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time...As the performance was drawing to an end, the robot winked its eye and made advances to the ladies in attendance, whereupon the king became incensed and would have had Yen Shih executed on the spot had not the latter, in mortal fear, instantly taken the robot to pieces to let him see what it really was. And, indeed, it turned out to be only a construction of leather, wood, glue and lacquer, variously coloured white, black, red and blue. Examining it closely, the king found all the internal organs complete—liver, gall, heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys, stomach and intestines; and over these again, muscles, bones and limbs with their joints, skin, teeth and hair, all of them artificial...The king tried the effect of taking away the heart, and found that the mouth could no longer speak; he took away the liver and the eyes could no longer see; he took away the kidneys and the legs lost their power of locomotion. The king was delighted.
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stepped upon the throne, a mechanism was set in motion. As soon as he stepped upon the first step, a golden ox and a golden lion each stretched out one foot to support him and help him rise to the next step. On each side, the animals helped the King up until he was comfortably seated upon his throne.
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has in its collection a clockwork monk, about 15 in (380 mm) high, possibly dating as early as 1560. The monk is driven by a key-wound spring and walks the path of a square, striking his chest with his right arm, while raising and lowering a small wooden cross and rosary in his left hand,
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By the 11th century, clockwork was used for both timepieces and to track astronomical events, in Europe. The clocks did not keep time very accurately by modern standards, but the astronomical devices were carefully used to predict the positions of planets and other movement. The same timeline seems
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The king stared at the figure in astonishment. It walked with rapid strides, moving its head up and down, so that anyone would have taken it for a live human being. The artificer touched its chin, and it began singing, perfectly in tune. He touched its hand, and it began posturing, keeping perfect
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There appears to be no longer any question, on the basis of recent research, that the mechanical clock and fine instrumentation evolved in a direct line without substantial change from the mechanical water clocks of the
Alexandrine civilization, transmitted through Islam and Byzantium from a
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mechanism. However, whereas the spring or the weight provided the motive power, the pendulum merely controlled the rate of release of that power via some escape mechanism (an escapement) at a regulated rate.
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turning and nodding his head, rolling his eyes, and mouthing silent obsequies. From time to time, he brings the cross to his lips and kisses it. It is believed that the monk was manufactured by
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185:(1023-957 BC) and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi, an 'artificer'. The latter proudly presented the king with a life-size, human-shaped figure of his mechanical handiwork (
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with mechanical animals which hailed him as king when he ascended it; upon sitting down an eagle would place a crown upon his head, and a dove would bring him a
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Up to the 15th century, clockwork was driven by water, weights, or other roundabout, relatively primitive means, but in 1430 a clock was presented to
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which twists the mainspring tighter. Then the force of the mainspring turns the clockwork gears, until the stored energy is used up. The adjectives
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of mechanical ingenuity in this area. Sometimes clocks and timing mechanisms are used to set off explosives, timers, alarms and many other devices.
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Often power for the device is stored within it, via a winding device that applies mechanical stress to an energy-storage mechanism such as a
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At some point, this level of sophistication in clockwork technology was lost or forgotten in Europe, and only returned when brought from the
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The
Talking Machine Encyclopædia: A Comprehensive and Descriptive Glossary of All Terms Used in Connection with the Talking Machine
131:, and the mechanism itself is sophisticated enough to indicate a significant history of lesser devices leading up to its creation.
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241:, that was driven by a spring. This became a standard technology along with weight-driven movements. In the mid-16th century,
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428:, where an energy-storing spring accounting for much of the size and weight of the device rotates a much smaller electric
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became available in the 1970s. Relatively small calculators were used, for example, for companies' financial calculations.
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127:, recovered from a Greek shipwreck. There are many other accounts of clockwork devices in Ancient Greece, even in its
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use a clockwork mechanism not unlike that of wristwatches to time the opening and closing of the shutter blades.
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As in Greek mythology, there are ambitious automation claims in the legends of other cultures. For example, in
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text, written in the 3rd century BC. Within it, there is a description of a much earlier encounter between
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tradition that may have originated in China, that reached Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
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Charles
Babbage's Difference Engine No.1, in Science Museum, London. The first computer.
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refer to mainspring-powered clockwork devices, which include clocks and watches, kitchen
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to apply in Europe, where mechanical escapements were used in clocks by that time.
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A clockwork mechanism is often powered by a clockwork motor consisting of a
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711:. London: Phono Trader Printing and Publishing Co. 1908. pp. 45–47.
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was created from a revision of this article dated 7 July 2009
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Exhibition model of an alarm clock mechanism with two mainsprings
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of metal ribbon. Energy is stored in the mainspring manually by
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refers to the inner workings of either mechanical devices called
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and watches. Other uses, most but not all obsolete, include:
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60:) or other mechanisms that work similarly, using a series of
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348:. These may be either key-wound, as were many 20th-century
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The earliest known example of a clockwork mechanism is the
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Keys of various sizes for winding up mainsprings on clocks
615:"Clockwork - Definition of clockwork by Merriam-Webster"
115:, a first-century BC geared analogue computer, somewhat
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Movement of a grandfather clock with striking mechanism
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Clockwork Prayer: A Sixteenth-Century
Mechanical Monk
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344:– often as a simple mechanical motor, or to create
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177:, a curious account of automation is found in the
801:The Role of Automata in the History of Technology
502:Plastic clockwork motor of a modern kitchen timer
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644:"Clockwork - Define Clockwork at Dictionary.com"
222:) that could successfully fly, according to the
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424:Hand-powered electrical equipment, such as a
142:, along with other knowledge leading to the
436:and mains power (house current) are scarce.
317:teeth, to redirect motion or gain speed or
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333:The most common examples are mechanical
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41:Clockwork of mechanical Prim wrist watch
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432:; such equipment is very popular where
249:and developed it into the first modern
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408:whose history spans hundreds of years.
421:(gramophones) built before the 1930s.
693:participating institution membership
218:, who made artificial wooden birds (
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417:Almost all musical record-playing
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765:10.1038/scientificamerican1209-76
165:scroll. It's also said that when
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625:from the original on 2013-11-22
369:Mechanisms to turn the lens of
198:Other notable examples include
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736:"Decoding an Ancient Computer"
734:Freeth, Tony (December 2009).
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305:, thus involving some form of
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64:driven by a spring or weight.
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1:
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404:Astronomical models, such as
56:(where it is also called the
157:used his wisdom to design a
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293:Mechanism of a Wall Clock,
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29:Clockwork (disambiguation)
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680:Oxford English Dictionary
521:Clockwork universe theory
818:"King Solomon's Throne"
685:Oxford University Press
373:before electric motors.
259:Smithsonian Institution
119:-like, for calculating
907:Timekeeping components
866:Needham, Volume 2, 54.
845:Needham, Volume 2, 53.
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548:Listen to this article
381:electronic calculators
377:Mechanical calculators
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202:'s dove, mentioned by
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536:Clock of the Long Now
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113:Antikythera mechanism
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599:More spoken articles
526:Movement (clockwork)
516:Friedrich von Knauss
387:Mechanical computers
379:, used before small
34:Mechanism of a clock
27:For other uses, see
757:2009SciAm.301f..76F
744:Scientific American
683:(Online ed.).
619:merriam-webster.com
463:Clockwork music box
882:2006-10-10 at the
875:King, Elizabeth. "
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399:analytical engines
359:Most photographic
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268:Holy Roman Emperor
245:took an idea from
243:Christiaan Huygens
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786:26 November
674:"clockwork"
419:phonographs
412:Music boxes
371:lighthouses
295:Ansonia Co.
189:spelling):
144:Renaissance
97:music boxes
71:, a spiral
890:1.1 (2002)
832:2015-03-11
719:2021-11-09
695:required.)
658:2008-03-06
629:2008-03-06
595:Audio help
586:2009-07-07
542:References
531:Mainspring
395:difference
307:escapement
303:mainspring
237:, Duke of
224:Han Fei Zi
187:Wade-Giles
69:mainspring
888:Blackbird
751:(6): 78.
434:batteries
430:generator
271:Charles V
129:mythology
117:astrolabe
46:Clockwork
901:Category
880:Archived
826:Archived
777:Archived
773:20058643
713:Archived
652:Archived
623:Archived
597: ·
510:See also
406:orreries
346:automata
329:Examples
311:friction
277:Overview
251:pendulum
239:Burgundy
200:Archytas
140:Crusades
125:eclipses
58:movement
753:Bibcode
584: (
555:minutes
391:Babbage
220:ma yuan
155:Solomon
136:Islamic
107:History
85:wind-up
81:ratchet
54:watches
771:
361:camera
335:clocks
319:torque
216:Lu Ban
208:Mohist
179:Lie Zi
159:throne
99:, and
93:timers
50:clocks
780:(PDF)
739:(PDF)
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163:Torah
62:gears
788:2014
769:PMID
397:and
315:gear
297:1904
257:The
212:Mozi
87:and
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