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The adult chinstrap's flippers are black with a white edge; the inner sides of the flippers are white. The face is white extending behind the eyes, which are reddish brown; the chin and throat are white, as well, while the short bill is black. The strong legs and the webbed feet are pink. Its short,
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On land, they build circular nests from stones, and lay two eggs, which are incubated by both the male and the female for shifts around 6 days each. The chicks hatch after around 37 days, and have fluffy grey backs and white fronts. The chicks stay in the nest for 20–30 days before they go to join
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In 2018, the IUCN estimated that the population of chinstrap penguins was around 8 million specimens. Although it is believed to be decreasing overall, its population is not severely fragmented and in many sites it is increasing or stable. The species is classified as
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that inhabits a variety of islands and shores in the
Southern Pacific and the Antarctic Oceans. Its name stems from the narrow black band under its head, which makes it appear as if it were wearing a black helmet, making it easy to identify. Other common names include
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and took turns trying to "hatch" a rock, for which a keeper eventually substituted a fertile egg, and the pair subsequently hatched and raised the chick. Penguins by nature hatch eggs and are social creatures. The children's book
441:, which they swim up to 80 km (50 mi) offshore each day to obtain. The chinstrap penguin's tightly packed feathers provide a waterproof coat, enabling it to swim in freezing waters. Additionally, thick
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595:. In several parts of its range, climate change decreases the abundance of krill, which likely makes reproduction less successful. For instance, a 2019 expedition to breeding grounds on
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The chinstrap penguin grows to a length of 68–76 cm (27–30 in) and a weight of 3.2–5.3 kg (7.1–11.7 lb), with the weight varying with the time of year. Males are
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as of 2016, due to its large range and population, following five previous assessments of the same status from 2004 to 2012 and three assessments as "unknown" from 1988 to 2000.
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Chinstrap penguins microsleep over 10,000 times a day and accomplish this in 4 second bouts of sleep. The sleep can be both bihemispheric and unihemispheric
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show a fifty percent population decline in just under fifty years. Other potential threats include volcanic events and the fishing of krill by humans.
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stumpy legs give it a distinct waddle when it walks. The chinstrap penguin's black back and white underside provide camouflage in the form of
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Strycker, Noah; Wethington, Michael; Borowicz, Alex; Forrest, Steve; Witharana, Chandi; Hart, Tom; Lynch, Heather J. (2020-11-10).
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484:) are the primary predators of the penguin. These three species most often prey on eggs and young chinstrap penguins. The
417:. Vagrant individuals have been found in New Zealand, the islands of Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha, and South Africa.
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460:). Every year, the leopard seal causes the chinstraps population to decrease by about 5% to 20%. On land, the
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Libourel, P.-A.; Lee, W. Y.; Achin, I.; Chung, H.; Kim, J.; Massot, B.; Rattenborg, N. C. (December 2023).
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Chinstrap penguins are generally considered to be the most aggressive and ill-tempered species of penguin.
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Animals and Earth – photos for conservation, science, education and you – chinstrap penguin photos
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878:"Nesting chinstrap penguins accrue large quantities of sleep through seconds-long microsleeps"
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1000:"Chinstrap penguin colonies in Antarctica suffer '77pc decline since last survey'"
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1041:"A global population assessment of the Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica)"
976:"Antarctica's Most Numerous Penguin Has Suffered Huge Declines, Expedition Finds"
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524:. Around 50–60 days old, they moult, gaining their adult feathers and go to sea.
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when viewed from above or below, helping to avoid detection by its predators.
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Chinstrap penguins have a circumpolar distribution. They breed in
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1026:"Chinstrap Penguins: Risking Their Lives on Zavodovski Island"
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in the flippers and legs assist in the preservation of heat.
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Commentationes
Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis
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The main predator of the chinstrap penguin at sea is the
927:"Bisexual Species: Unorthodox Sex in the Animal Kingdom"
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is also known to occasionally kill chinstrap penguins.
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De Roy, Tui; Jones, Mark; Cornthwaite, Julie (2014).
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The diet of the chinstrap penguin consists of small
352:, is the currently accepted name for this species.
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645:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697761A184807209.en
809:Borboroglu, Pablo Garcia; Boersma, P. D. (2015).
808:
659:
591:The chinstrap penguin is primarily threatened by
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953:"Gay icon causes a flap by picking up a female"
1174:: Spheniscidae · subfamily: Spheniscinae)
1107:70south.com: information on chinstrap penguins
869:
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415:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
369:Video showing various behaviours, Antarctica
348:and its assigned genus. The corrected form,
548:In 2004, two male chinstrap penguins named
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812:Penguins: Natural History and Conservation
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375:greater in weight and height than females
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328:transferred this species into the genus
312:in 1781, thereby placing it in the same
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1829:Birds of islands of the Atlantic Ocean
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301:This species was originally given the
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340:penguins. This gave it the new name
1804:IUCN Red List least concern species
925:Driscoll, Emily V. (10 July 2008).
631:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
30:For other uses of "Chinstrap", see
24:
794:. Lincoln Park Zoo. Archived from
25:
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1117:Penguin World: chinstrap penguins
1100:
1024:Liversage, Sian (June 27, 2020).
951:Bone, James (27 September 2005).
571:was written based on this event.
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1017:
992:
967:
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620:BirdLife International (2020).
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293:, due to its loud, harsh call.
817:University of Washington Press
792:"Chinstrap Penguin Fact Sheet"
732:
500:Chinstrap penguin colony near
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13:
1:
1834:Birds of subantarctic islands
768:Australian Antarctic Division
602:
1275:(or northern little penguin)
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974:Stryker, Noah (2020-02-10).
704:Penguins: The Ultimate Guide
491:
7:
1824:Birds of the Southern Ocean
1377:Northern rockhopper penguin
1372:Southern rockhopper penguin
411:French Southern Territories
296:
10:
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1065:10.1038/s41598-020-76479-3
709:Princeton University Press
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32:Chinstrap (disambiguation)
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1170:: Sphenisciformes ·
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667:"Chinstrap Penguin Facts"
638:: e.T22697761A184807209.
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99:Scientific classification
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1269:(or little blue penguin)
1112:Chinstrap penguin images
856:New Zealand Birds Online
474:Stercorarius maccormicki
466:Stercorarius antarcticus
1839:Birds described in 1781
1273:White-flippered penguin
1229:(brush-tailed penguins)
903:10.1126/science.adh0771
445:deposits and intricate
310:Johann Reinhold Forster
1781:Pygoscelis-antarcticus
1488:pygoscelis-antarcticus
1475:Pygoscelis_antarcticus
1462:Pygoscelis_antarcticus
1448:Pygoscelis antarcticus
1418:Pygoscelis antarcticus
624:Pygoscelis antarcticus
516:
508:
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306:Aptenodytes antarctica
273:Pygoscelis antarcticus
243:Aptenodytes antarctica
208:Pygoscelis antarcticus
61:South Shetland Islands
1737:Paleobiology Database
1367:Erect-crested penguin
568:And Tango Makes Three
514:
499:
482:Macronectes giganteus
478:southern giant petrel
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251:Pygoscelis antarctica
815:(reprint ed.).
764:"Chinstrap penguins"
711:. pp. 206–207.
707:(reprint ed.).
679:on February 18, 2019
515:Adult with juveniles
332:, together with the
291:stonecracker penguin
1819:Birds of Antarctica
1330:Yellow-eyed penguin
1057:2020NatSR..1019474S
931:Scientific American
894:2023Sci...382.1026L
888:(6674): 1026–1031.
852:"Chinstrap penguin"
672:National Geographic
575:Conservation status
506:Antarctic Peninsula
324:penguins. In 1990,
190:P. antarcticus
69:Conservation status
1350:(crested penguins)
1295:Magellanic penguin
1045:Scientific Reports
819:. pp. 52–72.
520:other chicks in a
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486:Antarctic fur seal
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276:) is a species of
42:Chinstrap penguin
27:Species of penguin
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1724:Open Tree of Life
1690:chinstrap-penguin
1410:Taxon identifiers
1401:
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1357:Fiordland penguin
1305:Galapagos penguin
1288:(banded penguins)
1260:(little penguins)
1241:Chinstrap penguin
458:Hydrurga leptonyx
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268:chinstrap penguin
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18:Chinstrap Penguin
16:(Redirected from
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955:. Times Online
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1750:SeaLifeBase
1675:Neotropical
1610:iNaturalist
1442:Wikispecies
1200:Aptenodytes
861:18 February
832:18 February
773:18 February
724:17 February
683:17 February
651:12 November
560:, formed a
502:Orne Harbor
356:Description
1814:Pygoscelis
1798:Categories
1776:Xeno-canto
1321:Megadyptes
1285:Spheniscus
1226:Pygoscelis
1010:2020-03-01
985:2020-02-11
741:3 (1780):
603:References
462:brown skua
395:Antarctica
346:antarctica
330:Pygoscelis
177:Pygoscelis
1394:(extinct)
1337:(extinct)
1257:Eudyptula
1073:2045-2322
562:pair bond
492:Behaviour
399:Argentina
184:Species:
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
1809:Penguins
1654:22697761
1628:11828275
1576:45512078
1514:22697761
1509:BirdLife
1427:Wikidata
1347:Eudyptes
1158:Penguins
1091:33173126
1004:ABC News
959:31 March
936:22 April
912:38033080
297:Taxonomy
234:Synonyms
162:Family:
136:Chordata
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
89:IUCN 3.1
1680:chipen2
1602:2481664
1563:chipen2
1537:chipen2
1496:Avibase
1433:Q126643
1190:Species
1082:7655846
1053:Bibcode
980:Audubon
890:Bibcode
882:Science
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476:), and
443:blubber
421:Ecology
322:emperor
316:as the
278:penguin
255:Turbott
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216:Forster
172:Genus:
152:Order:
142:Class:
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1667:79643
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1527:52309
1182:Genus
1168:order
439:squid
431:krill
407:Chile
314:genus
1711:OBIS
1662:NCBI
1649:IUCN
1636:ITIS
1597:GBIF
1522:BOLD
1087:PMID
1069:ISSN
961:2009
938:2012
908:PMID
863:2019
834:2019
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653:2021
636:2020
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320:and
318:king
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