3136:
pinned to the general by the red cannon, cannot move. Black's cannon at e8 is also pinned to its own general; it too is unable to move and restricts the movement of Black's two elephants, making them unable to protect each other. Such a formation in the middlegame often produces deadly threats of smothered mates, while in the endgame, as in the diagram, Red's cannon cannot be chased away, rendering Black's general, advisors, cannon on e8, and horse all permanently immobilized. Even though Black is up a minor piece, Red has a clear win: The game concluded 41.Hg7 (forking the elephant and pinned cannon and creating a mating threat) Eg10 42.Hh9 Ci9 43.Hf8+ Cf9 (if not for the other black cannon, it is instant mate) 44.Hxg6, and Black resigned: Black's only active piece (the cannon on f9) is absolutely helpless to stop Red's horse and soldiers, which will soon invade the palace.
2540:
as the general, with the chariot acting as a screen for the cannon, two horses giving discovered check after another piece unblocks the attack from both, or a cannon using an enemy piece as a platform uncovered by a horse (see below). Double checks delivered by other means are not blockable. In one exceptional case, if a horse moves to give a double check by uncovering a cannon, and the cannon’s platform is an enemy chariot or defensive piece (advisor or elephant), the enemy chariot or defensive piece might be able to capture the horse, which removes the cannon’s platform at the same time. Otherwise, capturing either checking piece is insufficient to remove the threat, unless the general makes the capture.
3593:
2748:, which arises in four combinations. In the first case of a cannon, a chariot or soldier, and a horse, the horse moves to give check, uncovering a double check from the chariot and the cannon. In the second, rarer case of a chariot or soldier and two horses, the chariot moves to give check, uncovering a double check from the two horses. In the third case of two cannons and two horses, one cannon may uncover a double check from the horses and act as a screen for the other cannon. Finally, a chariot or soldier can move to give check, uncovering a check from a horse while acting as a platform for a cannon to give another check.
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1199:
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1635:("soldier") for Red. Each side starts with five soldiers. Soldiers begin the game located on every other point one row back from the edge of the river. They move and capture by advancing one point. Once they have crossed the river, they may also move and capture one point horizontally. Soldiers cannot move backward, and therefore cannot retreat; after advancing to the last rank of the board, however, a soldier may still move sideways at the enemy's edge. The soldier is sometimes called the "pawn" by English-speaking players, due to the pieces' similar movements.
3616:
however this is not to be taken literally, and is in fact often violated in modern
Xiangqi games. Attacking and defending the centre, especially the central soldiers / central pawns, are common themes in the opening, hence the Central Cannon openings. Usually, at least one horse should be moved to the middle in order to defend the central soldier; however undefended central soldiers can also become "poisoned pawns" in the early moves, especially if the attacking side does not have an immediate follow-up to retain the pressure on the central file.
283:
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5209:"Game of the Three Kingdoms" is played on a special hexagonal board with three xiangqi armies (red, blue, and green) vying for dominance. A Y-shaped river divides the board into three gem-shaped territories, each containing the grid found on one side of a xiangqi board, but distorted to make the game playable by three people. Each player has eighteen pieces: the sixteen of regular xiangqi, plus two new ones that stand on the same rank as the cannons. The new pieces have different names depending on their side:
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few attacking pieces on the board, soldiers have more power and can cross the river more easily. In this stage, advanced soldiers are generally less powerful, since soldiers cannot move backward. In basic endgames, three soldiers starting on the 7th rank are approximately equal to a chariot: they can force a win against four defensive pieces or a horse/cannon plus two elephants, while instead a chariot cannot, and a chariot cannot force a win against three soldiers on the 7th rank when well-defended.
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3604:. The notation for this is "1. 炮 (32)–35, 馬 (18)–37", "1. C2.5 H8+7", or "1. Che3 Hg8" (diagram at right). After Black's 1. ...H8+7 (Hg8) response, the game can develop into a variety of openings, the most common being the 屏風馬 (trad.) / 屏风马 (simp.) or "Screen Horses (Defence)" in which Black develops the other horse to further protect their middle pawn (...H2+3 or ...Hc8) either immediately on their second move, or later when Black transposes the game into this opening.
1644:
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horses can pin because they can be blocked, and generals can pin because of the "flying general" move rule. In pins by horses and elephants, the pinning piece never attacks the pinned piece, while in a pin by a cannon, only one of the pieces is directly attacked by the cannon. A general can only pin pieces to the enemy general, and the pinning general can never capture the pinned piece, since that would place it in check from the enemy general.
3906:
has no safe move due to the red soldier on c8, which also, along with the soldier on f9, prevents the black general from attacking the soldier on f9 from the behind. In addition, the black soldier on g6 is undefended and has no safe move, so Red can win it by pushing the soldier on c4 to c6 and moving it laterally to the g-file, after which the position is effectively an endgame of three soldiers against two advisers, an easy win for Red (see
1056:. In more ancient times, many sets were simple unpainted woodcarvings; thus, to distinguish between pieces of the two sides, most corresponding pieces used characters that were similar but varied slightly. This practice may have originated in situations where there was only one material available to make the pieces from and no colouring material available to distinguish the opposing armies. The oldest xiangqi piece found to date is a
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5156:. Four players play as two-person teams in two side-by-side games. One teammate plays Black and other plays Red. Any piece obtained by capturing the opponent's piece is given to the teammate for use in the other game. These pieces can be deployed by the teammate to give him an advantage over the other player, so long as the piece starts on the player's own side of the board and does not cause the opponent to be in check.
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5250:(1661–1722). It is played on a Y-shaped board with a full army of xiangqi pieces set up at the end of each of the board's three wide radii. In the centre of the board sits a triangular zone with certain features, such as ocean, mountain, or city walls, each of which is impassable by certain pieces. Two of an army's five soldiers are replaced by new pieces called
3329:
threat which cannot be parried, forcing Red to check Black on every move. Although it requires 11 moves to mate, its general idea is clear: Induce a smothered check by sacrificing a chariot at the centre of the palace (e9), then force Black to open the centre file, enabling the Red general to assist the attack, and finally mate by facing generals.
949:
piece is captured and removed from the board. A player cannot capture one of their own pieces. Pieces are never promoted (converted into other pieces), although the soldier gains the ability to move sideways after it crosses the river. Almost all pieces capture using their normal moves, while the cannon has a special capture move described below.
3140:
and elephant pairs support each other, and the general is immune from attacks by cannons. Losing any defensive pieces makes the general vulnerable to cannon attack, and the setup may need to be abandoned. The defender may move defensive pieces away from the general, or even sacrifice them intentionally, to ward off attack by a cannon.
1345:
1522:
5167:, one player's pieces are placed randomly on one side of the river, except for the generals and advisors, which must be at their usual positions, and the elephants, which must start at two of the seven points they can normally reach. The other player's pieces are set up to mirror the first's. All other rules are the same.
1357:
3132:(as when the check is blocked, the rook moving laterally discovers a new check from the cannon), often winning at least a piece afterwards. If the defensive side cannot chase the cannon away or capture it, it must move the general forward to avoid these threats, leaving the general vulnerable to attacks.
4073:
occupy one of the files. For instance, Red can only move their two soldiers if he is to move. Moving the f-(or d-)soldier allows the enemy general to occupy the f-file(d-file). Even if 1. fe9+ Gf10 2. d10, when Red threatens mate in 1, Black still mates immediately with either 2. ...fe2# or 2. ...f1#.
5079:
The Asian
Xiangqi Federation also bestows the title of grandmaster to select individuals around the world who have excelled at xiangqi or made special contributions to the game. There are no specific criteria for becoming a grandmaster and there are only approximately 100 grandmasters as of 2020. The
992:
In xiangqi, a player—often with a material or positional disadvantage—may attempt to check or chase pieces in a way such that the moves fall in a cycle, preventing the opponent from winning. While this is accepted in
Western chess, in xiangqi, the following special rules are used to make it harder to
4072:
Reciprocal zugzwang is possible, but very rare and usually seen in endgame compositions. In this endgame shown on the right, whoever moves loses, since when either of the two generals moves to an open d- or f- file, it threatens unstoppable mate, while the player to move only helps the enemy general
3937:
A general rule in xiangqi endgames for the advantageous side is that, when there's less material on the board, do not trade pieces easily, as with fewer attacking pieces on the board, defending is easier (in contrast to
Western chess, where it is almost always advantageous to trade pieces when up on
3905:
Despite the substantial sacrifice of material by Red, Black's chariot has now become useless as it is permanently immobilized by the red elephants and horse; the red general prevents the black soldier on g2 from moving laterally to free the chariot (for example 3...g1 4.Gf2). Black's horse similarly
3319:
Note that if Red plays 4.Re9+? instead, Red cannot force a mate: 4. ...Adxe9 5.Rg9+ Eig10 and Red cannot play Rxe9+ on the next move because the chariot is then not supported by the general, and black can simply play Gxe9. The purpose of using the g-chariot to give check is to place the h-chariot on
3135:
Another fatal formation, called the "cannon-controlled centroid horse" (Chinese: 炮鎮窩心馬, diagram at right), also requires particularly bad coordination of the enemy pieces. In the diagram, Black's "centroid horse" occupies the centre of the palace, blocking Black's own general and advisors, and being
1742:
The values of soldiers vary in different stages of the game. In the opening and the middlegame, the initiative and mobility of pieces often require sacrificing soldiers. In these stages, soldiers closer to the middle file are generally more valuable, since they can effectively join the offence. With
1734:
The chariot is not only the strongest piece, but it is also generally stronger than any combination of two minor pieces. When the relative values of both sides' pieces are approximately even, the side with more chariots generally has the advantage, especially when one side has a chariot and one side
1579:
Each player has two cannons, which start on the row behind the soldiers, two points in front of the horses. Cannons move like chariots, any distance orthogonally without jumping, but can only capture by jumping a single piece of either colour along the path of attack. The piece over which the cannon
1501:). The chariot moves and captures any distance orthogonally, but may not jump over intervening pieces. The chariots begin the game on the points at the corners of the board. The chariot is often considered to be the strongest piece in the game due to its freedom of movement and lack of restrictions.
1242:
There is some controversy about whether "士" really is intended to mean "scholar", "gentleman" which would be "士人", or "guard", "guardian" which would be "衛士" (simplified
Chinese: 卫士). One argument for the latter is that their functionality seems to be to guard/protect the general. The common Western
948:
Each player in turn moves one piece from the point it occupies, to another point. Pieces are generally not permitted to move through points occupied by other pieces, the exception being the cannon’s capturing move. A piece can be moved onto a point occupied by an enemy piece, in which case the enemy
2539:
occurs when two pieces simultaneously threaten the enemy general. Unlike a
Western chess double check, a double check in xiangqi may be blockable or, in one case, possibly met with a capture by a piece other than the general. The only blockable cases are either a chariot and cannon on the same file
1738:
In the earlier stages, the cannon is stronger than the horse, because platforms are plentiful and the horse is often blocked by the multitude of pieces on the board. In the endgame, the horse is stronger as an attacking piece, not needing any platforms, but the cannon generally has better defensive
5099:
Computer programs for playing xiangqi show the same development trend as has occurred for international chess: they are usually console applications (called engines) which communicate their moves in text form through some standard protocol. For displaying the board graphically, they then rely on a
5044:
Although xiangqi has its origin in Asia, there are xiangqi leagues and clubs all over the world. Each
European nation generally has its own governing league; for example, in Britain, xiangqi is regulated by the United Kingdom Chinese Chess Association. Asian countries also have nationwide leagues,
4629:
With the popularization of xiangqi, many different schools of circles and players came into prominence, many books and manuals on the techniques of playing the game were also published, they played an important role in popularizing xiangqi and improving the techniques of play in modern times. With
3328:
Long sequences of checks leading to mate or gain of material are common both in chess compositions and in actual play. A skilled xiangqi player would often have to calculate several steps, or even tens of steps ahead for a forced sequence. In the diagram on the right, Black has an immediate mating
3139:
A common defensive configuration is to leave the general at its starting position, deploy one advisor and one elephant on the two points directly in front of the general, and to leave the other advisor and elephant in their starting positions, to the side of the general. In this setup, the advisor
2956:
Soldiers, horses, cannons and chariots can form up formations that protect each other. However, lining up chariots must be done with caution, as this risks losing one chariot to an enemy's inferior piece. Horses that support each other are called Linked Horses (Chinese: 連環馬), which is a relatively
2353:
when it cannot move without exposing a more important piece to capture. Every piece except soldiers and advisors can pin, but only chariot pins exactly resemble pins in western chess; pins by other pieces in xiangqi take on many unique forms: Cannons can pin two pieces at once on one file or rank,
2033:
Former position is only indicated if necessary to distinguish between two identical pieces that could have made the move. If they share the same file, indicate which rank moves; if they share the same rank, indicate which file moves. If they share neither rank nor file, then the file is indicated.
1135:
If the two generals face each other along the same file with no intervening pieces, the 飛將 ("flying general") move may be executed, in which the general to move crosses the board to capture the enemy general. In practice, this rule means that creating this situation in the first place means moving
4304:
A bare cannon, or a cannon with elephants, cannot win against a bare general due to insufficient material. Cannons without other offensive pieces need defensive pieces to act as platforms, especially the advisor, since the advisor can act as a platform on any of the three central files, while an
3995:
is a crucial theme in winning simple endgames, and almost exclusively in simple endgames. In the general + soldier vs general endgame shown on the right, Red's first main goal is to occupy the middle file. Red wins with 1. Gd1, a waiting move, and Black is in zugzwang. Black must proceed with 1.
3611:
Other common first moves by Red include moving an elephant to the central column (1. Ege3), advancing the soldier on the third or seventh file (1. c5), moving a horse forward (1. Hg3), and moving either cannon to the 4th or 6th (d- or f-) file (1. Chd3 or 1. Chf3). Compared to the
Central Cannon
3607:
Alternative common first moves by Black are developing either cannons (1. ...C8.5/1. ...Che8, or 1. ...C2.5/1. ...Cbe8); note that after either of these moves, taking the central soldier with the cannon (2. C5+4 or 2. Cxe7+) is a beginner's trap that impedes development and coordination of Red's
3127:
For a cannon, one of the most fatal formations is the exposed cannon (Chinese: 空心炮), where the cannon directly controls the middle file with no other pieces between the cannon and the general. This formation is particularly dangerous since the defensive side cannot move any piece in front of the
4551:
For these reasons, Murray theorized that "in China took over the board and name of a game called 象棋 in the sense of 'Astronomical Game', which represented the apparent movements of naked-eye-visible astronomical objects in the night sky, and that the earliest
Chinese references to 象棋 meant the
3783:
In this position, Red is up two soldiers and a cannon but Black threatens seemingly unstoppable mate with ...Rf1#, since 1.Ec5? Ad8! renews the mate threat. Note that the red chariot is nearly useless, having only two legal moves, in stark contrast to the very active black chariot. However, Red
3615:
General advice for the opening includes rapid development of at least one chariot and putting it on open files and ranks, as it is the most powerful piece with a long attack range. There is a saying that only a poor player does not move a chariot in the first three moves (Chinese: 三步不出車，必定要輸棋);
2960:
It is common to use cannons independently to control particular ranks and files. Using a cannon to control the middle file is often considered vital strategy, because it pins pieces such as the advisors and elephants to the general, which in turn restrict their general’s movement. The two files
1723:
These approximate values do not take into account the position of the piece in question (except the soldier in a general sense), the positions of other pieces on the board, or the number of pieces remaining. In what follows, “minor piece” will refer to horses and cannons, and "defensive piece",
3628:
Occupying the centre is relatively less important in xiangqi, but controlling and attacking the middle file is still one of the vital themes. Since the middle file is often well defended, players would then seek to mount an offense on either of the flanks on the enemy side, especially when the
1083:
5269:
Han has three
Chariots, one Cannon, and one General named "Emperor Xian of Han", but these pieces do not move and do not belong to any of the players until a certain point in the game when two players team up against the third player. At that point the third player gets to also control Han.
1021:
Different sets of rules set different limits on what is considered perpetual. For example, club xiangqi rules allow a player to check or chase six consecutive times using one piece, twelve times using two pieces, and eighteen times using three pieces before considering the action perpetual.
920:) provides a visual division between the two sides, only two pieces are affected by its presence: soldiers have an enhanced move after crossing the river, and elephants cannot cross it. The starting points of the soldiers and cannons are usually, but not always, marked with small crosses.
1406:. Some sets use 馬 for both colours. Horses begin the game next to the elephants, on their outside flanks. A horse moves and captures one point orthogonally and then one point diagonally away from its former position, a move which is traditionally described as being like the character 日
5052:
hosts several tournaments every year, including the Yin Li and Ram Cup Tournaments. Other organizations include the Asian Xiangqi Federation and a World Xiangqi Federation, which hosts tournaments and competitions bi-annually, with most limited to players from member nations.
2964:
Since the general is usually safest in its original position before the endgame phase, attacking the general commonly involves forcing the general out of its original position with check or with threats. Thus, specific points and formations are very important in xiangqi.
936:
The pieces start in the position shown in the diagram above. Which player moves first has varied throughout history and from one part of China to another. Different xiangqi books advise either that the black or red side moves first. Some books refer to the two sides as
2736:
Red's horse has moved from e6 to f8 and placed the black general in double check. Since, as in western chess, there are two independent lines of attack, Black cannot respond with any move other than moving the general to f10, whereupon Red wins Black's horse for free.
3996:...Ge8, as 1. ...Ge10 instantly loses after 2. f9#. After 1. ...Ge8 2. f9 Gf8 3. e9 Ge8 4. d9 Gf8 5. Ge1, Red's general successfully occupies the middle file. The game would conclude with 5. ...Gf9 6. e9+, and regardless of Black's reply, 7. Ge2# (stale)mates Black.
2952:
in western chess, soldiers typically do not support each other until the endgame, because from the initial position it takes a minimum of five moves of a soldier to allow mutual protection between two of them, and they are often prone to capture by other pieces.
4556:
is marginal, and arose from constellations being called "figures" in astronomical contexts where other meanings of "figure" were less likely; this usage may have led some ancient Chinese authors to theorize that the game 象棋 started as a simulation of astronomy.
1735:
does not (Chinese: 有車壓無車). However, the chariot is not particularly strong in basic endgames: for example, chariot versus four defensive pieces is generally a draw, while if the offensive side instead has two horses or even three unadvanced soldiers it is a win.
1778:
describes a move notation method in which the ranks of the board are numbered 1 to 10 from closest to farthest away, followed by a digit 1 to 9 for files from right to left. Both values are relative to the moving player. Moves are then indicated as follows:
1989:
In older books written in Chinese the system is the same, except that: the names of the pieces are written in Chinese; the name for the cannon on both sides is 炮; the name for the horse on both sides is 馬; forward motion is indicated with 進 (pronounced
2022:
for Western chess. Letters are used for files and numbers for ranks. File "a" is on Red's left and rank "1" is nearest to Red. A point's designation does not depend on which player moves; for both sides "a1" is the lowest left point from Red's side.
834:
Centred at the first to third and eighth to tenth ranks of the board are two zones, each three points by three points, demarcated by two diagonal lines connecting opposite corners and intersecting at the centre point. Each of these areas is known as
4296:
After 1. Ge3, Black must lose an advisor, since 1...Gd9 is met by 2.Ae2#. Note that after 1. ...Ge10 2. Cxd8, taking the cannon with Axd8 is illegal as the advisor is pinned to its general (the generals may not face each other on the same file).
4401:
The drawing fortress for chariot vs horse + 2 elephants. Other defensive positions, aside from this position's symmetrical variation, generally lose: If, instead, the elephant on g6 had been on g10, then Red to play wins, starting with 1. Rb7.
3608:
pieces if Black plays correctly (for example, 1. Che3 Che8 2. Cxe7+?? Ade9 3. Hg3 Hg8 4. Ce5 Rh10 when Black develops the rook first, and the loss of Black's middle pawn actually enabled Black's horses to occupy the centre on the next moves).
1977:
soldiers (pawns), there is no need to specify the P for pawn. Instead, the soldiers are numbered starting from the frontmost soldier, and this number replaces the usual piece abbreviation. The file number is given immediately after as usual.
2043:
For analysis purposes, bad moves are indicated by "?" and good moves by "!". These can be combined if the analysis is uncertain ("!?" might be either but is probably good; "?!" is probably bad) or repeated for emphasis ("??" is a disaster).
1504:
The chariot is sometimes called the "rook" by English-speaking players, since it moves identically to the rook in Western chess. Chinese players (and others) often call this piece a car, since that is one modern meaning of the character 車.
4594:
in the winter of 204 BC-203 BC to prepare for an upcoming battle. His theories have been questioned by other chess researchers, however. The earliest description of the game's rules appears in the story "Cén Shùn" (岑順) in the collection
4308:
A cannon needs only one advisor to win against two advisors, or a single elephant. Meanwhile, even with all 4 defensive pieces, it is a book draw against two elephants, one advisor + one elephant, one soldier + one advisor, or any minor
4145:
Two unadvanced (i.e., on the 6th or 7th ranks) soldiers win against the following combinations: Two advisors, two elephants, a bare horse/cannon. Generally a draw against one advisor plus one elephant, or a horse/cannon plus a defending
3632:
The significance of pawn formation in xiangqi and chess are different. In xiangqi, soldiers (pawns) are often pushed to avoid blocking their own horses, and it is uncommon for them to defend each other (in contrast with a Western chess
3647:
Like in chess, xiangqi piece values depend highly on the position on the board. The following study from Volume 42 of the Elegant Pastime Manual, dating from the Ming Dynasty, illustrates this dramatically. It is Red to play and win.
4415:
Chariot vs one minor piece plus 2 defensive pieces: A win if the 2 defensive pieces are not the same, or if the combination is horse + two advisors. If the defensive side has horse + two elephants, a specific fortress is required to
3594:
4436:
Chariot + soldier vs 2 unadvanced soldiers + 4 defensive pieces: If the offensive side has no defensive piece, it is a draw since the 2 enemy soldiers can still be a formidable force. If the offensive side has one advisor, it is a
5989:, who had known the phrase as a young man but had forgotten it, and then Lü-Ts'ai. The latter, after a night's consideration, explained the point, and recovered the method of play of the astronomical game and the actual position."
1584:("cannon platform" or "screen"). Any number of unoccupied spaces, including none, may exist between the cannon, screen, and the piece to be captured. Cannons can be exchanged for horses immediately from their starting positions.
3784:
averts the checkmate by sacrificing both the cannon and chariot: 1.Ca10+!! Hxa10 2.Ea3! Rxa1 (or the chariot is lost, since the general protects the elephant on e3, which in turn guards g1, and the red horse guards e2) 3.Eec1:
2883:
Red's chariot (俥) has moved from f9 to e9, giving check and exposing a triple check from the cannon (炮) at e7 and both horses (傌) at f8 and g9. Replacing the chariot with a cannon or removing a horse produces a triple check.
4216:
A horse plus an unadvanced soldier wins against both combinations of 3 defensive pieces, or any combination of a minor piece plus a defensive piece except horse + elephant. This combination draws against all 4 defensive
1279:("minister") for Red. They are located next to the advisors. These pieces move and capture exactly two points diagonally and may not jump over intervening pieces; the move is described as being like the character 田
4141:
A soldier, as long as it does not reach the opposite rank, wins against a bare general easily. With any extra defensive piece on the defensive side, it is a draw; however, soldier vs advisor requires skill to play
284:
5112:/XBoard (WB) protocol (the latter two named after the GUIs that implemented them). There now exist many dozens of xiangqi engines supporting one or more of these protocols, including some commercial engines.
3128:
cannon; while with an extra cannon joining the attack, mate can follow on the spot, and with an extra rook, the offensive side can mount a double check (with the rook in front of the cannon) followed by a
5104:(GUI). Through such standardization, many different engines can be used through the same GUI, which can also be used for automated play of different engines against each other. Popular protocols are UCI (
1296:, and serve as defensive pieces. Because an elephant's movement is restricted to just seven board positions, it can be easily trapped or threatened. The two elephants are often used to defend each other.
5221:("wind") for Green. They move two spaces orthogonally, then one space diagonally. The generals each bear the name of a historical Chinese kingdom—Shu for Red, Wei for Blue, and Wu for Green—from China's
4328:
Horse + Cannon + 4 defensive pieces vs a minor piece vs 4 defensive pieces: A win if the minor piece is a horse (the attacking side does not need all 4 defensive pieces to win), a draw if it is a cannon.
4149:
Three unadvanced soldiers win against the following combinations: All 4 defensive pieces (2 advisors plus 2 elephants, Chinese: 士象全), a horse plus two advisors/two elephants, a cannon plus two elephants.
4312:
A cannon with all 4 defensive pieces needs at least an extra soldier to win against 4 defensive pieces. A bare cannon with a soldier on the 6th rank wins against any combination of 2 defensive pieces.
1410:. The horse does not jump as the knight does in Western chess, and can be blocked by a piece of either colour located one point horizontally or vertically adjacent to it. Blocking a horse is called "
898:
1151:; China's rulers objected to their royal titles being given to game pieces. Despite this, the general is sometimes called the "king" by English-speaking players, due to their similar functions as
875:
4459:
A chariot plus a cannon cannot win against a bare chariot, as long as the defending chariot occupies the middle file. However, with any extra defensive piece on the attacking side, it is a win.
3643:
Sacrifices are common in xiangqi, however they are more often tactical rather than positional. Usually, at most a minor piece is sacrificed for positional advantages, or a semi-tactical attack.
3583:
Since the left and right flanks of the starting setup are symmetrical, it is customary to make the first move on the right flank. Starting on the left flank is considered needlessly confusing.
1315:
1115:
1101:
971:
5092:
of xiangqi is approximately 10; in 2004 it was projected that a human top player would be defeated before 2010. Xiangqi is one of the more popular computer-versus-computer competitions at the
2957:
safe formation of the horses, though it can still be threatened with a soldier, a chariot plus another minor piece, or a piece blocking one of the horses thus making the protection one-sided.
960:
The game ends when one player checkmates the other's general. When the general is in danger of being captured by the enemy player on their next move, the enemy player has "delivered a check" (
1625:
844:
4334:
If both sides have 2 minor pieces and 4 defensive pieces, and the advantegeous side only has one extra soldier, then regardless of the combination of the two minor pieces, it is a book draw.
1536:
1218:
1200:
1611:
1487:
1465:
1451:
1380:
1323:) and both have alternative meanings as "appearance" or "image". However, in English, both are referred to as elephants, and less commonly as "bishops", due to their similar movements.
1942:
In case there are two identical pieces in one file, symbols + (front) and – (rear) are used instead of former file number. Direction of movement is indicated via an operator symbol. A
4571:
To support his argument, Murray quoted an old Chinese source that says that in the older xiangqi (which modern xiangqi may have taken some of its rules from) the game pieces could be
2606:
Red's horse has moved to d7, creating a double check against Black's general, but Black can answer by moving the cannon to d8, blocking the horse and removing the cannon's platform
1037:
identifying the piece type, and in a colour indicating which player has ownership. The black pieces are marked with somewhat different characters from the corresponding red pieces.
4315:
A cannon + 4 defensive pieces + 2 unadvanced soldiers generally draw against one minor piece + 4 defensive pieces. But if the defensive side lacks a single piece, it is a book win.
2968:
For an attacking (Red) horse, the most fatal points are c9 and g9 (Chinese: 臥槽馬), especially since without proper defence a quick mate can follow with an extra chariot or cannon.
2752:
is also possible, arising with two horses, a chariot, and a cannon. Triple and quadruple check cannot be blocked or met by captures (again, unless the general makes the capture).
1417:
Since horses can be blocked, it is possible for one player's horse to have an asymmetric attack advantage if an opponent's horse is blocked, as seen in the diagram on the right.
748:, which restrict the movement of some pieces but enhance that of others; and the placement of the pieces on the intersections of the board lines, rather than within the squares.
5258:("flag") pieces are positioned on the front corners of the palace; they move two spaces forward inside their own camp, and then one space in any direction inside an enemy camp.
4575:, which does not happen in the modern chess-style xiangqi. Murray also wrote that in ancient China there was more than one game called xiangqi. Murray also even supposed that
4206:(1...Gd9 loses to the fork 2.Hb8+ while after 1...Ea8, 2.Hb8 puts Black in zugzwang again and the elephant is lost on the following move). Black to play draws with 1. ...Ee8.
3590:
or "Central Cannon". The most common reply is to advance the horse on the same flank. Together, this move-and-response is known by the rhyme 當頭炮，馬來跳 (trad.) / 当头炮，马来跳 (simp.)
2517:
Red's chariot (俥) at e5 is skewering black's general (將) at e8 and chariot (車) at e10. When the general moves sideways to avoid being captured, its chariot could be captured.
981:), and the general is "in check". A check should be announced. If the general's player can make no move to prevent the general's capture, the situation is called "checkmate" (
1958:
is used to indicate horizontal or lateral movement. For a piece that moves diagonally (such as the horse or elephant), the plus or minus sign is used rather than the period.
736:
The game represents a battle between two armies, with the primary object being to checkmate the enemy's general (king). Distinctive features of xiangqi include the cannon (
3938:
material). Hence, if a certain type of endgame can transpose, by trading pieces, into another type of endgame which is a book win, then this endgame itself is a book win.
4451:
Chariot + horse vs chariot + two elephants: With enough defensive pieces for the attacking side, it is generally a win if the move limit is not taken into consideration.
4430:
Chariot + soldier, with sufficient defensive pieces on their own side, wins against a chariot plus an advisor, a chariot plus two elephants, or a chariot plus a soldier.
5277:"Four Kingdoms Chess" is also played on a riverless, cross-shaped board, but with four players. Because there are no rivers, elephants may move about the board freely.
4552:
Astronomical Game and not Chinese chess". Previous games called xiàngqí may have been based on the movements of sky objects. However, the connection between 象 and
4433:
Chariot + soldier wins against any 2 minor pieces + 2 advisors. This combination also wins against horse + 4 defensive pieces, but not cannon + 4 defensive pieces.
4220:
A horse plus an advanced soldier(on the 8th or 9th rank) draws against either combination of 3 defensive pieces, but defending requires precise positions.
3918:
Though xiangqi endgames require remarkable skill to be played well, there are a number of widely known book wins and book draws. Without a counterpart to
2320:
Because of the size of the board and the low number of long-range pieces, there is a tendency for the battle to focus on a particular area of the board.
5265:"Three Men Chess" is a riverless, commercial variant played on a cross-shaped board with some special rules, including a fourth, neutral country called
4226:
A horse plus two soldiers can win against one minor piece + one advisor + two elephants. With an extra advisor on the defensive side, it is a book draw.
4544:象 means "elephant" and "figure"; it originated as a stylized drawing of an elephant, and was used to write a word meaning "figure", likely because the
5180:
than in mainland China. It uses the xiangqi pieces and board, but does not follow any of its rules, bearing more of a resemblance to the Western game
1033:
Each player controls an army of 16 pieces; the armies are usually coloured red and black. Pieces are flat circular disks labelled or engraved with a
2657:
Red's horse has moved from e4 to d6, unveiling a double check with the cannon, but Black can reply by simply capturing the horse with the chariot.
1008:
any one unprotected piece with one or more pieces, excluding generals and soldiers, will be ruled to have lost unless he or she stops such chasing.
5958:
1752:
There are several types of notation used to record xiangqi games. In each case the moves are numbered and written with the same general pattern.
1283:("field"), in reference to the board's squares. Blocking an elephant with a diagonally adjacent piece is known as "blocking the elephant's eye" (
4440:
Chariot + 2 soldiers cannot force a win against chariot + 4 defensive pieces. In this endgame, both attacking and defending require great skill.
4223:
A horse plus a soldier on the 10th rank wins against two advisors, or one advisor plus one elephant. This combination draws against 2 elephants.
1350:
The red horse may capture the black horse, but the black horse cannot capture the red horse because its movement is obstructed by another piece.
4597:
2363:
when it is attacked and, by moving, exposes a less important piece to be captured. In contrast to pins, only cannons and chariots can skewer.
5986:
725:. Besides China and areas with significant ethnic Chinese communities, this game is also a popular pastime in Vietnam, where it is known as
1025:
The above rules to prevent perpetual checking and chasing, while popular, are not the only ones; there are numerous end game situations.
1017:
When both sides violate the same rule at the same time and both persist in not making an alternate move, the game can be ruled as a draw.
4331:
With the same combination of the two minor pieces and all 4 defensive pieces on both sides, one needs two extra soldiers for a book win.
945:; which direction corresponds to which colour also varies from source to source. Generally, Red moves first in most modern tournaments.
5518:
4229:
Two horses win against all 4 defensive pieces, or any combination of a minor piece plus 2 defensive pieces except cannon + 2 elephants.
3637:). Successfully getting a soldier to cross a river as an attacking force can often tilt the scales of the middlegame by a large margin.
2818:
Red's horse (傌) has moved from e5 to d7, giving check and exposing a double check from the chariot (俥) at e3 and the cannon (炮) at e2.
2040:
Check is indicated by "+", double check by "++", triple check by "+++", and quadruple check by "++++". Checkmate is indicated by "#".
1572:
radical of 炮 means "fire". Both colours' pieces are normally referred to as cannons in English. The black piece is sometimes labelled
956:
An instance of checkmate that assumes the cannon is safe and Black cannot block the check. The horse is not needed for this checkmate.
6669:
6341:
5141:. Red horses, cannons, and one of the chariots are absent, but the remaining chariot can be played as horses and cannons as well.
1235:
and may not leave the palace, which confines them to five points on the board. The advisor is probably derived from the mantri in
7333:
5538:
5533:
4636:
2530:
occurs when an attacking piece moves so that it unblocks a line for a chariot, cannon, and/or horse to check the enemy general.
740:), which must jump to capture; a rule prohibiting the generals from facing each other directly; areas on the board called the
4514:'s interests. However, the rules of that game are not described, and it was not necessarily related to the present-day game.
1011:
If one side perpetually checks and the other side perpetually chases, the checking side has to stop or be ruled to have lost.
2942:
Red's chariot (俥) has moved from f9 to e9, discovering two checks from both horses (傌) at f8 and g9 and gives check itself.
1128:
The general starts the game at the midpoint of the back edge, within the palace. The general may move and capture one point
7725:
7106:
4412:
A single chariot generally cannot win against 4 defensive pieces, but with 3 or fewer defensive pieces, it is a forced win.
2961:
adjacent to the middle file are also considered important and horses and chariots can be used to push for checkmate there.
1724:
unless otherwise specified, will refer to the non-royal pieces that cannot cross the river, namely advisors and elephants.
4476:
Two chariots vs chariot + minor piece + 2 defensive pieces: The only drawing combination is chariot + cannon + 2 advisors.
5985:
or "horse" is used for the pieces in a game. The phrase probably meant "the crown-prince shuffles the men". He consulted
5936:
2303:
Black is mated and therefore loses. Red's doubled cannons cannot be blocked, and the general cannot move off the e-file.
5640:
5575:
1014:
When neither side violates the rules and both persist in not making an alternate move, the game can be ruled as a draw.
6591:
6576:
6561:
6546:
6531:
6497:
6476:
6449:
6039:
5855:
5068:
of chess. According to the XiangQi DataBase, the top-ranking female and male players in China, as of June 2012, were
5064:
The Asian Xiangqi Federation (AXF) and its corresponding member associations rank players in a format similar to the
1483:. Some traditional sets use 車 for both colours. In the context of xiangqi, all of these characters are pronounced as
993:
draw the game by endless checking or chasing, regardless of whether the positions of the pieces are repeated or not:
5909:
5816:
4202:
Red to play wins with 1. Hd7, preventing the elephant from getting to the opposite flank, and thus placing Black in
3121:
Due to the pin of two pieces by the red cannon, Black's centroid horse has become a liability rather than an asset.
7740:
7720:
6214:
5878:
5072:
and Jiang Chuan, with ratings of 2529 and 2667, respectively. Other strong players include Zhao GuanFang (female),
3586:
The most common opening is to move the cannon to the central column, an opening known as 當頭炮 (trad.) / 当头炮 (simp.)
2334:
Xiangqi involves several tactics common to games in the chess family. Some common ones are briefly discussed here.
4324:
This type of endgame is considered one of the more complex endgames. Commonly known book wins and book draws are:
6965:
5543:
7735:
7211:
7175:
6077:"A story well told is not necessarily true – being a critical assessment of David H. Li's 'Genealogy of Chess'"
5597:
3926:. Since stalemate is a loss for the stalemated player instead of a draw, most book draws in xiangqi are due to
1476:
1395:
1045:
490:
302:
33:
3922:, xiangqi endgames instead focus more directly on forcing checkmate or stalemate, and in this regard resemble
6200:
1480:
1403:
1049:
17:
5683:
1981:
Thus the notation to move the middle of a set of tripled soldiers on the 5th file to the 4th file would be:
6662:
1565:
1362:
Green moves are legal; red ones are illegal because another piece is obstructing the movement of the horse.
6150:
7274:
7155:
6006:
5523:
5049:
4515:
1420:
The horse is sometimes called the "knight" by English-speaking players, due to their similar movements.
7612:
7602:
7100:
7060:
5553:
5281:
5080:
titles of grandmaster is bestowed by bodies such as the AXF and the Chinese Xiangqi Association (CXA).
2019:
705:
for two players. It is the most popular board game in China. Xiangqi is in the same family of games as
4740:
4712:
4545:
4448:
A chariot plus a horse needs one advisor on their own side to win against a chariot plus two advisors.
7607:
7309:
7085:
5774:(541–604) found at an inn some foreigners playing a board game whose pieces included a piece called "
5229:
5105:
4582:
An alternative hypothesis to Murray's is that xiangqi was patterned after the array of troops in the
587:
4754:
4698:
4422:
Chariot vs two minor pieces with no defensive pieces: A draw, but requires good defensive positions.
1932:
and used by several computer software implementations describes moves in relative terms as follows:
7236:
6358:
6229:
5778:" = "white emperor"; in anger at this misuse of his title he had everybody at the inn put to death.
5101:
4901:
4873:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
2055:
For example, the following game is tied with several others as the shortest possible xiangqi game:
1970:
1211:
1052:). Modern pieces are usually plastic, though some sets are wooden, and more expensive sets may use
1005:
7246:
4733:
4719:
7730:
7693:
7533:
7361:
7304:
7165:
6820:
6655:
6641:
6379:
6316:
6169:
6134:
5962:
5225:
period. It is likely that San Guo Qi first appeared under the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279).
4915:
4859:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4768:
4761:
4726:
6374:
5707:
4747:
4705:
4488:
1251:
1228:("scholar", "official", "guardian") for Red. Rarely, sets use the character 士 for both colours.
1001:
with one piece or several pieces can be ruled to have lost unless he or she stops such checking.
7150:
6682:
5847:
5835:
4894:
4880:
4852:
4845:
3923:
2030:
Pieces are abbreviated as in notation system 2, except that no letter is used for the soldier.
913:
79:
4887:
4479:
Two chariots vs 2 minor pieces + 4 defensive pieces: A win if the 2 minor pieces are 2 horses.
1592:
1428:
1163:
1074:
7452:
7180:
7095:
7075:
5308:
block. For legibility, the red pieces are filled white, while black pieces are filled black.
4908:
4866:
4613:
4583:
4565:
4526:
4501:
3931:
1184:
60:
7145:
6186:
3640:
In high-level play, the initiative is highly important, and a minor mistake can doom a game.
1513:
7670:
7065:
6714:
6704:
5164:
4511:
564:
7279:
6312:"rec.games.chinese-chess FAQ – 22 Who are some of the strongest players around the world?"
1331:
8:
7587:
6935:
6795:
6076:
1870:
1063:
404:
6338:
7686:
7411:
7251:
7221:
7032:
6915:
6730:
6709:
6488:
6438:
6370:
6311:
6307:
6130:
6126:
5953:
5771:
5762:
5152:, this variant features the ability to re-deploy captured pieces, similar to a rule in
1915:
1885:
1855:
1825:
1300:
1034:
338:
330:
5304:
version 11.0 in June 2018. They are assigned to the codepoints U+1FA60–U+1FA6D in the
357:
7680:
7654:
7386:
7170:
7001:
6991:
6960:
6955:
6587:
6572:
6557:
6542:
6527:
6493:
6472:
6445:
6131:"rec.games.chinese-chess FAQ – 21 What are some of the top tournaments in the world?"
6045:
6035:
5851:
5843:
5797:
5636:
5235:
5093:
5065:
4541:
1840:
381:
277:
269:
2018:
This system is unofficial and principally used by Western players. It is similar to
7715:
7314:
7216:
7206:
7027:
6905:
6825:
6804:
6735:
6028:
6002:
4623:
4473:
Two chariots vs chariot + 4 defensive pieces: A draw with good defensive positions.
3927:
3267:
1. ...Eig10 gets mated faster: 2.Rgxg10+ Af10 (Exg10 3.Rxg10#) 3.Rxf10+ Ge9 4.Rh9#.
3129:
2526:
1900:
1414:
the horse's leg" (蹩馬腿). The diagram on the right illustrates the horse's movement.
1308:
814:
792:
673:
646:
218:
187:
1231:
The advisors start on either side of the general. They move and capture one point
7617:
7512:
7406:
7341:
6981:
6875:
6860:
6815:
6776:
6751:
6636:
6483:
6345:
6173:
6154:
6023:
5940:
5882:
5601:
5579:
5286:"Game of the Seven Kingdoms" is based symbolically on the Warring States Period.
5089:
4560:
2037:
Capture is indicated by "x". No symbol is used to indicate a non-capturing move.
2002:); and numbers are written in Chinese either for both players or for just Black.
1411:
998:
5744:
5614:
764:
Xiangqi is played on a board nine lines wide and ten lines long. As in the game
7396:
7376:
7366:
7351:
7346:
7080:
6790:
6761:
6756:
6157:
homepage includes English translations of Asian tournament results, rules, etc.
5243:
5222:
5149:
3919:
2359:
1041:
378:
253:
6621:
5933:
5048:
In addition, there are several international federations and tournaments. The
1344:
7709:
7570:
7497:
7492:
7442:
7140:
6996:
6986:
6930:
6910:
6810:
6784:
6678:
5305:
5295:
1939:
The file numbers are counted from each player's right to each player's left.
1521:
699:
141:
6632:
6408:
6256:
6100:
6049:
5572:
4465:
Chariot + cannon + 4 defensive pieces vs chariot + 4 defensive pieces: Draw.
3624:
Xiangqi strategy shares common themes with chess, but has some differences:
2429:
Red's horse (傌) at d5 forks black's soldier (卒) at c7 and cannon (砲) at e7.
7597:
7507:
7241:
7201:
7160:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6925:
6900:
6870:
6865:
6766:
6626:
6464:. Taipei, Taiwan: Mei Ya, 1978. (out-of-print but can be partly downloaded)
5970:
5548:
5247:
5138:
5128:
5056:
There are Europeanized versions of boards (10 × 9) and figures of xiangqi.
4631:
4606:
2535:
2340:
2329:
1974:
1766:
It is clearer but not required to write each move pair on a separate line.
1148:
928:
722:
632:
418:
347:
225:
4540:象棋 is usually translated as "elephant game" or "figure game", because the
7675:
7477:
7447:
7401:
7381:
7294:
7284:
7269:
7231:
7226:
7055:
6920:
6895:
6885:
6780:
6520:
5657:
5108:), UCCI (Universal Chinese Chess Interface), Qianhong (QH) protocol, and
5073:
4587:
2349:
1955:
1731:
A horse plus a cannon is generally better than two horses or two cannons.
1152:
909:
886:
371:
119:
6647:
6409:"Sanguo Qi (Three Kingdoms Chess) & Sanyou Qi (Three Friends Chess)"
6282:
5875:
5660:[The earliest Chinese chess object was unearthed in Chongoing].
4462:
Chariot + cannon + 2 advisors would win against chariot + two elephants.
1643:
7487:
7319:
7022:
7017:
6890:
6771:
5528:
5204:
4602:
4576:
4520:
3634:
2949:
1947:
1356:
1236:
1129:
857:
Dividing the two opposing sides, between the fifth and sixth ranks, is
718:
702:
84:
74:
7391:
6460:
1573:
1551:
7644:
7565:
7560:
7482:
7416:
7299:
7090:
7070:
7037:
6880:
6800:
5177:
4572:
4553:
4506:
1951:
1943:
1558:
1304:
986:
765:
295:
6034:. Benjamin Press (originally published by Oxford University Press).
5594:
7577:
7545:
7502:
7371:
7185:
6373:; Leary, Steven; Cazaux, Jean-Louis; Ren Dong, Yu (18 March 2009).
6215:"Hartwork Blog · Designer wanted: Western pieces for Chinese chess"
5978:
5185:
5181:
5109:
5069:
4203:
3992:
1547:
1232:
952:
541:
527:
316:
239:
5191:
4213:
A bare horse wins against a bare advisor, but not a bare elephant.
3612:
openings, these openings are generally less restricted by theory.
1082:
783:), the pieces are placed on the intersections, which are known as
5301:
4591:
4524:. It described the rules of an astronomically themed game called
1648:
354:
4350:
4245:
4165:
4088:
4006:
3953:
3790:
3654:
3344:
3298:
A brilliant smothered-check inducing move. If 6. ...Gxe9 7. Rh9#
3150:
2979:
2891:
2825:
2774:
2664:
2613:
2562:
2480:
2436:
2385:
2066:
756:
46:
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6629:
Presentation, rules, history and variants, by Jean-Louis Cazaux
6147:
5134:
4619:
2473:
Black's cannon (砲) at e8 is pinned by red's chariot (俥) at e5.
2047:
Thus, the most common opening in the game would be written as:
2005:
Thus, the most common opening in the game might be written as:
1961:
Thus, the most common opening in the game would be written as:
1787:
Thus, the most common opening in the game would be written as:
989:
is a draw, in xiangqi, it is a loss for the stalemated player.
824:
802:
710:
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445:
6615:
5254:("fire") pieces, which move one space diagonally forward. Two
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1243:
translation "advisor" does not reflect this layer of meaning.
386:
7592:
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7437:
6369:
5239:
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5153:
942:
938:
932:
Xiangqi is a common pastime in Chinese cities (Beijing, 2005)
714:
706:
661:
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513:
459:
362:
116:
Informal games: may vary from twenty minutes to several hours
4579:
from India influenced the formation of present-day xiangqi.
3290:
Again both 5. ...Eig10 and 5. ...Eeg10 lead to faster mates.
1638:
1132:
and may not leave the palace, with the following exception.
866:, the "river". The river is usually marked with the phrases
7289:
5977:("Zhou Wudi's three games in the Xiangjing"); "to wash the
4419:
Chariot vs one minor piece plus 3 defensive pieces: A draw.
4305:
elephant can only act as a platform on the centermost file.
3308:
8.Rxe9+ (the chariot is untouchable with legal moves) Gd10
1561:, though sometimes 炮 is used for both Red and Black. The 石
1053:
809:; "road"), and the horizontal lines are known as
664:
658:
6604:
5700:
652:
335:
321:
307:
6357:
Results of the Computer Olympiad competitions are found
1111:("general") on the black side and 帥 (trad.) / 帅 (simp.)
5234:"Three Friends Chess" was invented by Zheng Jinde from
6610:
6166:
1292:
Elephants may not cross the river to attack the enemy
592:
569:
4590:, for example, argues that the game was developed by
2344:, one piece attacks two or more enemy pieces at once.
274:
258:
244:
230:
5817:"Xiangqi (Chinese Chess) in Wan Bao Quan Shu Part 1"
5766:, p.120, footnote 3 says that Ssŭ-ma Kuang wrote in
5196:
There are many versions of three-player xiangqi, or
495:
32:"Chinese chess" redirects here. For other uses, see
3910:) despite being down a chariot for three soldiers.
649:
6554:Xiangqi Syllabus on Elephant: Chinese Chess 3
6437:
6027:
629:This article includes inline links to audio files.
4630:the economic and cultural development during the
4492:A picture of xiangqi in the Southern Song dynasty
4065:Reciprocal zugzwang: Whoever moves first loses.
3270:1. ...Eeg10 gets mated immediately with 2.Rhxg10#
1479:and 车 for both Black and Red in sets marked with
7707:
6586:. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 2004.
6571:. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 2002.
6556:. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 2000.
6541:. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 1998.
6539:Xiangqi Syllabus on Cannon: Chinese Chess 2
6526:. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 1996.
6471:. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 1998.
6022:
5076:(male), Lu Qin (male), and Wang LinNa (female).
5045:such as the Malaysia Chinese Chess Association.
4650:
727:
423:
409:
6584:Xiangqi Syllabus on Horse: Chinese Chess 5
6524:First Syllabus on Xiangqi: Chinese Chess 1
6305:
6124:
5630:
5192:Variations played with special boards or pieces
5124:Each player only has around 5–10 minutes each.
4634:, xiangqi entered a new stage. A Western-style
3941:
6569:Xiangqi Syllabus on Pawn: Chinese Chess 4
6492:(Reissued ed.). Oxford University Press.
6403:
6401:
6399:
6397:
2553:Double check that compels the general to move
769:
546:
532:
518:
6663:
6001:, p.122: The 32nd book of the history of the
4531:
1284:
1267:
1057:
890:
867:
858:
836:
818:
796:
778:
192:
6622:An Introduction to Xiangqi for Chess Players
3907:
1580:jumps is called the 炮臺 (trad.) / 炮台 (simp.)
464:
450:
6394:
6074:
5981:" means to shuffle them in modern Chinese;
5957:, p.122, footnote 12: "In the biography of
1402:for both Black and Red in sets marked with
631:If you have trouble playing the files, see
6670:
6656:
6618:Rules, openings, strategy, ancient manuals
5792:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5519:List of world championships in mind sports
5039:
4076:
1136:into check, and is therefore not allowed.
6677:
6201:"Xiangqi (Chinese chess) – Carolus Chess"
5965:(627–650) was puzzled by the phrase 太子洗馬
5943:. Banaschak.net. Retrieved on 2011-10-01.
4504:; according to the first-century-BC text
1998:); sideways motion is indicated with 平 (
1994:); backward motion is indicated with 退 (
1950:is used to indicate backward movement. A
1928:A notation system partially described in
1647:Xiangqi is a popular weekend activity in
1639:Approximate relative values of the pieces
6093:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5727:
4612:Xiangqi is the same as it is today from
4559:
4487:
4319:
4133:Red to play wins; Black to play draws.
1946:is used to indicate forward movement. A
1642:
1520:
1081:
951:
927:
755:
6413:Another view on Chess: Odyssey of Chess
6230:"2012 First half(Female) Player Rating"
5781:
14:
7708:
6482:
5934:"Facts on the Origin of Chinese Chess"
5655:
5539:Xiangqi at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games
5534:Xiangqi at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games
4689:
4637:Encyclopedia of Chinese Chess Openings
3619:
3577:The most common opening pair of moves
1621:("pawn" or "private") for Black and 兵
337:
276:
6651:
6363:
6261:01xq.com – Events Game Player Opening
6257:"2012 First half(Male) Player Rating"
6254:
6227:
5724:
5626:
5624:
5590:
5588:
5176:This variation is more well known in
5148:Similar to the Western chess variant
3320:the h9 point, blocking Black's Eig10.
1497:(instead of the common pronunciation
1097:) are labelled 將 (trad.) / 将 (simp.)
7107:5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel
6234:01xq.com – Event Game Player Opening
5910:"The Value of the Pieces in Xiangqi"
5907:
5681:
3984:Red wins with either side to move.
2058:
6435:
6176:. Wxf.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-01.
5973:washes the horses") in the 周武帝三局象經
5833:
5798:"How to Play Chinese Chess Xiangqi"
4338:
1525:The long-range threat of the cannon
1239:, like the queen in Western chess.
1062:(chariot) piece. It is kept in the
24:
6514:
5621:
5585:
4546:two words were pronounced the same
4233:
3629:defense of one flank is neglected.
1975:tripled, quadrupled, or quintupled
1727:Other common rules of assessment:
1666:Soldier before crossing the river
1591:
1557:("cannon") for Red. The names are
1512:
1427:
1330:
1303:for "minister" and "elephant" are
1250:
1162:
1073:
787:. The vertical lines are known as
25:
7752:
6598:
6009:wrote and expounded a book named
5874:. Taipei, Taiwan: Mei Ya, 1978. (
5242:province during the reign of the
4564:Xiangqi game pieces dated to the
4426:Chariot + soldiers (unadvanced):
4153:
2765:Triple check, alternate position
1674:Soldier after crossing the river
6013:(Manual of the three xiangqi's).
5635:. Curriculum Press. p. 74.
5200:, all played on special boards.
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
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4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
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4753:
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4725:
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4364:
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3199:
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3149:
3112:
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3007:
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2773:
2727:
2720:
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2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2597:
2590:
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2508:
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2494:
2487:
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2420:
2413:
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2399:
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2384:
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2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
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2065:
1914:
1899:
1884:
1869:
1854:
1839:
1824:
1355:
1343:
645:
621:
51:Xiangqi board and starting setup
45:
6351:
6331:
6299:
6275:
6248:
6221:
6207:
6193:
6179:
6160:
6141:
6118:
6068:
6056:
6016:
5992:
5946:
5927:
5901:
5888:
5864:
5836:"Values and Uses of the Pieces"
5827:
5814:
5808:
5544:Xiangqi at the 2010 Asian Games
5034:Initial arrangement of figures
4500:was mentioned as dating to the
2948:In contrast to the ubiquity of
1759:(second move) (second response)
1214:", "guardian") for Black and 仕
733:, literally 'General's chess'.
387:
363:
336:
322:
308:
6616:Learn Chinese Chess in English
5908:Ping, Jim (January 22, 2021).
5755:
5675:
5649:
5607:
5566:
4643:
4532:
4518:wrote a book in AD 569 called
1568:of 砲 means "stone", and the 火
1477:Traditional Chinese characters
1396:Traditional Chinese characters
1285:
1268:
1143:for this piece was changed to
1058:
1046:traditional Chinese characters
982:
965:
961:
891:
868:
859:
837:
779:
686:
593:
570:
496:
424:
275:
259:
245:
231:
193:
34:Chinese chess (disambiguation)
13:
1:
6429:
6062:This theory is propounded in
5300:Xiangqi pieces were added to
5289:
5115:
1756:(first move) (first response)
1481:Simplified Chinese characters
1404:Simplified Chinese characters
1275:("elephant") for Black and 相
1125:("marshal") on the red side.
1050:simplified Chinese characters
985:). Unlike in chess, in which
29:Chess variant native to China
6375:"Game of the Three Kingdoms"
6337:Yen, Chen, Yang, Hsu, 2004,
5184:as well as the Chinese game
5083:
3942:Zugzwang in xiangqi endgames
2550:Double check met by capture
1475:for Red in sets marked with
1394:for Red in sets marked with
1293:
7:
7726:Games related to chaturanga
7275:Chess on a really big board
7156:Chess with different armies
6698:Different starting position
6633:Xiangqi (象棋): Chinese Chess
5615:"Asian Chinese Chess Rules"
5511:
5059:
5050:Chinese Xiangqi Association
4516:Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou
3332:
2315:
2013:
1799:
1769:
1747:
1246:
10:
7757:
7613:Game of the Seven Kingdoms
7603:Game of the Three Kingdoms
6724:Different number of pieces
5881:February 26, 2005, at the
5554:World Xiangqi Championship
5293:
4605:in the middle part of the
4483:
3930:, with a few draws due to
3913:
2327:
2323:
1587:
1423:
1210:("scholar", "gentleman", "
1158:
1069:
31:
7663:
7632:
7608:Game of the Three Friends
7521:
7470:
7461:
7425:
7332:
7260:
7194:
7133:
7120:
7046:
7010:
6974:
6851:
6838:
6744:
6723:
6697:
6690:
6508:A Manual of Chinese Chess
6283:"XiangQi Master Database"
6187:"A Western Xiangqi Board"
5975:Zhou Wudi sanju xiangjing
5896:A Manual of Chinese Chess
5106:Universal Chess Interface
4626:originates from Xiangqi.
4408:Single chariot endgames:
3597:dāng tóu pào, mǎ lái tiào
1930:A Manual of Chinese Chess
1922:
1508:
1028:
916:. Although the river (or
908:, meaning "Border of the
819:
797:
770:
677:
613:
586:
563:
558:
554:
547:
540:
533:
526:
519:
512:
507:
489:
484:
480:
472:
465:
458:
451:
444:
439:
431:
417:
403:
398:
377:
370:
353:
346:
329:
315:
301:
294:
268:
252:
238:
224:
217:
212:
208:
200:
186:
181:
177:
172:
148:
137:
129:
109:
101:
93:
67:
56:
44:
7305:Dekle's triangular chess
7237:Maharajah and the Sepoys
6167:World Xiangqi Federation
6148:Asian Xiangqi Federation
5708:
5656:《中国之最》 (11 March 2012).
5631:Heinrich, Sally (2007).
5560:
5524:National Peasants' Games
5102:graphical user interface
1971:World Xiangqi Federation
1326:
923:
885:, meaning "River of the
751:
7741:Traditional board games
7721:Abstract strategy games
7694:The Chess Variant Pages
7212:Capablanca random chess
6821:Three-dimensional chess
6642:The Chess Variant Pages
6380:The Chess Variant Pages
6317:The Chess Variant Pages
6135:The Chess Variant Pages
5217:("flag") for Blue, and
5040:Tournaments and leagues
4648:European xiangqi board
4510:(說苑/说苑), it was one of
4077:Soldier (pawn) endgames
3924:pawnless chess endgames
2744:Unique to xiangqi is a
2547:Blockable double check
6627:Xiangqi, Chinese Chess
6506:Wilkes, Charles Fred.
6469:The Genealogy of Chess
6344:June 14, 2007, at the
6339:Computer Chinese Chess
6064:The Genealogy of Chess
5894:Wilkes, Charles Fred.
5573:Xiangqi: Chinese Chess
5449:XIANGQI BLACK ELEPHANT
5435:XIANGQI BLACK MANDARIN
4640:was written in 2004.
4568:
4493:
1973:(WXF), in the case of
1652:
1597:
1526:
1518:
1433:
1336:
1256:
1168:
1087:
1079:
1044:, most sets still use
957:
933:
912:", a reference to the
761:
728:
410:
80:Abstract strategy game
7736:Chinese ancient games
7181:Pocket mutation chess
7096:Parallel worlds chess
6639:, ed. Fergus Duniho,
6611:Xiangqi Championships
6607:Play Xiangqi for free
6458:Leventhal, Dennis A.
6444:. Tuttle Publishing.
6310:(20 September 1996).
6129:(20 September 1996).
6101:"中国象棋开局编号——ECCO 2004"
5870:Leventhal, Dennis A.
5505:XIANGQI BLACK SOLDIER
5477:XIANGQI BLACK CHARIOT
5421:XIANGQI BLACK GENERAL
4614:Southern Song dynasty
4584:Warring States period
4566:Northern Song dynasty
4563:
4502:Warring States period
4491:
4320:Horse+Cannon endgames
3932:insufficient material
2974:Liang vs. Zhao, 1982
1646:
1595:
1524:
1516:
1431:
1334:
1254:
1178:and less commonly as
1166:
1085:
1077:
955:
931:
831:; "line").
759:
690:), commonly known as
61:Southern Song dynasty
7671:Correspondence chess
6715:Transcendental chess
6705:Fischer random chess
6005:(618–907) said that
5876:getCITED.org listing
5664:(in Chinese (China))
5582:at chessvariants.com
5491:XIANGQI BLACK CANNON
5351:XIANGQI RED ELEPHANT
5337:XIANGQI RED MANDARIN
5165:Fischer Random Chess
5133:Invented during the
5090:game-tree complexity
4512:Lord Mengchang of Qi
3294:5. ...Af10 6.Re9+!!
3263:Solution: 1.Rh10++
1086:General and advisors
633:Knowledge Media help
491:Revised Romanization
7166:Falcon–hunter chess
7049:an unorthodox board
7047:Unorthodox rules on
6936:Monochromatic chess
6796:Millennium 3D chess
6436:Lau, H. T. (1985).
6255:Staff (June 2012).
6228:Staff (June 2012).
5834:Lau, H. T. (1985).
5682:人民资讯 (2023-01-06).
5595:Chinese Chess Rules
5463:XIANGQI BLACK HORSE
5407:XIANGQI RED SOLDIER
5379:XIANGQI RED CHARIOT
5323:XIANGQI RED GENERAL
3620:Middlegame strategy
2298:Che6# (see diagram)
1147:because of Chinese
1064:Three Gorges Museum
41:
7687:Fairy Chess Review
7412:Three-player chess
7252:Tutti-frutti chess
7134:Standard 8×8 board
7011:Elements of chance
6975:Multimove variants
6916:Knight relay chess
6710:Displacement chess
6489:A History of Chess
6461:The Chess of China
6172:2016-05-11 at the
6153:2005-05-27 at the
6030:A History of Chess
5999:A History of Chess
5954:A History of Chess
5939:2011-07-23 at the
5872:The Chess of China
5772:Emperor Wen of Sui
5763:A History of Chess
5745:"Pieces and Moves"
5684:"最早的中国象棋 万州"车"内发现"
5658:"中国年代最早的象棋实物出土于重庆"
5604:at clubxiangqi.com
5600:2006-08-13 at the
5578:2017-07-16 at the
5393:XIANGQI RED CANNON
5213:("fire") for Red,
5094:Computer Olympiads
4601:(玄怪錄), written by
4569:
4494:
4455:Chariot + cannon:
2020:algebraic notation
1776:The Chess of China
1653:
1598:
1527:
1519:
1434:
1337:
1301:Chinese characters
1257:
1169:
1088:
1080:
1006:perpetually chases
958:
934:
762:
122:: up to 10 minutes
39:
7703:
7702:
7681:Fairy chess piece
7655:Zillions of Games
7628:
7627:
7387:Four-player chess
7328:
7327:
7263:boards and pieces
7171:Grasshopper chess
7116:
7115:
7002:Progressive chess
6992:Marseillais chess
6966:Way of the Knight
6961:Three-check chess
6956:Progressive chess
6834:
6833:
6075:Peter Banaschak.
6011:San-kü-siang-king
5844:Tuttle Publishing
5365:XIANGQI RED HORSE
5066:Elo rating system
5032:
5031:
4542:Chinese character
4444:Chariot + horse:
4406:
4405:
4301:
4300:
4210:
4209:
4138:
4137:
4070:
4069:
3989:
3988:
3581:
3580:
3326:
3325:
3125:
3124:
2946:
2945:
2741:
2740:
2521:
2520:
2312:
2311:
1926:
1925:
1721:
1720:
1607:) are labelled 卒
1550:") for Black and
1447:) are labelled 車
1376:) are labelled 馬
1196:) are labelled 士
1035:Chinese character
964:, abbreviated as
617:
616:
609:
608:
503:
502:
394:
393:
303:Yale Romanization
219:Standard Mandarin
168:
167:
16:(Redirected from
7748:
7468:
7467:
7315:Wildebeest chess
7217:Chancellor chess
7207:Capablanca chess
7131:
7130:
7028:Knightmare Chess
6906:Extinction chess
6849:
6848:
6826:Triangular chess
6805:Los Alamos chess
6745:Unorthodox board
6695:
6694:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6649:
6648:
6503:
6484:Murray, H. J. R.
6455:
6443:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6405:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6371:Bodlaender, Hans
6367:
6361:
6355:
6349:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6308:Bodlaender, Hans
6306:Leary, Stephen;
6303:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6211:
6205:
6204:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6177:
6164:
6158:
6145:
6139:
6138:
6127:Bodlaender, Hans
6125:Leary, Stephen;
6122:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6033:
6024:Murray, H. J. R.
6020:
6014:
5996:
5990:
5950:
5944:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5905:
5899:
5892:
5886:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5812:
5806:
5805:
5794:
5779:
5770:in AD 1084 that
5759:
5753:
5752:
5741:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5628:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5605:
5592:
5583:
5570:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5316:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4651:
4624:Korean Peninsula
4535:
4534:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4353:
4343:
4342:
4339:Chariot endgames
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4238:
4237:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4091:
4081:
4080:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4009:
3999:
3998:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3956:
3946:
3945:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3657:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3347:
3337:
3336:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3153:
3143:
3142:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2971:
2970:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2894:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2762:Quadruple check
2756:
2755:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2544:
2543:
2527:discovered check
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2367:
2366:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2059:
2027:
1936:
1918:
1903:
1888:
1873:
1858:
1843:
1828:
1804:
1803:
1794:
1784:
1655:
1654:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1461:for Black and 俥
1460:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1390:for Black and 傌
1389:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1359:
1347:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1288:
1287:
1271:
1270:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1139:The Indian name
1124:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1061:
1060:
999:perpetual checks
997:A player making
984:
980:
979:
978:
976:
967:
963:
907:
906:
905:
903:
894:
893:
884:
883:
882:
880:
871:
870:
862:
861:
853:
852:
851:
849:
840:
839:
822:
821:
800:
799:
782:
781:
773:
772:
731:
688:
679:
671:
670:
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
625:
624:
605:
604:
582:
581:
556:
555:
550:
549:
536:
535:
522:
521:
499:
498:
482:
481:
468:
467:
454:
453:
427:
426:
413:
390:
389:
366:
365:
342:
341:
340:
325:
324:
311:
310:
290:
289:
288:
287:
286:
279:
264:
263:
262:
248:
247:
234:
233:
210:
209:
196:
195:
170:
169:
49:
42:
38:
21:
7756:
7755:
7751:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7706:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7659:
7624:
7517:
7513:Tamerlane chess
7463:
7457:
7421:
7407:Three-man chess
7324:
7262:
7256:
7195:Compound pieces
7190:
7176:Musketeer chess
7126:
7125:non-traditional
7124:
7122:
7112:
7048:
7042:
7006:
6982:Avalanche chess
6970:
6876:Checkless chess
6861:Andernach chess
6853:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6830:
6816:Spherical chess
6777:Hexagonal chess
6740:
6731:Dunsany's chess
6719:
6686:
6676:
6637:Hans Bodlaender
6601:
6517:
6515:Further reading
6500:
6452:
6432:
6427:
6417:
6415:
6407:
6406:
6395:
6385:
6383:
6368:
6364:
6356:
6352:
6346:Wayback Machine
6336:
6332:
6322:
6320:
6304:
6300:
6291:
6289:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6266:
6264:
6253:
6249:
6239:
6237:
6226:
6222:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6199:
6198:
6194:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6174:Wayback Machine
6165:
6161:
6155:Wayback Machine
6146:
6142:
6123:
6119:
6109:
6107:
6099:
6098:
6094:
6085:
6083:
6073:
6069:
6061:
6057:
6042:
6021:
6017:
5997:
5993:
5951:
5947:
5941:Wayback Machine
5932:
5928:
5918:
5916:
5906:
5902:
5893:
5889:
5883:Wayback Machine
5869:
5865:
5858:
5832:
5828:
5813:
5809:
5796:
5795:
5782:
5760:
5756:
5743:
5742:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5709:象棋简明规则 – 中国棋院在线
5706:
5705:
5701:
5692:
5690:
5680:
5676:
5667:
5665:
5654:
5650:
5643:
5629:
5622:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5602:Wayback Machine
5593:
5586:
5580:Wayback Machine
5571:
5567:
5563:
5558:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5459:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5445:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5431:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5403:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5347:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5298:
5292:
5285:
5282:Qi Guo Xiang Qi
5276:
5264:
5233:
5208:
5194:
5175:
5162:
5147:
5132:
5123:
5118:
5086:
5062:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5035:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4692:
4646:
4486:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4354:
4341:
4322:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4249:
4236:
4234:Cannon endgames
4201:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4169:
4156:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4092:
4079:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4010:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3957:
3944:
3916:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3622:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3335:
3322:
3321:
3260:
3259:Red mates in 11
3256:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2895:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2778:
2750:Quadruple check
2735:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2668:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2332:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2026:
2016:
1935:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1772:
1750:
1641:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1590:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:are labelled 砲
1511:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1426:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1329:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1249:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1174:(also known as
1161:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1072:
1048:(as opposed to
1031:
972:
969:
968:
926:
918:Hanchu boundary
899:
896:
895:
876:
873:
872:
845:
842:
841:
754:
648:
644:
638:
637:
636:
626:
622:
603:
580:
565:Revised Hepburn
473:Literal meaning
432:Literal meaning
399:Vietnamese name
282:
281:
260:
201:Literal meaning
164:
125:
89:
52:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7754:
7744:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7731:Chess in China
7728:
7723:
7718:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7697:
7690:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7667:
7665:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7618:Other variants
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7580:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7571:Other variants
7568:
7563:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7525:
7523:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7474:
7472:
7465:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7426:Inspired games
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7397:Hand and brain
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7377:Fortress chess
7374:
7369:
7367:Enochian chess
7364:
7359:
7354:
7352:Business chess
7349:
7347:Bughouse chess
7344:
7338:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7266:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7249:
7247:Seirawan chess
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7137:
7135:
7128:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7081:Diplomat chess
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7052:
7050:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7014:
7012:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6857:
6855:
6846:
6836:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6798:
6793:
6791:Infinite chess
6788:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6762:Cylinder chess
6759:
6757:Circular chess
6754:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6727:
6725:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6701:
6699:
6692:
6691:Orthodox rules
6688:
6687:
6679:Chess variants
6675:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6630:
6624:
6619:
6613:
6608:
6600:
6599:External links
6597:
6596:
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6504:
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6220:
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6192:
6178:
6159:
6140:
6117:
6092:
6067:
6055:
6040:
6015:
5991:
5967:t'ai-tze-si-ma
5961:. The Emperor
5945:
5926:
5900:
5887:
5863:
5856:
5826:
5807:
5780:
5768:T'ung-kien nun
5754:
5723:
5699:
5674:
5648:
5642:978-1863666978
5641:
5633:Key Into China
5620:
5606:
5584:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
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5423:
5409:
5395:
5381:
5367:
5353:
5339:
5325:
5310:
5294:Main article:
5291:
5288:
5244:Kangxi Emperor
5223:Three Kingdoms
5193:
5190:
5150:Bughouse chess
5117:
5114:
5085:
5082:
5061:
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5041:
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4672:
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4649:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4496:A game called
4485:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4469:Two chariots:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4453:
4452:
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4208:
4207:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4155:
4154:Horse endgames
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4068:
4067:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4011:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3987:
3986:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3958:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3920:pawn promotion
3915:
3912:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
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3342:
3341:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3291:
3280:3.Rg10++ Af10
3272:
3271:
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3258:
3257:
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2322:
2317:
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2309:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:Cxe7+? Cexe4??
2293:
2290:
2285:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
1987:
1986:
1967:
1966:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1890:
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1882:
1879:
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1867:
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1860:
1859:
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1507:
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1422:
1361:
1354:
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1349:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1328:
1325:
1266:) are labeled
1248:
1245:
1160:
1157:
1071:
1068:
1042:mainland China
1030:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1002:
925:
922:
753:
750:
696:elephant chess
627:
620:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:
602:
601:
598:
594:
590:
584:
583:
579:
578:
575:
571:
567:
561:
560:
559:Transcriptions
552:
551:
544:
538:
537:
530:
524:
523:
516:
510:
509:
505:
504:
501:
500:
493:
487:
486:
485:Transcriptions
478:
477:
476:Elephant Chess
474:
470:
469:
462:
456:
455:
448:
442:
441:
437:
436:
433:
429:
428:
421:
415:
414:
407:
401:
400:
396:
395:
392:
391:
384:
375:
374:
368:
367:
360:
351:
350:
344:
343:
333:
327:
326:
319:
313:
312:
305:
299:
298:
296:Yue: Cantonese
292:
291:
272:
266:
265:
256:
250:
249:
242:
236:
235:
228:
222:
221:
215:
214:
213:Transcriptions
206:
205:
204:Elephant chess
202:
198:
197:
190:
184:
183:
179:
178:
175:
174:
166:
165:
163:
162:
159:
158:Elephant chess
156:
152:
150:
146:
145:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
124:
123:
117:
113:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
88:
87:
82:
77:
71:
69:
65:
64:
58:
54:
53:
50:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7753:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7696:
7695:
7691:
7689:
7688:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7662:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7631:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7558:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7498:Grant Acedrex
7496:
7494:
7493:Courier chess
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7462:Chess-related
7460:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7443:Martian chess
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7331:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7280:Courier-Spiel
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7259:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7222:Embassy chess
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7193:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7129:
7119:
7109:
7108:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7045:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7009:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6997:Monster chess
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6987:Kung-Fu Chess
6985:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6973:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6931:Madrasi chess
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6911:Hostage chess
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6850:
6847:
6837:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6811:Rhombic chess
6809:
6806:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6785:Masonic chess
6782:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6684:
6680:
6673:
6668:
6666:
6661:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6593:
6592:0-9711690-2-0
6589:
6585:
6582:Li, David H.
6581:
6578:
6577:0-9711690-1-2
6574:
6570:
6567:Li, David H.
6566:
6563:
6562:0-9637852-0-6
6559:
6555:
6552:Li, David H.
6551:
6548:
6547:0-9637852-7-3
6544:
6540:
6537:Li, David H.
6536:
6533:
6532:0-9637852-5-7
6529:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6499:0-19-827403-3
6495:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6477:0-9637852-2-2
6474:
6470:
6467:Li, David H.
6466:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6453:
6451:0-8048-3508-X
6447:
6442:
6441:
6440:Chinese Chess
6434:
6433:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6360:
6354:
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6152:
6149:
6144:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6121:
6106:
6102:
6096:
6082:
6081:Banaschak.net
6078:
6071:
6065:
6059:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6041:0-936317-01-9
6037:
6032:
6031:
6025:
6019:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6003:T'ang dynasty
6000:
5995:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5949:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5930:
5915:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5891:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5859:
5857:0-8048-3508-X
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5840:Chinese Chess
5837:
5830:
5822:
5818:
5811:
5803:
5802:Ancient Chess
5799:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5764:
5758:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5711:
5703:
5689:
5685:
5678:
5663:
5662:Best of China
5659:
5652:
5644:
5638:
5634:
5627:
5625:
5616:
5610:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5591:
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5466:
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5438:
5424:
5410:
5396:
5382:
5368:
5354:
5340:
5326:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5306:Chess Symbols
5303:
5297:
5296:Chess Symbols
5287:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5253:
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5245:
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4367:
4360:
4352:
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4330:
4327:
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4325:
4314:
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3997:
3994:
3985:
3977:
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3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3792:
3785:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3639:
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3627:
3626:
3625:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3589:
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3571:
3564:
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3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
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3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
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3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3305:7.Rh9+ Eeg10
3303:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2973:
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2969:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2936:
2929:
2922:
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2893:
2886:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2759:Triple check
2758:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
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2674:
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2659:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2557:
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2549:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2475:
2467:
2460:
2453:
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2438:
2431:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
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2380:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2362:
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2356:
2352:
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2337:
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2321:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2297:
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2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:According to
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1952:dot or period
1949:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1645:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1617:
1615:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1371:
1358:
1346:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1255:The elephants
1253:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:naming taboos
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1026:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:A player who
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
990:
988:
977:
975:
954:
950:
946:
944:
940:
930:
921:
919:
915:
911:
904:
902:
888:
881:
879:
865:
855:
850:
848:
832:
830:
826:
816:
812:
808:
804:
794:
790:
786:
777:
767:
760:Xiangqi board
758:
749:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
730:
724:
720:
716:
715:Western chess
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
693:
692:Chinese chess
689:
683:
675:
669:
642:
634:
630:
612:
599:
596:
595:
591:
589:
585:
576:
573:
572:
568:
566:
562:
557:
553:
545:
543:
539:
531:
529:
525:
517:
515:
511:
508:Japanese name
506:
494:
492:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
463:
461:
457:
449:
447:
443:
438:
435:General Chess
434:
430:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
406:
402:
397:
385:
383:
380:
376:
373:
369:
361:
359:
356:
352:
349:
345:
339:
334:
332:
328:
320:
318:
314:
306:
304:
300:
297:
293:
285:
278:
273:
271:
267:
257:
255:
251:
243:
241:
237:
229:
227:
223:
220:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
191:
189:
185:
180:
176:
171:
161:Elephant game
160:
157:
155:Chinese chess
154:
153:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
128:
121:
118:
115:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
48:
43:
35:
27:
19:
18:Chinese chess
7692:
7685:
7598:Manchu chess
7582:
7508:Short assize
7242:Modern chess
7202:Almost chess
7105:
6951:Portal chess
6946:PlunderChess
6941:Patrol chess
6926:Losing chess
6901:Dynamo chess
6871:Beirut chess
6866:Atomic chess
6767:Double chess
6752:Balbo's game
6640:
6583:
6568:
6553:
6538:
6523:
6521:Li, David H.
6507:
6487:
6468:
6459:
6439:
6416:. Retrieved
6412:
6384:. Retrieved
6378:
6365:
6353:
6333:
6321:. Retrieved
6315:
6301:
6290:. Retrieved
6286:
6277:
6265:. Retrieved
6260:
6250:
6238:. Retrieved
6233:
6223:
6209:
6195:
6181:
6162:
6143:
6120:
6108:. Retrieved
6104:
6095:
6084:. Retrieved
6080:
6070:
6063:
6058:
6029:
6018:
6010:
5998:
5994:
5982:
5974:
5971:crown prince
5966:
5952:
5948:
5929:
5919:February 20,
5917:. Retrieved
5913:
5903:
5895:
5890:
5871:
5866:
5839:
5829:
5820:
5810:
5801:
5775:
5767:
5761:
5757:
5748:
5714:. Retrieved
5712:(in Chinese)
5702:
5691:. Retrieved
5687:
5677:
5666:. Retrieved
5661:
5651:
5632:
5609:
5568:
5549:Xiexiemaster
5299:
5280:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5266:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5248:Qing dynasty
5228:
5227:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5203:
5202:
5198:san xiangqui
5197:
5195:
5170:
5169:
5159:
5158:
5145:Supply chess
5144:
5143:
5139:Qing dynasty
5129:Manchu chess
5127:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5098:
5087:
5078:
5063:
5055:
5047:
5043:
4635:
4632:Qing dynasty
4628:
4618:
4611:
4607:Tang dynasty
4596:
4581:
4570:
4550:
4537:
4536:). The word
4525:
4519:
4505:
4497:
4495:
4468:
4454:
4443:
4425:
4407:
4323:
4132:
4071:
4064:
3990:
3983:
3936:
3917:
3904:
3782:
3646:
3623:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3588:dāng tóu pào
3587:
3585:
3582:
3327:
3316:
3314:10.d8+ Gxd8
3313:
3311:9.Re10+ Gd9
3310:
3307:
3304:
3302:6. ...Adxe9
3301:
3293:
3285:
3283:4.Rg9+ Afe9
3282:
3279:
3277:2.Rh9+ Afe9
3276:
3273:
3262:
3138:
3134:
3126:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2749:
2746:triple check
2745:
2536:double check
2534:
2525:
2358:
2348:
2339:
2333:
2330:Chess tactic
2319:
2306:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1980:
1968:
1960:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1765:
1751:
1726:
1722:
1627:
1613:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1596:The soldiers
1581:
1578:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1467:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1432:The chariots
1419:
1416:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1298:
1291:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1241:
1230:
1220:
1202:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:The advisors
1153:royal pieces
1144:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:orthogonally
1127:
1117:
1103:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1078:The generals
1039:
1032:
1024:
1020:
991:
973:
959:
947:
935:
917:
900:
877:
863:
856:
854:, a palace.
846:
833:
828:
823:;
810:
806:
801:;
788:
784:
775:
763:
745:
741:
737:
735:
726:
723:Indian chess
695:
691:
685:
640:
639:
628:
588:Kunrei-shiki
348:Southern Min
226:Hanyu Pinyin
182:Chinese name
110:Playing time
105:<1 minute
57:Years active
26:
7676:Fairy chess
7478:Chadarangam
7448:Navia Dratp
7402:Quatrochess
7382:Four Fronts
7334:Multiplayer
7295:Omega Chess
7285:Dragonchess
7270:Chesquerque
7232:Janus Chess
7227:Grand Chess
7123:rules using
7056:Alice chess
6921:Legan chess
6896:Cubic chess
6886:Circe chess
6843:traditional
6781:Cross chess
6605:Xiangqi.com
6110:16 February
5914:Xiangqi.com
5846:. pp.
5821:xiangqi.com
5749:xiangqi.com
5163:Similar to
5121:Blitz chess
5074:Xu Yinchuan
4644:Modern play
4598:Xuanguai lu
4588:David H. Li
3274:1. ...Af10
2950:pawn chains
2357:A piece is
2347:A piece is
1956:equals sign
1517:The cannons
914:Chu–Han War
440:Korean name
372:Eastern Min
323:zoeng6 kei2
261:hsiang-ch'i
120:Blitz games
7710:Categories
7488:Chaturanga
7471:Historical
7320:Wolf chess
7261:Unorthodox
7121:Unorthodox
7101:Rollerball
7061:Apocalypse
7033:Kriegspiel
7023:Dice chess
7018:Dark chess
6891:Crazyhouse
6841:rules with
6839:Unorthodox
6772:Grid chess
6430:References
6292:2021-01-22
6263:. 01xq.com
6236:. 01xq.com
6105:xqbase.com
6086:2011-10-01
5963:T'ai-Tsung
5815:Png, Jim.
5693:2023-03-15
5668:2023-03-15
5529:Xiang Jing
5290:In Unicode
5230:San You Qi
5205:San Guo Qi
5116:Variations
4603:Niu Sengru
4577:chaturanga
4521:Xiang Jing
3928:fortresses
3635:pawn chain
2328:See also:
1948:minus sign
1791:炮 (32)–35
1739:abilities.
1559:homophones
1335:The horses
1305:homophones
1237:chaturanga
1233:diagonally
1180:assistants
719:chaturanga
703:board game
405:Vietnamese
309:jeuhng kéi
254:Wade–Giles
102:Setup time
85:Mind sport
75:Board game
63:to present
7645:Fairy-Max
7566:Dai shogi
7561:Chu shogi
7483:Chaturaji
7417:Tri-chess
7310:2000 A.D.
7300:Stratomic
7091:Jeson Mor
7086:Dragonfly
7071:Chessence
7038:Penultima
6881:Chessplus
6854:8×8 board
6801:Minichess
6418:31 August
6386:31 August
5688:k.sina.cn
5502:🩭
5488:🩬
5474:🩫
5460:🩪
5446:🩩
5432:🩨
5418:🩧
5404:🩦
5390:🩥
5376:🩤
5362:🩣
5348:🩢
5334:🩡
5320:🩠
5274:Si Guo Qi
5178:Hong Kong
5160:Formation
5100:separate
5084:Computers
4554:astronomy
4507:Shuo Yuan
3991:Inducing
3317:11.Rd10#
3286:5.Rh10++
2292:Ch6? Cb4?
2289:Cbe3 Che8
2009:炮二平五 馬8進7
1965:C2.5 H8+7
1944:plus sign
1795:馬 (18)–37
1774:The book
1690:Elephant
1260:Elephants
1190:ministers
1185:mandarins
987:stalemate
776:or Wéi qí
388:Chiông-gì
364:chhiūⁿ-kî
144:, tactics
7633:Software
7578:Sittuyin
7546:Senterej
7534:variants
7522:Regional
7503:Shatranj
7453:The Duke
7372:Forchess
7342:Bosworth
7186:Cheskers
7146:Berolina
6852:Standard
6736:Handicap
6486:(1913).
6342:Archived
6170:Archived
6151:Archived
6050:13472872
6026:(1913).
5987:Yün-Kung
5979:dominoes
5959:Lü-Ts'ai
5937:Archived
5879:Archived
5776:I pai ti
5598:Archived
5576:Archived
5512:See also
5262:Sanrenqi
5186:Luzhanqi
5182:Stratego
5110:WinBoard
5070:Tang Dan
5060:Rankings
4573:shuffled
4204:zugzwang
3993:zugzwang
3333:Openings
3130:windmill
2360:skewered
2316:Gameplay
2051:Che3 Hg8
2014:System 3
1863:Elephant
1800:System 2
1770:System 1
1748:Notation
1714:Chariot
1682:Advisor
1601:Soldiers
1548:catapult
1437:Chariots
1412:hobbling
1309:Mandarin
1247:Elephant
1194:warriors
1172:Advisors
1091:Generals
729:cờ tướng
700:strategy
542:Katakana
528:Hiragana
497:syangchi
411:cờ tướng
317:Jyutping
246:ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄑㄧˊ
240:Bopomofo
149:Synonyms
142:Strategy
7716:Xiangqi
7664:Related
7583:Xiangqi
7362:Duchess
7141:Baroque
6510:. 1952.
5898:. 1952.
5497:U+1FA6D
5483:U+1FA6C
5469:U+1FA6B
5455:U+1FA6A
5441:U+1FA69
5427:U+1FA68
5413:U+1FA67
5399:U+1FA66
5385:U+1FA65
5371:U+1FA64
5357:U+1FA63
5343:U+1FA62
5329:U+1FA61
5315:U+1FA60
5302:Unicode
5246:of the
5238:in the
5236:Shexian
4592:Han Xin
4538:xiàngqí
4527:xiangxi
4498:xiangqi
4484:History
4217:pieces.
3914:Endgame
2376:Skewer
2324:Tactics
1908:Soldier
1878:General
1848:Chariot
1818:Advisor
1813:Pieces
1706:Cannon
1661:Points
1649:Beijing
1588:Soldier
1582:pào tái
1566:radical
1530:Cannons
1424:Chariot
1374:knights
1294:general
1264:bishops
1212:officer
1159:Advisor
1145:general
1070:General
901:hàn jiè
889:", and
815:Chinese
793:Chinese
698:, is a
687:xiàngqí
674:Chinese
641:Xiangqi
577:shanchī
419:Hán-Nôm
355:Hokkien
232:xiàngqí
188:Chinese
173:Xiangqi
94:Players
40:Xiangqi
7650:XBoard
7640:ChessV
7588:Jungle
7551:Shatar
7541:Makruk
7529:Janggi
7433:Arimaa
7357:Djambi
7151:Chakra
7127:pieces
6845:pieces
6590:
6575:
6560:
6545:
6530:
6496:
6475:
6448:
6323:4 June
6287:wxf.ca
6267:4 June
6240:4 June
6048:
6038:
5969:("the
5854:
5716:27 May
5639:
5499:
5485:
5471:
5457:
5443:
5429:
5415:
5401:
5387:
5373:
5359:
5345:
5331:
5317:
5135:Manchu
4620:Janggi
4309:piece.
4146:piece.
2350:pinned
2307:
1833:Cannon
1810:Abbr.
1793:
1698:Horse
1658:Piece
1509:Cannon
1398:and 马
1370:Horses
1317:Listen
1176:guards
1029:Pieces
878:chǔ hé
825:pinyin
803:pinyin
785:points
746:palace
721:, and
711:janggi
684::
682:pinyin
676::
600:syantî
446:Hangul
379:Fuzhou
138:Skills
130:Chance
68:Genres
7593:Banqi
7556:Shogi
7464:games
7438:Jetan
7161:Duell
7076:Congo
6007:Wu-Ti
5848:28–30
5561:Notes
5240:Anhui
5172:Banqi
5154:shogi
5137:-led
4416:draw.
4142:well.
3908:below
2370:Fork
2338:In a
1893:Horse
1807:Name
1605:pawns
1576:bāo.
1441:rooks
1327:Horse
1277:xiàng
1273:xiàng
1118:shuài
1104:jiàng
1095:kings
974:jiāng
962:照將/將軍
943:south
939:north
924:Rules
811:ranks
789:files
752:Board
742:river
707:shogi
597:syôgi
574:shōgi
548:シャンチー
514:Kanji
460:Hanja
280:
7392:Gala
7290:Gess
7066:Chad
6683:list
6588:ISBN
6573:ISBN
6558:ISBN
6543:ISBN
6528:ISBN
6494:ISBN
6473:ISBN
6446:ISBN
6420:2011
6388:2011
6359:here
6325:2012
6269:2012
6242:2012
6112:2018
6046:OCLC
6036:ISBN
5921:2023
5852:ISBN
5718:2014
5637:ISBN
5267:Han.
5219:feng
5088:The
4437:win.
2373:Pin
2341:fork
2000:píng
1985:25=4
1628:bīng
1603:(or
1445:cars
1439:(or
1372:(or
1299:The
1281:Tián
1262:(or
1141:king
1093:(or
1054:jade
941:and
847:gōng
829:xiàn
744:and
534:しょうぎ
133:None
6635:by
5252:huo
5211:huo
4622:of
1996:tuì
1992:jìn
1954:or
1783:()-
1762:...
1709:4½
1570:huǒ
1563:shí
1555:pào
1539:pào
1499:chē
1443:or
1307:in
1289:).
1286:塞象眼
1221:shì
1203:shì
1192:or
1040:On
910:Han
887:Chu
820:線/綫
738:pao
694:or
382:BUC
358:POJ
331:IPA
270:IPA
7712::
6783:,
6411:.
6396:^
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6314:.
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1851:R*
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1383:mǎ
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1182:,
1155:.
1066:.
983:將死
892:漢界
869:楚河
864:hé
827::
817::
807:lù
805::
795::
780:圍棋
774:;
771:圍碁
766:Go
717:,
713:,
709:,
680:;
678:象棋
672:;
662:tʃ
656:ɑː
520:象棋
466:象棋
452:샹치
425:碁將
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4665:D
4662:C
4659:B
4656:A
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1911:S
1896:H
1881:G
1866:E
1836:C
1821:A
1651:.
1574:包
1552:炮
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1269:象
1059:俥
966:將
860:河
838:宮
813:(
798:路
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768:(
668:/
665:i
659:ŋ
653:ʃ
650:ˈ
647:/
643:(
635:.
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