2897:
2890:
1291:
122:
2936:
489:
are dermal osteoderms. Two prominent spines, from the neck region, are well-preserved. They were decidedly not from the edge of the shell, because large amounts of the region of the carapace they would be from were preserved. Also, the pair of osteoderms were unlikely to be from the tail, because of
480:
is a unique turtle, and was preserved to have an extremely thin shell. Even though the shell has an estimated length of 35 cm (14 in), the thickest section, above the keel, is only 3 mm (0.12 in) thick, with the average shell thickness being 1 mm (0.039 in). The shell
871:. (2009) interpret the "poor association" of the ribs and vertebrae to the coastals as evidence that the turtle shell did not evolve exclusively from endoskeletal elements but also from dermal armor, with both parts becoming completely fused in later turtles. After the discovery of
416:, and portions of the bridge. The materials were collected separately over several years, but exhibit the same preservation, features, and are all from the same area, so they were assigned to the same individual.
667:
756:
708:
2439:
556:; dorsal ribs in contact two dorsal vertebrae; the appearance of compressed dorsal ribs that are oriented vertically and only lightly associated with overlying
916:, which the authors see as a derived aquatic form that either lost the carapace or possessed an unfused carapace that was not preserved during fossilization.
1663:
2537:
2453:
428:
338:
209:
587:. Its armouring shows the evolution of the turtle carapace, and although some basal features like thin ribs suggest a more primitive placement. The
2749:
1816:
1741:
378:
3001:
2820:
2771:
2425:
2292:
2244:
2153:
1911:
1830:
1823:
1734:
1679:
1589:
2786:
2446:
2404:
2348:
2320:
2285:
2230:
1853:
2756:
2432:
2369:
2341:
2334:
2306:
2299:
2083:
1933:
2793:
2551:
2495:
2474:
2411:
2355:
2216:
2209:
2040:
1940:
1649:
1599:
2834:
2565:
2237:
2223:
2174:
2160:
1720:
1345:
881:'s status as a good representative of the ancestral turtle morphology. Because of this, if was instead considered a likely relative of
2271:
2167:
2139:
2104:
2056:
1106:, otherwise considered stem-turtles supporting an osteoderm-free origin of the carapace. In their analysis, the former is placed in
2988:
2544:
2523:
2132:
1324:
568:
ridge that widens towards the end; a plastron with a sloping inguinal notch; and neck armour prongs forming an angular cone.
2896:
3060:
2889:
564:
and dorsal ribs only incipient; the carapace and most of plastron laminar in thickness; a carapace with distinct
500:, but it was considered likely that they were extended fully around the shell because of their presence on
1317:
121:
898:
represents the ancestral morphology and habits. Their phylogenetic analysis places turtles close to
1228:"A thin-shelled reptile from the Late Triassic of North America and the origin of the turtle shell"
684:
626:
485:
the thinnest-shelled turtle known from a fully grown shell. The other well-discussed materials of
3032:
2956:
2939:
1310:
3006:
3055:
3027:
3019:
523:
385:
3065:
435:
345:
216:
8:
2868:
2327:
1421:
1296:
732:
1268:
1255:
1227:
1157:
984:
900:
349:
116:
3014:
2262:
1273:
1247:
1134:
1161:
469:
words for "delicate" and "shell", respectively, based on the thinness of its shell.
2579:
1807:
1263:
1239:
1195:
1149:
565:
546:
543:
257:
2979:
2739:
2003:
1991:
1844:
1498:
2914:
2648:
2627:
2502:
2362:
2097:
1970:
1700:
1672:
1639:
3049:
2675:
2662:
2388:
2033:
2019:
1983:
1925:
1895:
1727:
1629:
1619:
1609:
1481:
1459:
1433:
1390:
1333:
1251:
1111:
1052:
794:
779:
601:
492:
393:
358:
316:
312:
176:
68:
30:
2929:
2924:
2813:
2779:
2763:
2720:
2467:
2418:
2278:
2090:
1860:
1761:
1752:
1579:
1569:
1519:
1508:
1277:
1243:
1226:
Joyce, W.G.; Lucas, S.G.; Scheyer, T.M.; Heckert, A.B.; Hunt, A.P. (2009).
1096:
1035:
905:
873:
516:
450:
409:
324:
320:
224:
2827:
2804:
2699:
2655:
2634:
2383:
2202:
2188:
2181:
2146:
2125:
1904:
1874:
1542:
1529:
1153:
1102:
997:
951:
934:
612:
584:
304:
189:
43:
1259:
2993:
2919:
2727:
2713:
2706:
2692:
2516:
2488:
2481:
2397:
2313:
2118:
2111:
2012:
1867:
1789:
1713:
1686:
1406:
1363:
877:, which possessed a plastron but not a carapace, Joyce (2017) rejected
389:
88:
53:
1184:
from the Upper
Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles"
2841:
2685:
2620:
2509:
2460:
2048:
1948:
1918:
1768:
588:
561:
413:
133:
93:
37:
2950:
2973:
2641:
2195:
2074:
2026:
1956:
1782:
1775:
1357:
1107:
1094:
Moreover, they reject a close relationship between
Testudinata and
531:
447:
401:
397:
374:
153:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
579:
was determined to be a primitive genus, assigned as a relative of
2613:
2558:
2530:
1881:
1372:
1200:
1179:
550:
519:
328:
297:
163:
98:
73:
1302:
2857:
2063:
1381:
1351:
885:
and classified in the same genus, creating the new combination
557:
382:
308:
143:
319:. Among turtles it is unique, mostly because of its very thin
281:
269:
2606:
466:
439:
300:
272:
260:
553:
539:
535:
275:
1135:"A Review of the Fossil Record of Basal Mesozoic Turtles"
405:
263:
1225:
526:
turtles based on the below features, noticed by Joyce
284:
266:
2576:
2380:
2259:
1967:
1892:
1841:
1804:
1697:
1660:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1525:
1515:
1504:
1494:
1286:
549:
hourglass-shaped, platycoelous, and with a distinct
278:
894:Lichtig & Lucas (2021), however, maintain that
1142:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
507:
3047:
379:New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science
396:). The skeleton consists of the middle of the
373:is known from only one assigned specimen, the
1318:
1479:
1177:
496:. Some spines from the shell are known from
337:, was named and described with the genus by
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
862:
591:below shows the suspected relationships of
1325:
1311:
1405:
1267:
1199:
1208:
365:
3048:
560:; a double contact between the dorsal
2955:
2954:
1344:
1306:
1178:Lichtig, A. J.; Lucas, S. G. (2021).
1132:
1173:
1171:
1128:
1126:
362:, another terrestrial testudinatan.
315:and is the oldest turtle known from
13:
1232:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
908:with multiple rows of osteoderms.
14:
3077:
1332:
1168:
1123:
912:is in a more basal position than
571:
2935:
2934:
2895:
2888:
1289:
256:
120:
41:
515:can be distinguished from both
453:the holotype was found in, and
1194:(1): Article number 24.1.a13.
508:Distinguishing characteristics
472:
1:
1117:
534:, carapace and multi-element
1110:and the latter in (or near)
419:
303:of stem-turtle belonging to
7:
668:Palaeochersis talampayensis
10:
3082:
1188:Palaeontologia Electronica
3061:Prehistoric turtle genera
2963:
2909:
2885:
2856:
2803:
2737:
2673:
2601:
2575:
2379:
2258:
2073:
2002:
1978:
1966:
1891:
1840:
1803:
1751:
1708:
1696:
1659:
1551:
1540:
1490:
1475:
1456:
1432:
1414:
1401:
1340:
1049:
1032:
1025:
1008:
1001:
981:
974:
948:
931:
924:
883:Proganochelys quenstedtii
792:
777:
770:
753:
746:
729:
722:
705:
698:
681:
664:
657:
640:
623:
616:
605:and other basal turtles:
356:to be closely related to
352:, and was found by Joyce
230:
223:
117:Scientific classification
115:
23:
888:Proganochelys tenertesta
863:Evolutonary implications
685:Australochelys africanus
627:Proganochelys quenstedti
16:Extinct genus of turtles
896:Chinlechelys tenertesta
644:Chinlechelys tenertesta
425:Chinlechelys tenertesta
233:Chinlechelys tenertesta
1244:10.1098/rspb.2008.1196
757:Mongolochelys efremovi
709:Proterochersis robusta
457:, Greek for "turtle".
3028:Paleobiology Database
1133:Joyce, W. G. (2017).
442:name is derived from
386:Bull Canyon Formation
381:) recovered from the
1154:10.3374/014.058.0105
530:: the presence of a
366:Discovery and naming
2328:Protoxinjiangchelys
1297:Paleontology portal
733:Kayentachelys aprix
490:a comparison with
348:. It was probably
307:. It lived in the
3043:
3042:
3015:Open Tree of Life
2957:Taxon identifiers
2948:
2947:
2905:
2904:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2852:
2851:
2263:Xinjiangchelyidae
2254:
2253:
1799:
1798:
1664:Australochelyidae
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1452:
1451:
1238:(1656): 507–513.
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1063:
963:
962:
859:
858:
850:
849:
841:
840:
832:
831:
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
465:and based on the
247:
246:
219:
3073:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3022:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2952:
2951:
2938:
2937:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2580:Thalassochelydia
2578:
2382:
2261:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1894:
1843:
1808:Sichuanchelyidae
1806:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1662:
1647:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1527:
1517:
1506:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1476:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1342:
1341:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1223:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1139:
1130:
1028:
1027:
1004:
1003:
977:
976:
927:
926:
920:
919:
773:
772:
749:
748:
725:
724:
701:
700:
660:
659:
619:
618:
609:
608:
481:thickness makes
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
208:
201:
125:
124:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3005:
3000:
2992:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2959:
2949:
2944:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2875:
2848:
2799:
2740:Plesiochelyidae
2733:
2669:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2571:
2538:Tienfucheloides
2454:Hongkongochelys
2387:
2375:
2250:
2069:
2004:Pleurosternidae
1998:
1992:Helochelydridae
1962:
1887:
1845:Helochelydridae
1836:
1795:
1747:
1692:
1655:
1545:
1536:
1499:Eorhynchochelys
1484:
1463:
1448:
1428:
1397:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1331:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1224:
1209:
1176:
1169:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
964:
865:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
574:
510:
475:
429:Walter G. Joyce
422:
377:NMMNH P-16697 (
368:
339:Walter G. Joyce
259:
255:
243:
236:
207:
199:
119:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3024:
3011:
2998:
2985:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2915:Angolachelonia
2910:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2753:
2750:Craspedochelys
2745:
2743:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2681:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2659:
2652:
2649:Pelobatochelys
2645:
2638:
2631:
2628:Hispaniachelys
2624:
2617:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2503:Manchurochelys
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2393:
2391:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2363:Xinjiangchelys
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1971:Paracryptodira
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1817:Laurasichersis
1812:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1742:Trapalcochelys
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1703:
1701:Meiolaniformes
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1673:Australochelys
1668:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1640:Proterochersis
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1513:
1502:
1491:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1409:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1284:
1283:
1207:
1167:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1007:
1002:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
989:
980:
975:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
961:
960:
957:
956:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
930:
925:
923:
918:
864:
861:
857:
856:
853:
852:
848:
847:
844:
843:
839:
838:
835:
834:
830:
829:
826:
825:
821:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
808:
807:
803:
802:
799:
798:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
776:
771:
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
752:
747:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
728:
723:
721:
718:
717:
714:
713:
704:
699:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
663:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
622:
617:
615:
607:
597:Pronganochelys
573:
572:Classification
570:
509:
506:
474:
471:
421:
418:
367:
364:
245:
244:
237:
228:
227:
221:
220:
197:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
174:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3078:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2941:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2898:
2891:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2821:Brachyopsemys
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:Jurassichelon
2769:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:Eurysternidae
2672:
2665:
2664:
2663:Protostegidae
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2426:Changmachelys
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2389:Macrobaenidae
2385:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2293:Chengyuchelys
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2245:Trinitichelys
2242:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2154:Gehennachelys
2151:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2034:Pleurosternon
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2020:Dorsetochelys
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:Compsemydidae
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:Kallokibotion
1923:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1912:Calissounemys
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1896:Compsemydidae
1890:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1831:Sichuanchelys
1828:
1826:
1825:
1824:Mongolochelys
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1735:Peligrochelys
1732:
1730:
1729:
1728:Patagoniaemys
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:Palaeochersis
1677:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:Proganochelys
1624:
1622:
1621:
1620:Kayentachelys
1614:
1612:
1611:
1610:Kallokibotion
1604:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1590:Heckerochelys
1584:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:Pantestudines
1478:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1460:Pantestudines
1455:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1434:Pantestudines
1431:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1391:Archelosauria
1388:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:Pantestudines
1328:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1298:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:(1): 65–113.
1147:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1112:Sauropterygia
1109:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:Proganochelys
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1005:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
986:
979:
978:
972:
971:
968:
967:
959:
958:
955:
954:
953:
946:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
936:
929:
928:
922:
921:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:
897:
892:
890:
889:
884:
880:
879:C. tenertesta
876:
875:
870:
855:
854:
846:
845:
837:
836:
828:
827:
819:
818:
810:
809:
801:
800:
797:
796:
795:Pancryptodira
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
780:Panpleurodira
775:
774:
768:
767:
764:
763:
760:
759:
758:
751:
750:
744:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
734:
727:
726:
720:
719:
716:
715:
712:
711:
710:
703:
702:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
686:
679:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
669:
662:
661:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
645:
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
628:
621:
620:
614:
611:
610:
606:
604:
603:
602:Kayentachelys
598:
595:, along with
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Proganochelys
578:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:dermal armour
555:
552:
548:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
518:
514:
505:
503:
502:Proganochelys
499:
495:
494:
493:Proganochelys
488:
484:
479:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
430:
427:was named by
426:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:United States
391:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
363:
361:
360:
359:Proganochelys
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
336:
335:
334:C. tenertesta
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:North America
314:
313:Late Triassic
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
294:Chinle turtle
289:
253:
252:
241:
235:
234:
229:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
206:
205:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:Pantestudines
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
36:210–208
32:
31:Late Triassic
26:
22:
19:
3056:Chinle fauna
2965:Chinlechelys
2964:
2930:Perichelydia
2925:Mesochelydia
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2814:Angolachelys
2812:
2792:
2787:Portlandemys
2785:
2780:Plesiochelys
2778:
2770:
2764:Hylaeochelys
2762:
2755:
2748:
2726:
2721:Palaeomedusa
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2590:
2586:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2468:Jeholochelys
2466:
2459:
2452:
2447:Galvechelone
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2419:Aurorachelys
2417:
2410:
2405:Appalachemys
2403:
2396:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2349:Tienfuchelys
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2321:Phunoichelys
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2286:Camerochelys
2284:
2279:Brodiechelys
2277:
2270:
2243:
2236:
2231:Stygiochelys
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2091:Arvinachelys
2089:
2082:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
1990:
1982:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1861:Helochelydra
1859:
1854:Aragochersis
1852:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1762:Gaffneylania
1760:
1753:Meiolaniidae
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1580:Eileanchelys
1578:
1570:Condorchelys
1568:
1560:Chinlechelys
1559:
1558:
1528:
1520:Odontochelys
1518:
1509:Eunotosaurus
1507:
1497:
1458:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1235:
1231:
1201:10.26879/886
1191:
1187:
1182:Chinlechelys
1181:
1145:
1141:
1101:
1097:Eunotosaurus
1095:
1093:
1051:
1050:
1036:Odontochelys
1034:
1033:
1012:Chinlechelys
1011:
1010:
1009:
983:
982:
950:
949:
933:
932:
914:Odontochelys
913:
910:Chinlechelys
909:
899:
895:
893:
887:
886:
882:
878:
874:Odontochelys
872:
868:
866:
793:
778:
755:
754:
731:
730:
707:
706:
683:
682:
666:
665:
643:
642:
641:
625:
624:
600:
596:
593:Chinlechelys
592:
580:
577:Chinlechelys
576:
575:
527:
513:Chinlechelys
512:
511:
501:
498:Chinlechelys
497:
491:
487:Chinlechelys
486:
483:Chinlechelys
482:
478:Chinlechelys
477:
476:
462:
458:
454:
451:Chinle Group
446:, after the
443:
431:
424:
423:
402:hypoplastron
371:Chinlechelys
370:
369:
357:
353:
341:
333:
332:
293:
251:Chinlechelys
250:
249:
248:
239:
232:
231:
225:Type species
212:
204:Chinlechelys
203:
202:
183:
170:
25:Chinlechelys
24:
18:
3066:Testudinata
2828:Leyvachelys
2805:Sandownidae
2757:Globochelus
2700:Eurysternum
2656:Thalassemys
2635:Neusticemys
2433:Dracochelys
2384:Sinemydidae
2370:Yanduchelys
2342:Siamochelys
2335:Shartegemys
2307:Kalasinemys
2300:Jastmelchyi
2203:Plesiobaena
2189:Palatobaena
2182:Neurankylus
2147:Gamerabaena
2126:Denazinemys
2084:Arundelemys
1934:Peltochelys
1905:Berruchelus
1875:Naomichelys
1543:Testudinata
1530:Pappochelys
1103:Pappochelys
998:Testudinata
952:Bradysaurus
935:Scutosaurus
906:parareptile
613:Testudinata
585:Testudinata
473:Description
412:, isolated
400:, the left
350:terrestrial
311:age of the
305:Testudinata
190:Testudinata
3050:Categories
2920:Ankylopoda
2913:See also:
2869:Testudines
2858:Testudines
2794:Tropidemys
2728:Parachelys
2714:Idiochelys
2707:Hydropelta
2693:Chelonides
2552:Xiaochelys
2517:Osteopygis
2496:Macrobaena
2489:Liaochelys
2482:Kirgizemys
2475:Judithemys
2412:Asiachelys
2398:Anatolemys
2356:Undjulemys
2314:Larachelus
2217:Saxochelys
2210:Protobaena
2119:Chisternon
2112:Cedrobaena
2041:Riodevemys
2013:Dinochelys
1941:Riodevemys
1868:Helochelys
1790:Warkalania
1714:Chubutemys
1687:Waluchelys
1650:Spoochelys
1600:Indochelys
1443:see below↓
1422:Sauropsida
1407:Sauropsida
1364:Sauropsida
1118:References
414:osteoderms
390:New Mexico
2980:Q16826606
2842:Solnhofia
2835:Sandownia
2686:Achelonia
2621:Euryaspis
2566:Yumenemys
2510:Ordosemys
2461:Hoyasemys
2238:Thescelus
2224:Scabremys
2175:Lakotemys
2161:Goleremys
2049:Selenemys
1949:Selenemys
1919:Compsemys
1769:Meiolania
1721:Otwayemys
1350:Kingdom:
1252:1471-2954
1108:Synapsida
589:cladogram
562:vertebrae
524:primitive
420:Etymology
408:, a neck
327:and only
140:Kingdom:
134:Eukaryota
2974:Wikidata
2940:Category
2642:Owadowia
2196:Peckemys
2075:Baenidae
2027:Glyptops
1957:Tongemys
1783:Niolamia
1776:Ninjemys
1373:Diapsida
1358:Chordata
1356:Phylum:
1352:Animalia
1278:18842543
1260:30244885
1162:54982901
985:Anthodon
901:Anthodon
542:armour;
532:plastron
520:amniotes
448:Triassic
398:carapace
375:holotype
296:) is an
292:meaning
164:Reptilia
154:Chordata
150:Phylum:
144:Animalia
130:Domain:
3020:3606466
3007:1471647
2994:4965041
2614:Cyrtura
2593:, 2021)
2559:Yakemys
2531:Sinemys
2440:Gallica
2272:Annemys
2168:Hayemys
2140:Eubaena
2105:Boremys
2057:Toremys
1882:Solemys
1362:Class:
1269:2664348
1100:and/or
551:ventral
517:derived
440:generic
404:, rear
329:species
298:extinct
196:Genus:
160:Class:
105:↓
3033:135440
2591:et al.
2589:Joyce
2545:Wuguia
2524:Oxemys
2064:Uluops
1382:Sauria
1276:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1160:
867:Joyce
566:medial
547:centra
544:dorsal
528:et al.
455:chelys
444:chinle
438:. The
432:et al.
383:Norian
354:et al.
342:et al.
323:. The
309:Norian
242:, 2009
240:et al.
238:Joyce
213:et al.
3002:IRMNG
2607:Aplax
2587:sensu
2133:Edowa
2098:Baena
1387:Clade
1378:Clade
1369:Clade
1256:JSTOR
1158:S2CID
1138:(PDF)
869:et al
467:Latin
463:testa
459:Tener
410:spine
321:shell
301:genus
210:Joyce
184:Clade
171:Clade
2989:GBIF
2867:see
1420:see
1274:PMID
1248:ISSN
904:, a
554:keel
540:tail
538:and
536:neck
522:and
461:and
436:2009
406:ribs
346:2009
325:type
217:2009
44:PreꞒ
1264:PMC
1240:doi
1236:276
1196:doi
1150:doi
583:in
434:in
344:in
3052::
3030::
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