Knowledge

Coat of arms of Romania

Source 📝

929: 1058: 1018: 1034: 1046: 945: 957: 1074: 988: 973: 1003: 1086: 694: 1514: 144: 767: 714: 130: 582: 917: 1119: 1105: 24: 744: 3225: 787: 865:, the first unifier of the Romanian Countries. On the bird's chest there is a quartered escutcheon with the symbols of the historical Romanian provinces (Wallachia, Oltenia, Moldavia, Bessarabia, Transylvania, the Banat, Crisana, Maramureș) as well as two dolphins reminding of the country's Black Sea Coast (Dobruja). 188:
Azure, a crowned eagle displayed Or beaked and membered Gules holding in its beak an Orthodox Cross Or, in its dexter talon a sword, and in its sinister talon a sceptre Argent, and bearing on its heart an escutcheon quarterly: I, Azure, an eagle displayed Or beaked and membered Gules holding in its
893:
The fourth quarter shows the coat of arms of Transylvania, Maramureș and Crișana: a shield parted by a narrow fesse, gules; in the chief, on azure, there is a black aquila with golden beak coming out of the fesse, accompanied by a golden sun on the dexter and a crescent argent on the sinister
1388: 845:
The aquila, being the symbol of Latinity and a heraldic bird of the first order, symbolises courage, determination, the soaring toward great heights, power, grandeur. It is to be found also in Transylvania's coat of arms.
875:
In the second quarter, Moldavia's traditional coat of arms is shown, gules: an aurochs head sable with a mullet of or between its horns, a cinquefoil rose on the dexter and a waning crescent on the sinister, both argent.
499:. Until 1989, there were four variants, the first being changed shortly after 1948 (the proclamation of the republic), again changed in 1952 (a red star was added), and finally in 1965, when Romania ceased to be a 1591: 987: 205:); IV, Per fess Azure and Or, a bar Gules issuant therefrom an eagle displayed Sable between in sinister chief a decrescent Argent and in dexter chief a sun in splendour Or; in base seven castles Gules (for 514:, the idea came up of giving Romania a new, representative coat of arms. In fact, the very symbol of the Revolution was the flag with a hole in its middle where the communist coat of arms had been cut out. 1538: 842:. A symbol of its royal past and a token for the period during 1881 and 1947 when Romania was a monarchy, ruled by the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen house through its Romanian branch, founded by Carol. 1621: 1616: 1641: 1057: 1170: 1691: 1686: 1631: 972: 2018: 1671: 1596: 1528: 1372: 2044: 1736: 1721: 1666: 1002: 1756: 1651: 1606: 1601: 1661: 544:
on the head of the eagle and mandates the public authorities to replace the existing emblems and seals to those provided by law until 31 December 2018 (to mark the centenary of the
1741: 1716: 1701: 1696: 1611: 1581: 1576: 1761: 1731: 1711: 1656: 1636: 1676: 1085: 1751: 1746: 1017: 2500: 1726: 1681: 1586: 1646: 1626: 1571: 1566: 1033: 1706: 1347: 342:
Until 1866, there were many variants of the coat of arms, regarding the background color and the number of times the two main elements where represented. In 1866, after
928: 1045: 1234: 944: 1378: 956: 879:
The third quarter features the traditional coat of arms of the Banat and Oltenia, gules: over waves, a golden bridge with two arched openings (symbolising
1272: 197:); III, Gules, issuant from water in base Azure a bridge of two arches embattled throughout, thereon a lion rampant Or brandishing a sabre proper (for 193:); II, gules, a bull's head caboshed Sable, in dexter base a rose, in sinister base a decrescent Argent, and between the bull's horns a mullet Or (for 2101: 1162: 2617: 495:: a landscape (depicting a rising sun, a tractor and an oil drill) surrounded by stocks of wheat tied together with a cloth in the colors of the 2059: 916: 1073: 671: 630: 1498: 1453: 1137: 2049: 1319: 625: 88: 1503: 1299: 60: 2533: 2054: 2034: 41: 3300: 3178: 2159: 67: 853:, symbolising the sky. The eagle holds in its talons the insignia of sovereignty: a mace and a sword, the latter reminding of 3325: 2652: 2094: 1882: 1543: 1213: 872:
cross, accompanied by a golden sun on the right and a golden new moon on the left, is displayed against an azure background.
688:
surmounting the eagle is divided into five fields, one for each historical province of Romania with its traditional symbol:
3340: 3330: 3320: 3265: 2885: 2829: 417:" in form of late roman empire shield designs) replaced by a black aquila, the third quarter depicted the coat of arms of 3335: 3275: 2817: 2765: 2674: 2039: 1932: 1802: 74: 473: 270:(used between 1922 and 1947), which was designed in 1921 by the Transylvanian Hungarian heraldist József Sebestyén from 3315: 3310: 3280: 3270: 2844: 2366: 2291: 2179: 1548: 545: 3305: 3295: 3290: 2950: 2925: 2454: 2204: 1533: 107: 56: 3285: 2915: 2734: 2602: 2376: 2087: 1982: 1957: 664: 189:
beak an Orthodox Cross Or, in dexter chief a sun in splendour and in sinister chief an increscent of the last (for
1947: 1857: 3260: 3255: 2469: 2421: 2286: 1972: 1488: 1446: 599: 1917: 905:
Also represented are the lands adjacent to the Black Sea (Dobruja), on azure: two dolphins affronts, head down.
2910: 2689: 1907: 45: 581: 2970: 2704: 2642: 2426: 2251: 2144: 1877: 1064: 1024: 549: 293:
in its claws. It also consists of the three colors (red, yellow, and blue) which represent the colors of the
1413: 615: 517:
The heraldic commission set up to design a new coat of arms for Romania worked intensely, subjecting to the
477: 2780: 2719: 2575: 2526: 2431: 2393: 387: 1987: 1977: 1862: 1403: 3078: 2994: 2900: 2580: 2351: 1937: 1872: 657: 645: 640: 1927: 1827: 1822: 3046: 2920: 2880: 2807: 2724: 2709: 2607: 2321: 2281: 2261: 2149: 1797: 1439: 328: 1922: 1887: 1348:"Coroana revine pe stema României. Iohannis a promulgat legea care modifică însemnele oficiale – FOTO" 3083: 2839: 2729: 2459: 2356: 2256: 1942: 1842: 1817: 1783: 1778: 81: 1892: 1837: 1832: 834:
Since July 11, 2016 the coat of arms has been altered to include the heraldic representation of the
3071: 2965: 2945: 2940: 2890: 2714: 2479: 2464: 2381: 2336: 2331: 2306: 2164: 1962: 1493: 869: 603: 2449: 2002: 1852: 1812: 898:); on the base, on or, there are seven crenellated towers, placed four and three (symbolizing the 3041: 3011: 2790: 2770: 2637: 2519: 2371: 2361: 2271: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2209: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2169: 2154: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 1967: 1897: 1867: 1142: 935: 426: 34: 1902: 1408: 1398: 3026: 2870: 2795: 2627: 2474: 2416: 2346: 2326: 2316: 2301: 2296: 2276: 2246: 2214: 2199: 2174: 1997: 1992: 1912: 1847: 1091:
The coat of arms of Romania since 2016 (fully replaced the previous version by the end of 2018)
835: 541: 454: 383: 298: 275: 245: 1205: 831:. It stands for the "nest of the Basarabs", the nucleus around which Wallachia was organised. 521:
two final designs which were then combined. What emerged is the current design adopted by the
3158: 3111: 3036: 3021: 2824: 2812: 2785: 2739: 2386: 2341: 2266: 1952: 1193: 685: 526: 518: 470: 347: 259: 237: 996:
of the Kingdom of Romania (1921 – 1947), used by the Romanian Army and the State authorities
3031: 3016: 2980: 2960: 2834: 2802: 2775: 2662: 2612: 2241: 1807: 899: 536:
In April 2016, deputies of the Judiciary Committee endorsed a bill voted previously by the
868:
In the first quarter, Wallachia's coat of arms, an aquila or holding in its beak a golden
8: 3168: 3153: 3143: 3061: 3056: 2955: 2905: 2895: 2753: 2684: 2647: 2587: 1787: 1558: 751: 511: 151: 2495: 3204: 3197: 3098: 3088: 2975: 2858: 2679: 2622: 2567: 2557: 2546: 2411: 2110: 2070: 963: 883: 839: 794: 492: 414: 402: 343: 267: 222: 3228: 828: 3121: 3051: 2875: 1462: 1209: 1132: 862: 858: 620: 537: 484: 466: 310: 241: 183: 3345: 3213: 3173: 3163: 3126: 3106: 3006: 2699: 2694: 1201: 850: 698: 693: 450: 446: 438: 351: 332: 194: 3148: 3138: 2632: 2236: 1483: 1124: 790: 594: 496: 488: 430: 379: 294: 286: 1513: 820: 362:
family was placed. After 1872, the coat of arms included the symbol of southern
297:. The coat of arms was augmented on 11 July 2016 to add a representation of the 143: 3218: 1258:
Drăgan-George Basarabă, "Marea Unire și identitatea heraldică a Banatului", in
1110: 880: 816: 766: 553: 282: 3249: 3131: 530: 1418: 890:), wherefrom comes a golden lion holding a broadsword in its right forepaw. 3116: 2932: 806: 775: 713: 635: 522: 406: 398: 359: 279: 266:. The current coat of arms is based on the lesser coat of arms of interwar 233: 206: 2079: 981:
of the Kingdom of Romania (1921 – 1947), used on official stamps and seals
737: 129: 2597: 1273:"Senatul a aprobat modificarea stemei Romaniei. Cum va arata noul simbol" 394: 271: 1166: 1011:
according to the Official Gazette, no. 92 of 29 July 1921. (1921 – 1947)
922:
One of the many drawings used unofficially as coat of arms (1864 – 1866)
895: 458: 363: 824: 815:'s coat of arms has as a central element the golden aquila holding an 771: 3066: 1389:
Law establishing the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Romania... (1921)
702: 442: 413:(almost all motivs including the supposed Turul can be found in the " 320: 278:, it was redesigned by Victor Dima. As a central element, it shows a 190: 1431: 1304: 437:
was placed in an insertion. The shield was placed on the chest of a
23: 2511: 1324: 854: 729: 721: 386:
was placed, as a symbol of sovereignty and independence, after the
324: 210: 1771: 1320:"Camera Deputaților a adoptat proiectul care modifică stema țării" 1039:
Coat of arms of the Romanian People's Republic (March 1948 – 1952)
209:); Entée en point, Azure, two dolphins urinant respectant Or (for 2542: 1470: 812: 798: 759: 747: 717: 573: 434: 375: 371: 367: 355: 336: 316: 263: 198: 168: 163: 1276: 887: 755: 743: 422: 248:, in the header of the official documents (including diplomas) 2592: 802: 491:
and the coat of arms. The coat of arms was rather an emblem,
462: 418: 410: 290: 202: 1051:
Coat of arms of the Romanian People's Republic (1952 – 1965)
786: 457:. The coat of arms had three versions: lesser, middle (with 1300:"Data până la care trebuie readusă coroana pe stema țării" 262:
on 10 September 1992 as a representative coat of arms for
950:
Coat of arms of the Principality of Romania (1872 – 1881)
819:. Traditionally, this eagle appears in the arms of the 393:
The coat of arms remained unchanged until 1921, after
350:
was divided into quarters: in the first and fourth an
1404:
Law 30/2016 concerning the change of the Law 102/1992
1235:"The Hungarian designer behind Romania's coat of arm" 1414:
Description of Romania's coat of arms on romania.org
1100: 1409:
The coat of arms on the Romanian Presidency website
1373:
Law establishing the coat of arms of Romania (1867)
1163:"Creatorul stemei României, fără drepturi de autor" 48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 319:dates from 1859, when the two Romanian countries, 315:The idea behind the design of the coat of arms of 548:on 1 December 1918). The bill was adopted by the 3247: 1379:Law modifying the coat of arms of Romania (1872) 1297: 461:and motto), and greater (the middle arms on a 354:was depicted, and in the second and third the 2527: 2095: 1447: 1423: 665: 552:on 8 June 2016 and promulgated by President 358:; above the shield the arms of the reigning 2109: 1138:Emblem of the Socialist Republic of Romania 409:was placed in the fourth quarter, with the 2534: 2520: 2102: 2088: 1454: 1440: 1395:no. 92 of 29 July 1921, pp. 3569–3573 672: 658: 382:, in the third quarter; on the shield the 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 2035:Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia 1399:Law 102/1992 describing the coat of arms 1198:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics 774:and seven castles, a sun and a moon for 374:, in the fourth quarter; and the one of 2019:Ministry of Administration and Interior 1312: 1206:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.4459 1067:(1965 – 1989) and Romania (1989 – 1992) 3248: 1191: 148:The version used for ministerial seals 2515: 2083: 2045:Inspectorate for Emergency Situations 1461: 1435: 1422: 1350:(in Romanian). Mediafax. 11 July 2016 1291: 1079:Coat of arms of Romania (1992 – 2016) 441:, as a symbol of the Latinity of the 331:. Then the two heraldic symbols, the 3224: 2541: 849:The shield on which it is placed is 469:). The coat of arms was designed by 46:adding citations to reliable sources 17: 567:This article is part of a series on 346:was elected Prince of Romania, the 285:holding a cross in its beak, and a 13: 580: 546:Union of Transylvania with Romania 14: 3357: 2501:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1366: 1298:Cătălina Mănoiu (19 April 2016). 1173:from the original on Aug 29, 2016 493:faithful to the Communist pattern 439:golden crossed and crowned aquila 3223: 1512: 1117: 1103: 1084: 1072: 1056: 1044: 1032: 1016: 1001: 986: 971: 955: 943: 927: 915: 785: 765: 742: 712: 692: 585:Flag and coat of arms of Romania 142: 128: 22: 1192:Tomlin, R. S. O. (2016-03-07), 33:needs additional citations for 3301:Coats of arms with cinquefoils 1340: 1265: 1252: 1227: 1185: 1155: 626:Orders, decorations and medals 559: 339:, were officially juxtaposed. 178:11 July 2016 (current version) 1: 1148: 1065:Socialist Republic of Romania 3326:Coats of arms with buildings 1262:, Vol. IV, 2021, pp. 174–175 861:whereas the mace reminds of 388:Romanian War of Independence 7: 3341:National emblems with birds 3331:Coats of arms with dolphins 3321:Coats of arms with sceptres 3266:National symbols of Romania 1385:no. 57 of 11/23 March 1872. 1375:, adopted on 24 April 1867. 1200:, Oxford University Press, 1096: 641:Symbols of Romanian Royalty 433:), and the coat of arms of 405:. Then the coat of arms of 10: 3362: 3336:Coats of arms with bridges 3276:Coats of arms with crosses 2818:Chief of the General Staff 1328:(in Romanian). 8 June 2016 1025:Romanian People's Republic 908: 478:Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș 329:Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza 308: 304: 3316:Coats of arms with cattle 3311:Coats of arms with swords 3281:Coats of arms with crowns 3271:Coats of arms with eagles 3191: 3097: 3002: 2993: 2866: 2857: 2761: 2752: 2670: 2661: 2566: 2553: 2488: 2440: 2402: 2117: 2068: 2027: 2011: 1770: 1557: 1521: 1510: 1469: 1429: 1424:Links to related articles 631:Postage stamps of Romania 476:, who was recommended by 474:József Sebestyén Keöpeczi 274:, at the request of King 240:, on state buildings, on 228: 217: 182: 174: 162: 158: 141: 136: 127: 122: 57:"Coat of arms of Romania" 3306:Coats of arms with lions 3296:Coats of arms with stars 3291:Coats of arms with moons 2845:Unification with Moldova 2766:Administrative divisions 453:shield, capped with the 236:, in classrooms, in the 3286:Coats of arms with suns 2111:Coats of arms of Europe 1479:Coat of arms of Romania 1143:Coat of arms of Moldova 994:The middle coat of arms 979:The lesser coat of arms 936:Principality of Romania 611:Coat of arms of Romania 533:on September 10, 1992. 471:Transylvanian Hungarian 427:Apollodorus of Damascus 256:coat of arms of Romania 123:Coat of arms of Romania 3261:National coats of arms 3256:Romanian coats of arms 2951:Science and technology 2160:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1027:(January – March 1948) 1009:The Great Coat of Arms 586: 510:Immediately after the 299:Steel Crown of Romania 276:Ferdinand I of Romania 2735:Territorial evolution 2618:United Principalities 1883:Drobeta-Turnu Severin 584: 485:Communist authorities 3179:World Heritage Sites 2055:Romanian Gendarmerie 1522:Historical provinces 1489:History of the flags 1194:"Notitia Dignitatum" 1169:. 27 February 2010. 1063:Coat of arms of the 1023:Coat of arms of the 962:Coat of arms of the 934:Coat of arms of the 401:was united with the 42:improve this article 2588:Prehistoric Romania 2403:States with limited 1391:, published in the 1381:, published in the 1260:Heraldica Moldaviae 770:a black aquila for 752:Southern Bessarabia 550:Chamber of Deputies 527:Romanian Parliament 260:Romanian Parliament 258:was adopted in the 2971:Telecommunications 2886:Foreign investment 2705:Historical regions 2071:History of Romania 2028:Other institutions 1279:. 16 February 2016 964:Kingdom of Romania 646:Symbols of Romania 587: 505:Socialist Republic 465:mantle lined with 403:Kingdom of Romania 268:Kingdom of Romania 223:Kingdom of Romania 218:Earlier version(s) 3243: 3242: 3237: 3236: 3187: 3186: 2989: 2988: 2853: 2852: 2830:Political parties 2781:Foreign relations 2748: 2747: 2643:Communist Romania 2603:Early Middle Ages 2509: 2508: 2077: 2076: 2060:National Archives 1791: 1529:Banat and Oltenia 1463:Romanian heraldry 1393:Monitorul Oficial 1383:Monitorul Oficial 1215:978-0-19-938113-5 1133:Romanian heraldry 894:(symbolizing the 863:Michael the Brave 859:Stephen the Great 682: 681: 621:Romanian heraldry 556:on 11 July 2016. 540:that returns the 501:People's Republic 487:changed both the 415:Notita Dignitatum 311:Romanian heraldry 252: 251: 234:national currency 118: 117: 110: 92: 3353: 3227: 3226: 3207: 3200: 3079:Social structure 3000: 2999: 2936: 2901:Great Depression 2864: 2863: 2759: 2758: 2668: 2667: 2613:Early Modern Era 2536: 2529: 2522: 2513: 2512: 2441:Dependencies and 2377:Northern Ireland 2118:Sovereign states 2104: 2097: 2090: 2081: 2080: 1776: 1539:Northern Dobruja 1516: 1499:Socialist emblem 1456: 1449: 1442: 1433: 1432: 1420: 1419: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1269: 1263: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1239:Transylvania Now 1231: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1159: 1127: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1113: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1088: 1076: 1060: 1048: 1036: 1020: 1005: 990: 975: 959: 947: 931: 919: 827:and the town of 789: 769: 758:(1867–1878) and 746: 716: 696: 674: 667: 660: 607: 564: 563: 483:After 1948, the 449:was placed on a 366:(after 1877, of 195:Western Moldavia 146: 132: 120: 119: 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 91: 50: 26: 18: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3246: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3183: 3093: 3047:Public holidays 2985: 2946:Property bubble 2934: 2849: 2808:Law enforcement 2744: 2725:Protected areas 2657: 2633:Greater Romania 2562: 2549: 2540: 2510: 2505: 2484: 2442: 2436: 2422:Northern Cyprus 2404: 2398: 2292:North Macedonia 2113: 2108: 2078: 2073: 2064: 2040:Romanian Police 2023: 2007: 1948:Sfântu Gheorghe 1782: 1775: 1766: 1592:Bistrița Năsăud 1553: 1517: 1508: 1484:Flag of Romania 1465: 1460: 1425: 1369: 1364: 1363: 1353: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1331: 1329: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1296: 1292: 1282: 1280: 1275:(in Romanian). 1271: 1270: 1266: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1242: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1190: 1186: 1176: 1174: 1165:(in Romanian). 1161: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1125:Heraldry portal 1123: 1118: 1116: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1092: 1089: 1080: 1077: 1068: 1061: 1052: 1049: 1040: 1037: 1028: 1021: 1012: 1006: 997: 991: 982: 976: 967: 960: 951: 948: 939: 932: 923: 920: 911: 884:Trajan's Bridge 829:Curtea de Argeș 795:Trajan's Bridge 750:– the seaside: 707:Țara Românească 678: 616:Romanian Anthem 597: 595:Flag of Romania 562: 512:1989 Revolution 327:, united under 313: 307: 221:1922–1947, the 154: 149: 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 3359: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3221: 3216: 3209: 3208: 3201: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3086: 3084:Urban planning 3081: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2966:Stock Exchange 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2840:Prime Minister 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2584: 2583: 2572: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2539: 2538: 2531: 2524: 2516: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2496:European Union 2492: 2490: 2489:Other entities 2486: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2446: 2444: 2443:other entities 2438: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2408: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2367:United Kingdom 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2180:Czech Republic 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2107: 2106: 2099: 2092: 2084: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2021: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1933:Râmnicu Vâlcea 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1908:Miercurea-Ciuc 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1792: 1779:Municipalities 1768: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1563: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1506: 1504:Socialist flag 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1386: 1376: 1368: 1367:External links 1365: 1362: 1361: 1339: 1311: 1290: 1264: 1251: 1226: 1214: 1184: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1114: 1111:Romania portal 1098: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1071: 1069: 1062: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1031: 1029: 1022: 1015: 1013: 1007: 1000: 998: 992: 985: 983: 977: 970: 968: 961: 954: 952: 949: 942: 940: 933: 926: 924: 921: 914: 910: 907: 823:, the town of 817:Orthodox cross 810: 809: 783: 763: 740: 710: 680: 679: 677: 676: 669: 662: 654: 651: 650: 649: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 589: 588: 577: 576: 569: 568: 561: 558: 554:Klaus Iohannis 309:Main article: 306: 303: 250: 249: 230: 226: 225: 219: 215: 214: 186: 180: 179: 176: 172: 171: 166: 160: 159: 156: 155: 152:identity cards 147: 139: 138: 134: 133: 125: 124: 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3358: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3230: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2941:National Bank 2939: 2937: 2931: 2927: 2926:petrochemical 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2891:Foreign trade 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2455:Faroe Islands 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2427:South Ossetia 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2252:Liechtenstein 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2072: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2050:Border Police 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1617:Caraș-Severin 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1494:List of flags 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1428: 1421: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1349: 1343: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1315: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1294: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1261: 1255: 1240: 1236: 1230: 1217: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1188: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1154: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1115: 1112: 1101: 1087: 1082: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1059: 1054: 1047: 1042: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1019: 1014: 1010: 1004: 999: 995: 989: 984: 980: 974: 969: 966:(1881 – 1922) 965: 958: 953: 946: 941: 938:(1867 – 1872) 937: 930: 925: 918: 913: 912: 906: 903: 901: 897: 891: 889: 885: 882: 881:Roman emperor 877: 873: 871: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 847: 843: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 781: 777: 773: 768: 764: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 708: 704: 700: 695: 691: 690: 689: 687: 675: 670: 668: 663: 661: 656: 655: 653: 652: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 605: 601: 596: 593: 592: 591: 590: 583: 579: 578: 575: 571: 570: 566: 565: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 534: 532: 531:joint session 528: 524: 520: 515: 513: 508: 506: 503:and became a 502: 498: 497:national flag 494: 490: 486: 481: 479: 475: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 333:golden aquila 330: 326: 322: 318: 312: 302: 300: 296: 295:national flag 292: 288: 284: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 187: 185: 181: 177: 173: 170: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 145: 140: 135: 131: 126: 121: 112: 109: 101: 98:December 2021 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: –  58: 54: 53:Find sources: 47: 43: 37: 36: 31:This article 29: 25: 20: 19: 16: 3112:Architecture 3042:Prostitution 3012:Demographics 2916:construction 2791:Human rights 2771:Constitution 2638:World War II 2432:Transnistria 2394:Vatican City 2311: 1918:Piatra Neamț 1544:Transylvania 1478: 1392: 1382: 1352:. Retrieved 1342: 1330:. Retrieved 1323: 1314: 1303: 1293: 1281:. Retrieved 1267: 1259: 1254: 1243:. Retrieved 1241:. 2020-03-04 1238: 1229: 1219:, retrieved 1197: 1187: 1175:. Retrieved 1157: 1008: 993: 978: 904: 892: 878: 874: 867: 848: 844: 833: 821:Argeș county 811: 807:Timok Valley 791:lion rampant 780:Transilvania 779: 776:Transylvania 762:(after 1878) 733: 725: 706: 683: 636:Romanian leu 610: 535: 523:two chambers 516: 509: 504: 500: 482: 407:Transylvania 399:Transylvania 392: 360:Hohenzollern 341: 314: 255: 253: 207:Transylvania 104: 95: 85: 78: 71: 64: 52: 40:Please help 35:verification 32: 15: 3027:Immigration 2871:Agriculture 2690:Earthquakes 2628:World War I 2608:Middle Ages 2598:Roman Dacia 2470:Isle of Man 2405:recognition 2352:Switzerland 2287:Netherlands 1983:Târgu Mureș 1873:Cluj-Napoca 836:Steel Crown 572:Symbols of 560:Description 455:Steel Crown 431:golden lion 395:World War I 384:Steel Crown 380:golden lion 3250:Categories 3169:Philosophy 3154:Literature 3037:Minorities 3022:Healthcare 2935:(currency) 2911:automotive 2825:Parliament 2786:Government 2740:Topography 2653:Since 1989 2648:Revolution 2322:San Marino 2282:Montenegro 2262:Luxembourg 2242:Kazakhstan 2145:Azerbaijan 2012:Ministries 1973:Târgoviște 1803:Alexandria 1798:Alba Iulia 1245:2023-11-10 1221:2022-12-24 1149:References 857:'s ruler, 840:King Carol 519:Parliament 459:supporters 364:Bessarabia 238:Parliament 68:newspapers 3067:Romanians 3032:Languages 3017:Education 2981:Transport 2961:Squatting 2835:President 2803:Judiciary 2776:Elections 2720:Mountains 2663:Geography 2460:Gibraltar 2257:Lithuania 1988:Timișoara 1978:Târgu Jiu 1943:Satu Mare 1863:Constanţa 1843:Bucharest 1818:Baia Mare 1737:Teleorman 1722:Satu Mare 1692:Mehedinți 1687:Maramureș 1667:Hunedoara 1642:Dâmbovița 1632:Constanța 1549:Wallachia 886:over the 738:Maramureș 703:Wallachia 529:in their 443:Romanians 321:Wallachia 242:passports 191:Wallachia 3214:Category 3144:Folklore 3062:Religion 3057:Refugees 2956:Services 2906:Industry 2896:Forestry 2813:Military 2754:Politics 2685:Counties 2576:Timeline 2547:articles 2480:Svalbard 2465:Guernsey 2412:Abkhazia 2382:Scotland 2337:Slovenia 2332:Slovakia 2307:Portugal 2165:Bulgaria 1963:Slobozia 1928:Ploiești 1858:Călărași 1828:Botoșani 1823:Bistrița 1788:communes 1774:Capitals 1672:Ialomița 1662:Harghita 1622:Călărași 1597:Botoșani 1559:Counties 1534:Moldavia 1471:National 1325:Mediafax 1283:27 April 1171:Archived 1167:Adevărul 1097:See also 896:Székelys 870:Orthodox 855:Moldavia 748:dolphins 734:Bucovina 730:Bukovina 722:Moldavia 372:dolphins 335:and the 325:Moldavia 246:ID cards 211:Dobrogea 137:Versions 3346:Aurochs 3229:Commons 3198:Outline 3127:Cuisine 3107:Academy 3099:Culture 3089:Welfare 3072:Gypsies 2995:Society 2976:Tourism 2881:Exports 2859:Economy 2710:Islands 2680:Climate 2623:Kingdom 2581:ancient 2568:History 2543:Romania 2372:England 2362:Ukraine 2312:Romania 2272:Moldova 2230:Ireland 2225:Iceland 2220:Hungary 2210:Germany 2205:Georgia 2195:Finland 2190:Estonia 2185:Denmark 2170:Croatia 2155:Belgium 2150:Belarus 2140:Austria 2135:Armenia 2130:Andorra 2125:Albania 1968:Suceava 1958:Slatina 1923:Pitești 1898:Giurgiu 1888:Focșani 1868:Craiova 1762:Vrancea 1732:Suceava 1712:Prahova 1657:Giurgiu 1637:Covasna 1354:11 July 1177:23 June 909:Gallery 825:Pitești 813:Romania 799:Oltenia 772:Crișana 760:Dobruja 726:Moldova 718:aurochs 697:golden 600:history 574:Romania 525:of the 435:Dobruja 397:, when 376:Oltenia 370:), two 368:Dobruja 356:aurochs 344:Carol I 337:aurochs 317:Romania 305:History 264:Romania 232:On the 199:Oltenia 175:Adopted 169:Romania 164:Armiger 150:and on 82:scholar 3219:Portal 3149:Humour 3122:Cinema 3052:Racism 2921:mining 2876:Energy 2730:Rivers 2675:Cities 2558:Topics 2545:  2475:Jersey 2417:Kosovo 2357:Turkey 2347:Sweden 2327:Serbia 2317:Russia 2302:Poland 2297:Norway 2277:Monaco 2247:Latvia 2215:Greece 2200:France 2175:Cyprus 1998:Vaslui 1993:Tulcea 1938:Reșița 1913:Oradea 1893:Galați 1848:Buftea 1838:Brăila 1833:Brașov 1784:cities 1772:County 1757:Vâlcea 1752:Vaslui 1747:Tulcea 1652:Galați 1607:Brăila 1602:Brașov 1332:8 June 1305:Gândul 1277:Pro TV 1212:  900:Saxons 888:Danube 756:Budjak 736:) and 699:aquila 686:shield 538:Senate 467:ermine 447:aquila 445:. The 429:and a 423:bridge 348:shield 289:and a 283:aquila 280:golden 184:Shield 84:  77:  70:  63:  55:  3205:Index 3174:Sport 3164:Music 3159:Media 3007:Crime 2715:Lakes 2700:Flora 2695:Fauna 2593:Dacia 2450:Åland 2387:Wales 2342:Spain 2267:Malta 2237:Italy 2003:Zalău 1953:Sibiu 1853:Buzău 1813:Bacău 1742:Timiș 1727:Sibiu 1717:Sălaj 1702:Neamț 1697:Mureș 1682:Ilfov 1612:Buzău 1587:Bihor 1582:Bacău 1577:Argeș 851:azure 803:Banat 542:crown 421:(the 419:Banat 411:Turul 352:eagle 291:sword 244:, on 203:Banat 89:JSTOR 75:books 3139:Flag 3132:Wine 2933:Leu 2796:LGBT 1903:Iași 1878:Deva 1808:Arad 1677:Iași 1647:Dolj 1627:Cluj 1572:Arad 1567:Alba 1356:2016 1334:2016 1285:2016 1210:ISBN 1179:2016 805:and 793:and 684:The 604:list 489:flag 451:blue 378:, a 323:and 287:mace 272:Cluj 254:The 201:and 61:news 3117:Art 1707:Olt 1202:doi 902:). 838:of 728:), 463:red 425:of 229:Use 44:by 3252:: 1786:, 1322:. 1302:. 1237:. 1208:, 1196:, 801:, 797:– 720:– 701:– 602:, 507:. 480:. 390:. 301:. 2535:e 2528:t 2521:v 2103:e 2096:t 2089:v 1790:) 1781:, 1777:( 1455:e 1448:t 1441:v 1358:. 1336:. 1308:. 1287:. 1248:. 1204:: 1181:. 782:) 778:( 754:/ 732:( 724:( 709:) 705:( 673:e 666:t 659:v 606:) 598:( 213:) 111:) 105:( 100:) 96:( 86:· 79:· 72:· 65:· 38:.

Index


verification
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"Coat of arms of Romania"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
Learn how and when to remove this message


identity cards
Armiger
Romania
Shield
Wallachia
Western Moldavia
Oltenia
Banat
Transylvania
Dobrogea
Kingdom of Romania
national currency
Parliament
passports
ID cards
Romanian Parliament
Romania

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.