Gregorian calendar

8378: 915: 1166: 3009: 2212: 865: 2857: 1141:). At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since the Council of Nicaea, resulting in the vernal equinox falling on 10 or 11 March instead of the ecclesiastically fixed date of 21 March, and if unreformed it would have drifted further. Lilius proposed that the 10-day drift should be corrected by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences over a period of forty years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March. 8372: 880: 896: 4751:... We as historians have no excuse for creating ambiguity and must keep to the notation described above in one of its forms. It is no good writing simply 20th January 1745, for a reader is left wondering whether we have used the Civil or the Historical Year. The date should either be written 20th January 1745 OS (if indeed it was Old Style) or as 20th January 1745/6. The hyphen (1745-6) is best avoided as it can be interpreted as indicating a period of time. 8153: 7191: 3110: 2333: 7181: 562:. To reinstate the association, the reform advanced the date by 10 days: Thursday 4 October 1582 was followed by Friday 15 October 1582. In addition, the reform also altered the lunar cycle used by the Church to calculate the date for Easter, because astronomical new moons were occurring four days before the calculated dates. Whilst the reform introduced minor changes, the calendar continued to be fundamentally based on the same 8163: 1308:). As the solar year is longer than the lunar year this originally entailed the use of "escape years" every so often when the number of the fiscal year would jump. From 1 March 1917 the fiscal year became Gregorian, rather than Julian. On 1 January 1926, the use of the Gregorian calendar was extended to include use for general purposes and the number of the year became the same as in most other countries. 585:", with Greece being the last European country to adopt the calendar (for civil use only) in 1923. However, many Orthodox churches continue to use the Julian calendar for religious rites and the dating of major feasts. To unambiguously specify a date during the transition period (in contemporary documents or in history texts), 4702:[The year of the ten-year cycle, which is the golden number 6, ends at the same time in the year of the Lord 1582 in the month of December. And in the month of January begins another year of the Lord, that is, 1583. And in the same month of January also another year of the golden number is ushered in, namely 7.] 2248:

where the dual year accounts for some countries already beginning their numbered year on 1 January while others were still using some other date. Even before 1582, the year sometimes had to be double-dated because of the different beginnings of the year in various countries. Woolley, writing in his biography of

1152:

The 19-year cycle used for the lunar calendar required revision because the astronomical new moon was, at the time of the reform, four days before the calculated new moon. It was to be corrected by one day every 300 or 400 years (8 times in 2500 years) along with corrections for the years that are no

2198:

In some countries, an official decree or law specified that the start of the year should be 1 January. For such countries, a specific date when a "1 January year" became the norm, can be identified. In other countries, the customs varied, and the start of the year moved back and forth as fashion and

2186:

Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed

1156:

When the new calendar was put in use, the error accumulated in the 13 centuries since the Council of Nicaea was corrected by a deletion of 10 days. The Julian calendar day Thursday, 4 October 1582 was followed by the first day of the Gregorian calendar, Friday, 15 October 1582 (the cycle of weekdays

1136:

is 365.24219 days long. A commonly used value in Lilius's time, from the Alfonsine tables, is 365.2425463 days. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every

545:

There were two reasons to establish the Gregorian calendar. First, the Julian calendar assumed incorrectly that the average solar year is exactly 365.25 days long, an overestimate of a little under one day per century, and thus has a leap year every four years without exception. The Gregorian reform

4750:

Before 1752, parish registers, in addition to a new year heading after 24th March showing, for example '1733', had another heading at the end of the following December indicating '1733/4'. This showed where the Historical Year 1734 started even though the Civil Year 1733 continued until 24th March.

2939:

is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the Gregorian system. When the Gregorian calendar was adopted by each country, the weekly cycle continued uninterrupted. For example, in the case of the few countries that adopted the reformed calendar on the date proposed by Gregory XIII for the

2983:

proposed a modification to the Gregorian calendar with 969 leap days every 4,000 years, instead of 970 leap days that the Gregorian calendar would insert over the same period. This would reduce the average year to 365.24225 days. Herschel's proposal would make the year 4000, and multiples thereof,

1128:

as the excess over 365 days (the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude) were 0;14,33,9,57 (Alfonsine), 0;14,33,11,12 (Copernicus) and 0;14,33,9,24 (Reinhold). In decimal notation, these are equal to 0.24254606, 0.24255185, and 0.24254352, respectively. All values are

1022:

to the Vatican for this purpose. However, the project was interrupted by the death of Regiomontanus shortly after his arrival in Rome. The increase of astronomical knowledge and the precision of observations towards the end of the 15th century made the question more pressing. Numerous publications

2975:

vernal equinox is variable; using the average interval between vernal equinoxes near 2000 of 365.24237 days implies an error closer to 1 day every 7,700 years. By any criterion, the Gregorian calendar is substantially more accurate than the 1 day in 128 years error of the Julian calendar (average

2247:

During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51",

1148:

The second component consisted of an approximation that would provide an accurate yet simple, rule-based calendar. Lilius's formula was a 10-day correction to revert the drift since the Council of Nicaea, and the imposition of a leap day in only 97 years in 400 rather than in 1 year in 4. The

938:

dated 24 February 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar is named. The motivation for the adjustment was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. The error in the Julian calendar (its

2408:

Usually, the mapping of new dates onto old dates with a start of year adjustment works well with little confusion for events that happened before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar. But for the period between the first introduction of the Gregorian calendar on 15 October 1582 and its

2397:, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting on 1 January, and no conversion to their Gregorian equivalents. For example, the 824:), the month (identified by name or number), and the day of the month (numbered sequentially starting from 1). Although the calendar year currently runs from 1 January to 31 December, at previous times year numbers were based on a different starting point within the calendar (see the 3461:(Prague 1401−4). A full set of Alphonsine Tables (including tables for mean motions, conjunctions of Sun and Moon, equation of time, spherical astronomy, longitudes and latitudes of cities, star tables, eclipse tables). For an example of the information provided see Jacques Cassini, 1144:

Lilius's work was expanded upon by Christopher Clavius in a closely argued, 800-page volume. He would later defend his and Lilius's work against detractors. Clavius's opinion was that the correction should take place in one move, and it was this advice that prevailed with Gregory.

1270:

countries initially objected to adopting a Catholic innovation; some Protestants feared the new calendar was part of a plot to return them to the Catholic fold. For example, the British could not bring themselves to adopt the Catholic system explicitly: the Annexe to their

532:

Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100, but these centurial years are leap years if they are exactly divisible by 400. For example, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years, but the year 2000

4698:

Annus Cycli decennouennalis, qui dr Aureus numerus est 6. terminaturque simulcu ipso anno Domini 1582 in mése Decembri. In mense autem Ianuario initium sumit alius annus Domini , nempe 1583. & in eodem mense Ianuario aslumitur etiam alius annuis Aurei numeri, nimirum

3665: 2156:

was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 January as the first day of the

2464:

and instead uses the ordinal numbers 1, 2, ... both for years AD and BC. Thus the traditional time line is 2 BC, 1 BC, AD 1, and AD 2. ISO 8601 uses astronomical year numbering which includes a year 0 and negative numbers before it. Thus the ISO 8601 time line is

3032:

in that particular year. The error shifts by about a quarter of a day per year. Centurial years are ordinary years, unless they are divisible by 400, in which case they are leap years. This causes a correction in the years 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300.

3529:

1919 in the regions comprising the former Kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro (present-day Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia and North Macedonia). The western and northern regions of what became Yugoslavia were already using the Gregorian calendar. For example, most of

1737:

The following equation gives the number of days that the Gregorian calendar is ahead of the Julian calendar, called the "secular difference" between the two calendars. A negative difference means the Julian calendar is ahead of the Gregorian calendar.

914: 1084:

Lilius's proposal included reducing the number of leap years in four centuries from 100 to 97, by making three out of four centurial years common instead of leap years. He also produced an original and practical scheme for adjusting the

2947:, in common use worldwide, starts with Monday=1; printed monthly calendar grids often list Mondays in the first (left) column of dates and Sundays in the last. In North America, the week typically begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday. 1813: 2434:

seemingly died on exactly the same date (23 April 1616), but Cervantes predeceased Shakespeare by ten days in real time (as Spain used the Gregorian calendar, but Britain used the Julian calendar). This coincidence encouraged

5263: 2301:

had done from 1600), while the second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, removing 11 days from the September 1752 calendar to do so. To accommodate the two calendar changes, writers used

947:

in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see

1733:

before 1582 (calculated backwards on the same basis, for years before 1582), and the difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates increases by three days every four centuries (all date ranges are inclusive).

2187:

the start of the year to 1 January in 1752 (so 1751 was a short year with only 282 days). Later in 1752 in September the Gregorian calendar was introduced throughout Britain and the British colonies (see the section

2902:

knuckles (July and August). The same procedure can be done using the knuckles of a single hand, returning from the last (July) to the first (August) and continuing through. A similar mnemonic is to move up a

4143:: the first known South American imprint, produced in 1584 by Antonio Ricardo, of a four-page edict issued by King Philip II of Spain in 1582, decreeing the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. 3036:

For instance, these corrections cause 23 December 1903 to be the latest December solstice, and 20 December 2096 to be the earliest solstice—about 2.35 days of variation compared with the astronomical event.

1072:

should be computed from the true motions of the Sun and Moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted. The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the

1907:. When subtracting days to calculate the Gregorian equivalent of 29 February (Julian), 29 February is discounted. Thus if the calculated value is −4 the Gregorian equivalent of this date is 24 February. 1204:

Although Gregory's reform was enacted in the most solemn of forms available to the Church, the bull had no authority beyond the Catholic Church (of which he was the supreme religious authority) and the

939:

assumption that there are exactly 365.25 days in a year) had led to the date of the equinox according to the calendar drifting from the observed reality, and thus an error had been introduced into the

1129:

the same to two sexagesimal places (0;14,33, equal to decimal 0.2425) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year. Thus Pitatus's solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.

1153:

longer leap years (i.e. 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, etc.) In fact, a new method for computing the date of Easter was introduced. The method proposed by Lilius was revised somewhat in the final reform.

5722:. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. 201–239. 5566:. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. 171–188. 5879:. Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Specolo Vaticano. pp. 17–74. 2183:

on 30 January as occurring in 1648 (as the year did not end until 24 March), although later histories adjust the start of the year to 1 January and record the execution as occurring in 1649.

831:

Calendar cycles repeat completely every 400 years, which equals 146,097 days. Of these 400 years, 303 are regular years of 365 days and 97 are leap years of 366 days. A mean calendar year is

2164:

During the Middle Ages, under the influence of the Catholic Church, many Western European countries moved the start of the year to one of several important Christian festivals—25 December (

1891: 3442:(most of Western Europe) during 780–800. The last monastery in England to accept the Alexandrian rules did so in 931, and a few churches in southwest Asia beyond the eastern border of the 1209:(which he personally ruled). The changes that he was proposing were changes to the civil calendar, which required adoption by the civil authorities in each country to have legal effect. 2882:/ But all the rest I can't remember" but it has also been called "probably the only sixteenth-century poem most ordinary citizens know by heart". A common nonverbal alternative is the 1180:

A month after having decreed the reform, the pope (with a brief of 3 April 1582) granted to one Antoni Lilio the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The

1096:, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the Sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. 1249:

and in the Papal States, the new calendar was implemented on the date specified by the bull, with Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582, being followed by Gregorian Friday, 15 October. The

5267: 2409:

introduction in Britain on 14 September 1752, there can be considerable confusion between events in continental western Europe and in British domains in English language histories.

3299:, the gap had increased to 11 days; when Russia and Greece did so (for their civil calendars) in the 20th century, the jump was 13 days. For other countries and territories, see 1300:

for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the

1741: 2161:. Even though the year used for dates changed, the civil year always displayed its months in the order January to December from the Roman Republican period until the present. 986:

on or after 21 March, which was adopted as an approximation to the March equinox. European scholars had been well aware of the calendar drift since the early medieval period.

1263:

because of delay in communication. The other major Catholic power of Western Europe, France, adopted the change a few months later: 9 December was followed by 20 December.

1186:

was printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome after the reform, notes at the bottom that it was signed with papal authorization and by Lilio (

625:. The months and length of months in the Gregorian calendar are the same as for the Julian calendar. The only difference is that the Gregorian reform omitted a leap day in 5737: 3517: 3300: 3180: 1317: 2955:

The Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425

1051:

in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. This would allow for more consistent and accurate scheduling of the feast of Easter.

8276: 2199:

influence from other countries dictated various customs. Neither the papal bull nor its attached canons explicitly fix such a date, though the latter states that the "

648:, the Catholic Church delayed February feasts after the 23rd by one day in leap years; masses celebrated according to the previous calendar still reflect this delay. 2175:

In common usage, 1 January was regarded as New Year's Day and celebrated as such, but from the 12th century until 1751 the legal year in England began on 25 March (

9825: 8199: 2172:), or Easter, while the Byzantine Empire began its year on 1 September and Russia did so on 1 March until 1492 when the new year was moved to 1 September. 1853: 1833: 3329:

cycle repeats only after 5,700,000 years of 2,081,882,250 days in 70,499,183 lunar months, based on an assumed mean lunar month of 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes

5717: 5558: 5874: 2270:"Old Style" (O.S.) and "New Style" (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the 4344: 2309:

For countries such as Russia where no start of year adjustment took place, O.S. and N.S. simply indicate the Julian and Gregorian dating systems. Many

4189: 3133: 1903:, add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar being converted 864: 2412:

Events in continental western Europe are usually reported in English language histories as happening under the Gregorian calendar. For example, the

6776: 5477:

Handy Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates With the Christian Era Giving an Account of the Chief Eras and Systems Used by Various Nations..

4458: 632:

A leap year normally occurs every four years: the leap day, historically, was inserted by doubling 24 February – there were indeed

4356: 6423: 1237:

decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. This affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over

1230:, and a few others. Consequently, the days on which Easter and related holidays were celebrated by different Christian Churches again diverged. 5310: 3995: 2252:(1527–1608/9), notes that immediately after 1582 English letter writers "customarily" used "two dates" on their letters, one OS and one NS. 9818: 9521: 9197: 8192: 7041: 3945:

He remarks that both the Alphonsine and the Prutenic Tables are several hours wrong with regard to the time of the equinoxes and solstices.

3516:, adoptions were made between 1584 and 1811. Some Catholic cantons switched in 1584, some Protestant in 1700/1701. For a complete list see 149: 5797:. Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary, 1582–1982. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Vatican Observatory ( 4425: 3325:

The cycle described applies to the solar, or civil, calendar. If one also considers the ecclesiastical lunar rules, the lunisolar Easter

5452: 558:

was occurring well before its nominal 21 March date. This date was important to the Christian churches because it is fundamental to the

1027:

in 1515 and 1578, but the project was not taken up again until the 1540s, and implemented only under Pope Gregory XIII (r. 1572–1585).

1275:

established a computation for the date of Easter that achieved the same result as Gregory's rules, without actually referring to him.

2216: 5922: 5229: 4568: 810:

Gregorian years are identified by consecutive year numbers. A calendar date is fully specified by the year (numbered according to a

8730: 4638: 2894:

as months with 31 days and the lower spaces between them as the months with fewer days. Using two hands, one may start from either

9811: 8185: 7762: 7598: 1190:). The papal brief was revoked on 20 September 1582, because Antonio Lilio proved unable to keep up with the demand for copies. 9945: 3008: 7227: 5635: 5408: 3968: 3938: 3614:

It is not unusual for month names to be based on natural descriptions but this etymology is sometimes doubted since no other

3177:, an international standard for the representation of dates and times, which uses the Gregorian calendar (see Section 3.2.1). 4898: 1446: 8968: 8699: 6568: 2799:

Europeans sometimes attempt to remember the number of days in each month by memorizing some form of the traditional verse "

879: 4599: 5981: 5941: 2354: 9315: 6859: 4538: 4490: 4092: 3909:

Tables astronomiques du soleil, de la lune, des planètes, des étoiles fixes, et des satellites de Jupiter et de Saturne

3464:

Tables astronomiques du soleil, de la lune, des planètes, des étoiles fixes, et des satellites de Jupiter et de Saturne

3093: 2708:

BC in agreement with July and from the occurrence during the month of several important events during his rise to power

1246: 1199: 17: 4109: 9516: 9112: 8450: 5950: 5817: 5756: 5440: 5340: 5183: 4949: 4924: 4224: 4054: 3830: 3740: 2984:

common instead of leap. While this modification has often been proposed since, it has never been officially adopted.

2380: 2987:

On time scales of thousands of years, the Gregorian calendar falls behind the astronomical seasons. This is because

2362: 1866: 895: 521:

differently so as to make the average calendar year 365.2425 days long, more closely approximating the 365.2422-day

9152: 6518: 4745: 3158: 979: 636:. However, for many years it has been customary to put the extra day at the end of the month of February, adding a 554:

in AD 325, the excess leap days introduced by the Julian algorithm had caused the calendar to drift such that the

7712: 7367: 3692: 3492:"New Almanac according to the new reform for the correction of the year, reformed by His Holiness Gregory XIII". 2940:

calendar's adoption, Friday, 15 October 1582, the preceding date was Thursday, 4 October 1582 (Julian calendar).

2936: 538: 5767: 3914:

Astronomical tables of the sun, the moon, the planets, the fixed stars, and the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn

2959:

long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,030 years with respect to the current value of the

1149:

proposed rule was that "years divisible by 100 would be leap years only if they were divisible by 400 as well".

8523: 7591: 2358: 1348: 1060:

was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments. Some of these experts, including

9562: 9310: 8704: 5381: 4655: 4341: 3313: 3296: 3143: 3123: 2265: 2261: 2192: 1272: 1242: 4082: 2274:

to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and the early 20th century.

9940: 9935: 9305: 7674: 6864: 6802: 6595: 4684: 3058: 2964: 2553: 2440: 2394: 2322: 1730: 1132:

Lilius's proposals had two components. First, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean

1014:, was aware of the need for calendar reform. An attempt to go forward with such a reform was undertaken by 546:

shortened the average (calendar) year by 0.0075 days to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the

35: 5575: 3369:, and the least common multiple (10,000) of the 400-year and 2,500-year solar and lunar correction cycles. 1023:

over the following decades called for a calendar reform, among them two papers sent to the Vatican by the

9930: 9495: 9365: 8659: 8639: 8585: 8470: 8306: 7965: 6702: 6030: 4455: 1856: 1100:

also noticed discrepancies. The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by

5472: 4579: 9705: 9685: 8326: 8311: 8249: 8228: 7317: 7297: 7036: 6841: 6677: 6186: 5895: 4353: 4282: 3593: 3446:

continued to use rules that differed slightly, causing four dates for Easter to differ every 532 years.

2800: 1227: 5473:"Commencement of the Year, on the 1st of January or otherwise, and adoption of the Gregorian Calendar" 1893:

means that if the result of the division is not an integer it is rounded down to the nearest integer.

1285:(including the eastern part of what is now the United States) adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752. 992:, writing in the 8th century, showed that the accumulated error in his time was more than three days. 9695: 9667: 9500: 9279: 8480: 8291: 8028: 7877: 7757: 7307: 7220: 6806: 4530:(Aulis-Verlag, Leipzig/Jena/Berlin 1981, p. 149), which is a German translation of С. И. Селешников: 4068: 1223: 4514:"Old Style and New Style Dates and the change to the Gregorian Calendar: A summary for genealogists" 4242:

Explanatory Supplement to The Astronomical Ephemeris and The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac

9762: 8961: 7727: 6739: 6282: 6223: 5571: 5502: 4833: 3265:

Many countries that use other calendars for religious purposes use the Gregorian calendar as their

2657: 2343: 2249: 2126: 1438: 1278: 1170:

Lunario Novo, Secondo la Nuova Riforma della Correttione del l'Anno Riformato da N.S. Gregorio XIII

983: 292: 5281: 4240: 3648:

Using value from Richards (2013, p. 587) for tropical year in mean solar days, the calculation is

2911:

from an F key, taking the white keys as the longer months and the black keys as the shorter ones.

1896:

The general rule, in years which are leap years in the Julian calendar but not the Gregorian, is:

9700: 9650: 9437: 9284: 8740: 8518: 8420: 8336: 8331: 7983: 7634: 6687: 6556: 5974: 3202: 2988: 2393:

Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces

2347: 2310: 2293:, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from 1089:

when calculating the annual date of Easter, solving a long-standing obstacle to calendar reform.

1048: 1024: 944: 924:(completed 1723); Antonio Lilio is genuflecting before the pope, presenting his printed calendar. 590: 551: 6119: 5911: 2460:, the traditional proleptic Gregorian calendar (like the older Julian calendar) does not have a 109: 9838: 9600: 9401: 9147: 9046: 7337: 6513: 6137: 3555: 3215: 3195: 2454: 2417: 1061: 645: 574: 119: 7123: 5398: 5175: 4616: 4449: 4422: 4214: 3820: 9859: 9202: 8893: 8166: 7798: 7743: 7697: 7682: 7327: 7152: 7147: 7140: 6914: 6376: 5332: 5208: 4138: 3960:

The Universal frame: historical essays in astronomy, natural philosophy and scientific method

3958: 3928: 3505: 3073: 3014:

This image shows the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the astronomical seasons.

2416:

is always given as 13 August 1704. Confusion occurs when an event affects both. For example,

3907: 3678:

calendar designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century.".

1165: 932:

The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar. It was instituted by papal bull

9635: 9576: 9552: 9547: 8720: 8634: 8460: 8321: 8049: 8018: 7467: 7362: 7213: 7021: 6904: 6729: 6637: 6255: 6149: 6065: 5836: 5792: 5779: 5704: 5667: 5545: 4294: 4175: 3274: 3169: 2200: 2180: 2052: 949: 617:

with 12 months of 28–31 days each. The year in both calendars consists of 365 days, with a

2203:" of 1752 ends in December and a new year (and new Golden number) begins in January 1753. 1808:{\displaystyle D=\left\lfloor {Y/100}\right\rfloor -\left\lfloor {Y/400}\right\rfloor -2,} 8: 9662: 9557: 9475: 9465: 9240: 9157: 9137: 9127: 8954: 8930: 8725: 8580: 8445: 8397: 7923: 7382: 7342: 7103: 6874: 6836: 6672: 6622: 6472: 6450: 6445: 6391: 6321: 6289: 4715:

The Queen's Conjurer: The science and magic of Dr. John Dee, adviser to Queen Elizabeth I

4565: 3115: 2431: 2427: 2398: 2065: 1093: 870: 436: 426: 238: 8266: 5840: 5783: 5708: 5671: 5549: 5247: 5225:

Cartapacio de syllaba, e figuras, conforme a ordem dos mais cartapacios de Grammatica...

4298: 9787: 9767: 9645: 9630: 9615: 9537: 9336: 9102: 8905: 8679: 8533: 7872: 7850: 7717: 7541: 7512: 7440: 7194: 7011: 6909: 6632: 6610: 6575: 6546: 6351: 6331: 6045: 6009: 5967: 5852: 5749:

The Oxford Companion to the Year: An exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning

5683: 5598: 3989: 3562:

population and was formally adopted for government use in 1878 following occupation by

3439: 3078: 2992: 2960: 2956: 2812: 2661: 2624: 2543: 2413: 1963: 1838: 1818: 1442: 1371: 1234: 641: 573:

countries of Europe and their overseas possessions. Over the next three centuries, the

248: 186: 4323: 3886: 2420:

set sail from the Netherlands on 11 November 1688 (Gregorian calendar) and arrived at

2211: 9904: 9595: 9391: 9386: 9230: 9066: 8753: 8618: 8435: 7953: 7832: 7732: 7585: 7488: 7392: 7184: 7051: 7046: 6792: 6744: 6682: 6662: 6477: 6428: 6398: 6336: 6299: 6294: 6240: 6203: 6144: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6035: 5937:

World records for mentally calculating the day of the week in the Gregorian Calendar

5936: 5919: 5856: 5813: 5752: 5696: 5687: 5631: 5493: 5436: 5430: 5404: 5336: 5304: 5179: 5150: 4945: 4920: 4220: 4088: 4050: 3964: 3934: 3826: 3736: 3580: 3575:

Protestant states in Germany used an astronomical Easter from 1700 to 1774, based on

3551: 3509: 3185: 3153: 3053: 2500: 2447: 2290: 2015: 1989: 1254: 1110: 934: 904: 578: 570: 510: 504: 371: 356: 336: 316: 166: 99: 87: 42: 5828: 5655: 5533: 4534:(Издательство "Наука", Moscow 1977). The relevant chapter is available online here: 9792: 9741: 9657: 9605: 9381: 9359: 9225: 9122: 8898: 8644: 8623: 8575: 8538: 8351: 8071: 8059: 7887: 7855: 7687: 7556: 7472: 7462: 7377: 7031: 6771: 6761: 6657: 6462: 6457: 6386: 6346: 6326: 6316: 6272: 6198: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6132: 6060: 6040: 5844: 5675: 5590: 4153: 3477: 3443: 3190: 2904: 2883: 2861: 2653: 2574: 1293: 1286: 1115: 1105: 1065: 1036: 563: 498:

used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the

446: 346: 201: 196: 176: 129: 1176:

by Vincenzo Accolti in 1582, one of the first printed editions of the new calendar

982:

of the equinox and observed reality. Easter is celebrated on the Sunday after the

9803: 9725: 9690: 9677: 9640: 9587: 9445: 9340: 9274: 9235: 9072: 8629: 8608: 8440: 8412: 8177: 8133: 7998: 7975: 7943: 7895: 7882: 7845: 7827: 7457: 7452: 7061: 7056: 6987: 6851: 6816: 6766: 6724: 6642: 6627: 6563: 6551: 6541: 6487: 6418: 6408: 6341: 6304: 6245: 6208: 6161: 6156: 5954: 5926: 5829:"Historical values of the Earth's clock error ΔT and the calculation of eclipses" 5586: 5497: 5468: 5326: 5223: 5169: 4919:. Aspects of Greek and Roman Life. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 96. 4659: 4603: 4583: 4572: 4542: 4477: 4462: 4429: 4360: 4348: 3563: 3559: 3378:

The same result is obtained by summing the fractional parts implied by the rule:

3148: 3128: 3046: 2931:. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the 2684: 2531: 2504: 2480: 2453:

For dates before the year 1, unlike the proleptic Gregorian calendar used in the

2271: 1120: 1078: 975: 921: 886: 610: 514: 469: 454: 411: 401: 391: 258: 228: 218: 205: 139: 77: 31: 6615: 5626:

Richards, E. G. (2013). "Calendars". In Urban, S. E.; Seidelmann, P. K. (eds.).

1104:

of Verona in 1560. He noted that it is consistent with the tropical year of the

9625: 9423: 9411: 9355: 9350: 9344: 9269: 9192: 9117: 8925: 8684: 8674: 8613: 8570: 8402: 8392: 8361: 8261: 8233: 8076: 8066: 7865: 7737: 7707: 7692: 7477: 7435: 7430: 7302: 7026: 6884: 6749: 6734: 6692: 6667: 6605: 6600: 6523: 6508: 6482: 6435: 6413: 6403: 6309: 6277: 6262: 6230: 6213: 6181: 6055: 6014: 6004: 5848: 5679: 4596: 3266: 3068: 2922: 2804: 2803:". It appears in Latin, Italian, French and Portuguese, and belongs to a broad 2689: 2306:

to identify a given day by giving its date according to both styles of dating.

2149: 2132: 2078: 1933: 1538: 1282: 1250: 1137:

400 years. Lilius's proposal resulted in an average year of 365.2425 days (see

1101: 1015: 961: 614: 598: 559: 381: 268: 5906: 4829: 3316:

restates the algorithm from first principles without any reference to Gregory.

9924: 9542: 9460: 9455: 9406: 9396: 9036: 8812: 8763: 8748: 8694: 8465: 8301: 8296: 8212: 8156: 8106: 8054: 7988: 7960: 7948: 7938: 7928: 7810: 7654: 7580: 7529: 7482: 7397: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7280: 6754: 6707: 6697: 6652: 6647: 6492: 6467: 6440: 6381: 6364: 6235: 6218: 6099: 6070: 5932:

The Perpetual Calendar Gregorian Calendar adoption dates for many countries.

5204: 5154: 4695:] (in Latin). apud Ioannes Bapt. Sessam, & fratres. pp. 17, 18. 4536:История календаря в России и в СССР (Calendar history in Russia and the USSR) 3674:, p. 45. "The calendar in use today in most of the world is the Gregorian or 3583:, differing from the Gregorian Easter twice, one week early in 1724 and 1744. 3362: 3312:...to avoid any appearance of recognising the authority of Rome. The British 3138: 2980: 2895: 2676: 2583: 2562: 1428: 1416: 1375: 1356: 1305: 1238: 1219: 1133: 1044: 1040: 1019: 971: 594: 555: 522: 326: 279: 7135: 5891: 5656:"The Length of the Year in the Original Proposal for the Gregorian Calendar" 5630:(3rd ed.). Mill Valley CA: University Science Books. pp. 585–624. 5594: 4535: 3554:, adopted it in 1587 along with Hungary. The Gregorian calendar was used in 2313:

countries continue to use the older Julian calendar for religious purposes.

1218:

became the law of the Catholic Church in 1582, but it was not recognised by

9620: 9418: 9132: 9107: 9092: 9058: 9018: 8910: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8774: 8513: 8128: 8122: 7788: 7722: 7644: 7575: 7524: 7425: 7372: 7312: 7091: 7066: 6941: 6869: 6359: 5948:

Today's date (Gregorian) in over 800 more-or-less obscure foreign languages

5576:"'Give us our eleven days!': calendar reform in eighteenth-century England" 5515: 5511: 5264:"Welsh Author Digs Deep to Find Medieval Origins of Thirty Days Hath Verse" 5167: 3083: 2899: 2870: 2641: 2535: 2169: 2153: 1976: 1938: 1605: 1206: 1092:

Ancient tables provided the Sun's mean longitude. The German mathematician

811: 53: 2401:

is universally considered to have been fought on 25 October 1415 which is

9874: 9320: 9217: 9179: 9162: 9097: 9078: 9011: 8991: 8920: 8915: 8560: 8543: 8475: 8455: 8341: 8223: 8138: 8116: 8023: 8008: 7803: 7783: 7773: 7702: 7659: 7639: 7568: 7387: 7289: 7071: 6997: 6966: 6961: 6879: 6369: 3688: 3513: 3286:

Rather than 45 BC when the Roman Empire adopted the Julian calendar.

3231: 3088: 2996: 2874:

and continue to be taught at schools. The unhelpfulness of such involved

2608: 2511: 2303: 2242: 1726: 1613: 1125: 1097: 993: 816: 637: 586: 159: 155: 6717: 5947: 5810:

Calendar: Humanity's Epic Struggle To Determine A True And Accurate Year

5716:

Ziggelaar, A. (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.).

5557:

Moyer, Gordon (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.).

4742:"Old Style and New Style Dates and the change to the Gregorian Calendar" 4741: 4513: 4194: 3605:

Lorraine reverted to Julian in 1735 and adopted Gregorian again in 1760.

3438:

The last major Christian region to accept the Alexandrian rules was the

2971:(which affects the Earth's orbital speed) the error with respect to the 2856: 9894: 9889: 9869: 9087: 9082: 8977: 8935: 8888: 8872: 8758: 8664: 8485: 8346: 8316: 8254: 8033: 7933: 7840: 7815: 7618: 7402: 7086: 7081: 7016: 7006: 7001: 6826: 6191: 5529: 5101: 5079: 5057: 5013: 4991: 4969: 4850: 4763: 3627:

This derivation was apparently a popular one in ancient Rome, given by

3237: 3164: 2968: 2808: 2527: 1594: 1570: 1405: 1360: 1301: 1297: 1267: 850:

days = 365.2425 days, or 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes and 12 seconds.

821: 499: 5931: 5873:

Pedersen, O (1983). Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O. (eds.).

5602: 5123: 5035: 4793: 4652: 4259:(2nd ed., Dansk Historisk Fællesforening, Copenhagen 1967), pp. 48–50. 4134: 2594:, of uncertain meaning but usually derived from some form of the verb 9777: 9757: 9490: 9450: 9187: 8996: 8832: 8669: 8553: 8528: 8508: 8425: 8377: 8371: 8356: 8096: 8013: 7649: 7561: 7536: 7517: 7407: 7164: 7128: 7096: 6992: 6971: 6951: 6075: 5451:

Blegen, Carl W. (25 December 2013). Vogeikoff-Brogan, Natalia (ed.).

4942:

Time in Roman religion : one thousand years of religious history

4872: 2603: 2546: 2515: 2461: 2165: 1518: 691: 633: 622: 518: 513:, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the 479: 305: 4687:[Canon I: On the nineteenth yearly cycle • golden numbers]. 3733:

Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution: From Copernicus to Newton

2898:

knuckle as January and count across, omitting the space between the

2807:

but the earliest currently attested form of the poem is the English

2332: 2179:). So, for example, the Parliamentary record lists the execution of 9899: 9879: 9854: 9772: 9610: 9254: 9167: 8867: 8847: 8689: 8595: 8495: 8286: 8281: 7664: 7507: 7417: 7275: 7265: 7159: 6956: 5990: 4894: 4364:(Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891–1898) 3780: 3628: 3531: 3174: 3029: 2944: 2908: 2875: 2701: 2457: 2298: 2294: 2176: 2158: 1528: 1340: 1074: 966: 940: 618: 495: 6712: 5751:(corrected reprinting of 1999 ed.). Oxford University Press. 9864: 9782: 9006: 9001: 8862: 8852: 8782: 8654: 8565: 8430: 8003: 7993: 7915: 7906: 7891: 7778: 7623: 7546: 7255: 5739:

The Scattered Pearls: A History Of Syriac Literature And Sciences

3636: 3592:

In 1793 France abandoned the Gregorian calendar in favour of the

3547: 3539: 3535: 3295:

By the time Great Britain and its possessions adopted the reform

3109: 2932: 2887: 2720: 2578: 2549: 2421: 2402: 2286: 2278: 2113: 1566: 1556: 1548: 1504: 1460: 1424: 1385: 629:

centurial years every 400 years and left the leap day unchanged.

547: 7793: 8857: 8807: 8802: 8101: 7260: 5228:, Western Lisbon: Officina de Antonio Pedrozo Galram, pp. 3983:

by nineteen hours as to the time of the vernal equinox of 1588.

3576: 3543: 2927:

In conjunction with the system of months, there is a system of

2557: 2436: 1590: 1580: 1552: 1514: 1456: 1420: 1395: 1344: 1069: 416: 5349: 3839: 978:

considered unacceptable the increasing divergence between the

9884: 9207: 8946: 8837: 8649: 8548: 8503: 8111: 7860: 7551: 7499: 6946: 4245:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1961. p. 417. 3851: 3632: 3366: 2539: 2282: 1500: 1490: 1480: 1470: 1352: 1336: 1086: 1004: 653: 525:

that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun.

361: 5959: 5719:

The Papal Bull of 1582 Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar

5488:(in Spanish). Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. 4617:"House of Commons Journal Volume 8, 9 June 1660 (Regicides)" 4576: 4178:. Parliament of Great Britain – via National Archives. 3822:

Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences

3731:

Applebaum, Wilbur (2000). "Clavius, Christoph (1538-1612)".

3518:

List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar per country

9909: 9849: 9834: 9141: 9023: 8842: 8827: 8817: 8271: 8208: 7250: 7236: 7076: 5400:

Marking Time: The Epic Quest to Invent the Perfect Calendar

3301:

List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country

3270: 3181:

List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country

2943:

Opinions vary about the numbering of the days of the week.

2928: 2891: 2620: 2483:

months, which have Latinate names and irregular numbers of

1597:

years; Gregorian dates in use since 1917 Ottoman adoption)

1318:

List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country

1188:

Con licentia delli Superiori... et permissu Ant(onii) Lilij

1173: 989: 8277:

International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service

5361: 3802: 3800: 3714: 3712: 3710: 9041: 8822: 5901: 5746: 5428: 4450:

Storia del governo della Toscana: sotto La casa de'Medici

4200: 3916:] (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Royale. p. T10. 2743:, "eighth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus 2484: 5791:

Coyne, G. V.; Hoskin, M. A.; Pedersen, O., eds. (1983).

5649:(2nd ed.). Sausalito, CA: University Science Books. 4439:(1920) 18–32. Decree of Peter the Great is on pp. 23–24. 4110:"6 Things You May Not Know About the Gregorian Calendar" 4026: 3893:

The tablet of the most illustrious prince King Alphonsus

2935:

and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month.

2785:, "tenth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus 2764:, "ninth month", of the ten-month Roman year of Romulus 1316:

This is a brief summary. For a comprehensive table, see

581:

countries also gradually moved to what they called the "

30:

For the calendar of religious holidays and periods, see

7205: 5703:. Vol. 53, no. 6. pp. 162–178, 218–232. 4721: 4014: 3797: 3761: 3707: 2989:

the Earth's speed of rotation is gradually slowing down

1043:

to reform the calendar, requiring that the date of the

5876:

The Ecclesiastical Calendar and the Life of the Church

5747:

Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (2003).

5506:(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5429:

Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (1999).

5198: 4771: 4664: 4354:

Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit

4262: 2991:, which makes each day slightly longer over time (see 2219:, recording his date of death as 28 January 1614:

Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates

5522:

Amongst the most serious tasks of our pastoral office

4645: 4379: 4049:. Reggio Calabria: Laruffa Editore. pp. 14, 52. 3933:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 52. 3785: 1869: 1841: 1821: 1744: 1047:

be restored to that which it held at the time of the

5864:

Moyer, Gordon (May 1982). "The Gregorian Calendar".

4002: 3868: 3866: 3105: 2999:) while the year maintains a more uniform duration. 9522:

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)

5790: 5772:

Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada

3534:adopted the Gregorian calendar at the same time as 2446:Astronomers avoid this ambiguity by the use of the 1160: 9833: 8207: 5826: 5647:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac 5628:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac 5492: 4586:"I sat down to end my journell for this year, ..." 4403: 4367: 4304: 3671: 2719:, "seventh month", of the ten-month Roman year of 1899:Up to 28 February in the calendar being converted 1885: 1847: 1827: 1807: 1711:This section always places the intercalary day on 873:(1538–1612), one of the main authors of the reform 597:countries also adopted the calendar, at least for 593:as appropriate. During the 20th century, most non- 5562:Compendium Novae Rationis Restituendi Kalendarium 4685:"Canon I: De cyclo decennovenalli • aurei numeri" 4190:Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars 4047:Luigi Lilio Medico Astronomo e Matematico di Cirò 3863: 3749: 3546:, adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1582. Inland 3134:Conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars 2967:, which is not constant, and the movement of the 2424:in England on 5 November 1688 (Julian calendar). 9922: 5800:Pontificia Academia Scientarum, Specola Vaticana 4682: 4400:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784. 4340:Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, " 4219:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 169. 2878:has been parodied as "Thirty days hath September 2679:", the month of Caesar's birth, instituted in 44 2255: 1725:(twice sixth) or bissextile day) until the late 5538:Journal of the British Astronomical Association 5483: 5331:, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 3845: 3361:is due to its being the product of the 19-year 2479:The Gregorian calendar continued to employ the 2316: 1715:even though it was always obtained by doubling 1124:). The three mean tropical years in Babylonian 1108:and with the mean tropical year of Copernicus ( 5868:. Vol. 246, no. 5. pp. 144–152. 5168:Onofri, Francesca Romana; et al. (2012), 4917:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic 3884: 3365:, the thirty different possible values of the 1886:{\displaystyle \left\lfloor {x}\right\rfloor } 9819: 8962: 8193: 7221: 5975: 5798: 4216:The history and practice of ancient astronomy 4062: 3888:Tabule illustrissimi principis regis alfonsii 3458:Tabule illustrissimi principis regis alfonsii 2191:). These two reforms were implemented by the 1181: 5944:– Frequently Asked Questions about Calendars 5510: 5145:de Dacia, Petrus. Pedersen, Fritz S. (ed.). 4396: 4394: 3718: 3462: 3273:is a notable exception, in that it uses the 1003:estimated the error at seven or eight days. 5827:Morrison, L. V.; Stephenson, F. R. (2004). 5528: 5367: 4020: 3818: 3456: 3357:The extreme length of the Gregorian Easter 3235: 2779: 2758: 2737: 2713: 2694: 2669: 2646: 2629: 2613: 2596: 2588: 2567: 2520: 2493: 2361:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1720: 1619:Conversion from Julian to Gregorian dates. 1258: 1213: 1055: 902: 502: 9826: 9812: 8969: 8955: 8200: 8186: 7228: 7214: 7180: 5982: 5968: 5644: 5619:Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History 5355: 5309:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5299:, Cincinnati, 20 September 1924, p. 6 5199:Bond, Otto Ferdinand; et al. (1918), 4597:The Perpetual Calendar: What about England 4478:Legislazione toscana raccolta e illustrata 4176:"Calendar (New Style) Act 1750, Section 3" 4154:"The Calendar FAQ: The Gregorian Calendar" 4135:""Pragmatica" on the Ten Days of the Year" 4044: 3994:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3488: 3486: 3007: 3002: 2507:of gates, doorways, beginnings and endings 1245:. In these territories, as well as in the 825: 34:. For this year's Gregorian calendar, see 5765: 5715: 4964: 4962: 4391: 4032: 3857: 3730: 3476:For an explanation of this notation, see 2381:Learn how and when to remove this message 9517:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) 8731:International Commission on Stratigraphy 5872: 5653: 5625: 5616: 5379: 5284:. London: BBC Radio 4. 30 November 2011. 5261: 5221: 4939: 4914: 4827: 4739: 4064:Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze 4008: 3806: 3767: 3205:(Milanković) – used in Eastern Orthodoxy 2855: 2210: 1910: 1164: 569:The reform was adopted initially by the 5735: 5324: 5050: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4712: 4201:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens (1999) 3905: 3483: 3428:= 365 + 0.25 − 0.01 + 0.0025 = 365.2425 3028:Each point is the date and time of the 2602:("to open") or the name of the goddess 27:Internationally accepted civil calendar 14: 9923: 5807: 5768:"The tropical calendar and solar year" 5694: 5450: 5403:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 185. 5245: 5241: 5239: 5028: 5006: 4984: 4959: 4865: 4843: 4756: 4748:from the original on 11 October 2014. 4280: 4188:A more extensive list is available at 4087:. Yale University Press. p. 248. 3926: 3825:. Vol. 1. Springer. p. 863. 3791: 3755: 2864:for the days of the months of the year 2217:All Saints' Church, North Street, York 1311: 9807: 8950: 8181: 7209: 5963: 5863: 5570: 5556: 5396: 5318: 5262:Misstear, Rachael (16 January 2012). 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4727: 4212: 4107: 4080: 3956: 3872: 3500: 3498: 3348:seconds. (Seidelmann (1992), p. 582) 1292:Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar 1183:Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma 970: – of the date of the 8162: 5833:Journal for the History of Astronomy 5660:Journal for the History of Astronomy 5467: 5222:Portella, Mathias Rodrigues (1738), 5201:Military Manual of Elementary French 5144: 5116: 5094: 5072: 4893: 4781: 4717:. New York: Henry Holt. p. 173. 4670: 4511: 4409: 4385: 4373: 4310: 4268: 2823: 2359:adding citations to reliable sources 2326: 517:. The principal change was to space 5236: 5161: 5147:Anianus: Computus Metricus Manualis 4740:Spathaky, Mike (13 December 2011). 4733: 4283:"The reform of the Julian calendar" 3596:. This change was reverted in 1805. 3040: 3025:-axis is Gregorian calendar years. 964:is a function – the 943:. Although a recommendation of the 853: 24: 9316:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar 5728: 5534:"The history of the tropical year" 4828:Liberman, Anatoly (7 March 2007), 4808: 4505: 4071:A.A., Arm. I‑XVIII, 5506, f. 362r. 3975:He noted on one occasion that the 3495: 3210:Precursors of the Gregorian reform 3021:-axis is the date in June and the 2835:And alle the remenaunt xxx and j. 2148:The year used in dates during the 1447:"First" British Empire (1707–1783) 1200:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar 25: 9957: 8451:Discrete time and continuous time 5885: 5479:. London: George Bell & Sons. 4944:. London: Routledge. p. 10. 4838:, Oxford: Oxford University Press 4776:, Oxford: Oxford University Press 4689:Kalendarium Gregorianum perpetuum 4423:The reform of the Julian calendar 3542:, which was at the time ruled by 2627:whose name is cognate with Latin 941:calculation of the date of Easter 609:The Gregorian calendar, like the 560:calculation of the date of Easter 550:. Second, in the years since the 8376: 8370: 8161: 8152: 8151: 7190: 7189: 7179: 5794:Gregorian Reform of the Calendar 5524:]. Translated by Wikisource. 5486:Salamanca y la medida del tiempo 5432:The Oxford Companion to the Year 5390: 5373: 5246:Bryan, Roger (30 October 2011). 4324:"Calendrier grégorien en France" 4108:Cohen, Jennie (23 August 2018). 3672:Dershowitz & Reingold (2008) 3642: 3108: 3063:International Perpetual calendar 2711:September (30 days), from Latin 2331: 2215:Memorial plaque to John Etty in 1161:First printed Gregorian calendar 974:in the northern hemisphere, the 913: 894: 878: 863: 9198:English and British regnal year 7042:English and British regnal year 5915:(in Latin, French, and English) 5645:Seidelmann, P. K., ed. (1992). 5455:. From the Archivist's Notebook 5289: 5274: 5255: 5215: 5192: 5138: 4933: 4908: 4887: 4830:"On a Self-Congratulatory Note" 4706: 4676: 4631: 4609: 4589: 4559: 4520: 4483: 4470: 4442: 4415: 4334: 4316: 4274: 4249: 4233: 4206: 4182: 4168: 4146: 4127: 4101: 4074: 4038: 3950: 3920: 3899: 3878: 3812: 3773: 3693:United States Naval Observatory 3621: 3608: 3599: 3586: 3569: 3523: 3470: 3449: 3432: 3372: 3351: 3319: 2937:Calculating the day of the week 2777:December (31 days), from Latin 2756:November (30 days), from Latin 2534:of purgation and purification, 2297:(25 March) to 1 January (which 885:Pope Gregory XIII, portrait by 621:being added to February in the 539:United States Naval Observatory 8976: 8524:History of timekeeping devices 5484:Carabias Torres, A. M (2012). 5248:"The Oldest Rhyme in the Book" 4545:. Anno Mundi 7000 lasted from 4532:История календаря и хронология 4491:"Roman Dates: Eponymous Years" 4061:citing as primary references: 3724: 3681: 3558:since the 16th century by the 3306: 3289: 3280: 3259: 3094:Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar 2848:And all the remnant 30 and 1. 2735:October (31 days), from Latin 2704:", instituted by Augustus in 8 2491:January (31 days), from Latin 2206: 1835:is the secular difference and 1349:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1247:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1030: 660: 652:A year is divided into twelve 604: 13: 1: 9946:1582 establishments in Europe 9311:Old Style and New Style dates 5989: 5920:History of Gregorian Calendar 5835:. 35, part 3 (120): 327–336. 5742:. Piscataway: Georgias Press. 5736:Barsoum, Ignatius A. (2003). 5421: 5266:. Media Wales. Archived from 4045:Mezzi, E.; Vizza, F. (2010). 3314:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 3243: 3223: 3144:French revolutionary calendar 3124:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 2815: 2786: 2765: 2744: 2723: 2266:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 2262:Old Style and New Style dates 2256:Old Style and New Style dates 2193:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 2188: 1273:Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 1138: 1008: 997: 955: 952:for the issues which arose). 920:Detail of the pope's tomb by 901:First page of the papal bull 640:for the leap day. Before the 9263:Pre-Julian / Julian 4693:Perpetual Gregorian calendar 4639:"Death warrant of Charles I" 3658: 3222:("On reckoning the years"), 3159:Inter gravissimas in English 3059:International Fixed Calendar 2441:World Book and Copyright Day 2323:Proleptic Gregorian calendar 2317:Proleptic Gregorian calendar 1729:. The Gregorian calendar is 1704: 1689: 1674: 1659: 1644: 528:The rule for leap years is: 36:Leap year starting on Monday 7: 9496:Geological history of Earth 9366:Astronomical year numbering 8471:Gravitational time dilation 8307:Barycentric Coordinate Time 7966:Geological history of Earth 5695:Walker, G. W. (June 1945). 5435:. Oxford University Press. 5325:Holland, Norman N. (1992), 5250:. London: Times Newspapers. 4835:Oxford Etymologist Archives 4528:Wieviel Monde hat ein Jahr? 3689:"Introduction to Calendars" 3101: 3049:of the Gregorian calendar: 2965:precession of the equinoxes 2950: 2844:April, June, and September. 2667:July (31 days), from Latin 1857:astronomical year numbering 1693: 1678: 1663: 1648: 1633: 1193: 10: 9962: 8327:Geocentric Coordinate Time 8312:Barycentric Dynamical Time 8250:Coordinated Universal Time 7318:Orders of magnitude (time) 5849:10.1177/002182860403500305 5680:10.1177/002182868601700204 5621:. Oxford University Press. 4713:Woolley, Benjamin (2001). 3594:French Republican Calendar 2963:. However, because of the 2920: 2842:Thirty days have November, 2829:Thirti dayes hath novembir 2801:Thirty Days Hath September 2320: 2259: 2240: 1315: 1228:Oriental Orthodox Churches 1197: 634:two days dated 24 February 591:'Old Style' or 'New Style' 523:'tropical' or 'solar' year 40: 29: 9845: 9750: 9734: 9718: 9676: 9668:Thermoluminescence dating 9586: 9575: 9563:Samarium–neodymium dating 9530: 9509: 9483: 9474: 9436: 9374: 9329: 9293: 9262: 9253: 9216: 9178: 9057: 9032: 8984: 8881: 8772: 8739: 8713: 8594: 8494: 8481:Time-translation symmetry 8411: 8385: 8368: 8292:International Atomic Time 8242: 8219: 8147: 8089: 8042: 8029:Time translation symmetry 7974: 7914: 7904: 7826: 7753: 7673: 7614: 7498: 7416: 7326: 7288: 7274: 7243: 7175: 7116: 6980: 6934: 6923: 6893: 6850: 6785: 6588: 6534: 6501: 6095: 6084: 6023: 5997: 5766:Borkowski, K. M. (1991). 5368:Meeus & Savoie (1992) 5132:Oxford English Dictionary 5110:Oxford English Dictionary 5088:Oxford English Dictionary 5066:Oxford English Dictionary 5044:Oxford English Dictionary 5022:Oxford English Dictionary 5000:Oxford English Dictionary 4978:Oxford English Dictionary 4881:Oxford English Dictionary 4859:Oxford English Dictionary 4802:Oxford English Dictionary 4773:Oxford English Dictionary 4683:Chiesa Cattolica (1752). 4577:The Diary of Samuel Pepys 4571:29 September 2007 at the 4069:Vatican Apostolic Archive 4021:Meeus & Savoie (1992) 3906:Cassini, Jacques (1740). 3819:Ben-Menahem, Ari (2009). 2979:In the 19th century, Sir 2831:April june and Septembir. 2474: 1224:Eastern Orthodox Churches 587:both notations were given 9382:Chinese sexagenary cycle 7235: 5654:Swerdlow, N. M. (1986). 5617:Richards, E. G. (1998). 5560:Aloisius Lilius and the 5503:Calendrical Calculations 4658:12 November 2019 at the 4619:. British History Online 4606:Version 29 February 2000 4566:Tuesday 31 December 1661 4456:Il calendario fiorentino 4428:30 December 2015 at the 3252: 2916: 2656:", the Roman goddess of 2469:, 0000, 0001, and 0002. 1257:followed somewhat later 984:ecclesiastical full moon 461: 212: 41:Not to be confused with 9596:Amino acid racemisation 8741:Astronomical chronology 8714:Archaeology and geology 8421:Absolute space and time 8337:IERS Reference Meridian 8332:International Date Line 8243:International standards 7984:Absolute space and time 7635:Astronomical chronology 6110:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda) 5380:Herschel, John (1849). 5297:The Cincinnati Enquirer 4541:17 October 2009 at the 4281:Lamont, Roscoe (1920), 3885:John of Saxony (1401). 3650:1/(365.2425-365.24217). 3618:months have such names. 3203:Revised Julian calendar 3003:Calendar seasonal error 2868:Variations appeared in 2685:his calendrical reforms 2004:Spain, Poland, Portugal 1363:, and colonies thereof 1049:First Council of Nicaea 1025:University of Salamanca 945:First Council of Nicaea 826:"beginning of the year" 552:First Council of Nicaea 484:1704067200 – 1735689599 396:Gregorian minus 13 days 9839:religion and mythology 9601:Archaeomagnetic dating 9113:Era of Caesar (Iberia) 8034:Time reversal symmetry 7338:Italian six-hour clock 7141:Dungeons & Dragons 6547:Ethiopian and Eritrean 5925:6 January 2014 at the 5799: 5397:Steel, Duncan (2000). 5207:: E.L. Steck, p. 4915:Scullard, H H (1990). 4653:The Perpetual Calendar 4602:30 August 2007 at the 4351:" (Easter beginning), 4063: 3963:. London. p. 29. 3927:Dreyer, J L E (2014). 3846:Carabias Torres (2012) 3735:. Garland Publishing. 3556:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3463: 3457: 3236: 3216:Johannes de Sacrobosco 3196:Greek Old Calendarists 2865: 2840: 2827: 2780: 2759: 2738: 2714: 2695: 2692:(31 days), from Latin 2670: 2647: 2644:(30 days), from Latin 2635:("great") and English 2630: 2614: 2611:(31 days), from Latin 2597: 2589: 2586:(30 days), from Latin 2568: 2565:(31 days), from Latin 2552:("Purifier"), and the 2521: 2494: 2455:international standard 2418:William III of England 2238: 1955:13th to 16th centuries 1887: 1849: 1829: 1809: 1721: 1259: 1233:On 29 September 1582, 1214: 1182: 1177: 1062:Giambattista Benedetti 1056: 1018:, who in 1475 invited 903: 646:General Roman Calendar 543: 503: 120:Balinese saka calendar 9501:Geological time units 8700:Weekday determination 8586:Sundial markup schema 7799:Time and fate deities 7744:The Unreality of Time 7683:A series and B series 7153:The Lord of the Rings 6860:Hanke–Henry Permanent 5808:Duncan, D. E (1999). 5595:10.1093/past/149.1.95 5532:; Savoie, D. (1992). 5383:Outlines of Astronomy 5282:"Memorable mnemonics" 4461:10 March 2017 at the 4213:Evans, James (1998). 4139:World Digital Library 4081:Kamen, Henry (1998). 3506:Old Swiss Confederacy 3478:Sexagesimal#Notations 3297:with effect from 1752 3074:World Season Calendar 2859: 2510:February (28 days in 2439:to make 23 April the 2214: 1911:Beginning of the year 1888: 1850: 1830: 1810: 1700:From 16 February 2100 1685:From 17 February 1900 1670:From 18 February 1800 1655:From 19 February 1700 1168: 530: 9553:Law of superposition 9548:Isotope geochemistry 8721:Chronological dating 8461:Theory of relativity 8322:Daylight saving time 8050:Chronological dating 8019:Theory of relativity 7363:Daylight saving time 5953:8 March 2023 at the 5174:, Berlitz, pp. 5149:(in Latin). Odense. 4641:. National Archives. 4582:1 March 2021 at the 4526:S. I. Seleschnikow: 4359:28 June 2016 at the 4347:13 July 2016 at the 3860:, pp. 211, 214. 3275:solar Hijri calendar 3170:History of calendars 2833:Of xxviij is but oon 2395:a proleptic calendar 2355:improve this section 2053:Southern Netherlands 1867: 1839: 1819: 1742: 1702:to 14 February 2200 1697:to 28 February 2200 1687:to 15 February 2100 1682:to 28 February 2100 1672:to 16 February 1900 1667:to 28 February 1900 1657:to 17 February 1800 1652:to 28 February 1800 1642:to 18 February 1700 1637:to 28 February 1700 1635:From 15 October 1582 566:as its predecessor. 158: – 3 9941:1582 establishments 9936:1580s introductions 9686:Fluorine absorption 9663:Luminescence dating 9558:Luminescence dating 9466:Milankovitch cycles 9306:Proleptic Gregorian 9138:Hindu units of time 8931:Time value of money 8726:Geologic time scale 8581:History of sundials 8446:Cosmological decade 8398:Greenwich Mean Time 8229:Orders of magnitude 7343:Thai six-hour clock 6865:International Fixed 6803:Proleptic Gregorian 6424:Slavic Native Faith 5866:Scientific American 5841:2004JHA....35..327M 5784:1991JRASC..85..121B 5709:1945PA.....53..218W 5672:1986JHA....17..109S 5550:1992JBAA..102...40M 5358:, pp. 580–581. 5270:on 6 February 2012. 5171:Italian for Dummies 4299:1920PA.....28...18L 3719:Gregory XIII (1582) 3116:Christianity portal 3079:Leap week calendars 2976:year 365.25 days). 2554:Proto-Indo-European 2399:Battle of Agincourt 2019:(Protestant states) 1953:Gradual change from 1928:Gregorian calendar 1921:Start numbered year 1640:From 5 October 1582 1620: 1328:Country/-ies/Areas 1312:Adoption by country 1255:Portuguese colonies 1220:Protestant Churches 1157:was not affected). 1094:Christopher Clavius 871:Christopher Clavius 656: 474:2151 or 1770 or 998 459:2150 or 1769 or 997 437:Thai solar calendar 427:Nanakshahi calendar 239:Discordian calendar 150:British Regnal year 57: 9931:Gregorian calendar 9788:Terminus post quem 9768:Synchronoptic view 9735:Linguistic methods 9696:Obsidian hydration 9631:Radiometric dating 9616:Incremental dating 9538:Chronostratigraphy 8906:Mental chronometry 8534:Marine chronometer 8386:Obsolete standards 7873:Rosy retrospection 7851:Mental chronometry 7675:Philosophy of time 6535:Christian variants 5907:Calendar Converter 5892:Gregorian calendar 5697:"Easter Intervals" 5583:Past & Present 5453:"An Odd Christmas" 4730:, pp. 95–139. 4493:. Tyndalehouse.com 4480:, vol. 10, p. 208. 4448:*Alexandre Dumas, 4328:www.henk-reints.nl 4067:, Magl. 5.10.5/a, 3979:differed from the 3455:See, for example, 3440:Carolingian Empire 3242:("Greater Work"), 3045:The following are 2993:tidal acceleration 2961:mean tropical year 2886:, considering the 2866: 2813:calendar of saints 2625:vegetation goddess 2414:Battle of Blenheim 2239: 1964:Republic of Venice 1883: 1855:is the year using 1845: 1825: 1805: 1618: 1427:, some Protestant 1372:Kingdom of Bohemia 1289:followed in 1753. 1239:Spain and Portugal 1235:Philip II of Spain 1178: 1087:epacts of the Moon 651: 492:Gregorian calendar 249:Ethiopian calendar 187:Byzantine calendar 62:Gregorian calendar 50: 18:Christian Calendar 9918: 9917: 9905:Wheel of the Year 9801: 9800: 9714: 9713: 9571: 9570: 9432: 9431: 9387:Geologic Calendar 9249: 9248: 8944: 8943: 8754:Nuclear timescale 8436:Continuous signal 8175: 8174: 8085: 8084: 8060:Circadian rhythms 7878:Tense–aspect–mood 7733:Temporal finitism 7610: 7609: 7586:Grandfather clock 7203: 7202: 7185:List of calendars 7112: 7111: 6811:historiographical 6678:French Republican 6584: 6583: 6342:Manipuri (Meitei) 5912:Inter Gravissimas 5812:. HarperCollins. 5701:Popular Astronomy 5637:978-1-891389-85-6 5517:Inter Gravissimas 5410:978-0-471-29827-4 5356:Seidelmann (1992) 4940:Forsythe (2014). 4673:, p. 91–101. 4476:Lorenzo Cattini, 4434:Popular Astronomy 4287:Popular Astronomy 4271:, p. 99–100. 3977:Alphonsine tables 3970:978-0-907628-95-8 3957:North, J (1989). 3940:978-1-108-06871-0 3895:] (in Latin). 3581:Rudolphine Tables 3538:in 1583. Coastal 3510:Helvetic Republic 3186:List of calendars 3154:Dionysius Exiguus 3061:(also called the 3054:Holocene calendar 2854: 2853: 2522:mēnsis Februārius 2448:Julian day number 2391: 2390: 2383: 2291:American colonies 2146: 2145: 2016:Holy Roman Empire 1993:(Catholic states) 1990:Holy Roman Empire 1848:{\displaystyle Y} 1828:{\displaystyle D} 1709: 1708: 1695:From 1 March 2100 1680:From 1 March 1900 1665:From 1 March 1800 1650:From 1 March 1700 1611: 1610: 1215:Inter gravissimas 1111:De revolutionibus 935:Inter gravissimas 905:Inter gravissimas 808: 807: 583:Improved calendar 564:geocentric theory 511:Pope Gregory XIII 505:Inter gravissimas 488: 487: 372:Javanese calendar 357:Japanese calendar 317:Holocene calendar 167:Buddhist calendar 100:Assyrian calendar 88:Armenian calendar 43:Georgian calendar 16:(Redirected from 9953: 9828: 9821: 9814: 9805: 9804: 9793:ASPRO chronology 9742:Glottochronology 9658:Tephrochronology 9606:Dendrochronology 9584: 9583: 9481: 9480: 9280:Proleptic Julian 9270:Pre-Julian Roman 9260: 9259: 9055: 9054: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8948: 8947: 8645:Dominical letter 8576:Equation of time 8539:Marine sandglass 8380: 8374: 8352:Terrestrial Time 8209:Time measurement 8202: 8195: 8188: 8179: 8178: 8165: 8164: 8155: 8154: 8072:Glottochronology 7912: 7911: 7828:Human experience 7688:B-theory of time 7286: 7285: 7230: 7223: 7216: 7207: 7206: 7193: 7192: 7183: 7182: 7047:Human (Holocene) 7032:Chinese Imperial 6932: 6931: 6852:Reform proposals 6807:Proleptic Julian 6569:Eastern Orthodox 6199:Germanic heathen 6177:Earthly Branches 6093: 6092: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5961: 5960: 5942:The Calendar FAQ 5916: 5880: 5869: 5860: 5823: 5804: 5802: 5787: 5762: 5743: 5723: 5712: 5691: 5650: 5641: 5622: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5580: 5567: 5553: 5525: 5507: 5489: 5480: 5469:Bond, John James 5464: 5462: 5460: 5446: 5415: 5414: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5345: 5322: 5316: 5314: 5308: 5300: 5293: 5287: 5285: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5259: 5253: 5251: 5243: 5234: 5232: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5196: 5190: 5188: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5142: 5136: 5134: 5120: 5114: 5112: 5098: 5092: 5090: 5076: 5070: 5068: 5054: 5048: 5046: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5010: 5004: 5002: 4988: 4982: 4980: 4966: 4957: 4955: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4825: 4806: 4804: 4790: 4779: 4777: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4710: 4704: 4703: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4613: 4607: 4593: 4587: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4512:Spathaky, Mike. 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4487: 4481: 4474: 4468: 4446: 4440: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4389: 4388:, p. 94–95. 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4255:Herluf Nielsen: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4042: 4036: 4033:Ziggelaar (1983) 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3993: 3985: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3861: 3858:Ziggelaar (1983) 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3685: 3679: 3669: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3640: 3631:but rejected by 3625: 3619: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3597: 3590: 3584: 3573: 3567: 3527: 3521: 3502: 3493: 3490: 3481: 3474: 3468: 3466: 3460: 3453: 3447: 3444:Byzantine Empire 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3395: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3376: 3370: 3355: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3323: 3317: 3310: 3304: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3263: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3228: 3225: 3191:Old Calendarists 3118: 3113: 3112: 3047:proposed reforms 3041:Proposed reforms 3011: 2884:knuckle mnemonic 2881: 2862:knuckle mnemonic 2846:Of 28 is but one 2824: 2820: 2817: 2811:inserted into a 2794: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2741: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2717: 2715:mēnsis september 2707: 2698: 2682: 2673: 2650: 2633: 2617: 2600: 2592: 2571: 2526:, "Month of the 2524: 2497: 2495:mēnsis Iānuārius 2468: 2386: 2379: 2375: 2372: 2366: 2335: 2327: 2311:Eastern Orthodox 2289:, and Britain's 2237: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2224: 1915: 1914: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1862: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1814: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1724: 1718: 1714: 1621: 1617: 1374:, some Catholic 1322: 1321: 1294:Islamic calendar 1262: 1217: 1185: 1116:Erasmus Reinhold 1106:Alfonsine tables 1059: 1037:Council of Trent 1013: 1010: 1002: 999: 917: 908: 898: 882: 867: 854:Gregorian reform 849: 847: 846: 843: 840: 836: 828:section below). 662: 657: 650: 579:Eastern Orthodox 541: 508: 463:— to — 447:Tibetan calendar 347:Islamic calendar 337:Iranian calendar 214:— to — 197:Chinese calendar 177:Burmese calendar 130:Bengali calendar 72: 58: 56: 52:2024 in various 49: 21: 9961: 9960: 9956: 9955: 9954: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9921: 9920: 9919: 9914: 9841: 9832: 9802: 9797: 9746: 9730: 9726:Molecular clock 9719:Genetic methods 9710: 9691:Nitrogen dating 9678:Relative dating 9672: 9641:Potassium–argon 9588:Absolute dating 9578: 9567: 9526: 9505: 9470: 9446:Cosmic Calendar 9438:Astronomic time 9428: 9370: 9325: 9289: 9275:Original Julian 9245: 9212: 9174: 9073:Ab urbe condita 9051: 9028: 8980: 8975: 8945: 8940: 8877: 8768: 8735: 8709: 8590: 8490: 8441:Coordinate time 8413:Time in physics 8407: 8381: 8375: 8366: 8238: 8215: 8206: 8176: 8171: 8143: 8134:Time immemorial 8081: 8038: 7999:Coordinate time 7970: 7924:Geological time 7900: 7883:Time management 7846:Generation time 7830: 7822: 7767: 7749: 7669: 7628: 7606: 7494: 7412: 7329: 7322: 7278: 7270: 7239: 7234: 7204: 7199: 7171: 7108: 7062:Nirayana system 6988:Ab urbe condita 6976: 6928: 6926: 6919: 6898: 6896: 6889: 6846: 6797:anthropological 6781: 6580: 6564:Liturgical year 6530: 6497: 6089: 6087: 6080: 6019: 5993: 5988: 5955:Wayback Machine 5927:Wayback Machine 5914: 5888: 5883: 5820: 5759: 5731: 5729:Further reading 5726: 5666:(49): 109–118. 5638: 5607: 5605: 5587:Oxford Academic 5578: 5458: 5456: 5443: 5424: 5419: 5418: 5411: 5395: 5391: 5378: 5374: 5366: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5343: 5323: 5319: 5302: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5260: 5256: 5244: 5237: 5220: 5216: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5166: 5162: 5143: 5139: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4968: 4967: 4960: 4952: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4913: 4909: 4892: 4888: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4826: 4809: 4792: 4791: 4782: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4738: 4734: 4726: 4722: 4711: 4707: 4681: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4660:Wayback Machine 4650: 4646: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4604:Wayback Machine 4594: 4590: 4584:Wayback Machine 4573:Wayback Machine 4564: 4560: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4543:Wayback Machine 4525: 4521: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4475: 4471: 4463:Wayback Machine 4447: 4443: 4430:Wayback Machine 4421:Roscoe Lamont, 4420: 4416: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4361:Wayback Machine 4349:Wayback Machine 4339: 4335: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4279: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4254: 4250: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4211: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4084:Philip of Spain 4079: 4075: 4057: 4043: 4039: 4031: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4009:Swerdlow (1986) 4007: 4003: 3987: 3986: 3971: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3925: 3921: 3904: 3900: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3817: 3813: 3807:Richards (2013) 3805: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3768:Richards (1998) 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3655: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3626: 3622: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3591: 3587: 3574: 3570: 3564:Austria-Hungary 3550:, ruled by the 3528: 3524: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3475: 3471: 3454: 3450: 3437: 3433: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3324: 3320: 3311: 3307: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3246: 3226: 3220:De Anni Ratione 3149:Hebrew calendar 3129:Calendar reform 3114: 3107: 3104: 3043: 3005: 2957:mean solar days 2953: 2925: 2919: 2879: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2818: 2792: 2789: 2781:mēnsis december 2771: 2768: 2760:mēnsis november 2750: 2747: 2729: 2726: 2705: 2696:mēnsis Augustus 2680: 2477: 2466: 2387: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2352: 2336: 2325: 2319: 2272:Julian calendar 2268: 2260:Main articles: 2258: 2245: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2209: 2136:except Scotland 2135: 2130: 2018: 1992: 1954: 1937: 1927: 1922: 1913: 1874: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1859:, that is, use 1840: 1837: 1836: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1716: 1712: 1701: 1696: 1686: 1681: 1671: 1666: 1656: 1651: 1641: 1636: 1624:Gregorian range 1616: 1320: 1314: 1202: 1196: 1163: 1121:Prutenic tables 1079:Aloysius Lilius 1066:Giuseppe Moleto 1033: 1011: 1000: 976:Catholic Church 958: 930: 929: 928: 925: 922:Camillo Rusconi 918: 909: 899: 890: 887:Lavinia Fontana 883: 874: 868: 856: 844: 841: 838: 837: 834: 832: 814:, in this case 668:Length in days 611:Julian calendar 607: 542: 537: 515:Julian calendar 473: 467: 465: 460: 458: 452: 420: 412:Minguo calendar 402:Korean calendar 392:Julian calendar 365: 269:Hindu calendars 259:Hebrew calendar 229:Coptic calendar 222: 217:甲辰年 (Wood 216: 211: 209: 140:Berber calendar 110:Baháʼí calendar 93: 78:Ab urbe condita 68: 67: 51: 46: 39: 32:Liturgical year 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9959: 9949: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9831: 9830: 9823: 9816: 9808: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9763:New Chronology 9760: 9754: 9752: 9751:Related topics 9748: 9747: 9745: 9744: 9738: 9736: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9722: 9720: 9716: 9715: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9682: 9680: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9654: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9628: 9626:Paleomagnetism 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9592: 9590: 9581: 9573: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9534: 9532: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9513: 9511: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9487: 9485: 9478: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9442: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9426: 9424:New Earth Time 9421: 9416: 9415: 9414: 9409: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9378: 9376: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9368: 9363: 9353: 9348: 9333: 9331: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9297: 9295: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9287: 9285:Revised Julian 9282: 9277: 9272: 9266: 9264: 9257: 9251: 9250: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9222: 9220: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9210: 9205: 9203:Lists of kings 9200: 9195: 9193:Canon of Kings 9190: 9184: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9172: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9145: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9118:Before present 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9076: 9069: 9063: 9061: 9052: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8988: 8986: 8982: 8981: 8974: 8973: 8966: 8959: 8951: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8926:Time metrology 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8891: 8885: 8883: 8882:Related topics 8879: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8779: 8777: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8745: 8743: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8717: 8715: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8600: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8571:Dialing scales 8568: 8563: 8558: 8557: 8556: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8500: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8417: 8415: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8403:Prime meridian 8400: 8395: 8393:Ephemeris time 8389: 8387: 8383: 8382: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8362:180th meridian 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8246: 8244: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8205: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8182: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8169: 8159: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8093: 8091: 8087: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8079: 8077:Time geography 8074: 8069: 8067:Clock reaction 8064: 8063: 8062: 8052: 8046: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7980: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7957: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7920: 7918: 7909: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7898: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7866:time signature 7863: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7837: 7835: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7808: 7807: 7806: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7760: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7740: 7738:Temporal parts 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7708:Eternal return 7705: 7700: 7695: 7693:Chronocentrism 7690: 7685: 7679: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7504: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7492: 7485: 7480: 7478:Hindu Panchang 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7422: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7334: 7332: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7294: 7292: 7283: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7240: 7233: 7232: 7225: 7218: 7210: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7197: 7187: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7169: 7157: 7145: 7133: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7037:Chinese Minguo 7034: 7029: 7027:Before Present 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6995: 6990: 6984: 6982: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6938: 6936: 6929: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6901: 6899: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6856: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6832: 6824: 6823: 6822: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6789: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6603: 6598: 6592: 6590: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6549: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6526: 6524:Calendar round 6521: 6511: 6505: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6438: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6280: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6182:Heavenly Stems 6179: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6153: 6152: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5987: 5986: 5979: 5972: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5945: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5917: 5909: 5904: 5887: 5886:External links 5884: 5882: 5881: 5870: 5861: 5824: 5818: 5805: 5788: 5763: 5757: 5744: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5713: 5692: 5651: 5642: 5636: 5623: 5614: 5568: 5554: 5526: 5508: 5498:Reingold, E. M 5494:Dershowitz, D. 5490: 5481: 5465: 5448: 5441: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5409: 5389: 5386:. p. 629. 5372: 5360: 5348: 5341: 5328:The Critical I 5317: 5288: 5273: 5254: 5235: 5214: 5191: 5184: 5160: 5137: 5115: 5093: 5071: 5049: 5027: 5005: 4983: 4958: 4950: 4932: 4925: 4907: 4886: 4864: 4842: 4807: 4780: 4755: 4732: 4720: 4705: 4675: 4663: 4644: 4630: 4608: 4588: 4558: 4551:31 August 1492 4519: 4504: 4482: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4441: 4414: 4402: 4390: 4378: 4366: 4333: 4315: 4303: 4273: 4261: 4248: 4232: 4225: 4205: 4203:, p. 788. 4193: 4181: 4167: 4156:. Tondering.dk 4145: 4126: 4100: 4094:978-0300078008 4093: 4073: 4055: 4037: 4035:, p. 220. 4025: 4013: 4001: 3969: 3949: 3939: 3919: 3898: 3877: 3862: 3850: 3848:, p. 241. 3838: 3831: 3811: 3809:, p. 599. 3796: 3794:, p. 218. 3784: 3772: 3770:, p. 101. 3760: 3748: 3741: 3723: 3706: 3680: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3641: 3620: 3607: 3598: 3585: 3568: 3522: 3494: 3482: 3469: 3448: 3431: 3371: 3350: 3318: 3305: 3288: 3279: 3267:civil calendar 3257: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3229: 3207: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3076: 3071: 3069:World Calendar 3066: 3056: 3042: 3039: 3004: 3001: 2952: 2949: 2923:Seven-day week 2921:Main article: 2918: 2915: 2905:piano keyboard 2852: 2851: 2838: 2805:oral tradition 2797: 2796: 2775: 2754: 2739:mēnsis octōber 2733: 2709: 2687: 2683:BC as part of 2665: 2639: 2606: 2590:mēnsis Aprīlis 2581: 2569:mēnsis Mārtius 2560: 2532:Roman festival 2518:), from Latin 2508: 2476: 2473: 2389: 2388: 2339: 2337: 2330: 2321:Main article: 2318: 2315: 2257: 2254: 2241:Main article: 2208: 2205: 2150:Roman Republic 2144: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2133:British Empire 2123: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2079:Dutch Republic 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1934:Roman Republic 1930: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1863:for BC years. 1844: 1824: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1539:Ottoman Empire 1536: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1313: 1310: 1283:British Empire 1198:Main article: 1195: 1192: 1162: 1159: 1102:Petrus Pitatus 1045:vernal equinox 1032: 1029: 1016:Pope Sixtus IV 980:canonical date 972:spring equinox 962:date of Easter 957: 954: 927: 926: 919: 912: 910: 900: 893: 891: 884: 877: 875: 869: 862: 859: 858: 857: 855: 852: 806: 805: 802: 799: 795: 794: 791: 788: 784: 783: 780: 777: 773: 772: 769: 766: 762: 761: 758: 755: 751: 750: 747: 744: 740: 739: 736: 733: 729: 728: 725: 722: 718: 717: 714: 711: 707: 706: 703: 700: 696: 695: 688: 685: 681: 680: 677: 674: 670: 669: 666: 663: 615:solar calendar 606: 603: 599:civil purposes 535: 486: 485: 482: 476: 475: 453:(female Water- 449: 443: 442: 439: 433: 432: 429: 423: 422: 414: 408: 407: 404: 398: 397: 394: 388: 387: 384: 382:Juche calendar 378: 377: 374: 368: 367: 359: 353: 352: 349: 343: 342: 339: 333: 332: 329: 323: 322: 319: 313: 312: 309: 300: 299: 296: 287: 286: 283: 274: 273: 271: 265: 264: 261: 255: 254: 251: 245: 244: 241: 235: 234: 231: 225: 224: 204:年 (Water 199: 193: 192: 189: 183: 182: 179: 173: 172: 169: 163: 162: 152: 146: 145: 142: 136: 135: 132: 126: 125: 122: 116: 115: 112: 106: 105: 102: 96: 95: 90: 84: 83: 80: 74: 73: 64: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9958: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9844: 9840: 9836: 9829: 9824: 9822: 9817: 9815: 9810: 9809: 9806: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9755: 9753: 9749: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9733: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9717: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9675: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577:Chronological 9574: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9543:Geochronology 9541: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9508: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9476:Geologic time 9473: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9461:Metonic cycle 9459: 9457: 9456:Galactic year 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9435: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9404: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9397:ISO week date 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9367: 9364: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9252: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9215: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9177: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9103:Byzantine era 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9074: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9059:Calendar eras 9056: 9053: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9031: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8972: 8967: 8965: 8960: 8958: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8900: 8897: 8896: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8880: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8775:units of time 8771: 8765: 8764:Sidereal time 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8749:Galactic year 8747: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8738: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8705:Weekday names 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8695:Tropical year 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8660:Intercalation 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626:(lunar Hijri) 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8593: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8555: 8552: 8551: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8466:Time dilation 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8384: 8379: 8373: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8302:24-hour clock 8300: 8298: 8297:12-hour clock 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8256: 8253: 8252: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8241: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8198: 8196: 8191: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8180: 8168: 8160: 8158: 8150: 8149: 8146: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8055:Chronobiology 8053: 8051: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7989:Arrow of time 7987: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7961:Geochronology 7959: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7903: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7829: 7825: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7811:Wheel of time 7809: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7752: 7746: 7745: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7655:Periodization 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7613: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7593: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7581:Digital clock 7579: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7526: 7523: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7358:Relative hour 7356: 7354: 7353:24-hour clock 7351: 7349: 7348:12-hour clock 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7231: 7226: 7224: 7219: 7217: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7196: 7188: 7186: 7178: 7177: 7174: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7102: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7012:Anno Martyrum 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6979: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6927:and numbering 6922: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6892: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6842:'Pataphysical 6840: 6838: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6828: 6825: 6820: 6819: 6818: 6815: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6611:Tōnalpōhualli 6609: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6562: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6533: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6365:Vikram Samvat 6363: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6271: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6219:Vikram Samvat 6217: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5980: 5978: 5973: 5971: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5878: 5877: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5825: 5821: 5819:9780380793242 5815: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5778:(3): 21–130. 5777: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5760: 5758:9780192142313 5754: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5721: 5720: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5620: 5615: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5577: 5573: 5572:Poole, Robert 5569: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5442:9780192142313 5438: 5434: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5412: 5406: 5402: 5401: 5393: 5385: 5384: 5376: 5370:, p. 42. 5369: 5364: 5357: 5352: 5344: 5342:9780231076517 5338: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5321: 5312: 5306: 5298: 5292: 5283: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5258: 5249: 5242: 5240: 5231: 5227: 5226: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5195: 5187: 5185:9781118258767 5181: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5164: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5133: 5129: 5127: 5119: 5111: 5107: 5105: 5097: 5089: 5085: 5083: 5075: 5067: 5063: 5061: 5053: 5045: 5041: 5039: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5017: 5009: 5001: 4997: 4995: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4973: 4965: 4963: 4953: 4951:9781138802322 4947: 4943: 4936: 4928: 4926:9780801414022 4922: 4918: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4876: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4854: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4803: 4799: 4797: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4775: 4774: 4769: 4767: 4759: 4752: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4729: 4724: 4716: 4709: 4701: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4651:Nørby, Toke. 4648: 4640: 4634: 4618: 4612: 4605: 4601: 4598: 4595:Nørby, Toke. 4592: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4562: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4515: 4508: 4492: 4486: 4479: 4473: 4464: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4445: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4418: 4412:, p. 92. 4411: 4406: 4397: 4395: 4387: 4382: 4376:, p. 97. 4375: 4370: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4343: 4337: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4313:, p. 98. 4312: 4307: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4252: 4244: 4243: 4236: 4228: 4226:0-19-509539-1 4222: 4218: 4217: 4209: 4202: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4177: 4171: 4155: 4149: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4096: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4077: 4070: 4065: 4058: 4056:9788872214817 4052: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4029: 4022: 4017: 4010: 4005: 3997: 3991: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3953: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3881: 3874: 3869: 3867: 3859: 3854: 3847: 3842: 3834: 3832:9783540688310 3828: 3824: 3823: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3793: 3792:Walker (1945) 3788: 3782: 3779:Clause 3.2.1 3776: 3769: 3764: 3757: 3756:Blegen (2013) 3752: 3744: 3742:0-8153-1503-1 3738: 3734: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3645: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3617: 3611: 3602: 3595: 3589: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3479: 3473: 3465: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3375: 3368: 3364: 3363:Metonic cycle 3360: 3354: 3328: 3322: 3315: 3309: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3283: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3258: 3240: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3211: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3139:Doomsday rule 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3106: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3038: 3034: 3031: 3030:June solstice 3026: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2982: 2981:John Herschel 2977: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2863: 2858: 2849: 2839: 2836: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2784: 2782: 2776: 2763: 2761: 2755: 2742: 2740: 2734: 2722: 2718: 2716: 2710: 2703: 2699: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2677:Julius Caesar 2674: 2672: 2671:mēnsis Iūlius 2666: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2648:mēnsis Iūnius 2643: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2632: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2599: 2593: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577:", the Roman 2576: 2572: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2523: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2404: 2403:Saint Crispin 2400: 2396: 2385: 2382: 2374: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2340:This section 2338: 2334: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2267: 2263: 2253: 2251: 2244: 2218: 2213: 2204: 2202: 2201:Golden number 2196: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2168:), 25 March ( 2167: 2162: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2127:Great Britain 2125: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1861:1 − (year BC) 1858: 1842: 1822: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1699: 1694: 1684: 1679: 1669: 1664: 1654: 1649: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1439:Great Britain 1437: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1429:Swiss cantons 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417:Low Countries 1414: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376:Swiss cantons 1373: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1357:Low Countries 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1309: 1307: 1306:Rumi calendar 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243:much of Italy 1240: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1210: 1208: 1201: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1175: 1172:, printed in 1171: 1167: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1134:tropical year 1130: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041:Pope Paul III 1038: 1035:In 1545, the 1028: 1026: 1021: 1020:Regiomontanus 1017: 1006: 995: 991: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 968: 963: 953: 951: 946: 942: 937: 936: 923: 916: 911: 907: 906: 897: 892: 888: 881: 876: 872: 866: 861: 860: 851: 829: 827: 823: 819: 818: 813: 803: 800: 797: 796: 792: 789: 786: 785: 781: 778: 775: 774: 770: 767: 764: 763: 759: 756: 753: 752: 748: 745: 742: 741: 737: 734: 731: 730: 726: 723: 720: 719: 715: 712: 709: 708: 704: 701: 698: 697: 693: 689: 686: 683: 682: 678: 675: 672: 671: 667: 664: 659: 658: 655: 649: 647: 643: 642:1969 revision 639: 635: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 557: 556:March equinox 553: 549: 540: 534: 529: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 507: 506: 501: 497: 493: 483: 481: 478: 477: 471: 464: 456: 450: 448: 445: 444: 440: 438: 435: 434: 430: 428: 425: 424: 418: 415: 413: 410: 409: 405: 403: 400: 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1126:sexagesimals 1119: 1109: 1091: 1083: 1081:(or Lilio). 1053: 1034: 988: 965: 960:Because the 959: 933: 931: 830: 815: 812:calendar era 809: 631: 626: 608: 589:, tagged as 582: 568: 544: 531: 527: 491: 489: 462: 304: 293:Shaka Samvat 291: 278: 223:4722 or 4515 213: 210:4721 or 4514 69: 61: 47: 9875:Eschatology 9646:Radiocarbon 9321:Dual dating 9180:Regnal year 9158:Short Count 9098:Bostran era 9079:Anno Domini 9012:Big History 8992:Archaeology 8921:System time 8916:Metric time 8635:Solar Hijri 8561:Water clock 8544:Radio clock 8476:Time domain 8456:Proper time 8342:Leap second 8224:Chronometry 8139:Time travel 8117:System time 8024:Time domain 8009:Proper time 7833:use of time 7804:Father Time 7784:Immortality 7774:Ages of Man 7703:Endurantism 7660:Regnal year 7640:Big History 7569:water-based 7468:Solar Hijri 7378:Hexadecimal 7328:Measurement 7290:Chronometry 7276:Measurement 6998:Anno Domini 6967:Regnal year 6962:Regnal name 6935:Terminology 6925:Year naming 6880:Symmetry454 6730:Pentecontad 6653:Culāsakaraj 6638:Cappadocian 6370:Yele Sambat 6256:Zoroastrian 6150:Bangladeshi 6088:limited use 6066:Solar Hijri 6061:Lunar Hijri 6024:In wide use 5897:In Our Time 5124:"December, 5102:"November, 4794:"February, 4671:Bond (1875) 4410:Bond (1875) 4386:Bond (1875) 4374:Bond (1875) 4342:Osteranfang 4311:Bond (1875) 4269:Bond (1875) 3930:Tycho Brahe 3514:Switzerland 3247: 1267 3232:Roger Bacon 3227: 1235 3089:Symmetry454 2997:leap second 2819: 1425 2623:", a Roman 2428:Shakespeare 2304:dual dating 2243:Dual dating 2207:Dual dating 1926:Adoption of 1727:Middle Ages 1717:24 February 1713:29 February 1630:Difference 1415:Protestant 1355:, Catholic 1241:as well as 1098:Tycho Brahe 1068:, believed 1054:In 1577, a 1039:authorised 1031:Preparation 1012: 1300 1001: 1200 994:Roger Bacon 817:Anno Domini 638:29 February 605:Description 468:(male Wood- 160:Cha. 3 156:Cha. 3 9925:Categories 9895:Golden Age 9890:Heortology 9885:Eviternity 9870:Divination 9241:Vietnamese 9153:Long Count 9088:Anno Mundi 9083:Common Era 8985:Key topics 8978:Chronology 8936:Timekeeper 8889:Chronology 8873:Millennium 8759:Precession 8665:Julian day 8486:T-symmetry 8347:Solar time 8317:Civil time 7841:Chronemics 7816:Kalachakra 7728:Presentism 7713:Eternalism 7619:Chronology 7557:mechanical 7508:Main types 7426:Main types 7104:Vietnamese 7017:Anno Mundi 7007:Anno Lucis 7002:Common Era 6905:Electronic 6875:Positivist 6837:Discordian 6827:Dreamspell 6762:Sexagenary 6703:Macedonian 6673:Florentine 6623:Babylonian 6589:Historical 6519:Long Count 6473:Vietnamese 6429:Macedonian 6392:Nanakshahi 6322:Lithuanian 6192:Solar term 5608:4 December 5589:: 95–139. 5422:References 5080:"October, 4764:"January, 4728:Poole 1995 3238:Opus Majus 3165:Julian day 2969:perihelion 2809:marginalia 2790: 750 2769: 750 2748: 750 2727: 750 2664:, and rule 2662:childbirth 2516:leap years 2514:and 29 in 2221:⁠170 1595:common era 1571:Yugoslavia 1445:, and the 1406:Strasbourg 1361:Luxembourg 1302:Hijri year 1268:Protestant 1057:Compendium 1007:, writing 956:Background 833:⁠365 822:Common Era 692:leap years 690:28 (29 in 623:leap years 575:Protestant 519:leap years 509:issued by 500:papal bull 9778:Year zero 9758:Chronicle 9701:Seriation 9636:Lead–lead 9510:Standards 9491:Deep time 9451:Ephemeris 9337:Lunisolar 9301:Gregorian 9294:Gregorian 9255:Calendars 9218:Era names 9188:Anka year 9067:Human Era 8997:Astronomy 8833:Fortnight 8680:Lunisolar 8670:Leap year 8604:Gregorian 8554:stopwatch 8529:Hourglass 8509:Astrarium 8426:Spacetime 8357:Time zone 8234:Metrology 8213:standards 8097:Leap year 8014:Spacetime 7888:Yesterday 7789:Dreamtime 7763:Mythology 7650:Deep time 7562:stopwatch 7537:hourglass 7518:astrarium 7448:Gregorian 7441:Lunisolar 7418:Calendars 7408:Time zone 7281:standards 7165:Star Trek 7129:Discworld 7124:Discworld 7117:Fictional 6993:Anka year 6972:Year zero 6952:Leap year 6910:Perpetual 6633:Byzantine 6352:Mongolian 6332:Malayalam 6076:Unix time 6051:Gregorian 6046:Ethiopian 6010:Lunisolar 5991:Calendars 5857:119021116 5688:118491152 5530:Meeus, J. 5155:163382057 5036:"August, 4903:, Ch. xix 4293:: 18–32, 4257:Kronologi 3990:cite book 3676:new-style 3659:Citations 3552:Habsburgs 2909:semitones 2890:of one's 2876:mnemonics 2604:Aphrodite 2556:word for 2547:death god 2505:Roman god 2432:Cervantes 2342:does not 2181:Charles I 2166:Christmas 1797:− 1773:− 1731:proleptic 1722:bissextum 1519:Lithuania 1298:Hijri era 1296:with the 1212:The bull 1194:Adoption 1075:Calabrian 768:September 548:equinoxes 480:Unix time 376:1957–1958 351:1445–1446 341:1402–1403 331:1024–1025 311:5124–5125 306:Kali Yuga 298:1945–1946 285:2080–2081 263:5784–5785 253:2016–2017 233:1740–1741 191:7532–7533 124:1945–1946 54:calendars 9900:Prophecy 9880:Eternity 9855:Calendar 9773:Timeline 9611:Ice core 9484:Concepts 9231:Japanese 9163:Tzolk'in 9128:Egyptian 8894:Duration 8868:Saeculum 8848:Olympiad 8690:Solstice 8619:Holocene 8596:Calendar 8496:Horology 8287:ISO 8601 8282:ISO 31-1 8157:Category 7905:Time in 7896:Tomorrow 7758:Religion 7698:Duration 7665:Timeline 7599:Timeline 7398:Sidereal 7266:Eternity 7195:Category 7160:Stardate 7136:Greyhawk 7067:Seleucid 7052:Japanese 7022:Assyrian 6957:New Year 6793:Holocene 6745:Rapa Nui 6718:Tzolkʼin 6683:Germanic 6663:Egyptian 6399:Romanian 6377:Nisg̱a'a 6337:Mandaean 6327:Maithili 6300:Javanese 6295:Japanese 6250:medieval 6204:Georgian 6115:Assyrian 6105:Armenian 6036:Buddhist 5951:Archived 5923:Archived 5574:(1995). 5514:(1582). 5500:(2008). 5471:(1875). 5305:citation 4895:Plutarch 4873:"April, 4851:"March, 4746:Archived 4656:Archived 4623:18 March 4600:Archived 4580:Archived 4569:Archived 4539:Archived 4459:Archived 4426:Archived 4357:Archived 4345:Archived 3981:Prutenic 3781:ISO 8601 3629:Plutarch 3560:Catholic 3532:Slovenia 3359:computus 3343:70499183 3337:49928114 3331:⁠2 3327:computus 3175:ISO 8601 3102:See also 2951:Accuracy 2945:ISO 8601 2888:knuckles 2702:Augustus 2658:marriage 2544:Etruscan 2458:ISO 8601 2405:'s Day. 2299:Scotland 2295:Lady Day 2250:John Dee 2189:Adoption 2177:Lady Day 2159:new year 2152:and the 2091:Scotland 2066:Lorraine 1880:⌋ 1872:⌊ 1793:⌋ 1777:⌊ 1769:⌋ 1753:⌊ 1705:14 days 1690:13 days 1675:12 days 1660:11 days 1645:10 days 1529:Bulgaria 1341:Portugal 1281:and the 1260:de facto 1139:Accuracy 967:computus 801:December 790:November 687:February 619:leap day 571:Catholic 536:— 496:calendar 303: - 290: - 277: - 9865:Destiny 9860:Deities 9783:Floruit 9531:Methods 9392:Iranian 9360:Islamic 9226:Chinese 9037:Periods 9007:History 9002:Geology 8863:Century 8853:Lustrum 8783:Instant 8655:Equinox 8624:Islamic 8566:Sundial 8431:Chronon 8167:Commons 8090:Related 8004:Instant 7994:Chronon 7976:Physics 7916:Geology 7907:science 7779:Destiny 7624:History 7592:History 7547:sundial 7530:quantum 7473:Chinese 7463:Islamic 7373:Decimal 7368:Chinese 7330:systems 7256:Present 7092:Dvapara 7072:Spanish 6981:Systems 6831:New Age 6821:Martian 6777:Turkmen 6772:Swedish 6658:Coligny 6596:Arabian 6557:Revised 6463:Tripuri 6458:Tibetan 6414:Sesotho 6387:Punjabi 6347:Melanau 6317:Kurdish 6283:Tabular 6273:Islamic 6241:Iranian 6172:Chinese 6167:Burmese 6145:Bengali 6133:Pawukon 6086:In more 6041:Chinese 5998:Systems 5900:at the 5837:Bibcode 5780:Bibcode 5705:Bibcode 5668:Bibcode 5585:(149). 5546:Bibcode 5459:1 April 5014:"July, 4992:"June, 4295:Bibcode 4141:. 1584. 4119:23 July 4114:HISTORY 3637:Cincius 3548:Croatia 3540:Croatia 3536:Austria 3504:In the 3426:⁠ 3414:⁠ 3410:⁠ 3398:⁠ 3394:⁠ 3382:⁠ 3346:⁠ 2933:weekday 2721:Romulus 2598:aperire 2579:war god 2550:Februus 2536:cognate 2530:", the 2503:", the 2422:Brixham 2363:removed 2348:sources 2287:Ireland 2279:England 2236:⁠ 2114:Tuscany 1950:Denmark 1918:Country 1567:Romania 1557:Estonia 1549:Ukraine 1505:Albania 1461:Finland 1443:Ireland 1425:Denmark 1386:Prussia 1279:Britain 1251:Spanish 1077:doctor 848:⁠ 779:October 676:January 644:of its 613:, is a 595:Western 494:is the 154:2 114:180–181 94:ԹՎ ՌՆՀԳ 9579:dating 9375:Others 9341:Hebrew 9236:Korean 9047:Epochs 8858:Decade 8813:Moment 8808:Minute 8803:Second 8773:Other 8630:Julian 8609:Hebrew 8255:offset 8107:Moment 8102:Memory 7954:period 7542:marine 7525:atomic 7500:Clocks 7458:Hebrew 7453:Julian 7388:Metric 7261:Future 7057:Korean 6817:Darian 6767:Soviet 6740:Qumran 6725:Muisca 6643:Celtic 6628:Bulgar 6576:Saints 6552:Julian 6542:Coptic 6488:Yoruba 6419:Slavic 6409:Somali 6356:Nepal 6305:Korean 6267:Gaelic 6246:Jalali 6209:Hebrew 6187:Minguo 6162:Borana 6157:Berber 6120:Baháʼí 5855: 5816: 5755: 5686: 5634: 5603:651100 5601: 5439: 5407: 5339: 5205:Austin 5182: 5153: 4970:"May, 4948: 4923: 4223: 4091: 4053: 3967: 3937: 3829: 3739: 3577:Kepler 3544:Venice 3380:365 + 2896:pinkie 2880: 2793: 2772: 2751: 2730: 2706: 2690:August 2681: 2631:magnus 2558:sulfur 2542:, the 2528:Februa 2512:common 2481:Julian 2475:Months 2462:year 0 2437:UNESCO 2102:Russia 2041:France 2030:Sweden 1943:153 BC 1815:where 1591:Turkey 1581:Greece 1553:Russia 1515:Latvia 1457:Sweden 1421:Norway 1396:Alsace 1345:France 1287:Sweden 1114:) and 1070:Easter 950:Easter 757:August 654:months 470:Dragon 455:Rabbit 421:民國113年 366:(令和６年) 219:Dragon 206:Rabbit 70:MMXXIV 9412:Aztec 9356:Lunar 9351:Solar 9345:Hindu 9208:Limmu 9168:Haab' 9123:Hijri 8899:music 8838:Month 8798:Jiffy 8793:Shake 8788:Flick 8685:Solar 8675:Lunar 8650:Epact 8614:Hindu 8549:Watch 8504:Clock 8112:Space 7944:epoch 7934:chron 7892:Today 7861:tempo 7856:Music 7718:Event 7552:watch 7436:Lunar 7431:Solar 7403:Solar 7393:Roman 7383:Hindu 7087:Treta 7082:Satya 7077:Yugas 6947:Epoch 6885:World 6750:Roman 6735:Pisan 6713:Haabʼ 6693:Hindu 6688:Greek 6668:Enoch 6606:Aztec 6601:Attic 6509:Runic 6502:Types 6483:Xhosa 6478:Wicca 6451:solar 6446:lunar 6436:Tamil 6404:Shona 6310:Juche 6278:Fasli 6263:Irish 6231:Hmong 6214:Hindu 6129:Bali 6124:Badí‘ 6056:Hindu 6015:Solar 6005:Lunar 5853:S2CID 5684:S2CID 5599:JSTOR 5579:(PDF) 5520:[ 5176:101–2 4691:[ 4160:3 May 3912:[ 3891:[ 3699:9 May 3695:. n.d 3633:Varro 3616:Roman 3512:, or 3367:epact 3253:Notes 2929:weeks 2917:Weeks 2900:index 2892:hands 2637:major 2584:April 2563:March 2540:fever 2538:with 2501:Janus 2467:−0001 2283:Wales 2142:1752 2121:1582 2108:1918 2097:1752 2086:1582 2073:1582 2060:1582 2047:1582 2036:1753 2025:1700 2010:1582 1999:1583 1984:1582 1971:1582 1958:1700 1719:(the 1602:2016 1587:1926 1577:1923 1563:1919 1545:1918 1535:1917 1525:1916 1511:1915 1501:China 1497:1912 1491:Korea 1487:1896 1481:Egypt 1477:1875 1471:Japan 1467:1873 1453:1753 1435:1752 1412:1700 1402:1682 1392:1648 1382:1610 1368:1584 1353:Italy 1337:Spain 1333:1582 1325:Year 1304:(see 1266:Many 1005:Dante 889:, 16C 713:April 702:March 627:three 362:Reiwa 321:12024 9910:Yuga 9850:Aeon 9835:Time 9407:Maya 9142:Yuga 9042:Eras 9024:Time 8843:Year 8828:Week 8818:Hour 8272:DUT1 8211:and 7831:and 7794:Kāla 7489:List 7483:Maya 7279:and 7251:Past 7237:Time 7097:Kali 6915:Wall 6756:Rumi 6708:Maya 6698:Inca 6648:Cham 6493:Zulu 6468:Tulu 6441:Thai 6382:Odia 6290:Jain 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