China painting - Knowledge

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then pressed onto the slab. It picks up the ink from the grease, thus reproducing the drawing. The process can be repeated to make many copies. A multicolored print could be made using different blocks for different colors. For ceramics, the print was made onto duplex paper, with a thin layer of tissue paper facing a thicker layer of paper. A weak varnish was painted on the ceramic surface, which could be slightly curved, then the duplex paper pressed onto the surface. The tissue paper was soaked off before firing. Later techniques were developed to photographically copy images onto lithograph plates. The technique, with its ability to transfer fine detail, is considered most suitable for onglaze decoration, although it has been used for underglaze images.

1590: 1043: 83: 551: 4167: 38: 4175: 533: 1164: 1675: 1426: 1176: 1411: 498: 1194: 622: 1206: 1574: 742: 383: 192: 1248: 263: 1617:. China painting also became popular in America. It was acceptable since it resembled other "parlor crafts" such as watercolor and glass painting. At first, men dominated the field of china painting as an artform. Thus Edward Lycett, who had learned his art in the Stoke-on-Trent potteries of England, moved to America where, "the only place where painting of the finer kind was being done as a regular business was at Mt. Lycett's wareroom; and here many ladies resorted to study the methods employed and the materials required." H.C. Standage wrote in 889: 1530: 1735: 1393: 1444: 1783: 416:

eliminated. Eventually the technique evolved to use fine screens, with some areas blocked by a film and some lines or areas left open to allow paint to pass through. Techniques were developed to transfer images to screens photographically. The process was in use for ceramics by the mid-20th century, and is now the main way of decorating ceramics. It can be used to print curved shapes such as mugs with underglaze, onglaze, glaze, wax resist and heated thermoplastic colors.

65: 761: 290:. Earthenware is opaque, with a relatively coarse texture, while porcelain is translucent, with a fine texture of minute crystals dispersed in a transparent glassy matrix. Industrial manufacturers of earthenware pottery biscuit-fire the body to the maturing range of the body, typically 1,100 to 1,160 °C (2,010 to 2,120 °F), then apply glaze and glaze-fire the piece at a lower temperature of about 1,060 to 1,080 °C (1,940 to 1,980 °F). 1558: 1329:(1718–80). In the 1770s designs were often inspired by the Rococo style of early Sèvres pieces, including exotic birds or flowers on solid or patterned backgrounds. The company introduced a harder paste and harder, brighter glaze after 1796. Between 1804 and 1813 the partner Martin Barr Jr. was responsible for production of superbly painted ornamental vases with landscapes or designs of natural objects such as shells or flowers. 1304: 317: 911:

1695. The Japanese began to produce ware for export in 1660, but the supply was uncertain. Trade with China reopened at the end of the 17th century, but the Dutch had lost their monopoly. A French ship reached Canton in 1698, and an English ship in 1699. In the years that followed large quantities of porcelain manufactured in China for trade purposes were imported to Europe, much of it in English ships.

880:. Blue and white Chinese porcelains from the 14th to 16th centuries have also been found in peasant houses in Syria. Often the porcelain was designed for the market, with decorative designs that included prayers and quotations from the Koran in Arabic or Persian script. Large amounts of Ming porcelain had also been found in Iraq and Egypt, and also in Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, India and East Africa. 1763:

circumstances. It was an excruciating experience to watch enormously gifted women squander their creative talents on teacups." Chicago was criticized by other feminists for her condescending views on "women's crafts." One wrote that "Chicago the feminist wants to give the china painters their historic due. Chicago the artist is offended by the aesthetic of what they have done."

981:(1706–75) was the most famous sculptor at Meissen, creating vigorous models of figures and groups. The pieces had bright glazes and were painted in enamels with strong colors. Meissen's processes were carefully guarded from competitors. The secrets gradually leaked out, and factories were established in Prussia and at Vienna by the 1720s. After Saxony was defeated in the 437:(618–907 AD). Over the years that followed the quality of the porcelain, the design and decoration became extremely refined. The pieces were thin and finely made, with subtle glazes, and later with elaborate painted decorations. The Chinese began exporting porcelain throughout medieval Continental Asia and the Near East in the 9th century. By the time of the 231:. Soft-paste porcelain is fired to 1,000 to 1,100 °C (1,830 to 2,010 °F). The kiln must be raised to the precise temperature where the piece will vitrify, but no higher or the piece will sag and deform. Soft-paste porcelain is translucent and can be thinly potted. After firing it has similar appearance and properties to hard-paste porcelain. 212:, or more commonly feldspar and quartz. The glaze is prepared from petuntse mixed with liquid lime, with less lime in the higher-quality glazes. The lime gives the glaze a hint of green or blue, a brilliant surface and a sense of depth. Hard-paste porcelain is fired to temperatures of 1,260 to 1,300 °C (2,300 to 2,370 °F). 1758:

the roses, which seemed to be part of the porcelain on which they were painted. I became enormously curious as to how it had been done. The next year I went to Europe for the first time and found myself almost more interested in cases of painted porcelain than in the endless rows of paintings hanging on musty museum walls.

1020: 961:" did not contain china clay, and was only made in small quantities. In the late 17th century Louis Poterat tried to manufacture porcelain at Rouen, France. Little of this has survived. Tea drinking became fashionable in Europe at the start of the 18th century, and created increasing demand for Oriental-style porcelain. 366:

object. The technique is similar to watercolor painting. One advantage of overglaze china painting compared to oil or watercolor is the paint may be removed with a slightly wetted brush while the color is still moist, bringing back the original ground. Pieces with overglaze painting are often referred to as "enamelled".

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Chicago spent a year and a half studying china painting. She became intrigued by the effort that amateur women had put into the undervalued art form. She wrote, "The china-painting world, and the household objects the women painted, seemed to be a perfect metaphor for women's domestic and trivialized

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implicitly acknowledges its origins in China. Others say the use of cobalt blue as a pigment for painting pottery was developed in the Middle East, and adopted in China for painting porcelain. However, this has been disputed, since the earliest Middle-Eastern pottery with cobalt blue decoration, from

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The Japanese began to make porcelain early in the 17th century, learning from Chinese and Korean craftsmen how to fire the pieces and make underglaze blue cobalt decoration and overglaze enamel painting. In the mid-17th century the Japanese found a growing market from European traders who were unable

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was invented in 1797, at first used in printing paper images. An image is drawn with a greasy crayon on a smooth stone or zinc surface, which is then wetted. The water remains on the stone but is repelled by the grease. Ink is spread on and is repelled by the water but remains on the grease. Paper is

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Overglaze china paints are made of ground mineral compounds mixed with flux. Paints may contain expensive elements including gold. The flux is a finely-ground glass, similar to porcelain glaze. The powdered paint is mixed with a medium, typically some type of oil, before being brushed onto the glazed

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dismissed the preconception that several firings were needed when the work included a variety of colors. She admitted that this could be desirable in porcelain factories, but it would not be practical for amateurs. McLaughlin always prepared her work for a single firing, using a technique similar to

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Porcelain factories in France, Germany, England and the United States produced plates, bowls, cups and other objects for decoration by china painters. In 1877 McLaughlin recommended the hard French porcelain blanks. The "blanks" were plain white, with a clear glaze, and could be fired several times.

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employed young women with artistic talent to create hand-painted or hand-colored art pottery. Until as late as 1939, women in the ceramic industry in Britain were mostly confined to decorating, since they were thought to have special aptitude for repetitive detailed work. The trades' unions did what

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from engraved or etched copperplates or woodblocks dates to around 1750. The plate is painted with an oil-and-enamel pigment. The surface is cleaned, leaving the paint in the cut grooves. The paint is then transferred to "potter's tissue", a thin but tough tissue paper, using a press. The tissue is

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in using the term "China painting" in preference to "porcelain painting", although "porcelain" is preferred to "china" for the material being painted. The term "china painting" is sometimes used to refer only to overglaze painting, in contrast to underglaze decoration. This article uses the term in

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in 1759, which prospered. His jasper ware has been classed as a fine stoneware, but is similar to porcelain, although the raw materials differ from both. In 1805 his company began to make a hard-paste porcelain in small quantities. Some of this was richly painted in floral designs and gilt. In 1836

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was established in 1751, mainly producing high-quality blue underglaze painted porcelain. At first the decorations were hand painted. Around 1755 the factory introduced overglaze transfer printing, and in 1757–58 introduced underglaze blue transfer printing. Robert Hancock (1730–1817) executed the

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was first introduced in Japan in the early 18th century, said to be the invention of Yutensai Miyassak. The early Japanese version was a refinement to stenciling that used human hairs to hold together parts of the stencil, such as the outside and center of a circle, so that visible bridges could be

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The artist may begin by sketching their design with a china marker pencil. When the painted object is fired in a kiln, the china marker lines and the medium evaporate. The color particles melt and flatten on the glaze surface, and the flux bonds them to the glaze. At sufficient heat the underlying

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Open mediums do not dry in the air, while closed mediums do. An artist may prefer a medium that stays fluid for some time, may want one that dries hard, or may want a medium that remains somewhat sticky. If the medium dries hard the artist can build up layers of color, which will fuse together in a

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Traditional porcelain in China included painting under the glaze as well as painting over the glaze. With underglaze painting, as its name implies, the paint is applied to an unglazed object, which is then covered with glaze and fired. A different type of paint is used from that used for overglaze

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factory in Saxony was followed by other factories in Germany, France, the UK and other European countries. Technology and styles evolved. The decoration of some hand-painted plates and vases from the 19th century resembles oil paintings. In the later part of the 19th century china painting became a

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During a trip up the northwest coast in the summer of 1971, I stumbled onto a small antique shop in Oregon and went in. There, in a locked cabinet, sitting on velvet, was a beautiful hand-painted plate. The shopkeeper took it out of the case, and I stared at the gentle color fades and soft hues of

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Overglaze decorations of earthenware, Faience or porcelain were traditionally made with carefully outlined designs that were then colored in. Later designs represented flowers, landscapes or portraits with little overpainting or blending of the colors. In the 20th century china painting techniques

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Wheeler's Society of Decorative Art in New York taught pupils to paint simple floral motifs on ceramic tableware. The more talented and experienced china painters could move on to painting portrait plaques. Some women were able to develop professional careers as independent china painters. Rosina

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wrote of Jingdezhen in 1712, "During a night entrance, one thinks that the whole city is on fire, or that it is one large furnace with many vent holes." The European traders began to supply models to show the manufacturers the form and decoration they required for tableware items unfamiliar to the

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with about 100,000 porcelain items. These were auctioned at Amsterdam in August 1604 to buyers from across Europe. Over the period from 1604 to 1657 the Dutch may have brought 3,000,000 pieces of porcelain to Europe. Political upheavals then cut off most of the trade of porcelain from China until

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lamented the number of unqualified teachers who had failed to spend the six months or a year needed for a thorough artist to acquire reasonable knowledge of china painting techniques. The writer estimated that among the tens of thousands of professional and amateur china painters in the US there

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In the household china-painting affords amusement for the girls in the family during the hours their brothers and father leave for business, and return in the evening. To many such ladies, who have nothing better to do than novel reading, this method of filling their time will be esteemed a great

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treatment. The portraits were either made from the live sitter or from a photograph. One portrait of a young girl that has survived was painted on a white glazed earthenware blank from Josiah Wedgwood & Sons. It is finely detailed, from the background of patterned wallpaper to the details of

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kilns in northern China began production early in the 8th century, where they produced sophisticated and beautiful porcelains and developed innovative kiln stacking and firing techniques. Ding ware had white bodies, and typically had an ivory-white glaze. However, some Ding ware had monochrome

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flux that melts and reacts with the other ingredients. The resulting material is strong, white and translucent, and resonates when struck. It is fired at a medium temperature, up to 1,200 °C (2,190 °F), which gives it a much better body than soft-paste objects with a glassy frit. The

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Porcelain painting was developed in China and later taken up in Korea and then Japan. Decorated Chinese porcelain from the 9th century has been found in the Middle East. Porcelain for trade with this region often has Islamic motifs. Trade with Europe began in the 16th century. By the early 18th

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Their price varied depending on size and complexity of the object's molding, ranging from a few cents to several dollars. The china painter could buy commercially produced powdered colors of mineral oxides mixed with a low-temperature flux. Some manufacturers sold paints pre-mixed with oil.

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Vincennes-Sèvres became the most famous porcelain factory in Europe in the later 18th century. It was known for its finely modeled and brightly colored artificial flowers, used to decorate objects such as clocks and candelabra. The factory at Sèvres was nationalized in 1793 after the

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copper plates and developed the process of transfer printing. Japanese-inspired designs were introduced in the late 1750s. Overglaze hand-painted polychrome decoration was also produced by "the best painters from Chelsea etc.", or by independent decorating shops such as that of

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Chinese. The French Jesuits provided paintings, engravers, enamels and even the painters themselves to the Imperial court, and these designs found their way into porcelain decoration. Colorful enamel paints, used in German tin-glazed pottery, gave rise to new techniques such as

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that could be used for small pieces. However, she recommended having the firing done by a professional, which would probably be safer, faster and cheaper. Often the amateur artist could take their work for firing to the same shop where they bought their colors and blanks.

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painting. The glaze has to be subject to very high temperatures to bond to the paste, and only a very limited number of colors can stand this process. Blue was commonly used under the glaze and other colors over the glaze, both in China and in Europe, as with English

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in Iraq in the 9th century, has Chinese shapes. At that time the potters in the region did not have the technology to make high-fire underglaze porcelain. It appears that the white glazed pottery with blue decoration was in imitation of imported porcelain from China.

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caused further damage. The industry recovered and produced new forms with white or white and blue glaze. In the late 19th century the loss of state support for the industry and the introduction of printed transfer decoration caused the traditional skills to be lost.

1296:" is thought to have been introduced about 1780 by Thomas Turner of the Caughley Pottery Works in Shropshire. It takes elements from various Chinese designs, including a willow tree, a pair of doves, a pavilion and three figures on a bridge over a lake. Spode and 408:

The roots of natural sponges were used in Scotland to make crude stamps to decorate earthenware pottery in the 19th century and early 20th century. Rubber stamps were introduced in the 20th century to decorate porcelain and bone china with gold lustred borders.

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from the 1690s. The Saint-Cloud painters were given the license to innovate, and produced lively and original designs, including blue-and-white pieces in the Chinese style and grotesque ornaments. A factory for white tin-glazed soft porcelain was founded at

473:(1369–1644) production of blue and white and red and white ceramics peaked. The Jingdezhen artisans developed and perfected use of overglaze enamels in the second half of the 15th century. They excelled in their floral, abstract or calligraphic designs. 1725:

China decoration by amateurs was popular in America between about 1860 and 1920. As the practice declined, the artists were encouraged to make their own designs and to learn to throw pots. Those who succeeded were among America's first studio potters.

1486:. The latter factory was transferred to Madrid in 1759 when Charles became king of Spain. Modeled figures were often not decorated, or were painted in subdued pastel colors. Porcelain was manufactured in Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands and Russia. The 1626:

boon. Doubly so, since their work may be used either as decorations to the wall surface, if it be plaques they paint, or else disposed of at a profit to themselves to increase their pin-money, or may be given to some bazaar for charitable purposes.

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from 1776, was a pioneer in use of steam-powered machinery for making pottery. He perfected the process for transfer printing from copper plates. His son, Josiah Spode the younger, began making bone china around the end of the 18th century, adding

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underglazing the decoration is typically fairly simple, using outline extensively and broad shading. The Japanese were known for their skill in depicting flowers, plants and birds in underglaze paintings that used the fewest possible brushstrokes.

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The Chinese define porcelain as a type of pottery that is hard, compact and fine-grained, that cannot be scratched by a knife, and that resonates with a clear, musical note when hit. It need not be white or translucent. This porcelain is made from

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to 1,220 to 1,300 °C (2,230 to 2,370 °F). Because the glost temperature is higher than the biscuit temperature, the glaze reacts with the body. The body also releases gases that bubble up through the glaze, affecting the appearance.

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single firing. This can create unusual intensity or depth of color. If the medium remains sticky the artist can add to the design by dusting more color onto the surface, or can dust on an overglaze powder to create a high gloss surface.

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John Martin testified before a select committee of the British House of Commons on Arts and Manufactures. He considered that china painting was in decline in his country and no original designs were being produced. He acknowledged that

1717:. The magazine found a ready market, with many subscribers in the US, Europe and other countries. It became recognized as the authority on all aspects of china painting, and continued to be published until 1901. An 1891 editorial in 1335:(1730–95) came from a family of potters. In 1754 he formed a partnership to make earthenware, and became interested in coloring. He invented a rich green glaze for use in leaf and fruit patterns. He established his own pottery in 923:

coloring in Chinese porcelain. Designs of European origin found their way onto many porcelain items made in China for export to Europe. At least 60 million pieces of Chinese porcelain were imported to Europe in the 18th century.

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period (918–1392) there was high demand for Chinese porcelain, and Korean potters used the imports as models. Distinctively Korean designs had emerged by the end of the 12th century, and the white porcelain of the reign of

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they could to handicap women even in these occupations, for example refusing to allow them to use hand rests. Often the women were used for subordinate tasks such as filling in outlines or adding decorative sprigs.

313:, but different pigments are used due to the different body characteristics and firing temperatures. Generally earthenware painting uses bolder, simpler designs, while china painting may be finer and more delicate. 1142:(1823–91) introduced manufacture of siliceous soft-paste pieces. The factory could make large objects that did not crack or split, and that could be decorated in rich colors due to the low firing temperature. 156:

and fired again to bond the paint with the glaze. Most pieces use only one of underglaze or overglaze painting, the latter often being referred to as "enamelled". Decorations may be applied by brush or by

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became more like oil painting, with blended colors and designs in which attention to light gives three-dimensional effects. More recently a style more like watercolor painting has become more common.

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then positioned face-down over the ceramic and rubbed to transfer the paint to the surface. This technique was introduced for both underglaze and overglaze transfer in Worcester in the mid-1750s.

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For the duration of the china painting craze, between about 1880 and 1920, many books on pottery making, focusing on painting, were published for the amateur in England and America, for example,

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was among the first porcelain manufacturing centers in the south of China, with ready access to kaolin and petunse. In its day it was the world's most important center of porcelain production.

1498:. It featured neoclassical designs with dark ground colors and antique-style cameo painting, including reproductions of engravings of Russian peasants. In 1803 the factory was reorganized by 1772: 550: 433:(206 BC – 220 AD) in an attempt to make vessels similar to the glass vessels that were being imported from Syria and Egypt at the time. Certainly porcelain was being made in China in the 1462: 1508: 497: 1275:

in East London. Bone china was also made at Lowestoft, at first mainly decorated in underglaze blue but later with Chinese-style over-glaze that also included pink and red.

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in Saxony was the first to successfully manufacture hard-paste porcelain in Europe. Painted porcelain wares that imitated oriental designs were being produced after 1715.

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Factories also opened in France and England, and porcelain wares began to be produced in higher volumes at lower prices. In France, soft-paste porcelain was produced at

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paints change color in the great heat. A light violet may turn into a dark blue, and a pale pink into a brown-crimson. The artist must anticipate these changes. With

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Underglaze painting requires considerably more skill than overglaze, since defects in the painting will often become visible only after the firing. During firing even

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Some writers suspect that porcelain may have been independently invented in Persia alongside China, where it has been made for many centuries, but the Persian word

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In the 16th century the Portuguese developed a limited trade in commonplace blue-and-white ware manufactured in China. In 1604 the Dutch captured a Portuguese

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Soft-paste porcelain was invented in Europe. Soft-paste porcelain made in England from about 1745 used a white-firing clay with the addition of a glassy

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English Porcelain: A Handbook to the China Made in England During the Eighteenth Century as Illustrated by Specimens Chiefly in the National Collections

1425: 985:(1756–63) the methods of making porcelain became widely known. By the late 18th century there were twenty-three porcelain factories in Germany. The 954: 532: 1175: 441:(960–1279) the porcelain makers had achieved a high level of skill. Some experts consider their work to be unsurpassed in its purity of design. 393:

was in use in the 17th century. A pattern is cut out of a paper form, which is placed on the ceramic. Paint is then dabbed through the stencil.

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respectable hobby for middle-class women in North America and Europe. More recently interest has revived in china painting as a fine art form.

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and took four hundred potters as prisoners to Japan. The Korean porcelain industry was destroyed while the Japanese industry boomed. The

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decoration may then be applied, followed by glaze, which is fired so it bonds to the body. The glazed porcelain may then be painted with

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ware, made from the commonest materials, could be beautiful works of art. However, he preferred plain ware to poorly decorated ware.

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designs, using the Kakiemon colors of iron red, pale yellow, clear blue and turquoise green. Soft-paste porcelain was also made at

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China Trade Porcelain: Patterns of Exchange: Additions to the Helena Woolworth McCann Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art

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tried to obtain backing to manufacture painted porcelain in Vienna in 1777. He failed, but later became known for his still-life

1502:, who introduced new products such as large vases with elaborate enamel paintings that were often very similar to oil paintings. 607:-style decorations included patterns of birds and foliage, and influenced designs used in European factories. The very refined 4336: 2023: 1968: 1138:, near Limoges. The factory produced many different painted designs for decoration. Later in the 19th century the art director 1601:

China painting became a fashionable hobby for wealthy young women in England in the 1870s. This followed the establishment by

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glaze softens, or "opens". The color is strongly bonded to the glaze and the surface of the finished object is glossy.

4478: 1804:(1758–1828), English ceramic artist, gilder and potter. His technique of painting gave rise to the 'Billingsley Rose'. 1674: 1557: 1119: 4783: 4732: 4448: 4145: 3940: 3806: 3561: 3412: 3352: 1850: 1326: 1308: 986: 1255:

The first soft paste porcelain manufactured in Britain came from factories in London, soon followed by factories in

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and porcelain the body is usually biscuit fired to 950 to 1,000 °C (1,740 to 1,830 °F), and then glost or

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opened a gallery in Regent Street where they put on annual china painting exhibitions judged by members of the

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developed a distinctive style of overglaze enamel decoration, typically using iron red, yellow and soft blue.

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can retain their composition and bond to the surface. This gives a wider range of colors for decoration.

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of a pottery painting studio in Kensington that provided employment for female graduates of the nearby

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18th century Chinese porcelain with underglaze blue, overglaze enamels. Mounts are 19th century French.

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were not exported until the 19th century, but used for presentation wares among Japan's feudal elite.

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The Pottery Notebook of Maude Robinson: A Woman's Contribution to Art Pottery Manufacture, 1903--1909

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For many years china painting was categorized as a craft, but in the 1970s feminist artists such as

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museum in Istanbul. Another large collection of 805 pieces of Chinese porcelain, donated to the

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was developed in England, with the first patent taken out in 1744. Bone china was perfected by

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China Painting: A Practical Manual for the Use of Amateurs in the Decoration of Hard Porcelain

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lacework and individual strands of hair, giving a realistic effect in the English tradition.

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The same techniques are used to paint the various types of porcelain and earthenware, both

153: 110: 106: 4442: 1925:(1854–1956), British 'Royal Worcester' painter best known for his 'Highland Cattle' scenes 1910: 1859:(1888–1960), Hungarian painter known for early innovations in Hungarian porcelain painting 453:

method, where surface layers were scaped away to expose a ground with a different color.

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Eighteenth-century English Porcelain in the Collection of the Indianapolis Museum of Art

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Chinese porcelain was prized by wealthy people in the Middle East from the time of the

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and 25% china clay. The stone and clay are both derived from granite. The stone is a

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is quite unique. In 1424 there were 139 kilns in Korea producing porcelain. In 1592

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The use of calcined animal bones in porcelain was suggested in Germany in 1689, but

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Products of the Russian Imperial Porcelain Factory, 2nd quarter of the 19th century

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Jingdezhen production expanded to meet the demand for export porcelain. The Jesuit

710: 600: 69: 31: 3605: 3078: 2881: 1992:

the broad sense of painted decoration of ceramics, either overglaze or underglaze.

1478:

Porcelain was made in Italy in the 18th century in Venice, in Florence and in the

1228: 1139: 4753: 4574: 4466: 4364: 4226: 4121: 1697:

watercolors to finish the painting. At that time an amateur could obtain a small

1332: 588: 458: 412: 334: 196: 166: 2009:, meaning cowrie shell. The material resembles the shell in its glossy surface. 4538: 4231: 4115: 3823: 3702: 3606: 1844: 1838: 1807: 1698: 1416: 1293: 1280: 893: 869: 608: 565: 105:

objects such as plates, bowls, vases or statues. The body of the object may be

51: 1690:

A Practical Manual for the use of Amateurs in the Decoration of Hard Porcelain

1355:

popularized one-of-a-kind, hand-crafted objects. Commercial potteries such as

386:

Transfer printed bowl, Abbey pattern, Petrus Regout, Netherlands, 20th century

4823: 4580: 4341: 4067: 4049: 3856:

Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists' Writings

1904: 1782: 1356: 1348: 1297: 1256: 429:

Possibly, as some authors claim, porcelain was already being made during the

247: 144:

Typically the body is first fired in a kiln to convert it into a hard porous

4679: 4097: 3431:

The Dinner Party: Judy Chicago and the Power of Popular Feminism, 1970-2007

3084: 1922: 1856: 1813: 1750: 1663: 1276: 920: 853: 591:

ware by the Europeans, after the shipping port. Porcelain only painted in

561: 523: 503: 470: 466: 438: 434: 320: 298: 239: 220: 4388: 1798:(1782–1821), English porcelain painter, watercolor painter and illustrator 1771: 1662:, became well known for her ceramic portrait plaques, with characteristic 1564: 1398:

Royal Worcester soft-paste tea canister, transfer-printed in black enamel

579:

to obtain Chinese porcelain due to political upheavals. Brightly-coloured

4290: 4246: 4241: 4127: 1963: 1874: 1268: 1069:

Frankenthal, Johann Friedrich Lück, couple with bagpipes and hurdy-gurdy

719: 697: 612: 584: 430: 401: 256: 251: 173:

century European manufacturers had discovered how to make porcelain. The

64: 469:

the use of underglaze cobalt blue decoration became popular. During the

4659: 4221: 1950:(1737–1806), German genre, portrait and porcelain painter, and engraver 682: 627: 596: 592: 557: 454: 341: 306: 235: 149: 114: 3226: 2898: 1715:

The China Decorator, A Monthly Journal Devoted Exclusively to this Art

1292:

porcelain was often embossed and decorated in Oriental patterns. The "

989:

in Munich was renowned for its delicate modeling and fine decoration.

892:

Chinese porcelain with the Grill coat of arms crane made for Sweden's

4091: 4085: 4013: 3723:

Candace Wheeler: The Art and Enterprise of American Design, 1875-1900

1638:, Headmaster of the National Art Training School and director of the 1264: 949:

A first attempt to manufacture porcelain in Europe was undertaken in

799:

dynasty porcelain jar, 17th century, iron-brown underglaze decoration

747: 507: 450: 445: 294: 283: 267: 242:(1733–1797) of Stoke-upon-Trent in England. The basic formula is 50% 126: 102: 1597:

showing arts and crafts suitable for women, including a painted vase

1300:

both manufactured printed blue-and-white pottery with this pattern.

784:

Joseon porcelain pot, iron oxide pattern of plum blossom, and Bamboo

449:

black, green and reddish brown glazes. Some were decorated with the

337:

ware. Most pieces use only one of underglaze or overglaze painting.

4508: 4236: 4079: 3626:"Select Committee of the House of Commons on Arts and Manufactures" 1787: 1341: 1285: 1107: 950: 648: 604: 255:

firing temperature is lower than for hard-paste porcelain, so more

243: 209: 134: 2247: 2245: 2034: 1877:(1750–1881), English china painter at Royal Crown Derby and Minton 1650:

and lustre ware (not the province of the amateur) and the work of

4604: 4568: 4073: 1835:(1848–1932), American painter, specializing in painting ceramics. 1738: 1602: 1360: 1336: 1307:

Worcester Dessert Plate in the Japanese Arita style decorated by

974: 907: 857: 845: 770: 462: 390: 287: 224: 158: 138: 1303: 3630:

The Mechanics' Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal, and Gazette

2242: 1847:(born in Sarawak, Malaysia), entrepreneur and porcelain painter 1647: 811:

Joseon dynasty porcelain bottle, 19th century, blue & white

796: 766: 751: 723: 714: 316: 205: 87: 1865:(1872–1972), Canadian ceramic artist from Halifax, Nova Scotia 1753:

restored it to the status of fine art. In 1979 Chicago wrote,

1449:

Minton vase, bone china, bleu celeste ground, enamel and gilt

713:

began to be exported to Korea in the 3rd century. During the

2693: 2691: 2630: 2628: 2288: 2286: 2284: 1289: 1260: 42: 3982: 3884: 3090: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2640: 2613: 1931:(1849–1932), founder of Rookwood Pottery of Cincinnati, Ohio 1901:(1870–1930), American artist, designer, teacher, and author 228: 216: 3905:

The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty

2688: 2676: 2664: 2652: 2625: 2437: 2281: 1895:(1848–1936), American artist best known as a china painter 1494:

made soft- and hard-paste porcelain, and flourished under

3120: 3108: 2940: 2703: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2178: 2176: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 3556:. Indianapolis Museum of Art. Indiana University Press. 3048: 3036: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2751: 2749: 2601: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2507: 2505: 2490: 2478: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2425: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2217: 2215: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 1889:(1732–87), French porcelain painter who worked at Sèvres 3060: 3024: 2797: 2550: 2257: 2232: 2230: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2109: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2064: 1907:(1770–1823), British enameler noted for flower painting 1883:(1847–1939), American ceramic painter and studio potter 1871:(1808–84), English china and enamel painter, and writer 3902:

Twitchett, Denis C.; Mote, Frederick W. (1998-01-28).

3144: 3079:

Luetta E. Braumuller, The China Decorator Reading Room

2591: 2589: 2562: 2413: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2363: 2173: 2090: 117:), developed in 18th-century Europe. The broader term 3132: 2928: 2916: 2869: 2857: 2821: 2785: 2773: 2761: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2538: 2517: 2502: 2461: 2322: 2269: 2212: 2161: 2140: 2051: 2049: 1841:(1747–1829), French porcelain painter and businessman 2845: 2833: 2809: 2449: 2351: 2310: 2298: 2227: 2200: 2188: 2121: 2061: 1944:), French porcelain painter active from 1741 to 1777 1741:

bowl from Zittau, 1663, with typical outlined design

510:

porcelain bottle, iron-tinted under-glaze decoration

3529: 3096: 2964: 2952: 2904: 2586: 2574: 2401: 2380: 2339: 2040: 109:, developed in China in the 7th or 8th century, or 3853: 3753:. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. 3680: 3369: 3012: 2046: 1919:(1865–1929), American painter, potter and ceramist 3583:The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal: Volume 13, 1985 4821: 4170:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi 1816:(born 1939), American feminist artist and writer 1729: 953:, Italy in the late 16th century, sponsored by 3825:A Handbook to the Practice of Pottery Painting 3777:Pottery and Porcelain of All Times and Nations 3458:Song Blue and White Porcelain on the Silk Road 1632:A Handbook to the Practice of Pottery Painting 856:. A large collection from the Ottoman sultans 825:Chinese porcelain bowl made for Grand Khedive 651:dish, Arita, porcelain with overglaze enamels 3998: 3901: 3852:Stiles, Kristine; Selz, Peter Howard (1996). 3481: 3166: 2697: 2682: 2670: 2658: 2646: 2634: 2619: 2443: 2292: 1913:(1844–1917), a porcelain painter from Austria 1106:around 1730. Many of its pieces was based on 955:Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 3890:. China decorating publishing Company. 1891 3683:The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts 2001:The word "porcelain" comes from the French 1551:Shepherd and shepherdess, Sweden, Marieberg 1473: 526:, foliated dish with underglaze blue design 4005: 3991: 3928: 3860:. University of California Press. p. 3851: 3643: 3576: 3126: 3114: 3054: 3042: 3030: 3006: 2946: 2899:China Painting, Canadian Museum of History 2716: 2496: 2484: 1482:factory founded in 1743 in Naples by King 465:pieces with shadow-blue glazes. Under the 3835:"Simple Directions for Painting on China" 3720:Peck, Amelia; Irish, Carol (2001-01-01). 3719: 3700: 3372:Warman's Antiques & Collectibles 2014 2994: 2982: 2333: 1584: 927: 3935:, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 3832: 3367: 3286: 3066: 2803: 2263: 2182: 2167: 2103: 2005:, which in turns comes from the Italian 1781: 1770: 1733: 1673: 1588: 1302: 1246: 931: 887: 820: 669:Imari ware, Edo period, overglaze enamel 381: 377: 356: 315: 261: 190: 81: 63: 36: 3821: 3707:Porcelain Painters International Online 3678: 3549: 3454: 3427: 3340: 3200: 3150: 3138: 2970: 2568: 2556: 2544: 2532: 2511: 2472: 2455: 2431: 2374: 2251: 2115: 2084: 1766: 1722:were at most 500 competent decorators. 1122:, and hard-paste porcelain was made at 419: 14: 4822: 4337:Chinese porcelain in European painting 3839:Letts's illustrated household magazine 3746: 3661: 3623: 3400: 3259: 3242: 2934: 2922: 2875: 2863: 2851: 2827: 2815: 2791: 2779: 2767: 2755: 2740: 2728: 2357: 2316: 2304: 2275: 2221: 2206: 2194: 2155: 2134: 2072: 1969:Chinese porcelain in European painting 1431:Wedgwood. Sadness, glazed earthenware 327: 4045:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery 3986: 3954: 3794: 3773: 3508: 3313: 3182: 3170:A Beginner's Lesson in China Painting 3102: 3018: 2958: 2910: 2839: 2607: 2595: 2580: 2419: 2407: 2395: 2345: 2236: 2055: 1679:Parliament Buildings and Ottawa River 1271:(1710–62) produced bone china at his 1181:Villeroy Mennecy soft porcelain cock 352: 3801:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 3536:Library of Congress Subject Headings 3407:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 3347:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 3266:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1468:Lambeth Vase, c. 1892, Royal Doulton 876:in 1607–08, is now held in Tehran's 181: 3482:Le Corbeiller, Clare (1974-01-01). 3249:, Committee of Council on Education 883: 24: 4701:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus 4173: 4165: 3828:, London: Lechertier, Barbe and Co 1683:Canadian Historical Dinner Service 1279:(1733–97), who owned a factory in 25: 4851: 4146:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte 3780:. Harper & Brothers. p. 3577:Lippincott, Louise (1985-01-01). 3185:Shah ʻAbbas: The Remaking of Iran 1829:–1874), German porcelain painter. 1242: 987:Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory 685:, late 18th to early 19th century 4760:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics 4178:Meissen hard porcelain vase 1735 3644:McLaughlin, Mary Louise (1877). 3611:The China Decorator Reading Room 3550:Lippert, Catherine Beth (1987). 3201:Charles, Victoria (2011-07-01), 3091:The China Decorator January 1891 1572: 1556: 1544: 1528: 1507: 1461: 1442: 1424: 1409: 1391: 1369: 1216: 1204: 1192: 1174: 1162: 1147: 1080: 1062: 1041: 1019: 994: 804: 789: 777: 759: 740: 690: 674: 662: 641: 620: 549: 531: 515: 496: 485:Tang dynasty glazed earthenware 478: 323:plate with underglaze decoration 3455:Kessler, Adam T. (2012-07-25). 3434:. University of Georgia Press. 3428:Gerhard, Jane F. (2013-06-01). 3376:. Krause Publications. p. 3314:Davis, Emily Elizabeth (2007). 3243:Church, Arthur Herbert (1886), 2012: 1484:Charles IV of Naples and Sicily 1267:. The painter and mezzotintist 1001:Meissen hard porcelain teapots 538:Jingdezhen blue and white ware 121:includes painted decoration on 3932:A handbook of Chinese ceramics 3908:. Cambridge University Press. 3774:Prime, William Cowper (1879). 3726:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 3488:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 3183:Canby, Sheila R., ed. (2009), 2024:paintings of porcelain objects 1995: 1981: 1929:Maria Longworth Nichols Storer 1681:by Martha Logan from the 1897 1169:Chantilly perforated container 1026:Meissen centerpiece and stand 816: 700:ewer, Japan, late 19th century 461:includes the famous decorated 274:Earthenware pottery including 101:, is the decoration of glazed 70:Imperial Porcelain Manufactory 13: 1: 4766:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique 4711:François Xavier d'Entrecolles 4012: 3679:Osborne, Harold, ed. (1975), 3368:Fleisher, Noah (2013-03-29). 3263:Ten Thousand Years of Pottery 3167:Blattenberger, Marci (2014), 1974: 1938: 1823: 1730:Evolving styles and attitudes 1658:Emmet (1854–1948), sister of 1518: 1450: 1432: 1399: 1381: 1311: 1232: 1182: 1070: 1052: 1027: 1009: 1008:decorated in the Netherlands 1002: 940: 916:François Xavier d'Entrecolles 830: 652: 631: 595:blue is traditionally called 539: 486: 73: 55: 4748:Dresden Porcelain Collection 3961:. Chinese University Press. 3822:Sparkes, John C. L. (1879), 3747:Petrie, Kevin (2006-01-25). 3579:"Liotard's "China Painting"" 3530:Library of Congress (2006). 3401:Fraser, Harry (2000-10-20). 3341:Doherty, Jack (2002-05-30). 3232:, Canadian Museum of History 1607:National Art Training School 1595:World's Columbian Exposition 1199:Vincennes, milk jug, 1750–56 1157:soft porcelain spitting bowl 681:Brush holder with Dutchmen, 7: 3958:Studies in Chinese Ceramics 3955:Zheng, Dekun (1984-01-01). 3687:, Oxford University Press, 3207:, Parkstone International, 1957: 1705:In 1887 the ceramic artist 1322:Worcester Porcelain Company 27:Art of painting on ceramics 10: 4856: 4790:Victoria and Albert Museum 3795:Scott, Paul (2002-02-05). 3159: 1636:John Charles Lewis Sparkes 1619:Letts's Household Magazine 1488:Imperial Porcelain Factory 1376:Shepherdess and shepherd, 964: 899: 68:Painters' workshop at the 29: 4796:Museum of Royal Worcester 4772:Musée des Arts Décoratifs 4737:Percival David Foundation 4731:British Museum (London): 4724: 4688: 4642: 4351: 4319: 4310: 4283: 4266: 4259: 4214: 4205:Japanese export porcelain 4192: 4185: 4163: 4060: 4027: 4020: 3287:Copeland, Robert (1998). 3260:Cooper, Emmanuel (2000). 2620:Twitchett & Mote 1998 1987:This article follows the 1211:Sèvres container, 1757–69 1092: 581:Japanese export porcelain 223:that causes the piece to 208:. The clay is mixed with 186: 4706:Johann Friedrich Böttger 4040:Chinese export porcelain 3701:Patterson, Gene (2014). 3509:Lewis, Florence (1883). 3187:, British Museum Press, 2254:, pp. 130–131, 133. 2041:Library of Congress 2006 1707:Luetta Elmina Braumuller 1642:. Sparkes mentioned the 1535:Judgement of Paris from 1514:Still Life – Tea Set by 1474:Other European countries 1353:Arts and Crafts movement 902:Chinese export porcelain 862:Suleiman the Magnificent 705: 583:made around the town of 573: 424: 48:Chinese export porcelain 30:Not to be confused with 3929:Valenstein, S. (1998), 3833:Standage, H.C. (1884). 1917:Adelaïde Alsop Robineau 1899:Henrietta Barclay Paist 1833:Susan Stuart Frackelton 1776:Susan Stuart Frackelton 1251:The Wedgwood rooms 1809 1087:Nymphenburg plates 1899 878:National Museum of Iran 123:lead-glazed earthenware 4179: 4171: 3607:"Luetta E. Braumuller" 3585:. Getty Publications. 3127:Stiles & Selz 1996 3115:Stiles & Selz 1996 1948:Johann Eleazar Zeissig 1881:Mary Louise McLaughlin 1791: 1779: 1760: 1742: 1694:Mary Louise McLaughlin 1685: 1628: 1598: 1593:Catalog from the 1893 1585:Victorian era amateurs 1317: 1252: 1035:Johann Joachim Kändler 979:Johann Joachim Kändler 946: 928:European manufacturing 897: 836: 387: 362: 324: 271: 270:showing Chinese scenes 227:when it is fired in a 200: 91: 86:Porcelain painting in 79: 61: 4177: 4169: 3662:Miller, Fred (1885). 3624:Martin, John (1836). 3538:. Library of Congress 3293:. Osprey Publishing. 2995:Peck & Irish 2001 2983:Peck & Irish 2001 1785: 1774: 1755: 1737: 1711:Monson, Massachusetts 1677: 1640:Lambeth School of Art 1623: 1615:Royal Academy of Arts 1592: 1480:Capodimonte porcelain 1456:(After Sèvres design) 1378:Bow porcelain factory 1306: 1273:Bow porcelain factory 1250: 935: 891: 824: 769:dynasty 12th century 385: 378:Mechanical approaches 360: 319: 265: 194: 85: 67: 40: 4830:East Asian porcelain 4742:The David Collection 4665:Overglaze decoration 4655:Hard-paste porcelain 4650:Soft-paste porcelain 2020:Jean-Étienne Liotard 1893:Clara Chipman Newton 1767:Noted china painters 1646:of the Moors and of 1567:, Sweden before 1882 1563:Lace pattern plate, 1516:Jean-Étienne Liotard 1050:Franz Anton Bustelli 732:1636 Manchu invasion 556:Plate with dragons, 420:East Asian porcelain 154:overglaze decoration 111:soft-paste porcelain 107:hard-paste porcelain 4835:Painting techniques 4599:Bing & Grøndahl 4563:Dihl & Guérhard 4461:Villeroy & Boch 3887:The China Decorator 3515:. Cassell. p. 2610:, pp. 120–121. 1989:Library of Congress 1935:Louis Jean Thévenet 1802:William Billingsley 1786:Ceramic painter in 1719:The China Decorator 1496:Catherine the Great 728:Japan invaded Korea 328:Underglaze painting 4808:Ludwigsburg Palace 4802:Walters Art Museum 4200:Japanese porcelain 4180: 4172: 4070:(16th century BCE) 3798:Ceramics and Print 3703:"Oils and Mediums" 2698:Le Corbeiller 1974 2683:Le Corbeiller 1974 2671:Le Corbeiller 1974 2659:Le Corbeiller 1974 2647:Le Corbeiller 1974 2635:Le Corbeiller 1974 2444:Le Corbeiller 1974 2293:Blattenberger 2014 1820:Philipp Christfeld 1792: 1780: 1743: 1686: 1611:Howell & James 1599: 1318: 1288:to the body. The 1253: 947: 898: 837: 388: 363: 353:Overglaze painting 325: 280:Victorian majolica 276:tin-glazed pottery 272: 201: 131:tin-glazed pottery 99:porcelain painting 92: 80: 62: 4840:Visual arts media 4817: 4816: 4716:Dmitry Vinogradov 4638: 4637: 4611:Wagner & Apel 4327:List of companies 4306: 4305: 4255: 4254: 4161: 4160: 4118:(14th century on) 4112:(14th century on) 4106:(11th century on) 4035:Chinese porcelain 3968:978-962-201-308-7 3915:978-0-521-24333-9 3871:978-0-520-20251-1 3760:978-0-8122-1946-3 3733:978-1-58839-002-8 3592:978-0-89236-090-1 3495:978-0-87099-089-2 3468:978-90-04-23127-6 3441:978-0-8203-4457-7 3404:The Electric Kiln 3387:978-1-4402-3462-0 3327:978-0-549-18371-6 3300:978-0-7478-0364-5 3273:978-0-8122-3554-8 3214:978-1-78042-206-0 3204:Chinese Porcelain 3194:978-0-7141-2452-0 2422:, pp. 27–28. 2018:The Swiss artist 1911:Josef Karl Rädler 1660:Lydia Field Emmet 1652:William De Morgan 1347:During the later 1223:Plate painted by 1132:French Revolution 971:Meissen porcelain 874:Abbas I of Persia 599:. The craftsman 395:Transfer printing 246:cattle bone, 25% 182:Technical aspects 175:Meissen porcelain 163:transfer printing 146:biscuit or bisque 90:, Germany in 1989 16:(Redirected from 4847: 4425:Saint Petersburg 4332:French porcelain 4317: 4316: 4274:Korean porcelain 4264: 4263: 4190: 4189: 4025: 4024: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3859: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3829: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3770: 3768: 3767: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3697: 3686: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3665:Pottery-painting 3658: 3656: 3655: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3573: 3571: 3570: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3532:"China painting" 3526: 3524: 3523: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3451: 3449: 3448: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3375: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3337: 3335: 3334: 3310: 3308: 3307: 3283: 3281: 3280: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3197: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2701: 2695: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2559:, pp. 8–10. 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2515: 2509: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2434:, p. 44–46. 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2378: 2372: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2240: 2234: 2225: 2219: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2180: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2138: 2132: 2119: 2118:, p. 36–38. 2113: 2107: 2101: 2088: 2087:, p. 16–18. 2082: 2076: 2070: 2059: 2053: 2044: 2038: 2027: 2016: 2010: 1999: 1993: 1985: 1943: 1940: 1887:Jean-Louis Morin 1863:Alice Mary Hagen 1828: 1825: 1576: 1560: 1548: 1539:factory, c. 1801 1537:Naples porcelain 1532: 1523: 1520: 1511: 1492:Saint Petersburg 1465: 1455: 1452: 1446: 1437: 1434: 1428: 1413: 1404: 1401: 1395: 1386: 1383: 1373: 1316: 1313: 1237: 1234: 1220: 1208: 1196: 1187: 1184: 1178: 1166: 1151: 1112:Mennecy-Villeroy 1084: 1075: 1072: 1066: 1057: 1054: 1045: 1032: 1029: 1023: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1004: 998: 983:Seven Years' War 959:Medici porcelain 945: 942: 937:Medici porcelain 884:European exports 835: 832: 808: 793: 781: 763: 750:made during the 744: 711:Chinese ceramics 694: 678: 666: 657: 654: 645: 636: 633: 624: 601:Sakaida Kakiemon 553: 544: 541: 535: 519: 500: 491: 488: 482: 219:. The frit is a 119:ceramic painting 78: 75: 60: 57: 32:Chinese painting 21: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4754:Gardiner Museum 4733:Asia Department 4720: 4684: 4634: 4575:Hutschenreuther 4347: 4344: 4302: 4279: 4276: 4251: 4210: 4207: 4181: 4157: 4056: 4053: 4016: 4011: 3981: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3893: 3891: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3843: 3841: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3786: 3784: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3750:Glass and Print 3738: 3736: 3734: 3711: 3709: 3695: 3670: 3668: 3653: 3651: 3635: 3633: 3615: 3613: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3541: 3539: 3521: 3519: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3252: 3250: 3235: 3233: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3195: 3175: 3173: 3162: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3137: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3055:McLaughlin 1877 3053: 3049: 3043:McLaughlin 1877 3041: 3037: 3031:McLaughlin 1877 3029: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3007:McLaughlin 1877 3005: 3001: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2947:Lippincott 1985 2945: 2941: 2933: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2897: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2826: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2754: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2727: 2723: 2717:Lippincott 1985 2715: 2704: 2696: 2689: 2681: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2653: 2645: 2641: 2633: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2531: 2518: 2510: 2503: 2497:Valenstein 1998 2495: 2491: 2485:Valenstein 1998 2483: 2479: 2471: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2381: 2373: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2340: 2332: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2250: 2243: 2235: 2228: 2220: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2181: 2174: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2141: 2133: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2091: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2062: 2054: 2047: 2043:, p. 1310. 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2017: 2013: 2000: 1996: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1960: 1954: 1941: 1826: 1769: 1732: 1692:, the American 1664:Aesthetic-style 1587: 1580: 1577: 1568: 1561: 1552: 1549: 1540: 1533: 1524: 1521: 1512: 1476: 1469: 1466: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1438: 1435: 1429: 1420: 1414: 1405: 1402: 1396: 1387: 1384: 1374: 1351:in Britain the 1333:Josiah Wedgwood 1314: 1245: 1238: 1235: 1221: 1212: 1209: 1200: 1197: 1188: 1185: 1179: 1170: 1167: 1158: 1152: 1095: 1088: 1085: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1058: 1055: 1046: 1037: 1030: 1024: 1015: 1012: 1005: 999: 967: 943: 930: 904: 886: 864:is held by the 833: 819: 812: 809: 800: 794: 785: 782: 773: 764: 755: 745: 708: 701: 695: 686: 679: 670: 667: 658: 655: 646: 637: 634: 630:porcelain bowl 625: 589:Imari porcelain 576: 569: 554: 545: 542: 536: 527: 520: 511: 501: 492: 489: 483: 459:Jingdezhen ware 427: 422: 413:Screen printing 380: 355: 335:Royal Worcester 330: 197:Royal Worcester 189: 184: 167:screen printing 76: 58: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4853: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4784:Topkapı Palace 4781: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4670:China painting 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4321: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4300: 4299:(14th century) 4294: 4293:(10th century) 4287: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4277: 4270: 4268: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4194: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4154:(18th century) 4149: 4148:(17th century) 4143: 4142:(17th century) 4137: 4136:(17th century) 4131: 4130:(16th century) 4125: 4124:(16th century) 4119: 4116:Blanc de Chine 4113: 4110:Blue and white 4107: 4101: 4100:(12th century) 4095: 4094:(10th century) 4089: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4031: 4029: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4010: 4009: 4002: 3995: 3987: 3980: 3979: 3967: 3952: 3941: 3926: 3914: 3899: 3882: 3870: 3849: 3830: 3819: 3807: 3792: 3771: 3759: 3744: 3732: 3717: 3698: 3693: 3676: 3659: 3641: 3621: 3603: 3591: 3574: 3562: 3547: 3527: 3512:China painting 3506: 3494: 3479: 3467: 3452: 3440: 3425: 3413: 3398: 3386: 3365: 3353: 3338: 3326: 3311: 3299: 3284: 3272: 3257: 3240: 3229:China Painting 3224: 3213: 3198: 3193: 3180: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3153:, p. 226. 3143: 3131: 3129:, p. 358. 3119: 3117:, p. 291. 3107: 3095: 3093:, p. 120. 3083: 3071: 3069:, p. 220. 3059: 3047: 3035: 3023: 3011: 2999: 2997:, p. 180. 2987: 2985:, p. 181. 2975: 2963: 2951: 2949:, p. 122. 2939: 2937:, p. 173. 2927: 2925:, p. 171. 2915: 2903: 2880: 2878:, p. 110. 2868: 2866:, p. 109. 2856: 2844: 2842:, p. 321. 2832: 2830:, p. 238. 2820: 2808: 2806:, p. 272. 2796: 2794:, p. 169. 2784: 2782:, p. 167. 2772: 2770:, p. 166. 2760: 2758:, p. 165. 2745: 2743:, p. 164. 2733: 2731:, p. 163. 2721: 2719:, p. 121. 2702: 2687: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2649:, p. 2–3. 2639: 2624: 2622:, p. 379. 2612: 2600: 2585: 2573: 2571:, p. 339. 2561: 2549: 2537: 2516: 2501: 2489: 2477: 2460: 2448: 2436: 2424: 2412: 2400: 2379: 2377:, p. 173. 2362: 2350: 2338: 2334:Patterson 2014 2321: 2309: 2297: 2280: 2278:, p. 138. 2268: 2266:, p. 219. 2256: 2241: 2239:, p. 5–6. 2226: 2224:, p. 137. 2211: 2199: 2187: 2172: 2160: 2158:, p. 174. 2139: 2137:, p. 161. 2120: 2108: 2106:, p. 218. 2089: 2077: 2075:, p. 160. 2060: 2045: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2011: 1994: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1945: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1845:Lynda Ghazzali 1842: 1839:Louis Gerverot 1836: 1830: 1817: 1811: 1808:Franz Bischoff 1805: 1799: 1768: 1765: 1731: 1728: 1699:muffle furnace 1586: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1571: 1569: 1562: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1543: 1541: 1534: 1527: 1525: 1513: 1506: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1460: 1458: 1448: 1441: 1439: 1430: 1423: 1421: 1417:Willow pattern 1415: 1408: 1406: 1397: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1765–70 1375: 1368: 1315: 1765–70 1294:willow pattern 1281:Stoke-on-Trent 1244: 1243:United Kingdom 1241: 1240: 1239: 1225:Raphaël Collin 1222: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1191: 1189: 1180: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1161: 1159: 1153: 1146: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1079: 1077: 1068: 1061: 1059: 1047: 1040: 1038: 1025: 1018: 1016: 1000: 993: 966: 963: 929: 926: 900:Main article: 885: 882: 870:Ardabil Shrine 866:Topkapı Palace 818: 815: 814: 813: 810: 803: 801: 795: 788: 786: 783: 776: 774: 765: 758: 756: 746: 739: 707: 704: 703: 702: 696: 689: 687: 680: 673: 671: 668: 661: 659: 647: 640: 638: 626: 619: 609:Nabeshima ware 575: 572: 571: 570: 566:Kangxi Emperor 555: 548: 546: 537: 530: 528: 521: 514: 512: 506:(960-1279 AD) 502: 495: 493: 490: 675-750 484: 477: 426: 423: 421: 418: 379: 376: 354: 351: 329: 326: 188: 185: 183: 180: 95:China painting 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4852: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4810:(Ludwigsburg) 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4778:Palace Museum 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4342:Armorial ware 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4168: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4088:(6th century) 4087: 4084: 4082:(2nd century) 4081: 4078: 4076:(1st century) 4075: 4072: 4069: 4068:Proto-celadon 4066: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4050:Fonthill Vase 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4008: 4003: 4001: 3996: 3994: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3970: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3953: 3944: 3942:9780870995149 3938: 3934: 3933: 3927: 3917: 3911: 3907: 3906: 3900: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3857: 3850: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3820: 3810: 3808:0-8122-1800-0 3804: 3800: 3799: 3793: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3772: 3762: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3745: 3735: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3718: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3696: 3690: 3685: 3684: 3677: 3667: 3666: 3660: 3649: 3648: 3642: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3565: 3563:0-936260-11-4 3559: 3555: 3554: 3548: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3507: 3497: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3480: 3470: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3453: 3443: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3426: 3416: 3414:0-8122-1758-6 3410: 3406: 3405: 3399: 3389: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3373: 3366: 3356: 3354:0-8122-1827-2 3350: 3346: 3345: 3339: 3329: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3312: 3302: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3285: 3275: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3258: 3248: 3247: 3241: 3231: 3230: 3225: 3216: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3172: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3152: 3147: 3141:, p. 80. 3140: 3135: 3128: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3105:, p. 29. 3104: 3099: 3092: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3068: 3067:Standage 1884 3063: 3057:, p. 11. 3056: 3051: 3045:, p. 10. 3044: 3039: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3009:, p. 14. 3008: 3003: 2996: 2991: 2984: 2979: 2972: 2967: 2961:, p. 31. 2960: 2955: 2948: 2943: 2936: 2931: 2924: 2919: 2913:, p. 32. 2912: 2907: 2900: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2877: 2872: 2865: 2860: 2854:, p. 80. 2853: 2848: 2841: 2836: 2829: 2824: 2818:, p. 79. 2817: 2812: 2805: 2804:Fleisher 2013 2800: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2769: 2764: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2742: 2737: 2730: 2725: 2718: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2684: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2660: 2655: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2621: 2616: 2609: 2604: 2598:, p. 92. 2597: 2592: 2590: 2583:, p. 90. 2582: 2577: 2570: 2565: 2558: 2553: 2547:, p. 14. 2546: 2541: 2535:, p. 13. 2534: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2514:, p. 11. 2513: 2508: 2506: 2499:, p. 92. 2498: 2493: 2487:, p. 89. 2486: 2481: 2475:, p. 10. 2474: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2457: 2452: 2445: 2440: 2433: 2428: 2421: 2416: 2410:, p. 24. 2409: 2404: 2398:, p. 27. 2397: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2360:, p. 14. 2359: 2354: 2348:, p. 28. 2347: 2342: 2335: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2319:, p. 40. 2318: 2313: 2307:, p. 41. 2306: 2301: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2277: 2272: 2265: 2264:Standage 1884 2260: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2209:, p. 95. 2208: 2203: 2197:, p. 94. 2196: 2191: 2185:, p. 28. 2184: 2183:Copeland 1998 2179: 2177: 2169: 2168:Copeland 1998 2164: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2136: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2117: 2112: 2105: 2104:Standage 1884 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2086: 2081: 2074: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2058:, p. 30. 2057: 2052: 2050: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1905:Thomas Pardoe 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1796:Thomas Baxter 1794: 1793: 1790:, Spain, 1979 1789: 1784: 1777: 1773: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1740: 1736: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1596: 1591: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1559: 1554: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1531: 1526: 1517: 1510: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1464: 1459: 1445: 1440: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1412: 1407: 1394: 1389: 1379: 1372: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1357:Royal Doulton 1354: 1350: 1349:Victorian era 1345: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1323: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1299: 1298:Thomas Minton 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1257:Staffordshire 1249: 1230: 1229:Théodore Deck 1226: 1219: 1214: 1207: 1202: 1195: 1190: 1177: 1172: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1140:Théodore Deck 1137: 1133: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1083: 1078: 1065: 1060: 1051: 1048:Nymphenburg, 1044: 1039: 1036: 1022: 1017: 997: 992: 991: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 973:factory near 972: 962: 960: 956: 952: 938: 934: 925: 922: 917: 912: 909: 903: 895: 890: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 850: 847: 842: 828: 823: 807: 802: 798: 792: 787: 780: 775: 772: 768: 762: 757: 753: 749: 743: 738: 737: 736: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 712: 699: 693: 688: 684: 677: 672: 665: 660: 650: 644: 639: 629: 623: 618: 617: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 567: 563: 559: 552: 547: 534: 529: 525: 518: 513: 509: 505: 499: 494: 481: 476: 475: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 442: 440: 436: 432: 417: 414: 410: 406: 403: 399: 396: 392: 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Retrieved 3262: 3251:, retrieved 3245: 3234:, retrieved 3228: 3218:, retrieved 3203: 3184: 3174:, retrieved 3169: 3151:Gerhard 2013 3146: 3139:Gerhard 2013 3134: 3122: 3110: 3098: 3086: 3074: 3062: 3050: 3038: 3033:, p. 9. 3026: 3021:, p. 7. 3014: 3002: 2990: 2978: 2971:Sparkes 1879 2966: 2954: 2942: 2930: 2918: 2906: 2871: 2859: 2847: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2799: 2787: 2775: 2763: 2736: 2724: 2700:, p. 9. 2685:, p. 7. 2678: 2673:, p. 4. 2666: 2661:, p. 3. 2654: 2642: 2637:, p. 2. 2615: 2603: 2576: 2569:Kessler 2012 2564: 2557:Charles 2011 2552: 2545:Doherty 2002 2540: 2533:Doherty 2002 2512:Doherty 2002 2492: 2480: 2473:Doherty 2002 2458:, p. 9. 2456:Doherty 2002 2451: 2446:, p. 5. 2439: 2432:Charles 2011 2427: 2415: 2403: 2375:Lippert 1987 2353: 2341: 2312: 2300: 2295:, p. 2. 2271: 2259: 2252:Osborne 1975 2202: 2190: 2170:, p. 4. 2163: 2116:Charles 2011 2111: 2085:Charles 2011 2080: 2036: 2014: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1983: 1953: 1923:John Stinton 1857:Gitta Gyenes 1814:Judy Chicago 1761: 1756: 1751:Judy Chicago 1748: 1744: 1724: 1718: 1714: 1704: 1689: 1688:In her 1877 1687: 1678: 1669: 1656: 1631: 1629: 1624: 1618: 1600: 1477: 1346: 1331: 1319: 1277:Josiah Spode 1254: 1231:'s workshop 1136:Saint-Yrieix 1128: 1096: 968: 948: 921:famille rose 913: 905: 896:in the 1700s 894:Grill family 854:Tang dynasty 851: 840: 838: 709: 587:were called 577: 562:Qing dynasty 524:Yuan dynasty 522:Jingdezhen, 504:Song dynasty 471:Ming dynasty 467:Yuan dynasty 443: 439:Song dynasty 435:Tang dynasty 428: 411: 407: 400: 389: 372: 368: 364: 339: 331: 321:Ming dynasty 304: 292: 273: 257:metal oxides 240:Josiah Spode 233: 214: 202: 171: 143: 118: 98: 94: 93: 41: 4804:(Baltimore) 4798:(Worcester) 4725:Collections 4491:Ludwigsburg 4473:Frankenthal 4449:Nymphenburg 4443:Fürstenberg 4419:Capodimonte 4371:Saint-Cloud 3650:. R. Clarke 3632:. M. Salmon 2935:Cooper 2000 2923:Cooper 2000 2876:Martin 1836 2864:Martin 1836 2852:Church 1886 2828:Cooper 2000 2816:Church 1886 2792:Cooper 2000 2780:Cooper 2000 2768:Cooper 2000 2756:Cooper 2000 2741:Cooper 2000 2729:Cooper 2000 2358:Petrie 2006 2317:Miller 1885 2305:Miller 1885 2276:Miller 1885 2222:Miller 1885 2207:Fraser 2000 2195:Fraser 2000 2156:Cooper 2000 2135:Cooper 2000 2073:Cooper 2000 1964:Ceramic art 1942: 1778 1875:Samuel Keys 1869:John Haslem 1851:James Giles 1827: 1796 1778:(1848–1932) 1522: 1782 1500:Alexander I 1454: 1855 1436: 1795 1403: 1768 1327:James Giles 1309:James Giles 1269:Thomas Frye 1236: 1880 1186: 1750 1155:Saint-Cloud 1099:Saint-Cloud 1074: 1760 1056: 1760 1033:modeled by 1031: 1737 1013: 1735 1006: 1720 944: 1580 834: 1853 817:Middle East 720:King Sejong 698:Hirado ware 656: 1670 635: 1640 613:Hirado ware 568:(1662–1722) 564:, reign of 543: 1335 431:Han dynasty 402:Lithography 299:glaze fired 252:feldspathic 77: 1830 59: 1680 4824:Categories 4786:(Istanbul) 4660:Bone china 4545:Copenhagen 4539:Loosdrecht 4521:Wallendorf 4104:Jingdezhen 3974:2014-11-29 3948:2016-09-17 3921:2014-11-29 3894:2014-11-26 3877:2014-11-26 3844:2014-11-27 3814:2014-11-29 3787:2014-12-01 3766:2014-12-01 3739:2014-11-27 3712:2014-11-26 3694:0198661134 3671:2014-11-26 3654:2014-11-26 3636:2014-11-27 3616:2014-11-26 3598:2014-11-27 3569:2014-12-01 3542:2014-11-26 3522:2014-11-26 3501:2014-11-28 3474:2014-11-29 3447:2014-11-27 3420:2014-11-28 3393:2014-12-01 3360:2014-11-29 3333:2014-11-27 3306:2014-11-28 3279:2014-11-28 3253:2014-12-01 3236:2014-11-26 3220:2014-11-28 3176:2014-11-26 3103:Davis 2007 3019:Lewis 1883 2959:Davis 2007 2911:Davis 2007 2840:Prime 1879 2608:Canby 2009 2596:Zheng 1984 2581:Zheng 1984 2420:Scott 2002 2408:Scott 2002 2396:Scott 2002 2346:Scott 2002 2237:Lewis 1883 2056:Davis 2007 2007:porcellana 2003:porcelaine 1975:References 1644:tin-enamel 1621:in 1884, 1124:Strasbourg 827:Said Pasha 683:Arita ware 628:Imari ware 597:Arita ware 593:underglaze 558:Jingdezhen 455:Jingdezhen 391:Stenciling 342:refractory 307:underglaze 236:bone china 199:bone china 159:stenciling 150:Underglaze 115:bone china 72:in Vienna 4780:(Beijing) 4756:(Toronto) 4750:(Dresden) 4623:Porsgrund 4617:Rosenthal 4557:Hollóháza 4467:Worcester 4407:Vincennes 4395:Chantilly 4389:Rörstrand 4232:Nabeshima 4014:Porcelain 3461:. BRILL. 3344:Porcelain 1713:launched 1565:Rörstrand 1265:Liverpool 1116:Vincennes 1104:Chantilly 829:of Egypt 748:Maebyeong 508:Ding ware 451:sgraffito 311:overglaze 295:stoneware 284:Delftware 268:Delftware 127:creamware 103:porcelain 4792:(London) 4762:(Moscow) 4696:Chinamen 4629:Augarten 4509:Wedgwood 4455:Plymouth 4320:General: 4267:General: 4237:Kakiemon 4193:General: 4028:General: 1958:See also 1788:Valencia 1342:Wedgwood 1286:feldspar 1108:Kakiemon 951:Florence 872:by Shah 649:Kakiemon 605:Kakiemon 244:calcined 210:petuntse 195:Vintage 135:maiolica 133:such as 125:such as 4774:(Paris) 4768:(Paris) 4675:Biscuit 4605:Zsolnay 4581:Doulton 4569:Mintons 4533:Limoges 4431:Mennecy 4413:Chelsea 4377:Meissen 4098:Qingbai 4074:Celadon 3160:Sources 1937:(1705– 1739:Faience 1603:Mintons 1361:Mintons 1337:Burslem 975:Dresden 965:Germany 957:. The " 908:carrack 858:Selim I 846:Samarra 771:celadon 754:dynasty 463:Qingbai 288:faience 225:vitrify 139:faience 113:(often 54:period 46:plate, 4689:People 4631:(1923) 4625:(1885) 4619:(1879) 4613:(1877) 4607:(1853) 4601:(1853) 4595:(1826) 4593:Herend 4589:(1822) 4587:Lichte 4583:(1815) 4577:(1814) 4571:(1793) 4565:(1781) 4559:(1777) 4553:(1775) 4547:(1775) 4541:(1774) 4535:(1771) 4529:(1768) 4523:(1764) 4517:(1763) 4515:Berlin 4511:(1759) 4505:(1760) 4503:Retiro 4499:(1759) 4493:(1758) 4487:(1757) 4481:(1756) 4479:Sèvres 4475:(1755) 4469:(1751) 4463:(1748) 4457:(1748) 4451:(1747) 4445:(1747) 4439:(1747) 4433:(1745) 4427:(1744) 4421:(1743) 4415:(1743) 4409:(1740) 4403:(1735) 4401:Doccia 4397:(1730) 4391:(1726) 4385:(1718) 4383:Vienna 4379:(1710) 4373:(1693) 4367:(1673) 4361:(1575) 4359:Medici 4352:Types: 4312:Europe 4297:Joseon 4291:Goryeo 4284:Types: 4247:Hirado 4242:Kutani 4215:Types: 4152:Canton 4140:Kangxi 4134:Tianqi 4128:Swatow 4061:Types: 4052:(1338) 3965: 3939: 3912: 3868: 3805: 3757: 3730: 3691: 3589: 3560: 3492: 3465: 3438: 3411: 3384: 3351: 3324: 3297: 3270: 3211: 3191: 1648:Gubbio 1120:Sèvres 1093:France 797:Joseon 767:Goryeo 752:Goryeo 724:Joseon 715:Goryeo 206:kaolin 187:Bodies 88:Weimar 52:Kangxi 4527:Revol 4497:Weesp 4485:Derby 4365:Rouen 4260:Korea 4227:Imari 4222:Arita 4186:Japan 4122:Kraak 4021:China 3290:Spode 1419:plate 1290:Spode 1261:Derby 939:bowl 841:chini 706:Korea 585:Arita 574:Japan 425:China 293:With 97:, or 43:Wucai 4092:Ding 4086:Xing 3963:ISBN 3937:ISBN 3910:ISBN 3866:ISBN 3803:ISBN 3755:ISBN 3728:ISBN 3689:ISBN 3587:ISBN 3558:ISBN 3490:ISBN 3463:ISBN 3436:ISBN 3409:ISBN 3382:ISBN 3349:ISBN 3322:ISBN 3295:ISBN 3268:ISBN 3209:ISBN 3189:ISBN 1359:and 1320:The 1263:and 1114:and 969:The 860:and 611:and 446:Ding 444:The 309:and 286:and 229:kiln 221:flux 217:frit 165:and 4437:Bow 4080:Yue 3862:291 3782:321 3378:272 1709:of 1634:by 1490:at 722:of 137:or 129:or 4826:: 4735:/ 3864:. 3837:. 3705:. 3628:. 3609:. 3581:. 3534:. 3380:. 3320:. 2883:^ 2748:^ 2705:^ 2690:^ 2627:^ 2588:^ 2519:^ 2504:^ 2463:^ 2382:^ 2365:^ 2324:^ 2283:^ 2244:^ 2229:^ 2214:^ 2175:^ 2142:^ 2123:^ 2092:^ 2063:^ 2048:^ 2026:. 1939:c. 1824:c. 1609:. 1519:c. 1451:c. 1433:c. 1400:c. 1382:c. 1380:, 1312:c. 1259:, 1233:c. 1227:, 1183:c. 1126:. 1071:c. 1053:c. 1028:c. 1010:c. 1003:c. 941:c. 831:c. 653:c. 632:c. 560:, 540:c. 487:c. 282:, 278:, 169:. 161:, 148:. 141:. 74:c. 56:c. 50:, 4006:e 3999:t 3992:v 3977:. 3924:. 3897:. 3880:. 3847:. 3817:. 3790:. 3769:. 3742:. 3715:. 3674:. 3657:. 3639:. 3619:. 3601:. 3572:. 3545:. 3525:. 3517:5 3504:. 3477:. 3450:. 3423:. 3396:. 3363:. 3336:. 3309:. 3282:. 3081:. 2973:. 2901:. 2336:. 1822:( 1118:- 34:. 20:)

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