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393:"Hydrogen atoms are ubiquitous in all biological materials and in many other inorganic materials," he once said, "but you couldn't see them with other techniques. With neutrons it turned out that that was completely different, and we were very pleased and happy to find that we could learn things about hydrogen-containing structures."
396:
As he refined the scattering technique, Professor Shull studied the fundamental properties of the neutron itself. He also initiated the first neutron diffraction investigations of magnetic materials. ... "If there is a ... 'Father of
Neutron Scattering' in the United States, it is Professor Shull,"
369:
When a beam of neutrons is directed at a given material, the neutrons bounce off, or are scattered by, atoms in the sample being investigated. The neutrons' directions change, depending on the location of the atoms they hit, and a diffraction pattern of the atoms' positions can then be obtained.
380:. At that time, he said, "Scientists at Oak Ridge were very anxious to find real honest-to-goodness scientific uses for the information and technology that had been developed during the war at Oak Ridge and at other places associated with the wartime Manhattan Project."
373:"Then we can think of how we can make better window glass, better semiconductors, better microphones. All of these things go back to understanding the basic science behind their operation," Professor Shull, then 79, said on the day of the Nobel announcement. ...
400:
Professor Shull came to MIT as a full professor in 1955 and retired in 1986, though he continued to visit and to "look over the shoulders" of students doing experiments in the "remnants of my old research laboratory."
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500:"Carnegie Mellon University Receives Nobel Laureate Clifford Shull Papers Grant and Additional Gift Will Make the Collection Available to Researchers"
390:
In
Professor Shull's opinion the most important problem he worked on at the time dealt with determining the positions of hydrogen atoms in materials.
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387:, and for the next nine years they explored ways of using the neutrons produced by nuclear reactors to probe the atomic structure of materials.
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Understanding where atoms are in a material and how they interact with one another is the key to understanding a material's properties.
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Professor Shull shared the 1994 Nobel Prize with
Professor Bertram S. Brockhouse of McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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for his "development and application of neutron diffraction methods for studies of atomic and magnetic structures of solids."'
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366:, a technique that reveals where atoms are within a material like ricocheting bullets reveal where obstacles are in the dark.
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516:, The Tech-Online Edition. Vol. 114, no. 68, Feb. 7, 1995: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
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626:"Low Temperature and Neutron Physics Studies: Final Progress Report, March 1, 1986--May 31, 1987"
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572:"The Crystal Structure of Thorium and Zirconium Dihydrides by X-ray and Neutron Diffraction"
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595:"Polarized Neutron Studies on Antiferromagnetic Single Crystals: Technical Report No. 4"
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wrote
Anthony Nunes ..., professor of physics at the University of Rhode Island. ...
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654:"Clifford G. Shull, co-winner of 1994 Nobel Prize in physics, is dead at 85"
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during the wartime, followed by a position in the
Clinton Laboratory (
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660:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2001-04-02. Archived from
482:, 1994, which he shared with Canadian physicist Bertram Brockhouse.
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362:. Professor Shull's prize was awarded for his pioneering work in
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Massachusetts
Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
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Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
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Nathans, R., Riste, T., Shirane, G. & C.G. Shull.
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Full-text digital archive of
Clifford G. Shull papers
507:"Shull wins Physics Nobel for work done 40 years ago"
354:. The two won the prize for the development of the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
520:"Oak Ridge Pays Tribute to its Nobel Prize Winner"
3482:Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize winners
3413:
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696:including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1994
570:Rundle, R.E., Shull, C.G. & E.O. Wollan.
551:Shull, C.G., Wollan, E.O. & M.C. Marney.
533:The Clifford G. Shull Prize in Neutron Physics
502:, (Mar. 12, 2004): Carnegie Mellon University.
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535:, The Neutron Scattering Society of America.
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730:
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437:Shull's Personal Awards, Honors and Prizes
338:He died on March 31, 2001, at the age 85.
142:
358:technique. He also conducted research on
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3452:Fellows of the American Physical Society
228:Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize
698:Early Development of Neutron Scattering
619:Air Force Office of Scientific Research
346:Clifford G. Shull was awarded the 1994
14:
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630:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
599:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
455:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
414:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
404:Professor Shull's awards include the
3477:Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
3394:
2734:Phase transformation crystallography
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3241:Journal of Chemical Crystallography
2507:
376:He started in 1946 at what is now
24:
646:
634:United States Department of Energy
607:United States Department of Energy
584:United States Department of Energy
561:United States Department of Energy
488:, in Antarctica named in his honor
291:– March 31, 2001) was an American
25:
3503:
3447:Carnegie Mellon University alumni
681:
473:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
422:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
3432:20th-century American physicists
3393:
3382:
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2988:
609:(through predecessor agency the
586:(through predecessor agency the
563:(through predecessor agency the
541:, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
522:, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
420:(1975). In 1993 he received the
313:Carnegie Institute of Technology
204:Carnegie Institute of Technology
34:
545:
383:Professor Shull teamed up with
45:needs additional citations for
3183:Bilbao Crystallographic Server
603:Brookhaven National Laboratory
335:in 1955, and retired in 1986.
27:American physicist (1915–2001)
13:
1:
640:
580:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
557:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
553:"Neutron Diffraction Studies"
493:Press Releases Honoring Shull
412:in 1956, and election to the
408:, which he received from the
378:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
329:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
539:Clifford G. Shull Fellowship
462:National Academy of Sciences
418:National Academy of Sciences
298:
7:
3487:Schenley High School alumni
3442:American nuclear physicists
3231:Crystal Growth & Design
2523:Timeline of crystallography
341:
10:
3508:
3492:Scientists from Pittsburgh
3472:Nobel laureates in Physics
3467:New York University alumni
3042:Nuclear magnetic resonance
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3246:Journal of Crystal Growth
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621:(AFOSR), (Nov. 26, 1958).
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410:American Physical Society
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3437:American Nobel laureates
3112:Single particle analysis
2970:Hermann–Mauguin notation
615:National Security Agency
611:Atomic Energy Commission
588:Atomic Energy Commission
565:Atomic Energy Commission
527:Prizes in Honor of Shull
289:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
168:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3236:Crystallography Reviews
3080:Isomorphous replacement
2874:Lomer–Cottrell junction
2340:Clifford Glenwood Shull
2268:(United States/Hungary)
444:Oliver E. Buckley Prize
311:, received his BS from
287:(September 23, 1915 in
285:Clifford Glenwood Shull
2749:Spinodal decomposition
2411:Nobel Prize recipients
2351:Physiology or Medicine
743:Nobel Prize in Physics
480:Nobel Prize in Physics
348:Nobel Prize in Physics
331:), and finally joined
240:Nobel Prize in Physics
186:Medford, Massachusetts
3289:Gregori Aminoff Prize
3085:Molecular replacement
505:Stevenson, Daniel C.
469:Gregori Aminoff Prize
426:Gregori Aminoff prize
234:Gregori Aminoff Prize
2595:Structure prediction
305:Schenley High School
54:improve this article
2859:Cottrell atmosphere
2839:Partial dislocation
2583:Restriction theorem
590:), (Apr. 20, 1951).
567:), (Oct. 22, 1948).
317:New York University
206:New York University
3279:Carl Hermann Medal
3090:Molecular dynamics
2937:Defects in diamond
2932:Stone–Wales defect
2578:Reciprocal lattice
2540:Biocrystallography
2334:Bertram Brockhouse
2266:George Andrew Olah
690:on Nobelprize.org
636:, (July 27, 1989).
512:2012-05-27 at the
416:(1956) and to the
364:neutron scattering
356:neutron scattering
352:Bertram Brockhouse
215:Neutron scattering
164:September 23, 1915
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2980:Thermal ellipsoid
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2854:Frank–Read source
2814:
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2680:Aperiodic crystal
2646:
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2528:Crystallographers
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2376:Economic Sciences
2216:
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498:Carroll, Cindy.
321:The Texas Company
282:
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251:Scientific career
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18:Clifford G. Shull
16:(Redirected from
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3251:Kristallografija
3105:Gerchberg–Saxton
3000:Characterisation
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2975:Structure factor
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2764:Ostwald ripening
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2390:John Forbes Nash
2359:Alfred G. Gilman
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325:Beacon, New York
319:. He worked for
268:Doctoral advisor
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69:"Clifford Shull"
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2717:Miscibility gap
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2509:Crystallography
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2396:Reinhard Selten
2392:(United States)
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514:Wayback Machine
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460:Elected to the
453:Elected to the
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3075:Direct methods
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2898:Bjerrum defect
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2864:Peierls stress
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688:Clifford Shull
683:
682:External links
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182:(aged 85)
178:March 31, 2001
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2908:Wigner effect
2906:
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2893:Interstitials
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2739:Precipitation
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2707:Phase diagram
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2384:John Harsanyi
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1790:R. Richardson
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1095:G. P. Thomson
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847:Van der Waals
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811:J. J. Thomson
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664:on 2012-05-22
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415:
411:
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406:Buckley Prize
402:
398:
394:
391:
388:
386:
385:Ernest Wollan
381:
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374:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
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336:
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330:
326:
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318:
315:and PhD from
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148:Shull in 1994
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88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3398:
3386:
3331:Associations
3299:Organisation
2791:Disclination
2722:Polymorphism
2685:Quasicrystal
2628:Orthorhombic
2568:Miller index
2516:Key concepts
2441:
2339:
2309:Shimon Peres
2286:KenzaburĹŤ ĹŚe
1761:
1646:von Klitzing
1638:Van der Meer
697:
672:
666:. Retrieved
662:the original
657:
648:
624:Shull, C.G.
546:Publications
478:Awarded the
467:Awarded the
442:Awarded the
403:
399:
395:
392:
389:
382:
375:
372:
368:
345:
337:
302:
284:
283:
250:
180:(2001-03-31)
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3427:2001 deaths
3422:1915 births
3284:Ewald Prize
3052:Diffraction
3030:Diffraction
3013:Diffraction
2955:Bragg plane
2950:Bragg's law
2829:Dislocation
2744:Segregation
2656:Crystallite
2573:Point group
2305:(Palestine)
2251:Nobel Prize
1690:Steinberger
1606:K. Siegbahn
1598:Bloembergen
1319:Chamberlain
1052:Schrödinger
962:M. Siegbahn
891:W. H. Bragg
887:W. L. Bragg
486:Shull Rocks
193:Nationality
3416:Categories
3068:Algorithms
3057:Scattering
3035:Scattering
3018:Scattering
2886:Slip bands
2849:Cross slip
2699:transition
2633:Tetragonal
2623:Monoclinic
2535:Metallurgy
2275:Literature
2207:L'Huillier
2171:Hasselmann
2127:Strickland
2095:Kosterlitz
2019:Perlmutter
1758:Brockhouse
1463:Schrieffer
1335:Hofstadter
1287:C. N. Yang
1044:Heisenberg
1021:De Broglie
668:2010-12-27
641:References
309:Pittsburgh
160:1915-09-23
110:March 2013
80:newspapers
3175:Databases
2638:Triclinic
2618:Hexagonal
2558:Unit cell
2550:Structure
2398:(Germany)
2260:Chemistry
2253:laureates
2191:Zeilinger
2011:Novoselov
1979:Kobayashi
1903:Abrikosov
1750:J. Taylor
1730:de Gennes
1722:R. Taylor
1614:K. Wilson
1562:R. Wilson
1546:Van Vleck
1517:1976–2000
1507:Rainwater
1503:Mottelson
1479:Josephson
1427:Gell-Mann
1391:Schwinger
1379:Prokhorov
1339:Mössbauer
1299:Cherenkov
1291:T. D. Lee
1215:Cockcroft
1206:1951–1975
1005:C. Wilson
984:1926–1950
930:Guillaume
819:Michelson
779:Becquerel
750:1901–1925
739:Laureates
299:Biography
293:physicist
3388:Category
3223:Journals
3155:OctaDist
3150:JANA2020
3122:Software
3008:Electron
2925:F-center
2712:Eutectic
2673:Fiveling
2668:Twinning
2661:Equiaxed
2336:(Canada)
2317:(Israel)
2199:Agostini
2087:Thouless
2079:McDonald
2067:Nakamura
2035:Wineland
1967:GrĂĽnberg
1923:Politzer
1907:Ginzburg
1895:Giacconi
1875:Ketterle
1830:'t Hooft
1814:Laughlin
1806:Phillips
1786:Osheroff
1714:Friedman
1686:Schwartz
1682:Lederman
1602:Schawlow
1578:Weinberg
1387:Tomonaga
1279:Brattain
1271:Shockley
1180:Blackett
1172:Appleton
1164:Bridgman
1111:Lawrence
1091:Davisson
1071:Chadwick
954:Millikan
938:Einstein
827:Lippmann
795:Rayleigh
787:M. Curie
783:P. Curie
658:MIT-News
582:(ORNL),
559:(ORNL),
510:Archived
342:Research
196:American
3400:Commons
3348:Germany
3025:Neutron
2915:Vacancy
2774:Defects
2759:GP-zone
2605:Systems
2326:Physics
2288:(Japan)
2187:Clauser
2151:Penrose
2135:Peebles
2091:Haldane
2059:Akasaki
2047:Englert
2039:Haroche
2023:Schmidt
1983:Maskawa
1935:Glauber
1927:Wilczek
1911:Leggett
1891:Koshiba
1871:Cornell
1862:present
1846:Kroemer
1842:Alferov
1834:Veltman
1818:Störmer
1738:Charpak
1718:Kendall
1702:Dehmelt
1670:Bednorz
1570:Glashow
1558:Penzias
1554:Kapitsa
1526:Richter
1499:A. Bohr
1475:Giaever
1455:Bardeen
1419:Alvarez
1403:Kastler
1395:Feynman
1275:Bardeen
1239:Zernike
1231:Purcell
1001:Compton
946:N. Bohr
835:Marconi
767:Lorentz
759:Röntgen
741:of the
632:(MIT),
617:(NSA),
601:(MIT),
261:Physics
94:scholar
3343:France
3338:Europe
3271:Awards
2801:Growth
2651:Growth
2203:Krausz
2197:2023:
2183:Aspect
2181:2022:
2175:Manabe
2167:Parisi
2165:2021:
2155:Genzel
2149:2020:
2143:Queloz
2133:2019:
2123:Mourou
2119:Ashkin
2117:2018:
2111:Thorne
2107:Barish
2101:2017:
2085:2016:
2075:Kajita
2073:2015:
2057:2014:
2045:2013:
2033:2012:
2017:2011:
2005:2010:
1989:2009:
1973:2008:
1961:2007:
1951:Mather
1949:2006:
1943:Hänsch
1933:2005:
1917:2004:
1901:2003:
1885:2002:
1879:Wieman
1869:2001:
1840:2000:
1828:1999:
1812:1998:
1796:1997:
1782:D. Lee
1780:1996:
1774:Reines
1768:1995:
1756:1994:
1744:1993:
1736:1992:
1728:1991:
1712:1990:
1698:Ramsey
1696:1989:
1680:1988:
1674:MĂĽller
1668:1987:
1662:Rohrer
1658:Binnig
1652:1986:
1644:1985:
1634:Rubbia
1632:1984:
1626:Fowler
1620:1983:
1612:1982:
1596:1981:
1586:Cronin
1584:1980:
1568:1979:
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1536:1977:
1524:1976:
1497:1975:
1491:Hewish
1485:1974:
1469:1973:
1459:Cooper
1453:1972:
1445:1971:
1435:Alfvén
1433:1970:
1425:1969:
1417:1968:
1409:1967:
1401:1966:
1385:1965:
1371:Townes
1369:1964:
1363:Jensen
1355:Wigner
1353:1963:
1347:Landau
1345:1962:
1333:1961:
1327:Glaser
1325:1960:
1313:1959:
1297:1958:
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1196:Powell
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1188:Yukawa
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1011:1928:
999:1927:
993:Perrin
991:1926:
970:Franck
968:1925:
960:1924:
952:1923:
944:1922:
936:1921:
928:1920:
920:1919:
914:Planck
912:1918:
906:Barkla
904:1917:
885:1915:
877:1914:
869:1913:
861:1912:
853:1911:
845:1910:
833:1909:
825:1908:
817:1907:
809:1906:
803:Lenard
801:1905:
793:1904:
777:1903:
771:Zeeman
765:1902:
757:1901:
475:, 1993
464:, 1975
457:, 1956
450:, 1956
432:Honors
257:Fields
242:(1994)
236:(1993)
230:(1956)
221:Awards
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3365:Japan
3312:IOBCr
3165:SHELX
3160:Olex2
3047:X-ray
2697:Phase
2613:Cubic
2442:1994
2295:Peace
2249:1994
2139:Mayor
2103:Weiss
2063:Amano
2051:Higgs
2027:Riess
1999:Smith
1995:Boyle
1975:Nambu
1955:Smoot
1919:Gross
1887:Davis
1860:2001–
1850:Kilby
1762:Shull
1746:Hulse
1654:Ruska
1590:Fitch
1574:Salam
1471:Esaki
1447:Gabor
1411:Bethe
1375:Basov
1315:Segrè
1303:Frank
1263:Kusch
1251:Bothe
1227:Bloch
1156:Pauli
1140:Stern
1103:Fermi
1056:Dirac
1029:Raman
974:Hertz
922:Stark
863:Dalén
839:Braun
101:JSTOR
87:books
3307:IUCr
3208:ICDD
3203:ICSD
3188:CCDC
3135:Coot
3130:CCP4
2881:Slip
2844:Kink
2467:1999
2462:1998
2457:1997
2452:1996
2447:1995
2437:1993
2432:1992
2427:1991
2422:1990
2417:1989
2279:1994
2159:Ghez
2007:Geim
1963:Fert
1939:Hall
1822:Tsui
1770:Perl
1706:Paul
1542:Mott
1530:Ting
1487:Ryle
1439:NĂ©el
1307:Tamm
1259:Lamb
1247:Born
1148:Rabi
1132:1942
1125:1941
1118:1940
1079:Hess
1063:1934
1036:1931
898:1916
879:Laue
855:Wien
175:Died
154:Born
73:news
3322:DMG
3317:RAS
3213:PDB
3198:COD
3193:CIF
3145:DSR
2869:GND
2796:CSL
1991:Kao
1798:Chu
613:),
333:MIT
323:at
307:in
56:by
3418::
3360:US
3353:UK
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