54:
31:
254:
and fine particles of detritus from the water column (filtering collectors), chew or bore into live or dead plant matter (shredders), scrape algae, bacteria and diatoms from surfaces (scrapers) or prey on other invertebrates (predators).
246:, muddy lake beds and hygropetric seepages. Pupae may occur near the surface of water, in submerged substrata or amongst benthic debris. Larvae may feed on deposits of organic
417:
612:"A phylogenomic analysis of Culicomorpha (Diptera) resolves the relationships among the eight constituent families: Phylogenomic analysis of Culicomorpha"
238:
Chironomoidea show a range of habitats and diets. Using the family
Chironomidae as an example, larvae occur most commonly in aquatic vegetation and
2547:
2836:
717:
501:
531:
532:"The male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance"
2789:
2841:
2802:
2892:
710:
2823:
262:. Adult females of the families Ceratopogonidae and Simuliidae also feed on blood and can transmit diseases.
53:
2761:
442:
610:
Narayanan Kutty, Sujatha; Wong, Wing Hing; Meusemann, Karen; Meier, Rudolf; Cranston, Peter S. (2018).
2851:
703:
652:
651:
Lukashevich, Elena D.; Przhiboro, Andrey A.; Marchal-Papier, Francine; Grauvogel-Stamm, Lea (2010).
481:
2699:
315:
230:
Chironomoidea have four life stages: the egg, the worm-like larva, the pupa and the winged adult.
2752:
390:
2864:
573:"Phylogeny of the infraorder Culicomorpha (Diptera: Nematocera) based on 28S RNA gene sequences"
2887:
2714:
1878:
571:
Pawlowski, Jan; Szadziewski, Ryszard; Kmieciak, Dariusz; Fahrni, José; Bittar, Gabriel (1996).
2859:
242:
debris, but also in sand covered in fine organic material, pools on granite outcrops, wood
8:
611:
572:
2371:
939:
682:
633:
592:
507:
493:
458:
48:
361:
2766:
1224:
674:
588:
553:
548:
511:
497:
462:
343:
335:
686:
637:
596:
270:
The phylogeny of the
Chironomoidea is disputed. Analyses of the male genital tract,
2599:
2505:
2488:
2366:
1808:
1411:
1168:
1079:
669:
664:
623:
584:
543:
489:
454:
327:
204:
331:
2216:
2211:
2076:
1975:
1924:
1761:
1442:
1307:
1133:
1125:
947:
906:
650:
295:
211:
183:
154:
2828:
2797:
2784:
2737:
2497:
2423:
2337:
2274:
2190:
2125:
2107:
2092:
1998:
1993:
1842:
1620:
1541:
1497:
1458:
1232:
1151:
1092:
1087:
955:
853:
243:
179:
653:"The oldest occurrence of immature Diptera (Insecta), Middle Triassic, France"
2881:
2638:
2630:
2621:
2513:
2447:
2439:
2392:
2358:
2174:
2130:
2035:
2027:
1949:
1939:
1883:
1855:
1745:
1604:
1557:
1526:
1278:
1270:
1181:
1061:
1053:
981:
963:
678:
557:
466:
339:
275:
271:
2669:
2661:
2652:
2594:
2555:
2538:
2413:
2313:
2250:
2158:
2135:
2066:
2011:
1988:
1944:
1934:
1929:
1919:
1898:
1813:
1774:
1737:
1707:
1665:
1644:
1612:
1513:
1463:
1261:
1160:
1071:
1019:
1011:
914:
890:
828:
770:
347:
239:
219:
207:
200:
164:
149:
125:
695:
2810:
2776:
2746:
2586:
2565:
2296:
2279:
2255:
2242:
2166:
2145:
2058:
2050:
2040:
1983:
1954:
1914:
1888:
1779:
1753:
1698:
1582:
1549:
1492:
1429:
1386:
1240:
1199:
1191:
1173:
1066:
1048:
861:
294:(family unknown) indicates that the superfamily existed during the early
316:"CONGRUENCE AND CONTROVERSY: Toward a Higher-Level Phylogeny of Diptera"
30:
2578:
2521:
2455:
2431:
2405:
2350:
2182:
2153:
2120:
2097:
2019:
1906:
1873:
1860:
1834:
1769:
1657:
1484:
1471:
1416:
1366:
1323:
1315:
1032:
998:
990:
837:
810:
802:
786:
628:
443:"Feeding and sexual dimorphism in adult midges (Diptera: Chironomidae)"
215:
197:
193:
159:
115:
40:
2815:
2604:
2560:
2397:
2387:
2321:
2305:
2229:
2221:
2203:
2115:
2102:
2084:
2071:
1850:
1800:
1787:
1724:
1716:
1628:
1531:
1518:
1505:
1450:
1395:
1331:
1291:
1100:
898:
758:
746:
279:
85:
65:
2708:
2731:
2329:
2237:
1962:
1865:
1821:
1673:
1636:
1421:
1403:
869:
764:
418:"Identification and Ecology of Australian Freshwater Invertebrates"
247:
190:
570:
1595:
845:
609:
2379:
1437:
752:
740:
259:
251:
95:
75:
530:
Sinclair, Bradley J.; Borkent, Art; Wood, D. Monty (2007).
727:
186:
105:
441:
Burtt, E. T.; Perry, R. J. O.; McLachlan, A. J. (1986).
258:
Adults generally feed on sugar-rich substances such as
529:
440:
1124:
938:
2879:
1223:
1639:(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
1176:(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)
313:
2629:
2496:
1150:
711:
657:Annales de la Société entomologique de France
2660:
980:
801:
1260:
827:
725:
391:"biting midges, no-see-ums, Culicoides spp"
1385:
718:
704:
29:
668:
627:
547:
536:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
290:A fossil chironomoid larva of the genus
278:have showed that the superfamily is not
2361:(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)
1364:
784:
314:Yeates, D. K.; Wiegmann, B. M. (1999).
2880:
1594:
486:Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity
2713:
2712:
1363:
783:
699:
479:
2852:f8676499-6553-43cc-9f81-4858de494acc
2803:9d8177e6-5784-43e4-b43c-04af894879a8
412:
410:
385:
383:
381:
13:
1824:(cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
494:10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00006-9
459:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1986.tb01188.x
14:
2904:
407:
378:
589:10.1046/j.1365-3113.1996.d01-5.x
549:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00314.x
203:. This superfamily contains the
52:
644:
250:(gathering collectors), filter
670:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697636
603:
564:
523:
488:, Elsevier, pp. 874–885,
473:
434:
354:
307:
225:
1:
1508:(dagger flies, balloon flies)
332:10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.397
301:
285:
265:
7:
2700:List of families of Diptera
2332:(house flies, stable flies)
320:Annual Review of Entomology
10:
2909:
1103:(dark-winged fungus gnats)
1095:(long-winged fungus gnats)
1082:(long-beaked fungus gnats)
233:
2721:
2697:
2651:
2620:
2577:
2546:
2537:
2487:
2483:
2422:
2349:
2304:
2295:
2267:
2202:
2177:(vinegar and fruit flies)
2144:
2087:(lekking, or druid flies)
2049:
2010:
1974:
1897:
1833:
1799:
1736:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1693:
1656:
1603:
1590:
1581:
1540:
1483:
1394:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1359:
1310:(long-bodied crane flies)
1290:
1269:
1256:
1219:
1190:
1159:
1146:
1120:
1031:
1010:
989:
976:
934:
881:
836:
823:
797:
793:
779:
735:
482:"Blackflies (Simuliidae)"
146:
141:
49:Scientific classification
47:
37:
28:
23:
1074:(predatory fungus gnats)
480:Adler, Peter H. (2022),
1965:(black scavenger flies)
1326:(hairy-eyed craneflies)
1243:(primitive crane flies)
1001:(march flies, lovebugs)
2607:(horse and deer flies)
1879:Strongylophthalmyiidae
1790:(picture-winged flies)
1318:(limoniid crane flies)
2893:Diptera superfamilies
2860:Paleobiology Database
2193:(frightful hairy fly)
2022:(beetle-backed flies)
1560:(tangle-veined flies)
1445:(hilarimorphid flies)
1406:(flower-loving flies)
1235:(phantom crane flies)
616:Systematic Entomology
577:Systematic Entomology
2798:Fauna Europaea (new)
2524:(wood soldier flies)
2374:(New Zealand batfly)
2324:(little house flies)
1816:(stilt-legged flies)
1727:(thick-headed flies)
1623:(spear-winged flies)
1552:(small-headed flies)
1281:(winter crane flies)
856:(frog-biting midges)
366:www.bioimages.org.uk
16:Superfamily of flies
2589:(water snipe flies)
2110:(upside-down flies)
1647:(flat-footed flies)
1631:(flat-footed flies)
1500:(long-legged flies)
1334:(large crane flies)
950:(net-winged midges)
917:(non-biting midges)
41:Chironomus plumosus
2258:(freeloader flies)
2061:(leaf miner flies)
2001:(small dung flies)
1845:(stalk-eyed flies)
1668:(big-headed flies)
1126:Perissommatomorpha
956:Deuterophlebiidae
940:Blephariceromorpha
659:. Nouvelle Série.
629:10.1111/syen.12285
395:entnemdept.ufl.edu
2875:
2874:
2715:Taxon identifiers
2706:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2647:
2646:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2590:
2569:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2506:Pantophthalmidae
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2409:
2401:
2383:
2375:
2362:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2259:
2246:
2233:
2225:
2212:Acartophthalmidae
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2161:(quasimodo flies)
2111:
2088:
2080:
2062:
2031:
2023:
2002:
1966:
1958:
1910:
1869:
1846:
1825:
1817:
1791:
1783:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1728:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1522:
1509:
1501:
1475:
1467:
1454:
1446:
1433:
1425:
1407:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1301:
1282:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1225:Ptychopteromorpha
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1177:
1142:
1141:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1083:
1080:Lygistorrhinidae
1075:
1057:
1042:
1023:
1002:
972:
971:
959:
958:(mountain midges)
951:
930:
929:
926:
925:
918:
910:
902:
894:
893:(solitary midges)
873:
865:
857:
849:
848:(meniscus midges)
819:
818:
503:978-0-323-90303-5
172:
171:
2900:
2868:
2867:
2855:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2832:
2831:
2829:NBNSYS0100019430
2819:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2710:
2709:
2671:
2658:
2657:
2627:
2626:
2622:Vermileonomorpha
2606:
2600:Pelecorhynchidae
2588:
2567:
2544:
2543:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2494:
2493:
2489:Stratiomyomorpha
2485:
2484:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2407:
2399:
2381:
2373:
2372:Mystacinobiidae
2367:Mesembrinellidae
2360:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2302:
2301:
2281:
2257:
2244:
2231:
2223:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2109:
2086:
2078:
2077:Aulacigastridae
2060:
2029:
2021:
2000:
1964:
1956:
1908:
1884:Syringogastridae
1867:
1844:
1823:
1815:
1809:Cypselosomatidae
1789:
1781:
1763:
1762:Platystomatidae
1755:
1747:
1726:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1675:
1667:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1559:
1551:
1520:
1507:
1499:
1474:(stiletto flies)
1473:
1465:
1452:
1444:
1443:Hilarimorphidae
1431:
1423:
1412:Apsilocephalidae
1405:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1308:Cylindrotomidae
1300:
1299:
1295:
1280:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1242:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1201:
1175:
1169:Canthyloscelidae
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1122:
1121:
1102:
1094:
1081:
1073:
1055:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1021:
1000:
987:
986:
978:
977:
957:
949:
948:Blephariceridae
936:
935:
916:
908:
907:Ceratopogonidae
900:
892:
871:
864:(phantom midges)
863:
855:
847:
834:
833:
825:
824:
799:
798:
795:
794:
781:
780:
720:
713:
706:
697:
696:
691:
690:
672:
648:
642:
641:
631:
607:
601:
600:
568:
562:
561:
551:
527:
521:
520:
519:
518:
477:
471:
470:
438:
432:
431:
429:
428:
422:www.mdfrc.org.au
414:
405:
404:
402:
401:
387:
376:
375:
373:
372:
358:
352:
351:
311:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2863:
2858:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2796:
2788:
2783:
2775:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2717:
2707:
2702:
2677:
2653:Xylophagomorpha
2643:
2612:
2573:
2529:
2516:(soldier flies)
2463:
2418:
2408:(tachina flies)
2345:
2338:Scathophagidae
2316:(cabbage flies)
2287:
2263:
2217:Australimyzidae
2198:
2191:Mormotomyiidae
2140:
2108:Neurochaetidae
2045:
2006:
1999:Sphaeroceridae
1976:Sphaeroceroidea
1970:
1930:Heterocheilidae
1925:Helosciomyzidae
1893:
1829:
1795:
1782:(peacock flies)
1748:(flutter flies)
1732:
1681:
1652:
1621:Lonchopteridae
1565:
1536:
1514:Homalocnemiidae
1498:Dolichopodidae
1479:
1369:
1339:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1286:
1248:
1233:Ptychopteridae
1207:
1186:
1138:
1134:Perissommatidae
1108:
1093:Rangomaramidae
1038:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1006:
968:
922:
909:(biting midges)
877:
854:Corethrellidae
815:
789:
775:
731:
724:
694:
649:
645:
608:
604:
569:
565:
528:
524:
516:
514:
504:
478:
474:
439:
435:
426:
424:
416:
415:
408:
399:
397:
389:
388:
379:
370:
368:
362:"Chironomoidea"
360:
359:
355:
312:
308:
304:
296:Middle Triassic
288:
268:
236:
228:
212:Ceratopogonidae
155:Ceratopogonidae
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2856:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2794:
2785:Fauna Europaea
2781:
2771:
2758:
2743:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2631:Vermileonoidea
2624:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2558:
2556:Austroleptidae
2552:
2550:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2514:Stratiomyidae
2511:
2508:(timber flies)
2502:
2500:
2498:Stratiomyoidea
2491:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2453:
2448:Nycteribiidae
2445:
2440:Hippoboscidae
2437:
2434:(tsetse flies)
2428:
2426:
2424:Hippoboscoidea
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2398:Sarcophagidae
2395:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2364:
2359:Calliphoridae
2355:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2275:Cryptochetidae
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2175:Drosophilidae
2172:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Periscelididae
2123:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Fergusoninidae
2090:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:Chamaemyiidae
2025:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1994:Nannodastiidae
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1764:(signal flies)
1759:
1756:(cheese flies)
1751:
1746:Pallopteridae
1742:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1615:(ironic flies)
1609:
1607:
1598:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:Nemestrinidae
1555:
1546:
1544:
1542:Nemestrinoidea
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1466:(window flies)
1461:
1459:Mythicomyiidae
1456:
1448:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1424:(robber flies)
1419:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:Trichoceridae
1275:
1273:
1271:Trichoceroidea
1264:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1152:Psychodomorpha
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1088:Mycetophilidae
1085:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:Cecidomyiidae
1051:
1049:Bolitophilidae
1045:
1043:
1039:(fungus gnats)
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
995:
993:
984:
974:
973:
970:
969:
967:
966:
961:
953:
944:
942:
932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
921:
920:
912:
904:
896:
887:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
867:
859:
851:
842:
840:
831:
821:
820:
817:
816:
814:
813:
807:
805:
791:
790:
777:
776:
774:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
736:
733:
732:
723:
722:
715:
708:
700:
693:
692:
643:
622:(3): 434–446.
602:
583:(2): 167–178.
563:
542:(4): 711–742.
522:
502:
472:
433:
406:
377:
353:
326:(1): 397–428.
305:
303:
300:
287:
284:
267:
264:
235:
232:
227:
224:
170:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
144:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Chironomoidea
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2905:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Chironomoidea
2886:
2885:
2883:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2767:CHIRONOMOIDEA
2763:
2759:
2754:
2753:Chironomoidea
2748:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2723:Chironomoidea
2720:
2716:
2711:
2701:
2696:
2674:
2670:Xylophagidae
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2662:Xylophagoidea
2659:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2639:Vermileonidae
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2568:(snipe flies)
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2442:(louse flies)
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2400:(flesh flies)
2396:
2394:
2393:Rhinophoridae
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2314:Anthomyiidae
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:(lance flies)
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2232:(beach flies)
2228:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2185:(shore flies)
2181:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:Curtonotidae
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:Teratomyzidae
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Cremifaniidae
2034:
2032:
2030:(aphid flies)
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1957:(marsh flies)
1953:
1951:
1950:Ropalomeridae
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Natalimyzidae
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Megamerinidae
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1814:Micropezidae
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1666:Pipunculidae
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1645:Platypezidae
1643:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1613:Ironomyiidae
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1605:Platypezoidea
1602:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:Oreogetonidae
1525:
1523:
1521:(dance flies)
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1464:Scenopinidae
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1453:(mydas flies)
1449:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1417:Apystomyiidae
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1298:(crane flies)
1293:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1182:Valeseguyidae
1180:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1072:Keroplatidae
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:Diadocidiidae
1060:
1058:
1056:(gall midges)
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1020:Anisopodidae
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1012:Anisopodoidea
1009:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
988:
985:
983:
982:Bibionomorpha
979:
975:
965:
964:Nymphomyiidae
962:
960:
954:
952:
946:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
919:
915:Chironomidae
913:
911:
905:
903:
901:(black flies)
897:
895:
891:Thaumaleidae
889:
888:
886:
884:
883:Chironomoidea
880:
874:
868:
866:
860:
858:
852:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
835:
832:
830:
826:
822:
812:
809:
808:
806:
804:
803:Axymyiomorpha
800:
796:
792:
788:
782:
778:
772:
768:
766:
762:
760:
756:
754:
750:
748:
744:
742:
738:
737:
734:
729:
721:
716:
714:
709:
707:
702:
701:
698:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
666:
663:(1–2): 4–22.
662:
658:
654:
647:
639:
635:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
606:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
559:
555:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
526:
513:
509:
505:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
476:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
437:
423:
419:
413:
411:
396:
392:
386:
384:
382:
367:
363:
357:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
310:
306:
299:
297:
293:
283:
281:
277:
276:transcriptome
273:
272:ribosomal RNA
263:
261:
256:
253:
249:
245:
241:
231:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
176:Chironomoidea
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
145:
140:
137:
136:Chironomoidea
134:
132:Superfamily:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
42:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2722:
2595:Oreoleptidae
2587:Athericidae
2566:Rhagionidae
2561:Bolbomyiidae
2548:Rhagionoidea
2539:Tabanomorpha
2432:Glossinidae
2414:Ulurumyiidae
2340:(dung flies)
2280:Lonchaeidae
2268:Lonchaeoidea
2256:Milichiidae
2251:Inbiomyiidae
2245:(frit flies)
2243:Chloropidae
2167:Diastatidae
2136:Xenasteiidae
2067:Anthomyzidae
2059:Agromyzidae
2012:Lauxanioidea
1989:Heleomyzidae
1955:Sciomyzidae
1945:Phaeomyiidae
1935:Huttoninidae
1920:Helcomyzidae
1909:(kelp flies)
1899:Sciomyzoidea
1868:(rust flies)
1780:Tephritidae
1775:Richardiidae
1754:Piophilidae
1738:Tephritoidea
1708:Acalyptratae
1676:(hoverflies)
1550:Acroceridae
1430:Bombyliidae
1404:Apioceridae
1262:Tipulomorpha
1241:Tanyderidae
1202:(moth flies)
1200:Psychodidae
1192:Psychodoidea
1174:Scatopsidae
1161:Scatopsoidea
1022:(wood gnats)
882:
872:(mosquitoes)
862:Chaoboridae
829:Culicomorpha
771:Holometabola
769:Superorder:
763:Infraclass:
660:
656:
646:
619:
615:
605:
580:
576:
566:
539:
535:
525:
515:, retrieved
485:
475:
453:(1): 27–32.
450:
446:
436:
425:. Retrieved
421:
398:. Retrieved
394:
369:. Retrieved
365:
356:
323:
319:
309:
291:
289:
280:monophyletic
269:
257:
237:
229:
220:Thaumaleidae
208:Chironomidae
201:Culicomorpha
175:
173:
165:Thaumaleidae
150:Chironomidae
135:
126:Culicomorpha
122:Infraorder:
39:
18:
2811:iNaturalist
2747:Wikispecies
2672:(awl flies)
2522:Xylomyidae
2458:(bat flies)
2456:Streblidae
2450:(bat flies)
2406:Tachinidae
2297:Calyptratae
2183:Ephydridae
2169:(bog flies)
2146:Ephydroidea
2079:(sap flies)
2051:Opomyzoidea
2041:Lauxaniidae
2020:Celyphidae
1984:Chyromyidae
1915:Dryomyzidae
1907:Coelopidae
1889:Tanypezidae
1699:Schizophora
1583:Muscomorpha
1493:Atelestidae
1472:Therevidae
1432:(bee flies)
1387:Asilomorpha
1324:Pediciidae
1316:Limoniidae
1067:Ditomyiidae
999:Bibionidae
991:Bibionoidea
899:Simuliidae
226:Description
182:within the
180:superfamily
2882:Categories
2605:Tabanidae
2579:Tabanoidea
2382:(botflies)
2380:Oestridae
2351:Oestroidea
2322:Fanniidae
2230:Canacidae
2224:(bee lice)
2222:Braulidae
2154:Camillidae
2121:Opomyzidae
2098:Marginidae
2085:Clusiidae
1874:Somatiidae
1861:Nothybidae
1843:Diopsidae
1835:Diopsoidea
1788:Ulidiidae
1770:Pyrgotidae
1725:Conopidae
1717:Conopoidea
1674:Syrphidae
1658:Syrphoidea
1629:Opetiidae
1519:Hybotidae
1506:Empididae
1485:Empidoidea
1367:Brachycera
1332:Tipulidae
1292:Tipuloidea
1101:Sciaridae
1033:Sciaroidea
870:Culicidae
838:Culicoidea
811:Axymyiidae
787:Nematocera
757:Subclass:
747:Arthropoda
517:2022-08-15
427:2022-08-15
400:2022-08-15
371:2022-08-15
302:References
292:Anisinodus
216:Simuliidae
198:infraorder
194:Nematocera
160:Simuliidae
116:Nematocera
112:Suborder:
86:Arthropoda
2388:Rhiniidae
2330:Muscidae
2306:Muscoidea
2204:Carnoidea
2116:Odiniidae
2103:Neminidae
2072:Asteiidae
1963:Sepsidae
1866:Psilidae
1851:Gobryidae
1822:Neriidae
1801:Nerioidea
1637:Phoridae
1532:Ragadidae
1438:Evocoidae
1422:Asilidae
1396:Asiloidea
1365:Suborder
785:Suborder
759:Pterygota
739:Kingdom:
679:0037-9271
558:1096-3642
512:243524346
467:0906-7590
447:Ecography
340:0066-4170
286:Evolution
266:Phylogeny
142:Families
72:Kingdom:
66:Eukaryota
2774:BioLib:
2738:Q2214088
2732:Wikidata
2238:Carnidae
1451:Mydidae
846:Dixidae
765:Neoptera
745:Phylum:
741:Animalia
730:families
687:86029875
638:90255287
597:86595848
348:15012378
248:detritus
205:families
191:suborder
82:Phylum:
76:Animalia
62:Domain:
1596:Aschiza
753:Insecta
751:Class:
728:Diptera
726:Extant
252:diatoms
240:benthic
234:Ecology
187:Diptera
106:Diptera
102:Order:
96:Insecta
92:Class:
2865:210468
2849:NZOR:
2816:509764
685:
677:
636:
595:
556:
510:
500:
465:
346:
338:
260:nectar
218:, and
178:are a
2842:41828
2790:11643
2777:17362
683:S2CID
634:S2CID
593:S2CID
508:S2CID
244:snags
184:order
38:Male
2837:NCBI
675:ISSN
554:ISSN
498:ISBN
463:ISSN
344:PMID
336:ISSN
274:and
174:The
2824:NBN
2762:AFD
665:doi
624:doi
585:doi
544:doi
540:150
490:doi
455:doi
328:doi
2884::
2862::
2839::
2826::
2813::
2800::
2787::
2764::
2749::
2734::
681:.
673:.
661:46
655:.
632:.
620:43
618:.
614:.
591:.
581:21
579:.
575:.
552:.
538:.
534:.
506:,
496:,
484:,
461:.
449:.
445:.
420:.
409:^
393:.
380:^
364:.
342:.
334:.
324:44
322:.
318:.
298:.
282:.
222:.
214:,
210:,
196:,
189:,
719:e
712:t
705:v
689:.
667::
640:.
626::
599:.
587::
560:.
546::
492::
469:.
457::
451:9
430:.
403:.
374:.
350:.
330::
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