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725:, which would adjoin the property of the Chicago Spire. DuSable Park would cover 3.24 acres (1.31 ha) and a $ 11.4 million budget was planned for its renovation. On March 26, 2007, Shelbourne pledged to pay $ 6 million toward the development of the park, making up the deficit left over from the city's own initial pledge of $ 6 million and far exceeding the Fordham Co's initial offer. In May 2007 Shelbourne's pledge jumped to $ 9.6 million. Soil tests performed in December 2000 on the soil of the proposed park showed contamination of
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732:. Thorium was used by the Lindsay Light Company, which operated a location nearby. After the closing of the location in the 1930s, contaminated soil was dumped on the location of the proposed park. In March 2003, the Chicago Park District stated that the thorium clean-up on that land was incomplete. Hazards of contamination can be avoided by laying a minimum of 6 inches (15 cm) of concrete over any affected soil, an approach that would be more feasible for the site of the Chicago Spire than for the adjacent park.
807:, tend to add to the strength of a structure. A similar principle has been used in the past with curved stadium roofs. In addition to structural support, the curved face of the exterior would minimize wind forces. In rectangular buildings, a fluid wind flow puts pressure on the windward face of the building; while air moves around it, a suction is applied to the leeward face. This often causes a sway in tall buildings usually counteracted, at least partially, by stiffening the structure or by using a
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2016, Shelbourne announced that it had reached agreement on a repayment plan with the project's creditors, including
Related Midwest, which had bought up much of the project's debt. Assuming the project finds funding to satisfy that agreement, Atlas said that the building would be built and that Atlas would control the project, but that Kelleher would still be the developer, with the intention of building the same building planned prior to the suspension of construction.
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251:, it would have stood 2,000 feet (610 m) high with 150 floors and been the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. When originally proposed as the Fordham Spire in July 2005, the design had 116 stories, included a hotel and condominiums, and was topped with a broadcast antenna mast. The building was designed and spearheaded by Spanish architect-engineer
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people outside the U.S., according to the suit. “Shelbourne remains the only person logically capable of completing it because it still owns the intellectual property necessary to construct it and it still maintains the goodwill of the diverse governmental and community interests without which a project of this dimension would be doomed,” the lawsuit states.
554:. Construction of the Chicago Spire would have provided approximately 900 full-time jobs to union members for four years if construction had resumed. In addition to the $ 194 million (USD) that Kelleher has invested personally in the project already, backup financing of an unspecified amount and from an unknown source in the form of
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494:. Kelleher offered to rent out units at a guaranteed 7.5% return to spur sales. The approach is common outside the United States where the tower was marketed more heavily and was meant to spur sales of the smallest units, which are the most likely to be purchased as rental property investments by foreigners.
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filed a $ 77 million foreclosure lawsuit against
Kelleher, claiming that loans made to Kelleher's development company had been in default for a year. The bank was expected to take possession of the site. By the end of the year, courts handed control of the site to a receiver, leaving the project
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regarding the construction and design of the spire. A November 2006 press release stated that construction of the
Chicago Spire would begin in June 2007. In early December 2006, Shelbourne Development issued another press release stating that the design of the building had been revised. This included
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on March 16, 2006, and by the
Chicago Zoning Committee on March 23, 2006. On March 29, 2006, the Chicago City Council also approved the building's design. As part of the approval process, the council passed a measure that raised the height limit on structures at the site to accommodate the 2,000-foot
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would not continue until the markets recover. The Spire has remained a fenced-off hole in the ground at 400 N. Lake Shore Drive since 2008. But before
Shelbourne faced financial difficulties and was forced into bankruptcy, about 370 of the planned 1,200 luxury condos were sold, half of which were to
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In
February 2016, Shelbourne sought court approval to take up an offer of up to $ 135 million from Atlas Apartment Holdings intended to underpin the project's emergence from bankruptcy, with a deadline of August 31, 2016 for having a court-approved reorganization plan. At a hearing on March 11,
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Following the March 26, 2007 public presentation by
Shelbourne Development, residents showed a favorable reaction to the newest design of the Chicago Spire. The Chicago Plan Commission approved the final plans of the Chicago Spire on April 19, 2007. Chicago's zoning committee also approved the tower
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of LR Development
Company of Chicago and JER Partners of Virginia for $ 64 million to Christopher Carley of the Fordham Company. After numerous short-term extensions, and later Carley's failure to obtain financing, Kelleher of Shelbourne Development purchased the land instead and pledged to finance
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In 2013, with the
Chicago Spire site for sale by Ireland's National Asset Management Agency (NAMA), interest resumed, drawing in at least a half-dozen offers for the property. Under the involuntary bankruptcy ruling in October 2013, Shelbourne had until the end of March 2014 to obtain approval of a
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In early 2018, the former developer
Garrett Kelleher launched a $ 1.2 billion (USD) lawsuit, in the US Federal District Court in Illinois, against NAMA alleging that the agency destroyed his chances of building the Chicago Spire through a combination of "sheer spite" and "consistent incompetence".
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with each of the building's 150 stories rotated 2.4 degrees from the one below it for a total 360-degree rotation. In February 2008, prices for the condominiums were announced as ranging from $ 750,000 to US$ 40 million. For supplemental structural support, each floor was to be surrounded by
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architect Michael Pfeffer to guide the design of developments on the former Chicago Spire site. Although President Curt Bailey disclosed no project details—such as whether, for example, Related Midwest plans to build one big tower or multiple structures on the site—he did announce the
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and Kelleher announced in late 2009 that they were discussing the potential for a $ 170 million (USD) land loan that would retire Kelleher's loan from Anglo Irish Bank, pay off the outstanding liens, and restart work in exchange for making the construction a complete union job. Due to the lack of
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Garrett Kelleher. During the interview, Calatrava drew out design ideas restoring the rotating design of the building and showcasing his vision for the Chicago Spire's lobby. On March 26, 2007, further revisions were shown during a public presentation by Shelbourne Development showcasing the most
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of Shelbourne Development Group, Inc., acquired the land and took over the project. It was announced that he would put up 100% of the equity, something Carley had been unable to do. He also had the financial backing to acquire the land, something Carley lacked. Kelleher stated he would consider
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However, on October 31, 2014, the developer failed to make a required payment to Related Midwest and Related filed suit to compel Shelbourne to turn over the deed to the property. On 4 November 2016, Garrett Kelleher signed over the property located at 400 N. Lake Shore Drive to Related Midwest.
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In 2018, it was revealed that Related Midwest will build two skyscrapers at the site of the Spire. The taller of the two would include 300 condominiums and a 175-room luxury hotel and the other 550 apartments. The two tower plan has been approved by the city and the development will be called
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in Chicago sued to evict Shelbourne Development from their sales office, where extensive modeling of Chicago Spire units had been installed. The lawsuit alleged that Shelbourne was behind $ 316,000 (USD) in lease payments. In addition to this and other liens listed on the property,
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Gold recognition. Sustainable features included recycled rainwater, river water used for cooling, ornithologically-sensitive glass to protect migratory birds, intelligent building and management systems, waste storage and recycling management, and monitored outdoor air delivery.
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using Carley's services on the development and that "Carley will be paid an unspecified sum for his involvement in the deal so far." Kelleher later renamed the project "Chicago Spire" after briefly going by "400 North Lake Shore Drive", as it was no longer a Fordham project.
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In 2012 the Chicago Park District received funding from the EPA for remediation of the site, bagging the radioactive soil and shipping it to a Superfund site. By summer 2013 the Park District website reported the remediation had been completed by September 2012.
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units. The design change altered the building design such that it was wider than the original plan. Additionally, the spire no longer tapered at the top, resulting in an increase in floor space and overall floor count. The revision also removed the
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proposed the Fordham Spire in July 2005. In the proposal the Spire was to be a 116-story structure with hotel and condominiums topped by a tall broadcast antenna mast. The initial design of the building was passed unanimously by the
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parts and construction equipment arrived at the site on June 25, 2007. The following day Shelbourne Development officially announced the first construction contract. In preparation for construction, 34 concrete and steel
569:, four major labor union investment funds declined to offer Shelbourne Development any loans. Kelleher continued to search for financing. Shelbourne Development faced eviction from its offices on the 50th floor of
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On September 19, 2008, a spokeswoman for the developer announced that construction was continuing on the building, but that the pace of construction would be slowed until the financial markets recovered from the
363:. Burton F. Natarus, who was the 42nd-ward alderman when the building was announced, said, "This is a very unique opportunity for the city of Chicago. This building belongs to Chicago and should be in Chicago."
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unanimously approved the initial design of the building. On November 4, 2016, a court ruling brought the original development plan and the extended litigation over the nine-year-old project to a close. Developer
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filed a lawsuit against Shelbourne Development for $ 4.92 million (USD). The lawsuit was an attempt to collect that sum on two unpaid loans used for initial construction at the Chicago Spire site.
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to the east, the Chicago River to the south, and existing residential property to the west. The site was originally zoned for two 35 to 50-story buildings. Originally, it was to be sold by a
855:. Kelleher promised that he still had financial backing, although analysts questioned the ability of the project to survive the current economic decline. A contractor to build the building's
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526:. Due to the bank's dire financial situation, Shelbourne Development was forced to suspend construction, and would eventually have to pay back the $ 69.5 million (
522:, the primary lender for the project, was on the brink of financial collapse. The bank's stocks had lost nearly all of their value and Anglo Irish Bank was facing
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796:. The building has been described as a giant "drill bit" by the public and others in the media have likened it to a "tall twisting tree" and a "blade of grass".
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signed over the property location to the project's biggest creditor, Related Midwest, who announced that they would not build the Spire and released plans for a
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immediately voiced opposition to the building, stating that the tall structure would be a target for terrorists and did not even seem to be a viable project.
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Standing at 2,000 feet (610 m), the Chicago Spire would have further transformed the always-growing Chicago skyline. Plans for the tower included 1,193
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reorganization plan, and was considering a bid to take back control of the property, reigniting hope that the skyscraper might actually be built.
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was beginning to affect the project. Construction was suspended and the tower's architect, Santiago Calatrava, placed an $ 11.34 million
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Nobel, P. (2005). Onward and upward? Four years after 9/11 – at perhaps the peak of the real estate bubble – very tall has never been hotter.
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with a 104 foot (32 m) diameter and 78 foot (24 m) depth was installed to create a work environment and would have later acted as a
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reported that the developer was soliciting opinions on a further revision from community leaders. Several weeks following that report the
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The curved design offered two major benefits to the structure of the building. First, curved designs, such as that found in Calatrava's
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indigenous to the area, and also related the building's newly designed pinnacle to the "graceful" and "rotating forms" of a snail shell.
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on which Shelbourne owed $ 27,600 in unpaid rent. Earlier in the year, the spire's Chicago sales office had been ejected from the nearby
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By June 2008, Shelbourne had sold more than 350 of the 1,193 units—more than half of those to foreign investors in markets where certain
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When the project was first announced, the Fordham Company pledged almost $ 500,000 to assist in the development of the city's proposed
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2853:"Chicago Builders Ride Next 'Supertall' Wave – Developers in the Windy City have their eyes set on luxury residences climbing over"
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into the spire itself. This first major redesign of the Chicago Spire was criticized by architectural critics and city officials.
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After several months of development in 2005, Carley failed to obtain sufficient financing for the construction of the building.
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Following the city approval, it was announced that construction of the Chicago Spire was to begin in the summer of 2007, with
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observation decks, the Chicago Spire design included a community room on the top floor offering residents a view of four U.S.
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811:. Since the curved design of the Chicago Spire would not completely negate wind forces, a tapering concrete core and twelve
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construction and the sluggish economy, Chicago unions were desperate to find work for their employees as they faced near 30%
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for the tall, twisting skyscraper. He likened the structure to an imaginary smoke spiral coming from a campfire near the
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has been guaranteed and would have kicked in automatically if the $ 170 million (USD) AFL-CIO loan had been secured.
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regulations do not apply. Shelbourne announced on September 30, 2008 that the building's penthouse had been sold to
2204:"Spire developer loses control of site in foreclosure suit – 2 local firms have purchased delinquent property taxes"
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Roeder, David (September 19, 2008). "Business briefs: Economic upheaval causes delays in building of Spire".
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project in Chicago that was partially built between 2007 and 2008 before being cancelled. Located at 400 N.
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585:(at the time) dead. In addition, two Chicago firms purchased the tax lien certificates on the property.
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on the construction site, stating that Kelleher had not yet paid him for his work. Within a few months
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The lawsuit is formally brought by Kelleher's company, Shelbourne North Water Street Corporation.
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The skyscraper was being constructed at 400 N. Lake Shore Drive, on Chicago's waterfront west of
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2089:"Facing Eviction Suit, Spire Developer Leaves Loop Offices : Chicago Spire Deathwatch"
1969:"Spire developer Garret Kelleher to meet with leaders of AFL-CIO pension investment trusts"
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for the building's core. Utility upgrades were planned for the surrounding neighborhood.
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Additional litigation and liens threatened the project by autumn 2009. The owner of the
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of the skyscraper included translucent glass walls framed by arching, steel-reinforced
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1617:"New twists for lakefront skyscraper: An exclusive look at the latest Spire drawings"
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Comerford, Mike (July 20, 2006). "New developer in works for site of Fordham Spire".
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the removal of the hotel and the antenna mast, making the building consist solely of
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But within weeks of the official announcement that Kelleher was searching for union
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2649:"3 Acres on the Lake: DuSable Park Proposal Project, Site Description and Context"
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1163:"Shelbourne Development Awards Contract to Build Foundation of The Chicago Spire"
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Sharma, Amol; Jennifer Saranow; Ilan Brat & Lauren Etter (October 1, 2008).
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work scheduled to begin as early as June 2007. DuSable Park was designated as a
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1487:"Irish Developer Will Build North America's Tallest Building in the Windy City"
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3006:"City council OKs plan for Chicago Spire building, would be nation's tallest"
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As with many of his designs, Calatrava was inspired by themes and designs in
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development firm's intent to discuss plan outlines with the public in 2017.
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2702:"Report: DuSable Park Site Near Navy Pier Nearly Clear Of Radioactive Soil"
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President Curt Bailey said that Related Midwest would not build the Spire.
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308:(610 m) design height. The Fordham Spire would have become the second
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In the final quarter of 2006, Shelbourne Development issued two separate
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2400:"Garrett Kelleher pursuing Nama for $ 1.2bn over Chicago Spire project"
2235:"Exclusive – For sale: Chicago land, once site for tallest condo tower"
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2425:"Related Midwest reportedly makes plans to develop Chicago Spire site"
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radiating from it were planned to counteract the remaining wind load.
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3008:. Chesterton Tribune. Associated Press. May 10, 2007. Archived from
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2676:"3 Acres on the Lake : Dusable Park, Chicago by Laurie Palmer"
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Keegan, E. (2005). Calatrava designing massive tower in Chicago.
2063:"Chicago Spire twists in wind as union funds pass on bailout loan"
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2490:"Carley's back finds familiar wall in bid to build Fordham Spire"
2463:"SOM's "sister skyscrapers" for doomed Chicago Spire site halted"
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Buildings and structures under construction in the United States
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2339:"Chicago Spire developer gets funding, wants to resume project"
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2313:"What's Next for Santiago Calatrava's Troubled Chicago Spire?"
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Additionally, the Chicago Spire was designed with world-class
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Roeder, David (July 20, 2006). "New twist in spire project".
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Chicago Architecture and Design : Revised and expanded
2103:"Irish Financial Crisis Helps Topple Planned Chicago Spire"
1875:"Anglo Irish crisis leads to work halting on Chicago Spire"
1643:"Kamin unveils latest design for Calatrava's Chicago Spire"
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Two Waterfront Skyscrapers Planned For Deserted Spire Site
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from the original plan, instead incorporating underground
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of Shelbourne Development Group, Inc., the then-owner of
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McKeoug, T. (2006). Artist at work: Santiago Calatrava.
2452:. CBS Chicago. March 16, 2018. Accessed August 15, 2018.
1755:"Beanie Baby magnate signs contract for Spire penthouse"
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had not yet been named. The October 1, 2008 edition of
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1940:"Spire developer faces eviction from sales center site"
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1336:"Chicago Spire: Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States"
1317:. Shelbourne Development. April 6, 2008. Archived from
1132:"Calatrava's Latest Twist from Spire to Licorice Stick"
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said that the building foundation was complete and the
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The construction site had been dormant since late 2008.
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http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks/Dusable-Park/
2369:"Spire developer resolves debts, looks to start again"
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1698:"Financial questions tower over Spire's political win"
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3110:"Chicago Spire: Modest beginnings for a skyline icon"
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Chicago Architecture and Design: Revised and Expanded
2178:"Death knell for Chicago Spire as receiver appointed"
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1456:"Chicago Developer Wants to Erect Tower With a Twist"
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Why Buildings Stand Up: The Strength of Architecture
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2808:"Calatrava leads tour of Chicago Spire Sales Center"
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2521:"Calatrava Spire Gains Approval of Plan Commission"
2001:Corfman, Thomas A.; Baeb, Eddie (August 14, 2009).
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1425:"Calatrava Spire Gains Approval of Plan Commission"
3603:Metropolitan Life North Building (original design)
2963:"Major redesign is latest twist in plan for spire"
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890:underground; this was completed June 25, 2008. A
847:for the Chicago Spire opened on January 14, 2008.
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2755:"Global recession stalls skyscraper construction"
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46:Artist's impression of the megatall Chicago Spire
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776:corners and four concave sides. Similar to the
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2912:. The Hancock Observatory. 2002. Archived from
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2291:"Related to Spire developer: Where's the deed?"
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1187:Corfman, Thomas; Kamin, Blair (July 26, 2005).
634:reported that Related Midwest had hired former
498:Financial crisis and suspension of construction
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3141:"Businesses Pressure Congress on Bailout Plan"
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2584:"More twists in final plans for Chicago Spire"
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1669:"Final Chicago Spire plans set to be revealed"
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1362:"Tallest U.S. skyscraper proposed for Chicago"
1078:Baeb, Eddie; Gallun, Alby (December 6, 2006).
1009:List of tallest buildings in the United States
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3034:. ArchiCentral. March 6, 2009. Archived from
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1581:"Controversial skyscraper plan gets new look"
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1315:"The Chicago Spire Achieves 30 Percent Sales"
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824:Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
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3032:"Chicago Spire // USA // Santiago Calatrava"
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1223:"Planning commission approves Fordham Spire"
927:Months before construction on April 13, 2006
359:approved of the design, stating that it was
3056:
2998:
2877:
2581:
2518:
2226:
2196:
2060:
1967:Podmollik, Mary Ellen (November 30, 2009).
1897:
1811:"Calatrava stops work on Spire, files lien"
1808:
1778:
1753:Podmolik, Mary Ellen (September 30, 2008).
1721:
1422:
1354:
1338:. Chicago Architecture.info. Archived from
1282:
1052:"The Chicago Spire, Chicago, Illinois, USA"
951:Closeup of base excavation January 12, 2008
452:held an exclusive interview with architect
3983:
3969:
3281:
3267:
2871:
2846:
2844:
2673:
2646:
987:The Chicago Spire Hole as of July 30, 2021
609:
4118:Proposed skyscrapers in the United States
4095:Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and Residence Tower
3763:Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and Residence Tower
2784:Larson, George A.; Pridmore, Jay (2005).
2694:
1014:List of buildings with 100 floors or more
788:. The design for the soaring four story
686:of the Chicago River to the north, North
4090:Old Chicago Main Post Office Twin Towers
3628:Old Chicago Main Post Office Twin Towers
3246:Pridmore, J., & Larson, G.A. (2005)
939:Bedrock being drilled on August 22, 2007
743:
697:
619:
501:
408:
369:
283:
3593:Madison Square Garden Towers I & II
3170:
2880:"Chicago Spire gets Plan Commission OK"
2841:
2837:. London. February 23, 2008. p. 3.
2551:Herrmann, Andrew (September 18, 2006).
2512:
2397:
2245:from the original on September 24, 2015
1938:Corfman, Thomas A. (October 14, 2009).
1724:"Chicago Spire gets Plan Commission OK"
1389:
886:were drilled 120 feet (37 m) into
843:for the construction of the tower. The
320:as well as the tallest building in the
14:
4110:
3065:. Crain Communications. Archived from
2886:. Crain Communications. Archived from
2740:Santiago Calatrava: The Complete Works
2590:. Crain Communications. Archived from
2496:. Crain Communications. Archived from
2126:"Foreclosure Suit Ends Dream Of Spire"
2080:
2003:"Bank of America sues Spire developer"
188:3,000,000 square feet (278,700 m)
3964:
3683:Shenyang International Finance Center
3262:
3200:"Holey Chicago! New Spire Renderings"
3198:Giometti, Carl (September 10, 2008).
2938:. Sears Tower Skydeck. Archived from
2806:Matlock, Kelly (September 27, 2007).
2086:
1696:Diesenhouse, Susan (April 20, 2000).
588:
470:on April 26 and, on May 9, 2007, the
3116:. September 10, 2008. Archived from
2615:"City approves Chicago Spire design"
1873:Hilliard, Mark (December 28, 2008).
1489:. Multi-Housing News. Archived from
1004:List of tallest buildings in Chicago
873:
748:The Chicago Spire's exterior design.
310:tallest building in the entire world
4143:Residential condominiums in Chicago
2902:
2257:
2170:
2148:"Calatrava Dances onto a New Stage"
2140:
2109:. November 12, 2010. Archived from
1842:Roeder, David (December 26, 2008).
1447:
24:
4128:Residential skyscrapers in Chicago
3250:. Harry N. Abrams, Inc.: New York.
2345:. February 7, 2014. Archived from
2210:. December 7, 2010. Archived from
2154:. February 2, 2010. Archived from
2027:Roeder, David (December 9, 2009).
1844:"Spire mired in Irish bank crisis"
1781:"Spire developer adds a new twist"
1579:Kamin, Blair (December 21, 2006).
1550:"Spinning politics with the Spire"
1548:Jacobs, Scott (January 14, 2007).
1221:McHugh, Michael (March 16, 2006).
674:. The site is at the junction of
25:
4154:
3254:
2961:Kamin, Blair (December 7, 2006).
2855:. Empire Projects. Archived from
2851:Hampton, Tudor (March 27, 2006).
2527:. Chicago Journal. Archived from
2488:Corfman, Thomas (July 19, 2006).
2398:Quinlan, Ronald (March 5, 2018).
2124:Kridel, Kris (October 11, 2010).
2087:Boyer, Mark (November 17, 2010).
2061:Baeb, Eddie (December 21, 2009).
1975:. Tribune Company. Archived from
1909:Barrett, Joe (December 9, 2009).
1615:Kamin, Blair (January 21, 2007).
1431:. Chicago Journal. Archived from
1368:. Associated Press. July 25, 2005
4138:Twisted buildings and structures
3819:Doha Tower and Convention Center
3059:"Spire sales office opens today"
3057:Baeb, Eddie (January 14, 2008).
2753:Stern, Andrew (March 29, 2009).
2375:. March 11, 2014. Archived from
2233:Jonas, Ilaina (March 14, 2013).
2029:"Spire inches closer to reality"
1641:Beacker, Lynn (March 27, 2007).
1485:Marin, Matthew (July 20, 2006).
1285:"City Council OKs Fordham Spire"
980:
968:
956:
944:
932:
920:
908:
40:
3290:Proposed supertall and megatall
3132:
2826:
2455:
2443:
2391:
2305:
2117:
2095:
1772:
1505:
1454:Slevin, Peter (July 25, 2005).
1189:"Tallest tower to twist rivals"
1080:"Calatrava tower to drop spire"
830:
739:
710:
3327:Hyundai Global Business Center
2936:"Discover the All New Skydeck"
2878:Baeb, Eddie (April 20, 2007).
2613:Spielman, Fran (May 9, 2007).
2582:Yue, Lorene (March 26, 2007).
2519:Bush, Haydn (March 22, 2006).
1911:"Push to Finish Tallest Tower"
1722:Baeb, Eddie (April 20, 2007).
1667:Kamin, Blair (March 8, 2007).
1423:Bush, Haydn (March 22, 2006).
1283:Yue, Lorene (March 29, 2006).
1165:. Business Wire. June 26, 2007
1124:
706:prior to construction in 2007.
404:
378:
318:tallest freestanding structure
13:
1:
4133:Santiago Calatrava structures
4059:113 East Roosevelt (Phase II)
4020:One Chicago Square West Tower
4010:One Chicago Square East Tower
3573:International Business Center
2910:"The New Hancock Observatory"
2725:Retrieved 24 June 2013, from
1809:Baeb, Eddie (June 15, 2016).
1779:Baeb, Eddie (June 30, 2008).
1024:
374:State of construction in 2010
3528:Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Towers
2792:. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
477:
316:, and would have become the
215:Shelbourne Development Group
27:Proposed building in Chicago
7:
3518:Eaton's / John Maryon Tower
3463:Bank of the Southwest Tower
3418:6 & 8 Parramatta Square
3173:"Chicago Spire Information"
992:
975:The site as of July 2, 2010
780:(formerly Sears Tower) and
650:
530:) it had already borrowed.
464:
440:In late December 2006, the
343:and was being developed by
279:
10:
4159:
4049:400 Lake Shore South Tower
4028:400 Lake Shore North Tower
3849:Kostabi World Trade Center
3839:Frankfurt Millennium Tower
2738:Tzonis, Alexander (2004).
1516:. Daily Herald. p. 1.
1019:World's tallest structures
714:
613:
545:After these setbacks, the
431:separate parking structure
384:Initial financial problems
349:St Patrick's Athletic F.C.
167:1,865 ft (568 m)
159:2,000 ft (610 m)
151:2,000 ft (610 m)
4067:
4036:
4002:
3940:List of tallest buildings
3930:
3879:Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid
3776:
3400:
3299:
2990:Salvadori, Mario (1982).
2182:The Boston Irish Emigrant
1789:Crain Communications Inc.
901:
867:above ground construction
695:the rest of the project.
682:, and is bordered by the
263:. On March 16, 2006, the
229:
219:
211:
197:
192:
184:
176:
171:
163:
155:
147:
142:
134:
95:
78:
68:
60:
55:
51:
39:
34:
4085:Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle
3608:Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle
3438:American Commerce Center
3401:Cancelled/Stale proposal
2994:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
2553:"A DuSable park at last"
2429:Crain's Chicago Business
2265:"Condo Site Lives Again"
2067:Crain's Chicago Business
2007:Crain's Chicago Business
1944:Crain's Chicago Business
1816:Crain's Chicago Business
1785:Crain's Chicago Business
1728:Crain's Chicago Business
1289:Crain's Chicago Business
1227:Crain's Chicago Business
1084:Crain's Chicago Business
915:View of the site in 1963
853:subprime mortgage crisis
631:Crain's Chicago Business
361:environmentally friendly
312:, surpassed only by the
4068:Cancelled or distressed
3854:Millennium Tower, Tokyo
3753:Tradewinds Square Tower
3578:London Millennium Tower
3483:City Hall and City Duma
3357:Signature Tower Jakarta
3151:Dow Jones & Company
3146:The Wall Street Journal
2269:The Wall Street Journal
2107:The Wall Street Journal
1915:The Wall Street Journal
862:The Wall Street Journal
820:sustainable engineering
702:Chicago Spire site and
610:Future site development
305:Chicago Plan Commission
265:Chicago Plan Commission
193:Design and construction
119:41.889889°N 87.614889°W
4054:Lakeshore East I Tower
749:
707:
625:
582:Anglo Irish Bank Corp.
571:111 South Wacker Drive
507:
416:
375:
292:
255:and Chicago developer
3945:Supertall skyscrapers
3869:Palace of the Soviets
3718:Torre Bicentenario II
3503:Dubai Towers Istanbul
2113:on November 16, 2010.
1493:on September 27, 2007
1321:on December 16, 2008.
1258:"Subscription Center"
747:
717:DuSable Park, Chicago
701:
659:and northeast of the
623:
510:By October 2008, the
505:
412:
373:
339:by Spanish architect
296:Christopher T. Carley
287:
257:Christopher T. Carley
124:41.889889; -87.614889
18:Christopher T. Carley
3950:Megatall skyscrapers
3758:Trans National Place
3588:Lotte World II Hotel
3392:Uptown Dubai Tower 1
3226:Architectural Record
2833:"House & Home".
2742:. New York: Rizzoli.
2682:on September 8, 2007
2158:on February 13, 2011
2039:on December 13, 2009
1854:on December 26, 2008
1591:on February 26, 2012
1112:. SkyscraperPage.com
667:neighborhood of the
645:400 Lake Shore Drive
616:400 Lake Shore Drive
512:late-2000s recession
472:Chicago City Council
135:Construction started
3829:Empire World Towers
3663:Rama IX Super Tower
3653:Palacio de la Bahia
3120:on November 9, 2008
2814:on January 17, 2008
2765:on February 1, 2013
2563:on October 13, 2007
2431:. September 6, 2016
2349:on February 7, 2014
2214:on January 14, 2011
1979:on December 2, 2009
1560:on January 18, 2007
1460:The Washington Post
1392:"The Chicago Spire"
1342:on December 4, 2008
1262:chicagobusiness.com
1054:. SPG Media Limited
999:List of skyscrapers
809:dynamic wind damper
782:John Hancock Center
220:Structural engineer
115: /
56:General information
4044:Tribune East Tower
4003:Under construction
3713:Torre Bicentenario
3648:Karachi Port Tower
3498:Dubai Towers Dubai
3387:Tribune East Tower
3372:Taipei Twin Towers
3342:One Bayfront Plaza
3069:on January 7, 2009
3038:on August 16, 2009
2916:on August 29, 2007
2594:on January 7, 2009
2500:on January 7, 2009
2469:. October 31, 2018
2293:. November 3, 2014
1295:on January 7, 2009
1264:. November 3, 2014
822:practices to meet
750:
708:
626:
589:End of the project
508:
454:Santiago Calatrava
417:
376:
341:Santiago Calatrava
322:Western Hemisphere
293:
290:Santiago Calatrava
253:Santiago Calatrava
224:Thornton Tomasetti
202:Santiago Calatrava
64:Under construction
4103:
4102:
3958:
3957:
3728:Torre Planetarium
3698:South Ferry Plaza
3633:One Galleon Place
3513:East Office Tower
3478:Center City Tower
3433:102 Incheon Tower
3367:The One (Colombo)
3362:STH BNK by Beulah
3322:Affirmation Tower
3179:on April 30, 2009
3093:Chicago Sun-Times
2619:Chicago Sun-Times
2557:Chicago Sun-Times
2404:Irish Independent
2379:on March 14, 2014
2091:. Curbed Chicago.
2033:Chicago Sun-Times
1848:Chicago Sun-Times
1554:Chicago Sun-Times
1532:Chicago Sun-Times
874:Underground phase
556:mezzanine capital
335:The building was
324:, surpassing the
274:different project
237:
236:
172:Technical details
16:(Redirected from
4150:
4075:7 South Dearborn
3985:
3978:
3971:
3962:
3961:
3703:Suyong Bay Tower
3668:Signature Towers
3643:Otterspool Tower
3638:One Queensbridge
3618:Oblisco Capitale
3553:Hotel Attraction
3533:Faros del Panamá
3458:Azerbaijan Tower
3443:Ameritrust Tower
3423:7 South Dearborn
3413:1 New York Place
3283:
3276:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3175:. Archived from
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3063:Chicago Business
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3012:on June 23, 2009
3002:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2942:on June 24, 2009
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2890:on June 23, 2009
2884:Chicago Business
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2859:on June 24, 2009
2848:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2810:. Archived from
2803:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2761:. Archived from
2750:
2744:
2743:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2678:. Archived from
2674:Palmer, Laurie.
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2651:. Archived from
2647:Palmer, Laurie.
2644:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2621:. Archived from
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2588:Chicago Business
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2559:. Archived from
2548:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2531:on June 23, 2009
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2494:Chicago Business
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2035:. Archived from
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1885:on March 8, 2016
1881:. Archived from
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1850:. Archived from
1839:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1734:on June 23, 2009
1730:. Archived from
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1587:. Archived from
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1556:. Archived from
1545:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1435:on June 23, 2009
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1404:on June 20, 2010
1403:
1397:. Archived from
1396:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1291:. Archived from
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1254:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1233:on June 24, 2009
1229:. Archived from
1218:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1199:on June 22, 2011
1195:. Archived from
1184:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1159:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1090:on June 24, 2009
1086:. Archived from
1075:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1048:
984:
972:
960:
948:
936:
924:
912:
762:Native Americans
688:Lake Shore Drive
580:In October 2010
520:Anglo Irish Bank
414:Garrett Kelleher
394:Garrett Kelleher
357:Richard M. Daley
345:Garrett Kelleher
270:Garrett Kelleher
249:Lake Shore Drive
206:Perkins and Will
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
82:Lake Shore Drive
44:
32:
31:
21:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4099:
4063:
4032:
3998:
3989:
3959:
3954:
3926:
3772:
3688:Signature Tower
3548:Hermitage Plaza
3538:Grant USA Tower
3493:Dubai One Tower
3488:Crown Las Vegas
3396:
3317:80 South Street
3295:
3287:
3257:
3218:Further reading
3215:
3205:
3203:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3114:Chicago Tribune
3108:
3107:
3100:
3089:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2967:Chicago Tribune
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2849:
2842:
2835:Financial Times
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2797:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2747:
2736:
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2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2655:on June 5, 2010
2645:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2625:on May 13, 2007
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2576:
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2545:
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2434:
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2408:
2406:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2373:Chicago Tribune
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2343:Chicago Tribune
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2319:. June 25, 2014
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2208:Chicago Tribune
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1999:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1973:Chicago Tribune
1965:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1907:
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1886:
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1855:
1840:
1831:
1821:
1819:
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1793:
1791:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1759:Chicago Tribune
1751:
1747:
1737:
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3794:Al Rajhi Tower
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3784:Aeropolis 2001
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3778:
3777:Never realized
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3768:Xujiahui Tower
3765:
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3748:Tower Infinity
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3738:Tour Sans Fins
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3723:Torre Generali
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3708:Tianlong Hotel
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3255:External links
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3202:. Gapers Block
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2271:. May 14, 2013
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1134:. Repeat. 2008
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3909:Ultima Tower
3899:Taiwan Tower
3874:Russia Tower
3864:PAGCOR Tower
3859:Murjan Tower
3844:The Illinois
3803:
3799:Bionic Tower
3598:Meraas Tower
3583:Lopez Center
3543:Grollo Tower
3473:Burj Al Alam
3332:Legacy Tower
3247:
3243:, 25, 66–72.
3240:
3236:, 22, 56–61.
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3224:
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3204:. Retrieved
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963:May 25, 2008
877:
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849:
845:sales center
841:staging area
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778:Willis Tower
774:cantilevered
769:condominiums
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734:
723:DuSable Park
720:
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704:DuSable Park
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365:Donald Trump
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314:Burj Khalifa
294:
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198:Architect(s)
110:87°36′53.6″W
107:41°53′23.6″N
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3996:skyscrapers
3919:X-Seed 4000
3824:Dream Tower
3743:Tour Signal
3568:India Tower
3448:Anara Tower
3377:Tower Fifth
3352:Senna Tower
3293:skyscrapers
2711:January 17,
2525:Natarus.com
2473:November 1,
2353:February 7,
2323:January 17,
2297:November 3,
2249:October 27,
2218:January 19,
2188:January 15,
2162:January 15,
2043:December 9,
1822:October 17,
1429:Natarus.com
1268:January 17,
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426:condominium
405:New designs
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177:Floor count
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4112:Categories
3678:Seoul Lite
3453:Asia Plaza
3307:247 Cherry
3241:Metropolis
3229:, 193, 29.
1792:Retrieved
1025:References
896:foundation
684:Ogden Slip
392:developer
288:Architect
245:skyscraper
185:Floor area
3563:Ice Tower
3347:PVN Tower
2383:March 14,
2152:Bloomberg
1116:August 3,
892:cofferdam
663:, in the
657:Navy Pier
628:In 2016,
575:NBC Tower
535:NBC Tower
492:Ty Warner
478:Marketing
458:developer
456:and lead
212:Developer
164:Top floor
4037:Proposed
3991:Planned
3935:Arcology
3693:Sky City
3300:Proposed
3206:July 20,
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2243:Archived
1794:July 18,
1764:July 18,
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1707:July 18,
1678:July 18,
1649:July 18,
1645:. Repeat
1626:July 19,
1595:July 18,
1564:July 19,
1514:Business
1497:July 19,
1465:July 18,
1439:July 18,
1408:July 18,
1372:July 18,
1366:NBC News
1346:July 19,
1299:July 18,
1237:July 18,
1203:July 18,
1169:July 20,
1138:July 18,
1094:July 18,
1058:July 18,
993:See also
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678:and the
651:Location
567:bailouts
465:Approval
398:chairman
337:designed
326:CN Tower
280:Planning
89:Illinois
79:Location
3993:Chicago
3814:DIB-200
3408:1 Dubai
3382:Tower M
2759:Reuters
2409:May 15,
2275:May 20,
2239:Reuters
888:bedrock
837:caisson
760:lit by
730:thorium
547:AFL–CIO
435:parking
330:Toronto
298:of the
259:of the
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4024:Cirrus
3923:Xtopia
2467:Dezeen
2184:. 2010
2132:May 1,
902:Images
786:states
754:nature
243:was a
143:Height
61:Status
4015:1000M
3234:Azure
1402:(PDF)
1395:(PDF)
1030:Notes
879:Crane
790:lobby
390:Irish
3208:2009
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