570:, Excel 2013, parts of Outlook 2013 stopped using ClearType and switched to this DirectWrite greyscale antialiasing. The reasons invoked are, in the words of Murray Sargent: "There is a problem with ClearType: it depends critically on the color of the background pixels. This isn’t a problem if you know a priori that those pixels are white, which is usually the case for text. But the general case involves calculating what the colors should be for an arbitrary background and that takes time. Meanwhile, Word 2013 enjoys cool animations and smooth zooming. Nothing jumps any more. Even the caret (the blinking vertical line at the text insertion point) glides from one position to the next as you type. Jerking movement just isn’t considered cool any more. Well animations and zooms have to be faster than human response times in order to appear smooth. And that rules out ClearType in animated scenarios at least with present generation hardware. And in future scenarios, screens will have sufficiently high resolution that gray-scale
529:), and RGB blending (ClearType's sub-pixel color calculations), entirely in hardware. This means that only the original glyphs need to be stored in video memory once per font (Microsoft estimates that this would require 2 MB of video memory per font), and other operations such as the display of anti-aliased text on top of other graphics – including video – can also be done with no computation effort on the part of the CPU. DirectX 9 cards will only be able to cache the alpha-blended glyphs in memory, thus requiring the CPU to handle glyph composition and alpha-blending before passing this to the video card. Caching these partially rendered glyphs requires significantly more memory (Microsoft estimates 5 MB per process). Cards that don't support DirectX 9 have no hardware-accelerated text rendering capabilities.
181:): "There is also considerable variation between individuals in their sensitivity to color fringing. Some people just notice it and are bothered by it a lot more than others." Software developer Melissa Elliott has written about finding ClearType rendering uncomfortable to read, saying that "instead of seeing black text, I see blue text, and rendered over it but offset by a pixel or two, I see orange text, and someone reached into a bag of purple pixel glitter and just tossed it on...I’m not the only person in the world with this problem, and yet, every time it comes up, people are quick to assure me it works for them as if that’s supposed to make me feel better."
238:
professor at
Clemson University, in South Carolina, measured a 17 percent improvement in word recognition accuracy with ClearType. Gugerty’s group also showed, in a sentence comprehension study, that ClearType boosted reading speed by 5 percent and comprehension by 2 percent. Similarly, in a study published in 2007, psychologist Andrew Dillon at the University of Texas at Austin found that when subjects were asked to scan a spreadsheet and pick out certain information, they did those tasks 7 percent faster with ClearType."
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continuous text at 96 dpi (e.g. Times Reader, etc.) but not in UI scenarios. Many people are fine with the colors of ClearType, even at 96 dpi, but a few aren’t… To my eyes and at 96 dpi, Method C doesn’t read as well as Method A. It reads “blurrily” to me. Conversely, at 144 dpi, I don't see a problem with Method C. It looks and reads just fine to me." One illustration of the potential problem is the following image:
230:
for the majority of computer users today). Additionally, over one third of the study participants experienced some disadvantage when using ClearType. Whether ClearType, or other rendering, should be used is very subjective and it must be the choice of the individual, with the report recommending "to allow users to disable if they find it produces effects other than improved performance".
31:
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pixels are permanently fixed by the design of the screen itself. Almost all flat panels have a perfectly rectangular array of square pixels, each of which contains three rectangular subpixels in the three primary colors, with the normal ordering being red, green, and blue, arranged in vertical bands. ClearType assumes this arrangement of pixels when rendering text.
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original colored ClearType subpixel rendering was tuned to work optimally with horizontal orientation LCD displays where RGB or BGR stripes run vertically. For these reasons, DirectWrite which is the next-generation text rendering API from
Microsoft moved away from color-aware ClearType. The font rendering engine in
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As pixel densities of displays improved and more high DPI screens became available, colored subpixel rendering became less of a necessity according to
Microsoft. Also Windows tablet user interfaces evolved to support vertical screen orientations where the LCD color stripes would run horizontally. The
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If a display does not have the type of fixed pixels that ClearType expects, text rendered with ClearType enabled actually looks worse than type rendered without it. Some flat panels have unusual pixel arrangements, with the colors in a different order, or with the subpixels positioned differently (in
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ClearType and allied technologies require display hardware with fixed pixels and subpixels. More precisely, the positions of the pixels and subpixels on the screen must be exactly known to the computer to which it is connected. This is the case for flat-panel displays, on which the positions of the
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and later allow tuning of the ClearType parameters in
Control Panel. A Microsoft ClearType tuner utility is available for free download for Windows versions lacking this facility. If ClearType is disabled in the operating system, applications with their own ClearType controls can still support it.
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According to a 2006 study, at the
University of Texas at Austin by Dillon et al., ClearType "may not be universally beneficial". The study notes that maximum benefit may be seen when the information worker is spending large proportions of their time reading text (which is not necessarily the case
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article, Microsoft acknowledges that "xt that is rendered with ClearType can also appear significantly different when viewed by individuals with varying levels of color sensitivity. Some individuals can detect slight differences in color better than others." This opinion is shared by font designer
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For the same reasons related to animation performance and vertical screen orientations where the colored RGB/BGR ClearType antialiasing would be a problem, the color-aware version of ClearType was abandoned in Metro-style apps platform of
Windows 8 (and Universal Windows Platform of Windows 10).,
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is anti-aliased and rendered using ClearType. There are separate ClearType registry settings for GDI and WPF applications, but by default the WPF entries are absent, and the GDI values are used in their absence. WPF registry entries can be tuned using the instructions from the MSDN WPF Text Blog.
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at the subpixel level to reduce visible artifacts on such displays when text is rendered, making the text appear "smoother" and less jagged. ClearType also uses very heavy font hinting to force the font to fit into the pixel grid. This increases edge contrast and readability of small fonts at the
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A 2007 survey, of the literature by
Microsoft researcher Kevin Larson presented a different picture: "Peer-reviewed studies have consistently found that using ClearType boosts reading performance compared with other text-rendering systems. In a 2004 study, for instance, Lee Gugerty, a psychology
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on "18 users who spent 60 minutes reading fiction from each of three different displays" found that "When reading from an LCD display, users preferred text rendered with ClearType. ClearType also yielded higher readability judgments and lower ratings of mental fatigue." A 2002 study on 24 users
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Another 2007 empirical study, found that "while ClearType rendering does not improve text legibility, reading speed or comfort compared to perceptually-tuned grayscale rendering, subjects prefer text with moderate ClearType rendering to text with grayscale or higher-level ClearType contrast."
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uses method C , but few display devices have a sufficiently high resolution to make the potential blur a moot point for everybody. . . . Some people are ok with the blur in Method C, some aren’t. Anecdotal evidence suggests that some people are fine with Method C when reading
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In the above block of text, the same portion of text is shown in the upper half without and in the lower half with ClearType rendering (as opposed to
Standard and ClearType in the previous image). This and the previous example with the orange circle demonstrate the blurring introduced.
201:
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Computer displays where the positions of individual pixels are permanently fixed – such as most modern flat panel displays – can show saw-tooth edges when displaying small, high-contrast graphic elements, such as text. ClearType uses spatial
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displays (which were still prevalent at the time of the release of
Windows XP, which is why ClearType is disabled by default), however it will still have some antialiasing effect and may be preferable to some users as compared to non-anti-aliased type.
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ClearType does not work properly with flat-panel displays that are operated at resolutions other than their “native” resolutions, since only the native resolution corresponds exactly to the actual positions of pixels on the screen of the display.
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but is often referred to simply as DirectWrite rendering (with the term "ClearType" being designated to only the RGB/BGR color subpixel rendering version). The improvements have been confirmed by independent sources, such as
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conducted by the same researchers from
Clemson University also found that "Participants were significantly more accurate at identifying words with ClearType than without ClearType."
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applications. A control panel applet is available to let the users tune the GDI ClearType settings. The GDI implementation of ClearType does not support sub-pixel positioning.
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10 cards will be able to cache the font glyphs in video memory, then perform the composition (assembling of character glyphs in the correct order, with the correct spacing),
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supported. Using ClearType on these display configurations will actually reduce the display quality. The best option for users of Windows XP having rotated LCD displays (
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ClearType was invented in the Microsoft e-Books team by Bert Keely and Greg Hitchcock. It was then analyzed by researchers in the company, and signal processing expert
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Color-aware ClearType requires access to fixed background pixels, which is a problem if you don’t know what the background pixels are, or if they aren’t fixed
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Only user and system applications render the application of ClearType. ClearType does not alter other graphic display elements (including text already in
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152:, a vice president at Microsoft from 1997 to 2004, complained that the company was slow in moving ClearType to market in the portable computing field.
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513:. WPF supports aggressive caching of pre-rendered ClearType text in video memory. The extent to which this is supported is dependent on the
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Tyrrell, Richard A. (2001). "47.4: Empirical Evaluation of User Responses to Reading Text Rendered Using ClearType Technologies".
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ClearType and similar technologies work on the theory that variations in intensity are more noticeable than variations in color.
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Like most other types of subpixel rendering, ClearType involves a compromise, sacrificing one aspect of image quality (color or
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http://www.pacificu.edu/vpi/publications/documents/ClearTypesub-pixeltextrenderingPreferencelegibilityandreadingperformance.pdf
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line, respectively, while 3 and 4 are the same lines enlarged. 5 shows how the ClearType line is rendered on a subpixel level.
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sub pixel structures; rotated displays, in which the subpixels are stacked vertically rather than arranged horizontally, are
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Betrisey, C., Blinn, J. F., Dresevic, B., Hill, B., Hitchcock, G., Keely, B., Mitchell, D. P., Platt, J. C., Whitted, T., "
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tablets. ClearType HD Display indicates a 1366Ă—768 screen, while ClearType Full HD Display indicates a 1920Ă—1080 screen.
107:
expense of font rendering fidelity and has been criticized by graphic designers for making different fonts look similar.
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Methods apparatus and data structures for enhancing the resolution of images to be rendered on patterned display devices
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three horizontal bands, or in other ways). ClearType needs to be manually tuned for use with such displays (see below).
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screens by sacrificing color fidelity for additional intensity variation. This trade-off is asserted to work well on
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Betrisey et al., "Displaced Filtering for Patterned Displays", Proc. Society for Information Display Symposium, 2000
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Method and apparatus for improving the quality of displayed images through the use of user reference information
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detail). The compromise can improve text appearance when luminance detail is more important than chrominance.
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Sheedy, Jim (2008). "ClearType sub-pixel text rendering: Preference, legibility and reading performance".
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Hinting expert Beat Stamm, who worked on ClearType at Microsoft, agrees that ClearType may look blurry at
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exhibition. The technology was first introduced in software in January 2000 as an always-on feature of
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1102:. CHI ’06: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems, 503-511.
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ClearType will not work as intended on displays that have no fixed pixel positions, such as
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http://scien.stanford.edu/jfsite/Papers/ImageRendering/Displays/Farrell_et_al_SID2009.pdf
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Filtering image data to obtain samples mapped to pixel sub-components of a display device
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Filtering image data to obtain samples mapped to pixel sub-components of a display device
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Text without rendering (upper portion) and text with ClearType rendering (lower portion)
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1198:"Tablets and cleartype, and a requested feature of Avalon at Brandon Furtwangler blog"
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Visual search and reading tasks using ClearType and regular displays: two experiments
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ClearType in WPF supports sub-pixel positioning, natural advance widths, Y-direction
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Maintaining advance widths of existing characters that have been resolution enhanced
345:: Only used in Win32 apps and Win32 system features, not Universal Windows Platform.
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is not. In theory, the method (called "RGB Decimation" internally) can enhance the
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Weighted mapping of image data samples to pixel sub-components on a display device
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Mapping samples of foreground/background color image data to pixel sub-components
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Methods and apparatus for performing image rendering and rasterization operations
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including the Start menu and everything not using classic Win32 APIs (GDI/GDI+).
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system. ClearType attempts to improve the appearance of text on certain types of
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2005:
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1645:", Proc. Society for Information Display Symposium, pp. 296–299, (2000).
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Mapping image data samples to pixel sub-components on a striped display device
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As part of the Vista release, Microsoft released a set of fonts, known as the
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1995:
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1622:– Beat Stamm's online book about rasterization, with an emphasis on ClearType
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103:
1691:”, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, October 2008.ClearType
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2015:
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Farrell, Joyce (2009). "47.2: Visual Preference for ClearType Technology".
476:, as supplied, allow ClearType to be turned on or off, with no adjustment;
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in 2008, but adds that higher resolution displays improve on this aspect: "
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Because ClearType utilizes the physical layout of the red, green and blue
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MSDN Library : .NET Development : WPF : ClearType Overview
1264:
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Method and apparatus for detecting and reducing color artifacts in images
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states that ClearType for rotated screens is supported on that platform.
112:
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Methods and apparatus for performing grid fitting and hinting operations
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of the LCD screen, it is sensitive to the orientation of the display.
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developers; they were particularly noticeable for OpenType fonts in
129:). For example, ClearType enhancement renders text on the screen in
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2858:
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2020:
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Prediction of preferred Cleartype filters using the S-CIELAB metric
1269:"Microsoft's ClearType Font Collection: A Fair and Balanced Review"
779:
774:
407:
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93:
displays after 2012, subpixel rendering has become less necessary.
1554:"ClearType Patents, FreeType and the Unix Desktop: an explanation"
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Dillon, A., Kleinman, L., Choi, G. O., & Bias, R. (2006).
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supports a different version of ClearType with only greyscale
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ClearType was significantly changed with the introduction of
34:
1 and 2 depict standard renderings of a ClearType and purely
1394:
1014:. The Raster Tragedy at Low-Resolution Revisited. 2011-03-14
756:
The ClearType name was also used to refer to the screens of
133:, but text placed in a bitmapped image in a program such as
2922:
2596:
2415:
2378:
889:
Windows Presentation Foundation ClearType Registry Settings
169:
50:
1522:"Microsoft Intellectual Property and Licensing: ClearType"
1292:
868:", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 7(7), 2000, pp. 179-180
2840:
590:
and Microsoft claims protection under the following U.S.
283:
189:
58:
428:
Fonts included by some, but not always part of the set:
1687:
Xu, J., Farrell, J., Matskewich, T., and Wandell, B. “
608:
Method and apparatus for displaying images such as text
1304:. Ascender Corporation. pp. 16–17. Archived from
1367:
Tips for improving your WPF text rendering experience
983:"Dpi: Definition and additional resources from ZDNet"
339:: Only used in Windows 8 Desktop and all desktop apps
266:
1632:
Microsoft's Cleartype Sets Off Debate on Originality
751:
75:, which was released to the public in August 2000.
1589:
Microsoft's Major Announcement in LA - We're There!
546:, not color subpixel rendering, as demonstrated at
67:ClearType was first announced at the November 1998
1603:Microsoft ClearType - Typography | Microsoft Learn
1330:Windows Presentation Foundation ClearType Overview
461:ClearType can be globally enabled or disabled for
388:, thought to work well with the ClearType system:
1250:Now Read This: the Microsoft ClearType Collection
372:ClearType is also an integrated component of the
3481:
1740:
1626:Ron Feigenblatt's remarks on Microsoft ClearType
932:
148:designed an improved version of the algorithm.
1236:ClearType takes a back seat for Windows 8 Metro
298:or swivel-stand LCD displays) is using regular
1620:The Raster Tragedy at Low-Resolution Revisited
1545:
302:, or switching off font-smoothing altogether.
1726:
1706:Engineering Changes to ClearType in Windows 7
155:
1551:
1397:"PC18: Introducing Direct2D and DirectWrite"
1231:
1229:
829:
379:
217:A 2001 study, conducted by researchers from
1395:Kam VedBrat, Leonardo Blanco (2008-10-28).
1388:
1240:
532:
3463:
1733:
1719:
1643:Displaced Filtering for Patterned Displays
1614:Technical Overview of ClearType Filtering
1226:
901:"Thomas W. Phinney II | Adobe Fonts"
305:The software developer documentation for
1658:SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers
1425:"Font Rendering: GDI versus DirectWrite"
1059:SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers
866:Optimal Filtering for Patterned Displays
29:
1655:
1056:
832:"The Ails Of Typographic Anti-Aliasing"
550:2008. This version is sometimes called
241:
116:detail) for another (light and dark or
14:
3482:
1462:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1342:"Microsoft's ClearType Tuner PowerToy"
1111:
27:Font-rendering technology by Microsoft
3340:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
1714:
1295:"Microsoft ClearType Font Collection"
1246:
830:Giannattasio, Tom (2 November 2009).
188:, which was a typical resolution for
1578:Inside Microsoft's Surface RT Tablet
1514:
1484:
212:
89:With the increasing availability of
2469:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
1490:
1293:Microsoft Corporation (2006–2007).
1160:
938:
823:
492:
468:
456:
24:
2800:User Interface Privilege Isolation
1263:
812:. Microsoft Typography. 2000-01-26
707:Subpixel font hinting and layout:
312:
267:Sensitivity to display orientation
199:
49:technology in rendering text in a
45:is Microsoft's implementation of
25:
3516:
1596:
1478:"Microsoft DirectWrite is Coming"
1411:"Archived MSDN and TechNet Blogs"
752:Other uses of the ClearType brand
163:
3462:
3452:
3451:
878:Microsoft’s Creative Destruction
810:"First ClearType screens posted"
566:Many Office 2013 apps including
2529:Remote Differential Compression
1582:
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1503:
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1417:
1403:
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1371:
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782:– a similar technology by Adobe
499:Windows Presentation Foundation
489:) has its own ClearType tuner.
374:Windows Presentation Foundation
3385:Windows System Assessment Tool
1253:. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corp.
1174:. 19 July 2009. Archived from
907:
893:
882:
871:
858:
849:
802:
223:The University of Pennsylvania
173:Thomas Phinney (former CEO of
13:
1:
796:
96:
3505:Computer graphics algorithms
2674:Open XML Paper Specification
2534:Remote Installation Services
1742:Microsoft Windows components
1222:Working with ClearType Fonts
1126:10.1016/j.displa.2007.09.016
1033:"ClearType, in XP and Vista"
915:"ClearType, in XP and Vista"
7:
2826:Windows Subsystem for Linux
2785:Mandatory Integrity Control
2539:Windows Deployment Services
2336:Wireless Zero Configuration
1552:David Turner (2007-06-01).
1035:. Typophile. Archived from
1012:"Fractional Advance Widths"
917:. Typophile. Archived from
763:
10:
3521:
2928:Universal Windows Platform
2634:Kernel Transaction Manager
2619:Hardware Abstraction Layer
2316:Multimedia Class Scheduler
581:
156:Human vision and cognition
3500:ClearType Font Collection
3447:
3407:
3380:Windows Services for UNIX
3302:
3071:
2990:
2983:
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2839:
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2765:Data Execution Prevention
2737:
2614:Graphics Device Interface
2562:
2504:Network Access Protection
2429:
2344:
2291:
2191:
2123:Remote Desktop Connection
1956:
1786:
1748:
1697:10.1109/ICIP.2008.4711766
1148:Kevin Larson (May 2007) "
647:Complex color filtering:
386:ClearType Font Collection
380:ClearType Font Collection
351:and later (on by default)
18:ClearType Font Collection
2745:Security and Maintenance
2689:Security Account Manager
2283:Windows XP visual styles
1608:Explanation of ClearType
533:ClearType in DirectWrite
357:and 2010 (on by default)
3330:Media Control Interface
3164:Help and Support Center
2780:Kernel Patch Protection
2544:System Resource Manager
2524:Remote Desktop Services
2519:Print Services for UNIX
2301:Service Control Manager
1911:Windows Error Reporting
1831:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
1616:from Microsoft Research
1610:at Microsoft Typography
1247:Berry, John D. (2004).
786:Quartz (graphics layer)
376:text-rendering engine.
3310:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
2886:COM Structured storage
2587:Desktop Window Manager
2479:Windows Media Services
1150:The Technology of Text
361:Windows Live Messenger
205:
141:of any digital image.
39:
2938:Windows Mixed Reality
2609:Enhanced Write Filter
2459:Roaming user profiles
964:. MyFonts. 1999-02-22
739:U.S. patent 6,624,828
723:U.S. patent 6,282,327
712:U.S. patent 6,421,054
696:U.S. patent 7,085,412
685:U.S. patent 6,973,210
674:U.S. patent 6,393,145
663:U.S. patent 6,243,070
652:U.S. patent 6,225,973
636:U.S. patent 6,307,566
625:U.S. patent 6,239,783
614:U.S. patent 6,219,025
603:U.S. patent 6,188,385
511:hardware acceleration
355:Microsoft Office 2007
203:
177:, also formerly with
33:
3219:Mobile Device Center
3169:Health & Fitness
2967:Solitaire Collection
2795:User Account Control
2790:Protected Media Path
2694:Server Message Block
2644:Logical Disk Manager
1896:System Policy Editor
1881:System Configuration
1493:"Crisp Text Display"
598:Subpixel rendering:
588:registered trademark
242:Display requirements
3365:Virtual DOS machine
2709:System Idle Process
2684:Resource Protection
2592:Portable Executable
2484:Active DRM Services
1886:System File Checker
1856:Performance Monitor
1534:on January 13, 2009
1480:. 12 November 2010.
1311:on 21 December 2008
993:on December 1, 2008
561:Compact Font Format
349:Internet Explorer 7
3495:Digital typography
3490:Windows components
3370:Windows on Windows
3094:Backup and Restore
2906:Transaction Server
2624:I/O request packet
2464:Folder redirection
2133:Speech Recognition
1891:System Information
1846:Management Console
1638:, December 7, 1998
1136:2014-08-09 at the
1098:2011-01-20 at the
939:Elliott, Melissa.
770:Font rasterization
734:ClearType tuning:
441:Microsoft JhengHei
219:Clemson University
206:
47:subpixel rendering
40:
3477:
3476:
3403:
3402:
3360:Video for Windows
3315:Games for Windows
3184:Internet Explorer
2278:Windows Spotlight
1921:Windows Installer
1670:10.1889/1.3256881
1651:10.1889/1.1832941
1491:Sargent, Murray.
1071:10.1889/1.1831776
836:Smashing Magazine
758:Microsoft Surface
574:should suffice."
552:Natural ClearType
213:Empirical studies
16:(Redirected from
3512:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3454:
3375:Windows SideShow
3154:Food & Drink
3048:Spider Solitaire
2988:
2987:
2881:ActiveX Document
2849:Active Scripting
2805:Windows Firewall
2760:Credential Guard
2439:Active Directory
2236:Indexing Service
1866:Resource Monitor
1861:Recovery Console
1735:
1728:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1681:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1556:. Archived from
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1530:. Archived from
1518:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1495:. Archived from
1488:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1441:. Archived from
1435:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1369:
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1358:
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1354:
1338:
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1261:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1200:. Archived from
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1164:
1158:
1146:
1140:
1129:
1109:
1103:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1065:(1): 1205–1207.
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
989:. Archived from
979:
973:
972:
970:
969:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
936:
930:
929:
927:
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806:
741:
725:
714:
698:
687:
676:
665:
654:
638:
627:
616:
605:
525:(application of
493:ClearType in WPF
483:Microsoft Reader
469:ClearType tuning
457:ClearType in GDI
367:Microsoft Reader
321:(off by default)
73:Microsoft Reader
55:computer display
21:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3443:
3411:Microsoft Store
3409:
3399:
3345:POSIX subsystem
3325:File Protection
3298:
3269:Program Manager
3254:Phone Companion
3244:Outlook Express
3194:Make Compatible
3124:Desktop Gadgets
3084:Anytime Upgrade
3067:
2979:
2952:
2943:Windows Runtime
2835:
2809:
2775:Family features
2733:
2558:
2514:DFS Replication
2425:
2340:
2331:Error Reporting
2287:
2187:
2063:Mobility Center
2058:Movies & TV
1952:
1936:Windows Insider
1826:Driver Verifier
1821:Drive Optimizer
1788:
1782:
1773:Booting process
1744:
1739:
1704:(23 June 2009)
1702:Steven Sinofsky
1630:John Markoff, "
1599:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1439:"Archived copy"
1437:
1436:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1376:
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1245:
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1234:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1178:on 24 June 2015
1168:"ClearType FAQ"
1166:
1165:
1161:
1147:
1143:
1138:Wayback Machine
1110:
1106:
1100:Wayback Machine
1090:
1086:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1015:
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1009:
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981:
980:
976:
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965:
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945:
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922:
913:
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899:
898:
894:
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883:
876:
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863:
859:
854:
850:
840:
838:
828:
824:
815:
813:
808:
807:
803:
799:
766:
754:
737:
721:
710:
694:
683:
672:
661:
650:
634:
623:
612:
601:
594:, all expired:
586:ClearType is a
584:
535:
495:
471:
459:
446:Microsoft YaHei
382:
363:(on by default)
333:(on by default)
327:(on by default)
315:
313:Implementations
269:
244:
215:
166:
158:
135:Adobe Photoshop
99:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3518:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3448:
3445:
3444:
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3415:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3274:Steps Recorder
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
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3176:
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3016:
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3002:
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2970:
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2954:
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2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:OLE Automation
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2845:
2843:
2837:
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2834:
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2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2669:Object Manager
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Imaging Format
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
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2476:
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2427:
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2418:
2413:
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2411:
2406:
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2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Task Scheduler
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2256:Special folder
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Voice Recorder
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1931:Windows Update
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1901:System Restore
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1811:Device Manager
1808:
1803:
1801:Command Prompt
1798:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1699:
1685:
1664:(1): 702–705.
1653:
1639:
1636:New York Times
1628:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1597:External links
1595:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1570:
1544:
1513:
1502:
1499:on 2015-05-30.
1483:
1469:
1430:
1416:
1402:
1387:
1381:
1370:
1359:
1333:
1322:
1285:
1256:
1239:
1225:
1214:
1189:
1159:
1141:
1120:(2): 138–151.
1104:
1084:
1049:
1024:
1003:
974:
953:
931:
906:
892:
881:
870:
864:Platt, J.C., "
857:
848:
822:
800:
798:
795:
794:
793:
791:Retina Display
788:
783:
777:
772:
765:
762:
753:
750:
749:
748:
747:
746:
732:
731:
730:
719:
705:
704:
703:
692:
681:
670:
659:
645:
644:
643:
632:
621:
610:
583:
580:
534:
531:
523:alpha blending
494:
491:
470:
467:
458:
455:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
381:
378:
370:
369:
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
314:
311:
268:
265:
243:
240:
214:
211:
165:
164:Expert opinion
162:
157:
154:
131:Microsoft Word
98:
95:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3517:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3470:
3461:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:Windows To Go
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:Photo Gallery
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Meeting Space
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:HyperTerminal
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Easy Transfer
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
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3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
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3031:
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3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2971:
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2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2955:
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2944:
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2931:
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2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
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2902:
2899:
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2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
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2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
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2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
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2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:Compatibility
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
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2768:
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2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
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2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
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2690:
2687:
2685:
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2680:
2677:
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2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Library files
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
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2201:Action Center
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2128:Snipping Tool
2126:
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1986:Character Map
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1806:Control Panel
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:App Installer
1794:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1779:
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1759:
1758:
1757:Architecture
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1560:on 2009-03-31
1559:
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1445:on 2014-08-12
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1302:Ascender Corp
1296:
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1204:on 2006-10-14
1203:
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1155:IEEE Spectrum
1151:
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1039:on 2008-10-13
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579:
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572:anti-aliasing
569:
564:
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558:
553:
549:
545:
544:anti-aliasing
541:
530:
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527:anti-aliasing
524:
520:
516:
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507:anti-aliasing
503:
500:
490:
488:
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439:
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436:Malgun Gothic
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332:
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325:Windows Vista
323:
320:
317:
316:
310:
308:
303:
301:
300:anti-aliasing
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:supports the
281:
278:ClearType in
276:
274:
264:
261:
256:
252:
248:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
210:
202:
198:
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187:
182:
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179:Adobe Systems
176:
171:
161:
153:
151:
147:
142:
140:
139:anti-aliasing
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
120:
115:
114:
108:
105:
104:anti-aliasing
94:
92:
87:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
65:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
3424:File Manager
3264:Photo Viewer
3199:Media Center
3159:Groove Music
3089:Address Book
3060:
3053:
3046:
3041:Purble Place
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3006:Chess Titans
3004:
2997:
2984:Discontinued
2972:
2965:
2664:Ntoskrnl.exe
2572:Boot Manager
2564:Architecture
2454:Group Policy
2346:File systems
2246:Saved search
2220:
2153:Sticky Notes
2118:Quick Assist
2046:Media Player
2016:Feedback Hub
2011:Fax and Scan
1906:Task Manager
1836:Event Viewer
1816:Disk Cleanup
1661:
1657:
1635:
1584:
1573:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:the original
1547:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:the original
1525:
1516:
1505:
1497:the original
1486:
1472:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:the original
1433:
1419:
1405:
1399:. Microsoft.
1390:
1384:
1373:
1362:
1351:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1306:the original
1301:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1273:Typographica
1272:
1265:Levien, Raph
1259:
1249:
1242:
1217:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:the original
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1087:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1041:. Retrieved
1037:the original
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1006:
995:. Retrieved
991:the original
977:
966:. Retrieved
962:"Beat Stamm"
956:
944:. Retrieved
934:
923:. Retrieved
919:the original
909:
895:
884:
873:
860:
851:
839:. Retrieved
835:
825:
814:. Retrieved
804:
755:
743:
727:
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689:
678:
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640:
629:
618:
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585:
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551:
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504:
497:All text in
496:
472:
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385:
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304:
291:
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183:
167:
159:
143:
124:
117:
111:
109:
100:
88:
77:
66:
42:
41:
36:anti-aliased
3439:Minesweeper
3408:Spun off to
3229:MSN Dial-up
3224:Movie Maker
3129:Diagnostics
3079:ActiveMovie
2821:COMMAND.COM
2699:Shadow Copy
2554:Server Core
2394:Mount Point
2321:Shadow Copy
1916:Windows Ink
1278:24 November
941:"ClearType"
540:DirectWrite
113:chrominance
80:DirectWrite
3484:Categories
3419:DVD Player
3234:NetMeeting
3134:DriveSpace
2999:3D Pinball
2499:SharePoint
2263:Start menu
2108:Phone Link
1971:Calculator
1926:PowerShell
1787:Management
1564:2009-04-09
1538:2008-12-02
1449:2014-08-11
1353:2007-09-27
1208:2006-12-02
1043:2010-01-22
1018:2011-03-17
997:2010-01-22
968:2010-01-22
925:2010-01-22
816:2008-03-20
797:References
515:video card
474:Windows XP
432:Cariadings
413:Constantia
343:Windows 10
319:Windows XP
307:Windows CE
296:Tablet PCs
280:Windows XP
150:Dick Brass
146:John Platt
97:Background
64:monitors.
62:flat panel
3214:Messenger
3209:Messaging
3139:DVD Maker
3109:CD Player
3104:CardSpace
3055:Solitaire
2755:BitLocker
2750:AppLocker
2384:Hard link
2273:Task View
2251:Namespace
2221:ClearType
2041:Messaging
2026:Magnifier
1991:Clipchamp
1966:3D Viewer
1527:Microsoft
1347:Microsoft
1172:Microsoft
946:15 August
841:11 August
568:Word 2013
478:Windows 7
337:Windows 8
331:Windows 7
119:luminance
84:Windows 7
43:ClearType
3458:Category
3335:MS-DOS 7
3320:ScanDisk
3239:NTBackup
3119:Contacts
3099:Cardfile
3034:Hold 'Em
3013:FreeCell
2859:VBScript
2770:Defender
2738:Security
2724:Winlogon
2679:Registry
2293:Services
2226:Explorer
2211:AutoPlay
2098:Paint 3D
2083:OneDrive
2073:Narrator
2021:Get Help
1976:Calendar
1871:Settings
1841:IExpress
1678:62714087
1458:cite web
1134:Archived
1114:Displays
1096:Archived
1079:62772542
780:CoolType
775:FreeType
764:See also
408:Consolas
273:pigments
3434:Mahjong
3355:Interix
3289:WinHelp
3189:Journal
3179:Imaging
3027:InkBall
2913:DirectX
2876:ActiveX
2864:JScript
2577:Console
2549:Hyper-V
2444:Domains
2268:Taskbar
2241:IFilter
2216:AutoRun
2178:WordPad
2173:Weather
2088:OneNote
2078:Notepad
2001:Cortana
1876:Sysprep
1315:8 March
1182:19 July
592:patents
582:Patents
563:(CFF).
557:Firefox
519:DirectX
487:e-books
403:Candara
398:Cambria
393:Calibri
175:FontLab
127:bitmaps
3467:
3456:
3429:Hover!
3303:Others
3284:Travel
3279:Syskey
3062:Tinker
3020:Hearts
2948:WinUSB
2933:WinAPI
2918:Native
2729:WinUSB
2654:MinWin
2431:Server
2231:Search
2143:Sports
2113:Photos
2103:People
1981:Camera
1676:
1077:
423:Meiryo
418:Corbel
186:96 dpi
69:COMDEX
3395:WinFS
3294:Write
2991:Games
2958:Games
2831:WoW64
2659:NTLDR
2649:LSASS
2582:CSRSS
2389:links
2364:exFAT
2193:Shell
2158:Store
2148:Start
2138:Skype
2093:Paint
2068:Money
1996:Clock
1943:WinRE
1851:Netsh
1789:tools
1778:Games
1674:S2CID
1309:(PDF)
1298:(PDF)
1075:S2CID
987:ZDNet
485:(for
451:Segoe
168:In a
91:HiDPI
3469:List
3350:HPFS
3114:Chat
3072:Apps
2974:Surf
2923:.NET
2891:DCOM
2719:WHEA
2714:USER
2704:SMSS
2494:WSUS
2474:MSMQ
2416:ReFS
2379:NTFS
2354:CDFS
2311:CLFS
2306:BITS
2206:Aero
2183:Xbox
2163:Tips
2051:2022
2036:Maps
2031:Mail
2006:Edge
1958:Apps
1753:APIs
1464:link
1317:2021
1280:2014
1184:2009
948:2015
843:2015
509:and
286:and
221:and
190:LCDs
170:MSDN
51:font
3249:Pay
3149:Fax
2896:OLE
2871:COM
2854:WSH
2841:API
2602:DLL
2597:EXE
2509:PWS
2489:IIS
2449:DNS
2421:UDF
2409:EFS
2404:TxF
2374:FAT
2369:IFS
2359:DFS
1948:WMI
1693:doi
1666:doi
1647:doi
1634:",
1152:",
1122:doi
1067:doi
548:PDC
463:GDI
292:not
288:BGR
284:RGB
260:CRT
194:WPF
82:in
59:LCD
3486::
1766:NT
1761:9x
1672:.
1662:40
1660:.
1524:.
1460:}}
1456:{{
1344:.
1300:.
1271:.
1267:.
1228:^
1170:.
1118:29
1116:.
1073:.
1063:32
1061:.
985:.
834:.
742:–
726:–
715:–
699:–
688:–
677:–
666:–
655:–
639:–
628:–
617:–
606:–
517:.
86:.
1734:e
1727:t
1720:v
1695::
1680:.
1668::
1649::
1567:.
1541:.
1466:)
1452:.
1427:.
1413:.
1356:.
1319:.
1282:.
1211:.
1186:.
1128:.
1124::
1081:.
1069::
1046:.
1021:.
1000:.
971:.
950:.
928:.
903:.
845:.
819:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
