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production, housing a vast network of over 28,000 exporting enterprises. In the first quarter of 2022 alone, the province's clothing manufacturing sector contributed $ 6.3 billion USD in export value. However, since 2015, China's clothing sector has exhibited a notable shift towards sustainability, with a reduced emphasis on expanding scale and a greater focus on technology-driven approaches to enhance productivity. This transformation has been largely motivated by the escalating labor costs, compelling businesses to transition from labor-intensive practices to more efficient and automated methods.
460:
the labour to “countries with the lowest wages, and by proxy, the lowest working standards”. In the twenty-first century, women are still often underpaid and undervalued in terms of the textiles they produce and “because of its historical association as being "cheap" and "flexible," women's labor within the textile and garment industries is particularly suited to the dynamics of production along the global assembly line. It is cheap both in terms of prevailing wage levels and in terms of the unhealthy and unsafe conditions under which women often work".
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456:. On April 24, 2013, the building collapsed and lead to the death of 1,134 people with many more injured. Structural cracks of the Rana Plaza were identified the day before, but many workers were told to still come into work the next day. The Rana Plaza tragedy brought worldwide attention to the reality of the textile industry and modern day textile workers. The search for the dead ended on 13 May 2013.
444:
by bullets, or imprisoned. In 2010, after a new strike movement, nearly 1,000 people were injured among workers as a result of the repression. On 24 April 2013 in the Savar
Upazila of Dhaka District, Bangladesh, where a commercial building called Rana Plaza collapsed. The Rana Plaza once stood as an 8 story building that housed many garment factories, including
785:
The clothing industry has grown to an eco-friendly packaging solution to limit the amount of waste. The regulator, Fast-Moving
Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies, and retailers are contributing their efforts to the eco-friendly packaging commitment. China banned imports on packing waste in 2017, Canada
550:
Indian clothing and apparel industry is one of the largest employment generating sector after agriculture in India and is sixth largest exporter in the world. India is the second largest producer of fibre in the world. Cotton is the most produced fibre in India. Other fibres produced in India include
443:
In 2006, tens of thousands of workers mobilized in one of the country's largest strike movements, affecting almost all of the 4,000 factories. The
Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) used police forces to crack down. Three workers were killed, hundreds more were wounded
459:
Although many advancements have been made since the early 1900s, “by the early twenty-first century, little had changed for textile workers the world. Female mill operatives in
Bangladesh, for example, earn wages 40% percent lower than men”. A common tactic by manufacturers is to outsource and move
730:
is a major source of retail sales for the clothing industry. Retailers do not typically manufacture their own items and henceforth they purchase their goods from wholesalers and manufactures. This makes it so that they can mark down their prices, and make them cheaper to consumers. This process is
524:, receive a monthly salary of 26 dollars per month. These very low wages have led to low productivity, frequent strikes and high turnover. Some factories have replaced all their employees on average every 12 months, according to the 2019 report of the Stern Centre for Business and Human Rights at
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The report states: "Rather than the docile and cheap labour force promoted in
Ethiopia, foreign-based suppliers have met employees who are unhappy with their pay and living conditions and who want to protest more and more by stopping work or even quitting. In their eagerness to create a "made in
439:
Many
Western multinationals use labour in Bangladesh, which is one of the cheapest in the world: 30 euros per month compared to 150 or 200 in China. In 2005 a factory collapsed and caused the death of 64 people. In 2006, a series of fires killed 85 people and injured 207 others. In 2010, some 30
499:
China has held the position of the world's largest clothing manufacturer for over a decade, commanding over 50% of global apparel production. In 2021, the country's apparel market generated an impressive revenue of $ 303 billion USD. The province of
Guangdong serves as the epicenter of clothing
597:
The textile industry is the largest manufacturing industry in
Pakistan, the fourth largest global producer of cotton, and the eighth largest exporter of textile products in Asia. It contributes to 8.5% of GDP and provides employment to 30% of the 56 million strong national workforce, or 40% of
602:
dominates the textile industry in
Pakistan. Realising the economic and employment implications of non-compliance for Pakistan, the national government has developed an International Labour Standard (ILS) Compliance and Reporting Programme to improve workplace practices in the textile industry
412:
Export processing zones (EPZs) are designated areas where manufacturers are able to import materials, process, and assemble goods for re-export, exempt from taxes and duties. Many manufacturers view EPZs as catalysts for economic growth with the minimal possible regulations, thus relocating
551:
silk, wool, and jute. 60% of the Indian textile
Industry is cotton based. Indian clothing industry dates back to Harappan civilisation and is one of the oldest clothing manufacturing industry in the world. India produces various types of clothing including woven and knitted clothing.
1417:
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production to these zones to maximize profits. According to UN Women (formerly known as UNIFEM), women comprise a significant majority of the workforce in EPZs, accounting for 90% in Nicaragua, 80% in Bangladesh, and 75% in Honduras, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka.
704:
and ethical fashion, and retailers are adapting their strategies to cater to these trends. Many retailers are now offering sustainable clothing lines and using environmentally friendly production processes to appeal to consumers who prioritize sustainability.
699:
Retailers often use a range of strategies to attract and retain customers. These include offering discounts and promotions, providing excellent customer service, and creating a strong brand identity. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on
762:
Overall, the retail sector plays a vital role in the clothing industry, connecting manufacturers with consumers and driving demand for clothing. The sector is constantly evolving and adapting to changes in consumer behavior and societal trends.
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retail model and forced established retailers to adapt to new consumer behaviors. Many traditional retailers have invested in their online platforms to offer a seamless shopping experience across multiple channels.
360:($ 7 billion). By 2025, it is projected that the United States market will be worth $ 385 billion. It is also projected that the e-commerce revenue will be worth $ 146 billion in the United States by 2023.
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represents the largest portion of the country's manufacturing sector, accounting for 80% of all exports. In 2012, exports grew to $ 4.61 billion, up 8% over 2011. In the first half of 2013, the
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The sector operates largely in the final phase of garment production, that is turning yarns and fabrics into garments, as the country lacks a strong textile manufacturing base.
1206:
196:, and being paid less than a living wage for up to 10-to-13-hour shifts. This trend worsened due to attempts to protect existing industries which were being challenged by
216:
saw the manufacturing largely outsourced to overseas labor markets, there has been a trend for the areas historically associated with the trade to shift focus to the more
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produced a report in 2010 which argued that "apparel industry leaders have made changes to their purchasing practices ... to improve working conditions in factories".
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The clothing retail sector is highly competitive, with retailers constantly innovating to stay ahead of the competition. Fast fashion retailers such as
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based companies can quickly manufacture and distribute their designs. These quick made designs often result in extra waste, low-paid workers, and
1227:
37:
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1000:
Haberland, Michelle. "Striking Beauties: Women Apparel Workers in the United States South, 1930-2000" (University of Georgia Press, 2015).
192:", which were usually legal but were sometimes illegally operated. They employed people in crowded and hostile conditions, working manual
536:, global brands and foreign manufacturers did not anticipate that the base salary was simply too low for workers to make a living from."
1386:
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practices. Clothing industries are also known as allied industries, fashion industries, garment industries, or soft goods industries.
802:
1356:
1198:
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to consumers through physical and online stores. Clothing retailers range from small, independently owned boutiques to large
1564:"American Seams: An Exploration of Hybrid Fast Fashion and Domestic Manufacturing Models in Relocalised Apparel Production"
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have gained popularity by offering trendy clothing at affordable prices. However, the environmental and social impact of
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implemented Zero Plastic Waste in 2018, and U.S introduced bills around reducing single use packing waste. The
628:
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has come under scrutiny in recent years, leading to a rise in popularity of sustainable and ethical fashion.
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469:
30:
This article is about the production of clothing and garments. For the production of fibres and fabric, see
1050:
A power among them: Bessie Abramowitz Hillman and the making of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America
592:
521:
381:
322:
479:
369:
1494:"Increasing productivity and competitiveness through labour law compliance in Pakistan's textile sector"
1079:
Tyson, Thomas. "Collective bargaining and cost accounting: the case of the US men's clothing industry",
1039:
The Master of Seventh Avenue The Master of Seventh Avenue David Dubinsky and the American Labor Movement
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In 2016, the largest apparel exporting nations were China ($ 161 billion), Bangladesh ($ 28 billion),
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Cole, Arthur H. "A neglected chapter in the history of combinations: The American wool manufacture."
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have received critical media coverage, especially in the aftermath of large scale disasters like the
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All together different: Yiddish socialists, garment workers, and the labor roots of multiculturalism
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reported exports worth $ 1.56 billion. The sector employs 335,400 workers, of which 91% are female.
152:
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735:, which is the way in which companies and suppliers are able to distribute products to consumers.
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The retail clothing industry has undergone significant changes in recent years due to the rise of
839:
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The garment industry is a major contributor to the economies of many countries. The industry for
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1717:
856:
787:
533:
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1608:
Coelho, Patricia Megale; Corona, Blanca; ten Klooster, Roland; Worrell, Ernst (2020-05-01).
1378:
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Ready-to-wear and ready-to-work: a century of industry and immigrants in Paris and New York
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65:
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8:
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2020:
1896:
1710:
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1463:"En Ethiopie, les petites mains de H&M ou Calvin Klein gagnent 23 euros par mois"
1323:
1302:
1114:
935:
The Wool Industry: Commercial Problems of the American Woolen and Worsted Manufacture
844:
137:
117:
20:
16:
Industry encompassing the design, manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing of clothes
1291:"Global Women's Work: Historical Perspectives on the Textile and Garment Industries"
899:(proposed US amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, introduced May 2022)
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31:
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513:
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209:
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97:
3004:
1441:"Minimum Wage Level for Garment Workers in the World (Updated in December 2020)"
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3147:
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2400:
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2010:
1975:
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1609:
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Between a rock and a hard place: A history of American sweatshops, 1820-present
955:
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612:
225:
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193:
133:
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275:. Textile industry is less concerned with the fashion aspect but produces the
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1635:
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Organization, Management, and Technology in the Manufacture of Men's Clothing
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657:
656:. The retail sector is a vital part of the clothing industry, as it connects
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24:
1988:
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732:
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The worldwide market for textiles and apparel exports in 2013 according to
228:
and retail. Areas historically involved heavily in the "rag trade" include
109:
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1913:
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308:
69:
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1998:
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173:
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101:
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There are considerable overlaps between the terms clothing-/garment-,
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2922:
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2104:
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1953:
1928:
1908:
1658:"The drive toward sustainability in packaging--beyond the quick wins"
876:
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406:
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357:
349:
280:
185:
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2390:
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2177:
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2114:
2003:
1993:
1933:
1878:
1853:
1804:
1799:
1776:
1733:
1610:"Sustainability of reusable packaging–Current situation and trends"
1523:"What is retail and what can retail software do for your business?"
1466:
981:
Jewish immigrant entrepreneurship in New York and London 1880–1914.
921:
Competition and Collective Bargaining in the Needle Trades, 1910-67
756:
752:
661:
645:
576:
560:
509:
475:
272:
259:. The clothing sector is concerned with all types of clothes, from
73:
42:
1349:"Au Bangladesh, une ouvrière du textile meurt tous les deux jours"
988:
A Perfect Fit: The Garment Industry and American Jewry (1860–1960)
157:
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3510:
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1938:
1923:
1836:
902:
886:
669:
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580:
453:
394:
341:
264:
260:
963:
The Men's Clothing Industry: Colonial Times Through Modern Times
928:
The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business
807:
Workers in the clothing industry are represented by a number of
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3427:
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3281:
3174:
3112:
3097:
2977:
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2202:
2072:
1983:
1965:
1891:
1863:
1843:
1826:
1816:
1607:
881:
709:
665:
641:
616:
552:
517:
402:
353:
276:
237:
229:
161:
85:
46:
1410:"Clothing Manufacturing in China: An Introduction - ARC Group"
970:
Labor will rule: Sidney Hillman and the rise of American labor
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3500:
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3169:
3107:
3031:
2960:
2900:
2727:
2631:
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2427:
2167:
2142:
2025:
2015:
1960:
1784:
1492:
Association (PTEA), Pakistan Textile Exporters (2015-08-05).
1228:"India world's second largest textiles exporter: UN Comtrade"
1012:
A Perfect Fit: Clothes, Character, and the Promise of America
572:
556:
345:
333:
233:
61:
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people died of asphyxiation and burns in two serious fires.
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2432:
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1858:
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241:
125:
89:
1687:
Best Current Practices in Purchasing: The Apparel Industry
1199:"U.S. online apparel and fashion revenue 2022 | Statistic"
2671:
1811:
1789:
1529:. 7 April 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022
1443:. FASH455 Global Apparel & Textile Trade and Sourcing
93:
766:
287:
to always supply the latest in non-functional clothing.
952:
The cotton manufacturing industry of the United States
299:
has been criticized by labor advocates for the use of
363:
1562:
Desai, Anuj; Nassar, Nedal; Chertow, Marian (2012).
986:
Goldstein, Gabriel M. and Elizabeth Greenberg, eds.
332:
In 2016, the largest apparel exporting nations were
283:. The fashion industry closely follows - and sets -
668:for clothing, and contributes significantly to the
19:"Rag trade" redirects here. For the racehorse, see
1561:
1491:
1253:"Exporters hardly grab orders diverted from China"
1144:"Exporters hardly grab orders diverted from China"
930:(Harvard UP, 1977), pp 287, 289, 298, 308–09, 312.
388:United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database
1170:"Global apparel market size 2012-2025 | Statista"
644:in the clothing industry involves the selling of
3786:
1696:, published 10 July 2010, accessed 24 April 2021
1547:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
825:Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh
512:garment factories, who work for brands such as
180:By the early 20th century, the industry in the
120:. The producing sectors build upon a wealth of
583:are important manufacturing centres of India.
1718:
1376:
1043:International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union
1028:(UCLA Asian American Studies Center, 1999).
1725:
1711:
1614:Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X
1370:
1033:The Economics of Fashion (New York, 1928).
1024:Liebhold, Peter, and Harry R. Rubenstein.
1005:Sweatshop: the history of an American idea
990:(Texas Tech UP, 2012), heavily illustrated
1625:
803:List of textile and clothing trade unions
2817:
1407:
1100:
776:
167:
151:
36:
1288:
1220:
974:Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America
3787:
3588:
1379:"Cambodia's textile industry grew 32%"
397:($ 25 billion), India ($ 18 billion),
1706:
1432:
830:Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety
767:Sustainability and working conditions
1568:The Journal of Corporate Citizenship
1455:
1318:
1316:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
781:Clothing factory in Buryatia, Russia
3733:Global trade of secondhand clothing
1377:Maierbrugger, Arno (11 July 2013).
1150:from the original on 11 August 2017
13:
1438:
1346:
1263:from the original on 30 April 2018
908:
364:Production in developing countries
14:
3811:
1420:from the original on 30 June 2023
1408:Camarero, Sergio (23 June 2022).
1313:
1275:
1057:The Clothing Industry in New York
743:. Fast fashion companies include
279:and fibres that are required for
140:not only of the previous textile
23:. For the television series, see
3769:
1473:from the original on 1 June 2019
1389:from the original on 29 May 2023
1295:Journal of International Affairs
1230:. Economic Times. June 2, 2014.
1081:Accounting and Business Research
913:
327:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
1679:
1668:from the original on 2021-11-29
1650:
1601:
1590:from the original on 2022-07-08
1555:
1515:
1504:from the original on 2022-05-08
1485:
1401:
1359:from the original on 2020-03-29
1234:from the original on 2014-06-05
1209:from the original on 2018-02-20
1180:from the original on 2018-02-20
1125:from the original on 2023-03-05
796:
691:have disrupted the traditional
1340:
1245:
1191:
1162:
1136:
1094:
945:Quarterly Journal of Economics
629:Worshipful Company of Girdlers
423:Textile industry in Bangladesh
147:
1:
1439:Lu, Sheng (4 December 2020).
1087:
633:Worshipful Company of Drapers
470:Clothing industry in Cambodia
416:
290:
156:Nylon stocking inspection in
1732:
1052:(U of Illinois Press, 2008).
593:Garment industry in Pakistan
382:Textile industry in Pakistan
323:2013 Savar building collapse
7:
983:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2001).
972:(Cornell UP, 1993) head of
818:
679:. Online retailers such as
586:
503:
463:
370:Bangladesh textile industry
172:Garment factory workers in
10:
3816:
3743:List of individual dresses
1627:10.1016/j.rcrx.2020.100037
800:
770:
610:
590:
543:
492:
480:Cambodian garment industry
467:
420:
367:
29:
18:
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3649:
3579:
3451:
3408:
3350:
3272:
3224:
3024:
2943:
2813:
2798:
2758:
2690:
2664:
2650:
2577:
2527:
2440:
2426:
2263:
2113:
1974:
1877:
1775:
1740:
1010:Joselit, Jenna Weissman.
950:Copeland, Melvin Thomas.
919:Carpenter, Jesse Thomas.
606:
546:Garment industry in India
495:Textile industry in China
378:Textile industry in India
374:Textile industry of China
220:associated industries of
68:along the production and
1103:"Semiotic Neighborhoods"
539:
488:
474:The garment industry in
390:stood at $ 772 billion.
124:some of which, like the
60:summarizes the types of
1101:Koskinen, Ilpo (2005).
840:Fashion design services
603:together with the ILO.
598:industrial employment.
100:), embellishment using
3800:Industries (economics)
3748:Reconstructed clothing
1662:McKinsey & Company
1328:Clean Clothes Campaign
1289:English, Beth (2013).
1059:(U of Missouri, 1905)
857:List of textile fibres
788:nonprofit organisation
782:
177:
165:
50:
947:37.3 (1923): 436–475.
801:Further information:
780:
611:Further information:
532:Ethiopia" brand, the
427:Textile manufacturing
421:Further information:
171:
155:
40:
3689:Environmental impact
1083:25.97 (1994): 23–38.
1041:(2012), head of the
933:Cherington, Paul T.
867:Savile Row tailoring
852:List of fabric names
198:developing countries
80:, starting with the
41:Clothing factory in
3776:Clothing portal
1048:Pastorello, Karen.
1007:(Rutgers UP, 2004).
954:(Harvard UP, 1912)
923:(Cornell UP, 1972).
773:sustainable fashion
526:New York University
405:($ 15 billion) and
356:($ 15 billion) and
297:Ready Made Garments
206:Indian subcontinent
122:clothing technology
114:second-hand clothes
1692:2021-04-24 at the
1259:. 11 August 2017.
1146:. 11 August 2017.
1065:Popkin, Martin E.
1037:Parmet, Robert D.
1021:(NYU Press, 2011).
783:
319:low-cost countries
315:Working conditions
178:
166:
51:
3795:Clothing industry
3782:
3781:
3753:Right to clothing
3677:Halloween costume
3645:
3644:
3620:black lounge suit
3220:
3219:
3020:
3019:
2794:
2793:
2573:
2572:
1347:Weiler, Nolwenn.
1074:The Needle Trades
1055:Pope, Eliphalet.
965:(New York, 1970).
961:Corbin, Harry A.
926:Chandler, Alfred
845:Fashion accessory
654:department stores
336:($ 161 billion),
138:industrialization
118:textile recycling
112:up to trade with
110:apparel retailers
54:Clothing industry
21:Rag Trade (horse)
3807:
3774:
3773:
3758:Vintage clothing
3586:
3585:
3531:Pocket protector
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2771:Bodysuit, infant
2662:
2661:
2443:formal, informal
2438:
2437:
2278:Ceremonial dress
1727:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1697:
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1677:
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1654:
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1257:thedailystar.net
1249:
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1166:
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1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1098:
1069:(New York, 1929)
997:(Duke UP, 1997).
993:Green, Nancy L.
979:Godley, Andrew.
892:Textile industry
835:Fashion industry
693:brick-and-mortar
401:($ 16 billion),
352:($ 16 billion),
348:($ 18 billion),
344:($ 25 billion),
340:($ 28 billion),
257:fashion industry
226:fashion modeling
106:fashion industry
82:textile industry
58:garment industry
32:Textile industry
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3768:
3762:
3704:made-to-measure
3657:Clothing fetish
3641:
3575:
3447:
3404:
3346:
3322:Square leg suit
3268:
3244:Blanket sleeper
3216:
3207:Sleeved blanket
3016:
2939:
2804:
2802:
2790:
2766:Bodysuit, adult
2754:
2686:
2654:
2646:
2569:
2523:
2442:
2430:
2422:
2268:
2259:
2109:
1970:
1873:
1771:
1770:
1736:
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1700:
1694:Wayback Machine
1684:
1680:
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1584:jcorpciti.45.53
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1383:Inside Investor
1375:
1371:
1362:
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1345:
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1287:
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1142:
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1137:
1128:
1126:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1072:Seidman, Joel.
1031:Nystrom, Paul.
968:Fraser, Steve.
916:
911:
909:Further reading
821:
805:
799:
775:
769:
741:overconsumption
639:
609:
600:Punjab Province
595:
589:
548:
542:
506:
497:
491:
472:
466:
437:
435:Tunnel finisher
419:
409:($ 7 billion).
384:
366:
293:
210:Central America
202:South East Asia
194:sewing machines
184:often involved
182:developed world
150:
98:synthetic fibre
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3813:
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3691:
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3684:Cross-dressing
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2808:
2796:
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2783:
2778:
2776:Long underwear
2773:
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2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2730:
2725:
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2710:
2705:
2703:Training pants
2700:
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2018:
2013:
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1484:
1469:. 9 May 2019.
1454:
1431:
1400:
1369:
1339:
1312:
1274:
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1219:
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1161:
1135:
1092:
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1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1017:Katz, Daniel.
1015:
1008:
1003:Hapke, Laura.
1001:
998:
991:
984:
977:
966:
959:
948:
941:
931:
924:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
900:
897:The FABRIC Act
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
848:
847:
842:
832:
827:
820:
817:
798:
795:
768:
765:
702:sustainability
613:Cloth merchant
608:
605:
591:Main article:
588:
585:
544:Main article:
541:
538:
505:
502:
493:Main article:
490:
487:
468:Main article:
465:
462:
418:
415:
365:
362:
292:
289:
285:fashion trends
222:fashion design
149:
146:
134:sewing machine
84:(producers of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3812:
3801:
3798:
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3736:
3734:
3731:
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3726:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3709:ready-to-wear
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:haute couture
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:creature suit
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Clothing swap
3660:
3658:
3655:
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3630:
3626:
3623:
3621:
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3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:morning dress
3601:
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3227:
3223:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
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3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3190:dressing gown
3188:
3186:
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2736:
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2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:Plastic pants
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2504:Princess line
2502:
2500:
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2479:
2478:
2475:
2471:
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2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Bouffant gown
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:Formal, semi-
2439:
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2209:
2206:
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2193:Pedal pushers
2191:
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1570:(45): 53–78.
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1414:arc-group.com
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1108:
1107:Design Issues
1104:
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811:and national
810:
809:international
804:
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711:
706:
703:
697:
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686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:manufacturers
655:
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584:
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547:
537:
535:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:Employees of
501:
496:
486:
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481:
477:
471:
461:
457:
455:
451:
447:
441:
436:
432:
428:
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278:
274:
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266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
246:New York City
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:globalization
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
170:
163:
159:
154:
145:
143:
142:manufacturing
139:
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119:
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107:
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99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
44:
39:
33:
26:
25:The Rag Trade
22:
3716:Fur clothing
3536:Pocket watch
2857:British Warm
2832:Chesterfield
2743:boxer shorts
2738:boxer briefs
2470:little black
2123:Bell-bottoms
2093:sweater vest
1750:
1685:As You Sow,
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1661:
1652:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1592:. Retrieved
1567:
1557:
1531:. Retrieved
1526:
1517:
1506:. Retrieved
1497:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1457:
1445:. Retrieved
1434:
1422:. Retrieved
1413:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1382:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1352:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1324:"Rana Plaza"
1301:(1): 67–82.
1298:
1294:
1265:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1236:. Retrieved
1222:
1211:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1138:
1127:. Retrieved
1113:(2): 13–27.
1110:
1106:
1096:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1056:
1049:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
994:
987:
980:
969:
962:
951:
944:
934:
927:
920:
813:trade unions
806:
797:Trade unions
784:
761:
737:Fast-fashion
733:Supply Chain
728:Fast fashion
726:
722:fast fashion
707:
698:
674:
650:chain stores
640:
596:
549:
530:
522:Calvin Klein
507:
498:
484:
473:
458:
442:
438:
411:
392:
385:
331:
313:
294:
250:
244:district in
218:white collar
179:
57:
53:
52:
3615:Semi-formal
3581:Dress codes
3471:Boutonnière
3453:Accessories
3332:Swim diaper
3327:Swim briefs
3292:Boardshorts
3212:Windbreaker
2973:Suit jacket
2968:Mess jacket
2862:Guards Coat
2781:See-through
2545:Romper suit
1919:Neck gaiter
1914:Neckerchief
1761:Terminology
1498:www.ilo.org
862:Nylon riots
625:Haberdasher
431:Texturizing
309:child labor
212:. Although
190:sweat shops
148:Terminology
70:value chain
3789:Categories
3556:Suspenders
3551:Sunglasses
3486:Cummerbund
3476:Coin purse
3380:Flip-flops
3375:Dress shoe
3370:Dress boot
3365:Court shoe
3312:Rash guard
3259:Nightshirt
3133:Harrington
3091:pellegrina
2951:Frock coat
2944:Suit coats
2933:Mackintosh
2874:Over-frock
2733:Underpants
2682:Undershirt
2555:Shirtdress
2396:boilersuit
2293:diplomatic
2255:Yoga pants
2245:Sweatpants
2158:High water
2153:Go-to-hell
2046:sleeveless
1999:halterneck
1989:cache-cœur
1909:Lavallière
1756:Technology
1672:2021-11-29
1620:: 100037.
1594:2022-04-04
1508:2022-04-08
1477:29 January
1447:30 January
1363:2019-06-01
1333:2024-04-04
1238:2019-06-01
1213:2018-02-19
1184:2018-02-19
1129:2023-04-07
1088:References
872:Shoemaking
791:As You Sow
771:See also:
718:Forever 21
677:e-commerce
637:Slopseller
534:government
417:Bangladesh
368:See also:
338:Bangladesh
305:piece work
301:sweatshops
291:Production
269:e-textiles
240:, and the
186:immigrants
176:, in 2013.
174:Bangladesh
164:, in 1954.
132:, and the
130:cotton gin
104:, via the
102:embroidery
3625:black tie
3608:white tie
3516:Jewellery
3433:Pantyhose
3307:One-piece
3254:Nightgown
3226:Nightwear
3064:Inverness
3059:ferraiolo
2884:shadbelly
2852:Greatcoat
2819:Overcoats
2806:outerwear
2652:Underwear
2607:Miniskirt
2592:Ballerina
2509:Strapless
2487:debutante
2482:ball gown
2460:Coatdress
2401:cleanroom
2359:Religious
2354:Political
2250:Windpants
2188:Parachute
2105:Waistcoat
2083:polo neck
1644:219075227
1636:2590-289X
1576:1470-5001
1307:0022-197X
1154:11 August
1119:0747-9360
877:Sweatshop
749:Forever21
731:called a
664:, drives
662:consumers
569:Bangalore
565:Ahmedabad
510:Ethiopian
450:Joe Fresh
407:Indonesia
399:Hong Kong
358:Indonesia
350:Hong Kong
281:tailoring
136:heralded
3632:Informal
3561:Umbrella
3506:Headband
3481:Cufflink
3438:Stocking
3423:Hold-ups
3352:Footwear
3302:Monokini
3297:Dry suit
3274:Swimwear
3249:Negligee
3239:Babygrow
3234:Babydoll
3202:Ski suit
3185:bathrobe
3165:Lab coat
3143:mackinaw
3086:mozzetta
3076:monastic
3037:pinafore
3000:Tailcoat
2928:Raincoat
2708:Leggings
2677:Camisole
2657:lingerie
2565:Sundress
2465:Cocktail
2450:Backless
2391:Workwear
2374:vestment
2369:clerical
2349:Pantsuit
2315:Military
2310:Jumpsuit
2305:Jodhpuri
2283:academic
2270:uniforms
2240:Slim-fit
2228:hotpants
2178:Overalls
2173:Jodhpurs
2115:Trousers
2068:guernsey
2063:cardigan
2004:tube top
1994:crop top
1902:Clerical
1879:Neckwear
1854:Kerchief
1795:baseball
1777:Headwear
1766:Timeline
1751:Industry
1734:Clothing
1690:Archived
1666:Archived
1588:Archived
1543:cite web
1502:Archived
1471:Archived
1467:Le Monde
1418:Archived
1387:Archived
1357:Archived
1267:30 April
1261:Archived
1232:Archived
1207:Archived
1203:Statista
1178:Archived
1174:Statista
1148:Archived
1123:Archived
903:Uniforms
819:See also
753:Old Navy
587:Pakistan
577:Ludhiana
561:Tiruppur
504:Ethiopia
476:Cambodia
464:Cambodia
273:workwear
265:uniforms
78:garments
74:clothing
66:industry
43:Montreal
3728:Fursuit
3694:Fashion
3667:Costume
3650:Related
3590:Western
3511:Handbag
3496:Glasses
3491:Gaiters
3461:Armband
3410:Legwear
3400:Sneaker
3395:Slipper
3342:Wetsuit
3287:Burkini
3264:Pajamas
3148:Norfolk
3138:leather
3103:Cut-off
3049:Cagoule
3044:Blouson
3010:morning
2983:smoking
2956:bekishe
2913:Paletot
2713:Panties
2622:Rah-rah
2617:Prairie
2514:Wedding
2499:Prairie
2477:Evening
2428:Dresses
2364:cassock
2330:service
2233:running
2218:dolphin
2213:dycling
2208:Bermuda
2183:Palazzo
2163:Lowrise
2128:Bondage
2098:twinset
2058:Sweater
2011:Cycling
1924:Necktie
1832:homburg
1746:History
1533:7 April
1424:30 June
1393:11 July
1045:(ILGWU)
1014:(2002).
937:(1917)
887:Textile
710:H&M
670:economy
646:clothes
621:Mercery
581:Chennai
518:H&M
454:Walmart
395:Vietnam
342:Vietnam
325:or the
277:fabrics
261:fashion
253:textile
49:, 1941.
3637:Casual
3598:Formal
3566:Wallet
3521:Livery
3501:Gloves
3443:Tights
3428:Garter
3385:Sandal
3337:Trunks
3282:Bikini
3175:Poncho
3160:Jerkin
3153:safari
3128:goggle
3123:flight
3113:Jacket
3098:Coatee
3071:Mantle
2988:sports
2978:Blazer
2896:Ulster
2891:Trench
2879:Riding
2847:Duster
2842:Duffel
2837:Covert
2748:briefs
2698:Diaper
2691:Bottom
2627:Sarong
2612:Pencil
2587:A-line
2579:Skirts
2550:Sheath
2540:Jumper
2528:Casual
2416:scrubs
2406:hazmat
2386:Prison
2381:School
2342:combat
2335:sailor
2203:Shorts
2148:Formal
2078:jersey
2073:hoodie
2036:Henley
2021:Mantle
1984:Blouse
1966:Tippet
1949:school
1944:kipper
1897:Collar
1892:Choker
1864:Turban
1844:Helmet
1827:fedora
1822:bowler
1817:boater
1642:
1634:
1582:
1574:
1353:Basta!
1305:
1117:
1076:(1942)
1061:online
956:online
939:online
882:Tailor
755:, and
716:, and
687:, and
681:Amazon
666:demand
642:Retail
635:, and
617:Draper
607:Retail
553:Mumbai
452:, and
433:, and
403:Turkey
380:, and
354:Turkey
255:- and
238:Europe
230:London
204:, the
162:Sweden
128:, the
96:, and
86:cotton
47:Quebec
3721:types
3571:Watch
3546:Spats
3317:Sling
3197:Shawl
3170:Parka
3108:Gilet
3081:royal
3032:Apron
3025:Other
3005:dress
2961:rekel
2906:opera
2901:Cloak
2869:Greca
2800:Coats
2786:Teddy
2728:Thong
2632:Skort
2602:Men's
2597:Denim
2535:House
2494:Plain
2433:gowns
2411:space
2288:court
2265:Suits
2168:Jeans
2143:Chaps
2138:Cargo
2133:Capri
2088:shrug
2031:dress
2026:Shirt
2016:Kurta
1961:Scarf
1954:stock
1929:ascot
1887:Bands
1785:Beret
1640:S2CID
1580:JSTOR
1527:ERPLY
573:Delhi
557:Surat
540:India
514:Guess
489:China
346:India
334:China
234:Milan
158:Malmö
62:trade
3738:Laws
3541:Sash
3526:Muff
3466:Belt
3418:Sock
3390:Shoe
3360:Boot
3180:Robe
3118:down
3054:Cape
2993:Teba
2923:Polo
2759:Full
2723:Slip
2655:and
2642:Wrap
2637:Tutu
2560:Slip
2519:Wrap
2431:and
2325:mess
2320:full
2300:Folk
2198:Phat
2041:polo
1976:Tops
1934:bolo
1869:Veil
1859:Mask
1849:Hood
1805:knit
1800:flat
1632:ISSN
1572:ISSN
1549:link
1535:2022
1479:2024
1449:2024
1426:2023
1395:2013
1303:ISSN
1269:2018
1156:2017
1115:ISSN
745:Zara
714:Zara
689:Zara
685:ASOS
660:and
652:and
579:and
446:Zara
307:and
271:and
242:SoHo
232:and
208:and
188:in "
126:loom
116:and
90:wool
76:and
64:and
2918:Pea
2827:Car
2803:and
2672:Bra
2665:Top
2267:and
2223:gym
1939:bow
1837:top
1812:Hat
1790:Cap
1622:doi
757:Gap
520:or
317:in
263:to
236:in
200:in
108:to
94:fur
72:of
56:or
3791::
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1660:.
1638:.
1630:.
1616:.
1612:.
1586:.
1578:.
1566:.
1545:}}
1541:{{
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1277:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
