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Clifford Geertz

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of which it is a surface expression, or the ideological principles upon which it is based. It was his view that culture is public, because “meaning is,” and systems of meanings are what produce culture, because they are the collective property of a particular people. We cannot discover the culture's import or understand its systems of meaning, when, as Wittgenstein noted, “we cannot find our feet with them.” Geertz wants society to appreciate that social actions are larger than themselves:
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pointed out a gap between 'cultural system' and 'social reality' when attempting to define the concept of religion in universal terms. He would also criticize Geertz for ascribing an authorizing discourse around conversations of comparative religion that, Asad argues, does not really exist. Furthermore, Asad criticized Geertz for operating according to a
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attacked the dualism in Geertzian theory: the theory does not provide a bridge between external symbols and internal dispositions. Asad also pointed out the need for a more nuanced approach toward the historical background of certain concepts. Criticizing Geertz's theory of religion in general, Asad
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Geertz argues that to interpret a culture's web of symbols, scholars must first isolate its elements, specifying the internal relationships among those elements and characterize the whole system in some general way according to the core symbols around which it is organized, the underlying structures
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is an anthropological method of explaining with as much detail as possible the reason behind human actions. Many human actions can mean many different things, and Geertz insisted that the anthropologist needs to be aware of this. The work proved influential amongst historians, many of whom tried to
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Believing
that man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun
I take culture to be those webs, and the analysis of it to be therefore not an experimental science in search of law but an interpretative one in search of meaning. It is explication I am after, construing social
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is not its own master; at the end of the day we must appreciate, that the generality “thick description” contrives to achieve, grows out of the delicacy of its distinctions, not the sweep of its abstraction. The essential task of theory-building here is not to codify abstract regularities, but to
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He was one of the earliest scholars to see that the insights provided by common language, philosophy and literary analysis could have major explanatory force in the social sciences. Geertz aimed to provide the social sciences with an understanding and appreciation of “thick description.” Geertz
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Geertz's research and ideas have had a strong influence on 20th-century academia, including modern anthropology and communication studies, as well as for geographers, ecologists, political scientists, scholars of religion, historians, and other humanists.
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It is not against a body of uninterrupted data, radically thinned descriptions, that we must measure the cogency of our explications, but against the power of the scientific imagination to bring us into touch with the lives of strangers. (p.18)
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in his essay "Ethos, Worldview and the Analysis of Sacred Symbols", writing that "the drive to make sense out of experience, to give it form and order, is evidently as real and pressing as the more familiar biological needs."
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In seeking to converse with subjects in foreign cultures and gain access to their conceptual world, this is the goal of the semiotic approach to culture.
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for two-and-a-half years (1952 to 1954), living with a railroad laborer's family. After finishing his thesis, Geertz returned to Indonesia, visiting
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and who was considered "for three decades... the single most influential cultural anthropologist in the United States." He served until his death as
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During Geertz's long career he worked through a variety of theoretical phases and schools of thought. He would reflect an early leaning toward
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as "the eminent cultural anthropologist whose work focused on interpreting the symbols he believed give meaning and order to people’s lives."
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He died of complications following heart surgery on October 30, 2006. At the time of his death, Geertz was working on the general question of
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toward a concern with the frames of meaning within which various peoples live their lives. He reflected on the basic core notions of
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Frankenberry, Nancy K.; Penner, Hans H. (1999). "Clifford Geertz's Long-Lasting Moods, Motivations, and Metaphysical Conceptions".
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view of religion that places import on signs and symbols that may or may not carry through in non-Christian religious cultures.
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on "bazaars, mosques, olive growing and oral poetry," collecting ethnographic data that would be used for his famous essay on
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Geertz taught or held fellowships at a number of schools before joining the faculty of the anthropology department at the
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1967. "Politics Past, Politics Preset: Some Notes on the Contribution of Anthropology to the Study of the New States."
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1963. "The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States." Pp. 105–57 in
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From the 1980s to his death, Geertz wrote more theoretical and essayistic pieces, including book reviews for the
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At Harvard University he studied in the Department of Social Relations with an interdisciplinary program led by
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among others. While holding a position in Chicago in the 1960s, he directed a multidisciplinary project titled
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use these ideas about the 'meaning' of cultural practice in the study of customs and traditions of the past.
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In the field but not of the field: Clifford Geertz, Robert Bellah, and the practices of interdisciplinarity.
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Geertz, Clifford. 1973. "Thick Description: Towards an Interpretive Theory of Culture." Pp. 3–30 in
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After the Fact: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist, The Jerusalem-Harvard Lectures.
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make thick description possible; not to generalize across cases, but to generalize within them.
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Professor Daniel Pals (1996) wrote of Geertz that "his critics are few; his admirers legion."
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research in Southeast Asia and North Africa. This fieldwork was the basis of Geertz's famous
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1968. "Thinking as a Moral Act: Dimensions of Anthropological Fieldwork in the New States."
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The Intensification of Social Forms: Economy and Culture in the Thought of Clifford Geertz
2944: 2736: 2251:"Centers, Kings, and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics of Power." Pp. 121–46 in 8: 2899: 2623: 2265:
1983. "Notions of Primitive Thought: Dialogue with Clifford Geertz." Pp. 192–210 in
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are strongly present in Geertz's work. Drawing from Weber, Geertz himself argues for a “
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1966. "The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man." Pp. 93–118 in
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1973. "Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture." Pp. 3–30 in
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Peddlers and Princes: Social Change and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns
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who is remembered mostly for his strong support for and influence on the practice of
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Peddlers and Princes: Social Development and Economic Change in Two Indonesian Towns
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Genealogies of religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam
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Asad, Talal. 1993. "The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological Category."
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1999 "'The pinch of destiny': Religion as Experience, Meaning, Identity, Power."
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2002. "An inconstant profession: The anthropological life in interesting times."
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in nature, and this theory has implications for comparative political sciences.
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applied thick description to anthropological studies, particularly to his own '
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1977. "Found in Translation: On the Social History of the Moral Imagination."
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Clifford Geertz: A Life of Learning (Charles Homer Haskins Lecture for 1999)
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Interpreting Clifford Geertz: Cultural Investigation in the Social Sciences.
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1962. "The Growth of Culture and the Evolution of Mind." Pp. 713–40 in
1499:'s post-Tractatus philosophy, from which Geertz incorporates the concept of 1339: 2872: 1615: 1480: 1435: 1431: 1362:(1978; written collaboratively with Hildred Geertz and Lawrence Rosen) and 1184: 1156: 730: 620: 326: 274: 224: 201: 189: 69: 3199: 2208:
1977. "Curing, Sorcery, and Magic in a Javanese Town." Pp. 146–53 in
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1966. "Person, Time, and Conduct in Bali: An Essay in Cultural Analysis."
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In 1970, Geertz left Chicago to become professor of social science at the
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University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
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1972. "The Wet and the Dry: Traditional Irrigation in Bali and Morocco."
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1961. "The Rotating Credit Association: A 'Middle Rung' in Development."
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Religion in Modjokuto: A Study of Ritual and Belief in a Complex Society
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Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society: Three Essays in Cultural Analysis
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Old Societies and New States: The Quest for Modernity in Asia and Africa
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Agricultural Involution: The Process of Agricultural Change in Indonesia
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Clifford Geertz, intellectual autonomy, and interpretive social science
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Agricultural Involution: the process of ecological change in Indonesia
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Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics.
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Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics
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Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics
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into anthropology. Geertz would also introduce anthropology to the "
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Religion in Modjokuto: A Study of Ritual Belief In A Complex Society
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1972. "Religious Change and Social Order in Soeharto's Indonesia."
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and its implications in the modern world. He was remembered by the
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Interview of Clifford Geertz by Alan Macfarlane 5 May 2004 (video)
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from around fifteen colleges and universities, including Harvard,
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1967. "The Cerebral Savage: On the Work of Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss."
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After the Fact: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist
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Born in San Francisco on August 23, 1926, Geertz served in the
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Culture, Disease, and Healing: Studies in Medical Anthropology
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Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia
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1957. "Ethos, world-view and the analysis of sacred symbols."
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Islam Observed, Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia
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1992. "'Local Knowledge' and Its Limits: Some Obiter Dicta."
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1976. "From the Native's Point of View." Pp. 221–37 in
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Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology
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Anthropological Concepts of Religion: Reflections on Geertz
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1987 Award for Distinguished Contributions to Asian Studies
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Local, Ethnic, and National Loyalties in Village Indonesia,
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that contained papers by many important anthropologists on
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University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
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1984. "Anti Anti-Relativism: 1983 Distinguished Lecture."
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1959. "Form and Variation in Balinese Village Structure."
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Chicago: University Of Chicago Press (1976, revised ed.).
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
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1967. "Tihingan: A Balinese Village." Pp. 210–43 in
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1964. "Ideology as a Cultural System." Pp. 47–76 in
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Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
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1984. "Culture and Social Change: The Indonesian Case."
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1966. "Religion as a Cultural System." Pp. 1–46 in
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1962. "Studies in Peasant Life: Community and Society."
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1966. "Religion as a Cultural System." Pp. 1–46 in
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Another of Geertz's philosophical influences is that of
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Clifford Geertz, Cultural Anthropologist, Is Dead at 80
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A short biography of Geertz from Richard Wilk's website
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Man, State, and Society in Contemporary South East Asia
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Modernization in a Muslim Society: The Indonesian Case.
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1961, edited by B. J. Siegal. pp. 1–41. Stanford:
1396:(1988), while other works include the autobiographical 1948:. New Haven: Southeast Asian Program, Yale University. 1926:
1957. "Ritual and Social Change: A Javanese Example."
1234:, after which he would receive his PhD in 1956 with a 1123:; August 23, 1926 – October 30, 2006) was an American 3047:
Alexander, J.C., P. Smith, and M. Norton, eds. 2011.
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The Thinking of Thoughts: What is 'Le Penseur' Doing?
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1993. "'Ethnic Conflict': Three Alternative Terms."
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Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali
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1972. "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight."
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Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion,
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Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth Century Bali
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Committee for the Comparative Studies of New Nations
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Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
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Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion
2965: 2337:"Us/not-Us: Benedict's Travels" (pp. 102–28). 2223:, written with H. Geertz and L. Rosen. Cambridge: 2059:, edited by R. O. Tilman (ed). London: Pall Mall. 1479:, a concept adopted from the British philosopher 1319:that resulted in several publications, including 1289:in 1960. In this period he expanded his focus on 3239: 3217:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir 2928:The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. 2517:Shweder, Richard A., and Byron Good, eds. 2005. 2849: 2847: 2170:The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays 2133:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 136 pp. 1940:1959 "The Javanese Village." Pp. 34–41 in 1737:. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press (1971). 1244:: A Study of Ritual Belief In A Complex Society 3229:Guide to the Clifford Geertz Papers 1930s-2007 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2471:List of important publications in anthropology 2269:edited & composed by J. Miller. New York: 2064:Southeast Asia Program, Cultural Report Series 1659: 1655:List of important publications in anthropology 1567:expression on their surface enigmatical. (p.5) 1198:. Geertz worked with Parsons, as well as with 3348:Members of the American Philosophical Society 3223:Nature, symbol and culture in Clifford Geertz 2319:Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author 1835:Works and Lives: The Anthropologist As Author 1249:In the course of his career, Geertz received 1069: 3313:United States Navy personnel of World War II 3063:Clifford Geertz: Culture, Custom and Ethics. 2885:Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing 2492:Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science 2113:, edited by R. N. Koentjaraningrat. Ithaca: 2824: 1911:French Edition of Geertz' "Local Knowledge" 1881:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2466:Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight 1473:Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight 1076: 1062: 31: 2026:, ed. C. Geertz. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. 1988:edited by J. Scher. New York: Free Press. 1459:Main ideas, contributions, and influences 3205:Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropologies 3121:Bortolini, M., & Cossu, A. (2020). " 2042:The Social History of an Indonesian Town 1965:Economic Development and Cultural Change 1906: 1902: 1462: 299: 3013: 3011: 2792:Yarrow, Andrew L. (November 1, 2006) . 2648:American Academy of Arts & Sciences 2435:Life Among the Anthros and Other Essays 2363:1991. "The Year of Living Culturally." 3240: 2791: 2595: 2534: 2489: 1690:Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. 1338:from 1970 to 2000, an subsequently as 3333:20th-century American anthropologists 2812:from the original on October 27, 2022 2768: 2766: 2737:"Anthropologist Biographies - Geertz" 2731: 2729: 2622:Association for Asian Studies (AAS), 1360:Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society 1323:(1968), which compared Indonesia and 1267:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1220:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3273:Institute for Advanced Study faculty 3154:Interview of Clifford Geertz (video) 3008: 2684:from the original on August 22, 2022 2654:from the original on August 22, 2022 2574: 2572: 2570: 2535:Geertz, Clifford (August 20, 2004). 2513: 2511: 2456:Clifford Geertz's theory of religion 1301:and produced three books, including 2714:from the original on March 30, 2019 1511:-vorwelt-folgewelt" formulation of 1430:and remains influential in turning 16:American anthropologist (1926–2006) 13: 3328:20th-century American male writers 3041: 2763: 2751:from the original on July 31, 2012 2726: 2537:"CURRICULUM VITAE Clifford Geertz" 2354:1990. "History and Anthropology." 2325:. Includes the following studies: 2243:Local Knowledge: Further Essays in 1409:analysis of the Balinese cockfight 1146: 14: 3359: 3137: 3127:European Journal of Social Theory 2567: 2555:from the original on May 18, 2022 2519:Clifford Geertz by His Colleagues 2508: 1426:Geertz contributed to social and 1159:from 1943 to 1945. He received a 2545:Johannes Kepler UniversitĂ€t Linz 2212:, edited by D. Landy. New York: 2120:1967. "Under the Mosquito Net." 1621: 1342:professor. In 1973 he published 1261:; as well as awards such as the 1093: 333: 113: 3024: 2959: 2933: 2920: 2866: 2785: 2300:Tanner Lectures on Human Values 1974:Biennial Review of Anthropology 1922:https://doi.org/10.2307/4609997 1648: 109: 53:San Francisco, California, U.S. 3189:Geertz author page and archive 2856:The Interpretation of Cultures 2775:The Interpretation of Cultures 2745:Indiana University Bloomington 2696: 2666: 2636: 2616: 2589: 2528: 2483: 2194:University of New Mexico Press 2192:and H. A. Selby. Albuquerque: 2177:The Interpretation of Cultures 2090:New Views of the Nature of Man 1997:University of California Press 1897:Viewable at hypergeertz.jku.at 1824:1984. "Anti Anti-Relativism." 1751:The Interpretation of Cultures 1709:University of California Press 1533:The Interpretation of Cultures 1526:, Geertz became a champion of 1344:The Interpretation of Cultures 1271:American Philosophical Society 1023:Anthropologists by nationality 1: 3323:21st-century American writers 3318:20th-century American writers 3278:University of Chicago faculty 3150:and Gerhard Fröhlich, Austria 3056:A First Look At Communication 3051:New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2974:(4). Upper Saddle River, NJ: 2941:"Clifford Geertz 1926 - 2006" 2476: 2097:European Journal of Sociology 1893:Annual Review of Anthropology 1556:interpretative social science 1369: 1263:Association for Asian Studies 1214:, in a project funded by the 3194:The New York Review of Books 2024:Old Societies and New States 1485:ordinary language philosophy 1471:Geertz's often-cited essay " 1332:Institute for Advanced Study 1275:National Academy of Sciences 1137:Institute for Advanced Study 305:Institute for Advanced Study 253:Institute for Advanced Study 7: 3288:Anthropologists of religion 3088:Critical Historical Studies 2976:University of Chicago Press 2523:University of Chicago Press 2449: 2386:1994. "Life on the Edge" . 2344:"Margaret Mead, 1901-1978." 2008:University of Chicago Press 1660:Bibliography of major works 1403:Geertz conducted extensive 1280: 1273:, and of the United States 10: 3364: 3160:Big Ideas: Clifford Geertz 3144:HyperGeertz©WorldCatalogue 3073:The Structures of History. 3071:Lloyd, Christopher. 1993. 2905:December 21, 2014, at the 2741:Department of Anthropology 2584:Princeton University Press 2494:. MIT Press. p. 213. 2443:Princeton University Press 2428:Princeton University Press 2308:Cambridge University Press 2236:Princeton University Press 2225:Cambridge University Press 2077:edited by Michael Banton. 1793:Princeton University Press 1652: 1475:" is a classic example of 1251:honorary doctorate degrees 1043:List of indigenous peoples 2926:Geertz, Clifford. 1993 . 2596:Geertz, Clifford (1956). 2373:Yale Journal of Criticism 2323:Stanford University Press 2294:1986. Pp. 251–75 in 2248:. New York: Basic Books. 2246:Interpretive Anthropology 2172:. New York: Basic Books. 1979:Stanford University Press 1839:Stanford University Press 1597: 1542:interpretive anthropology 788:Cross-cultural comparison 294: 280: 262: 244: 239:Interpretive anthropology 230: 220: 215: 181: 171: 158: 132: 127: 123: 91: 77: 58: 39: 30: 23: 3303:Symbolic anthropologists 3116:History and Anthropology 3058:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2853:Geertz, Clifford. 1973. 2633:; retrieved May 31, 2011 2602:Harvard University Press 2578:Geertz, Clifford. 2001. 2490:Martin, Michael (1994). 2409:New York Review of Books 2401:Harvard University Press 2389:New York Review of Books 2312:University of Utah Press 2123:New York Review of Books 2115:Cornell University Press 2031:Ideology and Discontent, 1861:Harvard University Press 1377:New York Review of Books 960:Historical particularism 3210:March 10, 2013, at the 3021:. Man (N.S.) 18:237-59. 2968:The Journal of Religion 2890:April 12, 2020, at the 2881:Studies in Anthropology 2644:"Clifford James Geertz" 2412:42(19 November 30):4–6. 2279:American Anthropologist 2186:Meaning in Anthropology 2037:. New York: Free Press. 2019:. New York: Free Press. 1935:American Anthropologist 1928:American Anthropologist 1827:American Anthropologist 1308:Agricultural Involution 793:Participant observation 3308:Social anthropologists 3263:Antioch College alumni 3110:Bortolini, M. (2023). 2930:London: Fontana Press. 2909:on December 21, 2014. 2406:1995. "Culture War" . 2083:Tavistock Publications 1912: 1728:Tavistock Publications 1579: 1569: 1468: 1438:, such as culture and 1390:Life Among The Anthros 935:Cross-cultural studies 311: 3283:American rhetoricians 3082:Isaac, Joel (2018). " 2629:May 17, 2008, at the 2296:The Uses of Diversity 2111:Villages in Indonesia 2055:Pp. 20157 11 in 1986:Theories of the Mind, 1910: 1903:Complete bibliography 1863:(1996, revised ed.). 1574: 1564: 1562:” concept of culture: 1528:symbolic anthropology 1524:University of Chicago 1466: 1352:symbolic anthropology 1348:Myth, Symbol, Culture 1336:Princeton, New Jersey 1287:University of Chicago 1259:University of Chicago 1129:symbolic anthropology 1089:Clifford James Geertz 309:Princeton, New Jersey 303: 257:Princeton, New Jersey 249:University of Chicago 235:Symbolic anthropology 3156:, alanmacfarlane.com 3017:Asad, Talal (1983). 2898:. 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Index


Philadelphia
Thick description
Epochalism
Hildred Geertz
Alma mater
Antioch College
BA
Harvard University
PhD
Thesis
Talcott Parsons
Talcott Parsons
Gilbert Ryle
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Max Weber
Paul Ricoeur
Alfred SchĂŒtz
Susanne Langer
Anthropology
Symbolic anthropology
Interpretive anthropology
University of Chicago
Institute for Advanced Study
Princeton, New Jersey
Lawrence Rosen
Sherry Ortner
Paul Rabinow
Stephen Greenblatt
Quentin Skinner

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