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typically embroidered with floral patterns. Dancers also wear contemporary clothing and fashion. Pat Tracey (1959) described the everyday clothing worn by clog dancers performing in streets in the early 20th century;"For their performance the dancers usually wore their normal working clothes – brown fustian trousers, striped shirt with red muffler knotted round the neck, navy blue jacket and soft cap. They danced in their everyday clogs though these were usually somewhat lighter in weight than those worn by the majority of weavers...the street dancers normally belonged to a set of rather dandified working youths and the lighter clog was part of their accepted dress." Some dancers now wear mill workers working clothing or Sunday best, whilst others wear more modern outfits. On
Dartmoor, in East Anglia and in the Romany/Gypsy and Traveller community, everyday clothing is worn.
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different part of Wales each year. The competitive Welsh style of dance varies from stylised group dancing to a more traditional and natural dancing scene. Welsh clog dancing is also performed individually by both men and women. The male style of dance is particularly dynamic, including so-called "tricks" usually performed at the end of a performance. Solo Welsh male dancers are therefore required to have far more athletic abilities when compared with the
English clog dancer.
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404:. Nowadays, clogs, tap shoes, and hard-soled shoes are all worn depending on the style of dance. Dances and steps are most notably found in the North East, the Lake District, and Lancashire. As well as being danced in social settings, there are also some competitions, which has helped define some of the styles.Competition style dancing is often focused on very precise footwork with very little upper-body movement.
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were worn in the mills, and on
Dartmoor, hard-soled leather shoes or boots would have been worn for farming. By the late 1800s they clog danced on proper stages at competitions. In these competitions, the judges would watch the routine and judge it according to footwork, precision, and technique. Clog dancers were a common sight at
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Clog dancing in Wales originates mostly from slate quarries and farmers also. Workers would attempt to out-perform each other during work breaks by performing more extravagant and striking "steps" and "tricks" to impress their co-workers. The slate that was produced in the quarries could be used as a
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In the 1800s, clog dancing competitions became popular. Large amounts of money could be won or lost on the clog competitions which were seen as a type of sport. Like modern-day jockeys, dancers would perform in colours which would have made them easy to identify. Both men and women danced in breeches
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Buck dancing was the earliest combination of the basic shuffle and tap steps performed to syncopated rhythms in which accents are placed not on the straight beat, as with the jigs, clogs, and other dances of
European origin, but on the downbeat or offbeat, a style derived primarily from the rhythms
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tradition in Wales. Competitions since the 1960s have extended to dancing duets and trios which meant that groups could recreate on stage the true tradition where one dancer was trying to out-dance the other. Group clogging has also become an integral part of the eisteddfodau and dancing tradition.
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high, important in cotton spinning. At their breaks and lunches, they would have competitions, where they were judged on the best rhythm patterns. Workers, wearing their working clogs would perform in the street, in pubs, and during social occasions. For example, in
Lancashire, wooden-soled clogs
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Welsh Clog dancing tradition is unbroken and continues to exist in many festivals in Wales, mainly the
National "Eisteddfodau". These include the Urdd National Eisteddfod, the National Eisteddfod of Wales and the Llangollen International Eisteddfod. Both the Urdd and National Eisteddfod occur in a
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Welsh clog dancing is unique and is not a revival, as it is danced in the style of the unbroken tradition." Welsh clog dancing is stylistically distinct from
English clog dancing with new steps and "tricks" constantly being invented as part of Eisteddfod competitions. For example, extinguishing a
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Welsh and
English clogs, with leather uppers and a sole cut from alder or sycamore were the regular, everyday footwear for working people all over Britain until the 1920s. Dancing clogs are close fitting which allows the dancer more control over the movements of their feet. English clogs with an
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The main focus of a step dancer is in the footwork: dancers can create many different types of sound using their feet alone. Clog dancing was often performed very casually, people would dance at home, in the pubs or in the street. The upper part of the body was kept relatively motionless so it
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Clog dancers today wear a mixture of costumes inspired by the
Victorian and Edwardian clothing of the northern workers. In Lancashire and Northumbria some female clog dancers have specially made costumes, often with a waistcoat or bodice which is worn with a shawl, a long skirt, and an apron
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candle, toby stepping (propelling the feet forward alternatively in a squat position), straddle jumps, handkerchief jumps, stepping and jumping over brooms are performed. Welsh clog dancing, especially solo dancing has evolved to become much more dynamic than
English clog dancing.
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also published in New York by H. W. Gray. "(accompanied by: tunes as pianoforte arrangements by Arnold Foster. Rush cart lads – The girl I left behind me – Corn rigs, or, Sawney was tall – Radstock jig – Balquhidder lasses – Shepton hornpipe – Nancy Dawson, or, Cross
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Lancashire style: very distinct from Northumbrian clogging and more flamboyant in style. Dancers' heels are kept well off the ground; in tournaments heel steps lead to disqualification. Danced in 'Dandy' clogs with the extra eyelets, crimping and pointy
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Traditional dancing in the Netherlands is often called "Folkloristisch", sometimes "Boerendansen" ("farmer-dancing") or "Klompendansen" (clog dancing). Wooden shoes are worn as an essential part of the traditional costume for Dutch clogging, or
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Solo dancing (outside the context of the big circle dance) is known in various places as buck dance, flatfooting, hoedown, jigging, sure-footing, and stepping. The names vary in meaning, and dancers do not always agree on their use.
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and there are teams dancing the Northern traditional dances (and newer ones) in many other parts of England. Clog dance competitions currently held in England include the Lancashire and Cheshire Clog Dancing Contests (focussing on
553:. Clogs for dancing are made lighter than the traditional 700-year-old design. The soles are made from ash wood, and the top part is cut lower by the ankle. Dancers create a rhythm by tapping the toes and heels on a wooden floor.
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588:, which is based on fiddle tunes from the British Isles. Clogging developed from aspects of English, Welsh, German, and Cherokee step dances, as well as African rhythms and movement. It was from clogging that
66:. Welsh clog dancing mainly originates from various slate mines where workers would compete against each other during work breaks. Northern English traditional clog dancing originates from
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Traditional Appalachian clogging is characterised by loose, often bent knees and a "drag-slide" motion of the foot across the floor, and is usually performed to old-time music.
270:. It is characterised by neat and precise body movements with almost no upper-body movement. Dancers wear flat clogs with heel beat steps forming a large part of the repertoire.
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Competition can be energetic with the dancers leaping over brooms as seen in the National Eisteddfod Male Welsh Clog Dancing Competition. Notable dancing groups include
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Buck and wing dancing: The "wing" referred to is the step where a foot is kicked out to one side, striking the ground as it goes. The Buck was the young African male.
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which would have allowed their leg movements to be seen. Clog dancing was also performed on the stage. In the Victorian period clog dancing was a popular act in
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became the world champion clog dancer in the 1880s, although records show that competitive clog dancing was a frequent occurrence throughout the 19th century.
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from the same area. In the United States, English clog steps were combined with African rhythms to form "buck and wing dancing", and that evolved into
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who was more effective in documenting some of these dances. She encountered groups of North West morris dancers in the North-West of England. Her book
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and other parts of England. Clog dance competitions currently held in England include the Lancashire and Cheshire Clog Dancing Contests (focussing on
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A Welsh solo clog dancer extinguishing a candle using the sole edges of his clogs at the National Urdd Eisteddfod in Snowdonia (Eryri), 2012.
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Dancers hailing from the Pontypridd area and Talog dancers from Camarthern. Both groups have enjoyed significant success in
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Lakeland style or Westmorland Reel: typically danced as a reel with eight bars of stepping followed by a reel of three.
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A Welsh clog dancer performing a "toby" at a preliminary solo competition of the 2017 National Eisteddfod in Bodedern.
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competitions. Nantgarw dancers have also had significant success in international competitions such as the
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This article is about the folk dance from Wales and the North of England. For similar types of dances, see
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A Welsh clog dancing trio performing in the National Urdd Eisteddfod, 2012 Snowdonia (Eryri).
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Communities in Motion: dance, community, and tradition in America's Southeast and beyond
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platform to clog dance and slate is still used even today in "eisteddfod" competitions.
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were preferred to leather soles because the floors were kept wet to help keep the
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throughout the 19th century and into the early 20th century. One such group was
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style clog dancing) held every September as part of the Fylde Folk Festival in
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was published in 1930. It contained arrangements of the common Morris tunes:
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In the United States, team clogging originated from square dance teams in
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Welsh clog dancer on stage at the National Eisteddfod in Bodedern, 2017.
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Today, there are three predominant styles of English clog dancing.
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https://archive.org/stream/humidityincotton00dobs#page/n3/mode/2up
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768:"BBC Wales – Music – Folk and traditional – Clog dancing in Wales"
687:"BBC Wales – Music – Folk and traditional – Clog dancing in Wales"
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style) held every September as part of the Fylde Folk Festival in
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Mike Seeger 90 minutes of other Appalachian Solo dance traditions
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English clog dancing traditions still exist in some festivals in
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Clog dancing is an integral part of both the local and national
58:. Clog dancing developed into differing intricate forms both in
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Spalding, Susan Eike & Woodside, Jane Harris, eds. (1995).
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English clog dancing began in 18th century England during the
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iron or rubber protective layer on the sole are also worn for
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The Lancashire Morris dance: containing a description of the
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Type of folk dance from Wales and England danced in clogs
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American clogging is associated with the predecessor to
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Northumberland and Durham style: bears a resemblance to
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English clog and step dancers in Grenoside, Sheffield.
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544:"Boerendansen" at the end of this news-clip from 1951
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in France and Mallorca World Folk Festival in Spain.
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English Folk Dance and Song Society (20 June 2014),
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started his career in music halls as a clog dancer.
137:. Clog dancing is also still practised in parts of
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487:Clog dancing still occurs in some festivals in
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1390:Clogdancing.com – A website for clog dancers
54:characterised by the wearing of inflexible,
455:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1363:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
557:Descendent traditions in the United States
475:Learn how and when to remove this message
298:. It is thought to have developed in the
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283:Four English clog dancers, at Saltaire
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1172:"Tap Dancing History | Cupertino, CA"
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870:from the original on 3 September 2019
793:"Welsh Morris and other Welsh Dances"
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398:Lancashire and Cheshire Morris Dances
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1335:"Is clog dancing making a comeback?"
1197:Ames, Jerry; Siegelman, Jim (1977).
722:from the original on 15 January 2013
495:. Dancing traditions still exist in
453:adding citations to reliable sources
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396:. In 1911 John Graham had published
1201:. David McKay Company. p. 41.
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934:"Clog dancing's big street revival"
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860:"Welsh Folk Dance Society – Teams"
638:contains a well-known clog dance.
620:and Jack Wilson and Joe Keppel of
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1275:. URL is text, facsimile at
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1102:"All ABout (sic) Tap Dance"
920:"Clogaire website template"
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258:English clog dancing
18:Clog dance (British)
635:La fille mal gardée
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305:where wooden-soled
244:National Eisteddfod
1426:English folk dance
1178:. 24 February 2015
1108:. theatredance.com
1077:Balquhidder lasses
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900:on 28 October 2021
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992:Fisher 2003
980:Dobson 1895
956:Wallis 2010
797:Welsh Dance
632:The ballet
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316:music halls
131:Northumbria
112:music halls
1415:Categories
1285:Clog Dance
1182:7 February
1112:9 November
1026:7 February
968:Brady 2007
752:7 February
674:References
648:Step dance
612:Music hall
509:Lancashire
505:Derbyshire
497:Lancashire
300:Lancashire
250:in Wales,
235:eisteddfod
160:Lancashire
155:Derbyshire
139:Lancashire
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52:step dance
32:clog dance
1441:Tap dance
1344:9 January
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1292:9 January
1270:9 January
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1235:9 January
1219:Citations
1065:Corn rigs
654:Footnotes
590:tap dance
582:bluegrass
563:Asheville
513:Fleetwood
501:Yorkshire
465:June 2022
436:does not
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370:Corn rigs
164:Fleetwood
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211:Origin
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220:Style
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