549:
noted that on
Tuesday, negotiations appeared to be "at an impasse", and the majority of CTU's 40-person bargaining team was not expected to return to the negotiating table. CTU President Sharkey expressed that the proposed contract did "...not have adequate enforcement mechanisms on staffing." After negotiations had ended Tuesday evening, several issues remained unresolved, such as class-size caps, the duration of the contract, salaries, and health benefits. At this point, teachers planned to keep the strike going until at least Thursday the 24th, or longer if necessary. On Wednesday, October 23, 2019, negotiations continued at Malcolm X College. Teachers only picketed in front of schools until 8:00 a.m. local time. Then, they proceeded to rally in the downtown Loop and converge in front of the
508:
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members were arrested when they did a sit-in located in the lobby of the
Sterling Bay Headquarters. Chicago police said they were called just before 2 p.m. to a building in the 1300 block of West Fulton "where numerous individuals were inside and refusing to leave." "Police gave the offenders warnings to leave the building, which were refused," a statement from Chicago Police News Affairs read. Finally, during a House of Delegates vote in October 30, the union agreed to accept a tentative agreement in a 362–242 vote. A press conference later that night reinforced the mayor's stance that the days missed during the strike would not be made up.
1365:(2008), p. 15. "Black teachers also enjoyed fewer career prospects than did white teachers. With only two black high schools in the city, DuSable and Wendell Phillips, the vast majority of black teachers worked in elementary schools even if they were trained for better-paying high school work. Out of 321 black teachers who worked in the Chicago public school system in 1934, 285 of them taught in the elementary schools. With fewer opportunities for African American high school teachers, many qualified teachers from the South had to work as substitutes or take other jobs in Chicago until teaching positions opened up for them."
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planned. This tentative agreement did not hold, however, and the strike continued, at which point Mayor
Emanuel announced his intention to seek a legal injunction, forcing teachers back to work. On September 17, 2012, Mayor Emanuel's efforts to end the strike stalled as the walkout went into the second week. Delegates from the CTU voted to end the strike on September 18, 2012. Students began their return to the schools on Wednesday, September 19, 2012. The CTU was still required to ratify the contract with the Union's 29,000 teachers.
27:
590:(2008), pp. 3–4. "In addition to the issue of unionization, scholars have debated whether teachers joined unions to pursue monetary gains or to reform the public schools. Since teachers founded the AFT in 1916, the organization has portrayed itself as a union fighting for better salaries and benefits for its members and improvements in the public schools. Indeed, teachers' unions across the land asserted that they wanted improved pay and conditions for teachers in order to provide quality education for the students."
449:
260:.) Soon after the convention (which decided to stay in the AFL), the Chicago Teachers Union was officially chartered by the AFT as an amalgamation of Chicago's multiple teacher unions in Chicago. At this point about 3,500 teachers were members of the new Local. The Chicago Teachers Union was formally established as a merger of the Men's Teachers Union, Federation of Women High School Teachers, Elementary Teachers Union, and Playground Teachers Union at a meeting held at the
536:. Later that afternoon, CPS announced that classes had been cancelled for the following day, as even though negotiations seemed to be progressing, there was no foreseeable agreement in the near feature. On Friday, October 18, 2019, teachers continued on the second day of the strike, meaning that students had attended school two days (Tuesday and Wednesday) out of the five days from October 14–18 (CPS students did not go to school on Monday due to the observance of
553:. Lightfoot presented her 2020 city budget plan Wednesday evening, at the end of the fifth school day of the strike. Emails and phone calls were disseminated to students and parents, informing them that classes were canceled for Thursday, October 24, as both the CTU and CPS still did not expect an agreement any time soon. The following day, on Thursday the 24th, teachers returned to the picket lines at 7:00 a.m., and the president of the
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letter I received today dashed my hope for a quick settlement." That afternoon, Mayor
Lightfoot canceled CPS classes for Tuesday, stating that "...CTU has not scheduled a House of Delegates vote, which would be necessary to end their strike... As a result, it will not be possible to hold classes tomorrow." The next day, Tuesday, October 22, 2019, negotiations continued, and 2020 democratic presidential primary candidate
540:). That weekend, CTU and CPS continued negotiating. While both sides noted progress over Saturday, Lightfoot noted that she would be "...very surprised if classes open on Monday." The following day, Sunday, October 20, 2019, CPS canceled school for Monday the 21st. Even though tentative agreements had been made on eight points, CPS canceled school for Monday as CTU had not voted to end the strike yet.
190:. The union has consistently fought for improved pay, benefits, and job security for its members, and it has resisted efforts to vary teacher pay based on performance evaluations. It has also pushed for improvements in the Chicago schools, and since its inception argued that its activities benefited students as well as teachers.
728:
As preliminary lines formed for the battle over union affiliation, it appeared certain that delegates of New York City Local 5, representing 6,000 members, would take the leadership in the drive for C.I.O. affiliation. It became equally evident that the
Chicago delegation, representing 7,000 members,
464:
On
September 10, 2012, the Chicago Teachers Union began a strike after CTU President Lewis declared that negotiations with the city were not succeeding. This strike was the CTU's first since 1987, and the first strike ever for many of the teachers involved. Regulations required them to make contract
460:
Under the leadership of CORE, the CTU pushed hard in negotiations with the city. Early on, the CTU made the decision to decline an offer of pay increases combined with layoffs. When the city would not agree to the CTU's core demands, including an expansion of programs like art and music at the city's
353:
rights in the 1960s, staging huge demonstrations at the
Chicago Board of Education. Pressure increased after the New York recognized collective bargaining rights for the UFT in 1961, and the CTU threatened an illegal strike in 1963–1964 if the School Board would not grant it the same status. The city
565:
training for its members at the CTU headquarters at 3:00 p.m., suggesting a prolonged strike. On
October 29, The CTU and SEIU marched to the Sterling Bay headquarters to demand that the development return TIF funds given to the company that should have gone to schools. At the development, 9 CTU
519:
spoke at a rally hosted by CTU and SEIU Local 73 in preparation of the strike on
September 24. On September 27, 2019, CTU members voted to authorize a potential strike starting on October 17 if a contract deal is not reached. The union's top priorities in contract negotiations are reducing classroom
492:
Following the expiration of the contract in June 2015, CPS teachers continued to work without a contract for a year while the union and district negotiated. In
September 2016, union members voted overwhelmingly to strike if an agreement could not be reached, setting a deadline of October 11. Minutes
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in major US cities to underscore the belief that community collaboration is key in creating beneficial changes in education, as opposed to top-down imposition by governors or mayors. The Union planned to hold town hall meetings in Chicago, Cleveland, Minneapolis, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia,
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CORE quickly took action to distinguish itself from UPC, reaffirm its grassroots support, and launch a campaign to defend public education. The new leadership cut pay for union officers and used the savings to expand outreach. Former CTU member John A. Ostenburg criticized Lewis and CORE in 2011 for
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to station an officer in each of Chicago's 43 high schools; CPD refused. The CTU continued to pursue the school violence issue, insisting that teachers were being attacked by dangerous youths. During this period the union also sought shorter hours for students and teachers. It also called attention
293:
In 1948, amid small-scale sickouts and walkouts, the CTU authorized a strike when teachers experienced still more 'payless paydays' due to city neglect. The strike was averted hours before it was scheduled to begin, when the school board approved a new budget and announced that the checks due to the
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announced that CPS would not add any makeup days for any school days lost during the strike, stating that "There's no plan to make up any days... We want to make sure we get a deal done." At the time, Illinois state law required that all school districts in Illinois include at least 176 days in the
367:
In 2010, the Caucus of Rank and File Educators (CORE), led by President Karen Lewis gained control over the CTU by winning 60% of the vote in a run-off election. CORE ran an aggressive grassroots organizing campaign, and took a strong stance against school privatization. CORE accused the incumbent
317:
The CTU's first president was John Fewkes. Fewkes had been the most prominent leader of "Voluntary Emergency Committee" (VEC), a male-dominated group that formed in 1933 and gained prominence by advocating and coordinating militant action. The VEC had been aggressive but not radical, and explicitly
543:
On Monday, October 21, 2019, CTU members entered the third school day and second calendar week of the strike. Negotiations between CPS and CTU continued, and Lightfoot sent the union a letter asking them to end the strike while negotiations continued. CTU president Jesse Sharkey noted that "...the
340:
Most of Chicago's public school teachers were white single women. Public school teacher was also the most common occupation for black women in Chicago, who were treated by CPS as second-class job candidates: qualified black high school teachers worked in elementary schools or as substitutes; some
548:
joined the striking teachers. Later, Mayor Lightfoot canceled CPS classes for Wednesday, October 23, stating once again that "...CTU has not scheduled a House of Delegates vote, which would be necessary to end their strike... As a result, it will not be possible to hold classes tomorrow." It was
475:
On September 14, 2012, the teachers reached a tentative agreement with the city, which included preferences for teachers who have been laid off due to a school closing to be hired in another school, and student test scores having less of a role in teacher evaluations than the city had originally
289:
rights early on, but Superintendent William Johnson refused to grant them. The union also targeted evaluations (for teachers who wanted to become principals) that it said were administered in a corrupt fashion. By 1939, the CTU had more than doubled in size, to 8,500 members, and organized its
468:
The striking teachers also wanted to call attention to a number of education issues, particularly what they defined as a broad attack on public schooling by corporate privatizers. In particular they demand a decrease in high-stakes testing for students, and an increase in music, art, and gym
392:
In spring of 2018, the Chicago Teachers Union and Chicago Association of Charter Teachers and Staff Local 4343 voted to merge, with the charter educators forming a new division within the CTU. On December 4, 2018, CTU members at the Acero charter school network initiated the first strike at a
276:
When the CTU formed, teachers had become disillusioned about their status as a special class of workers. Some elementary school teachers were paid less than janitors, and more teachers came to agree that they experienced discrimination because they were female. (Meanwhile, male teachers felt
243:
By the 1930s, Chicago teachers had formed several other different unions, some of which were still segregated by gender. Unrest in the early 1930s served to unite these groups, which previously had difficulty cooperating. The Chicago Teachers Federation played an active role in the
332:. By 1947, he had returned to the CTU for a second term as its president. In 1950, the CTU governing board approved a constitutional amendment to remove limitations on presidential terms; John Fewkes was thereby allowed to run again, and remained CTU president until 1966.
1637:
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unionized charter school in US history. The strike ended December 9, 2018, in a major victory with the strikers who won sanctuary school protections for their students, enforceable reductions in class size and parity with the existing pay scale at district-run schools.
325:, the New York College Teachers Union and Philadelphia Teachers Union from the AFT. The three expelled Locals were large, representing about one quarter of the AFT's members, but the CTU was larger, and its votes were decisive in accomplishing the expulsion.
520:
size and increasing the number of support staff (such as nurses and social workers). On October 16, 2019, CPS cancelled classes for October 17, 2019, in anticipation of the CTU strike. CTU delegates officially voted to go on strike hours afterwards. Mayor
603:(2008), pp. 1–2. "In the early years of the twentieth century, the center of teacher unionism was found in Chicago. The CTU attracted a majority of Chicago teachers and remained the largest and most influential AFT local until the 1960s."
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averted a strike by agreeing to negotiate, and, after long delays (including litigation from a rival union, the Chicago Education Association), the CTU became the official bargaining agent of Chicago teachers in April 1966.
1717:"Strikewatch: The first Chicago strikes were 'illegal...' How Chicago teachers make a strike.... The first thing it's about is no longer working on the boss's terms for the boss's offer and taking the boss's insults"
220:. It has more than 25,000 members. Current officers come from the Caucus of Rank-and-File Educators, elected in 2010 to replace the longstanding United Progressive Caucus. From that point until her 2018 retirement,
1940:
228:, Vice President Stacy Davis Gates, Recording Secretary Michael Brunson and Financial Secretary Maria Moreno. Following the departure of Sharkey, Stacy Davis Gates assumed the role of President on July 1, 2022.
264:, immediately receiving its charter as Local 1 of the AFT. By September 1938, it was the largest teachers union in the US, with over 8,500 members. The CTF, still under the leadership of its longtime head
1691:"CORE hosts final 'Successful Chicago Strikes' forum following CTU notice of intent to strike.... Veteran teachers describe how CTU overcame racism and thwarted the CPS attempts to 'play the race card'"
2085:
973:
Thompson, John (27 January 1948). "Pay Teachers; Strike Off: Aldermen O.K. Record '48 Budget – Board to Consider Cut in Levy – Call School Strike Off; Pay Mailed Record Budget is O.K.'d By City".
368:
United Progressive Caucus (UPC) of capitulating to corporate interests, silencing dissent within the union, and collaborating with the city to prevent union outreach at schools.
2150:
2337:
2287:
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negotiations an issue in the strike, and the teachers indeed sought better pay, better benefits, and protections for teachers who lose their jobs due to school closures.
256:(CIO). (New York's Local 5 was at that time the Teachers' Union, which was soon expelled from the AFT after accusations of communism, and replaced by the more moderate
2532:"Chicago Strike: Negotiations continue for 8th day as CTU plans civil disobedience training. Chance the rapper wore a Chicago Teachers Union shirt on SNL in support"
1963:
1917:
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1979-1980: Multiple strikes over a payless payday during holiday break in 1979, results in salary increase and improved sick leave and maternity/paternity leave.
141:
2608:"Vote 362 yes // 242 no to accept tentative agreement // But teachers will continue strike until deal on making up days of strike — which will be 11 tomorrow"
532:
On Thursday, October 17, 2019, teachers took to picket lines early in the morning, and the CTU stated that it planned to resume negotiations with the city at
472:
On September 11, 2012, the Service Employees International Union Local 1 informed companies that some of their members might go on strike with the teachers.
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2010:
328:
Fewkes remained CTU President for most of this period. He left the CTU in 1943 to serve as AFT president. In 1944, he took a position with the federal
268:, remained separate for some years, based on concerns that the CTU would disproportionately represent the interests of males and high school teachers.
2436:
2036:
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1984:
1816:
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2213:
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In addition to perennial requests for salary increases, the CTU began demanding more direct changes to Chicago's public schools. It asked the
2361:
1042:
2110:
2059:
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most underfunded high schools, CTU members voted overwhelmingly (90% of teachers and 98% of those who cast ballots) to authorize a strike.
321:
The union, urged on by Fewkes, participated in the AFL's anti-communist purges, and in 1941 voted 5,258 to 892 to expel the New York City
2263:
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176 days long. Additionally, it was noted that teachers could lose pay if the strike days were not added back to the district calendar.
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2386:
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against school segregation and racism—particularly systemic unfairness in the certification, hiring, and promotion of black teachers.
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248:(AFT) and retained their status as Local 1. In 1937, Local 1 battled New York's Local 5 over whether the AFT would remain in the
2510:
1557:
2649:
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shortchanged and emasculated.) Teachers also resented the constantly increasing bureaucratic control over their classrooms.
2461:"Chicago Strike: CPS teachers march in Loop during Mayor Lori Lightfoot's address, Chicago Public Schools classes canceled"
253:
2312:"Chicago Teachers Strike: Thousands of teachers to return to picket lines for 2nd day Friday, CPS classes remain canceled"
1198:
Gowran, Clay (6 March 1959). "Pay Teachers on Merit Basis? It's Ticklish Topic: Even Some Who Would Benefit Fear System".
2288:"Chicago Teachers Union strike updates: CPS teachers join picket lines across the city as negotiations are set to resume"
502:
376:'s entrenched power. CORE represented a major bloc of dissent at the 2012 AFT convention, and held signs in protest of
1890:
2736:
1147:
948:"Chicago Teachers VOte Strike Call: Walkout Tuesday Sanctioned By Union Unless Pay is Freed and School Budget Passed"
201:(AFT), in which it played a founding role. It was the largest and most active AFT Local until the 1960s. The CTU won
193:
The CTU united several teachers' organizations in Chicago in the wake of a teachers' revolt against banks during the
1664:
554:
423:
1973: Two strikes, of 12 and 11 days, yield improved salary, benefits, preparation time, supplies, and class sizes.
2726:
2721:
2711:
1864:
245:
198:
118:
2689:
2683:
1280:"Chicago Teachers Vote For Ouster: 5,258 to 892 For Dropping 3 Locals That Union Council Accused of Communism".
924:"Chicago Teachers Payless 5 Weeks: Threaten to Strike as City Refuses to Use $ 9,500,000 Reserve For Salaries".
2695:
1959:
257:
2014:
515:
After the expiration of the CPS contract with CTU in June 2019, a contract dispute emerged. Vermont Senator
507:
249:
1461:"Strike Vote is Withheld by Teachers: Board Agrees to Bargain – School Union Delays Balloting on Strike".
469:
programs available at public schools. They also called for smaller class sizes and paid preparation time.
1484:
Yuenger, James (9 October 1965). "Delay Ruling on Vote for School Union: Board Asks Time to File Reply".
813:
372:
inexperience and political recklessness, arguing that they will not successfully be able to combat Mayor
302:
to a mounting teacher shortage, citing over a hundred classrooms without regular or substitute teachers.
237:
213:
136:
1747:
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before midnight on October 10, the district and union reached a tentative agreement, avoiding a strike.
558:
341:
could not get jobs at all. Teachers came from a shifting mix of white-collar and blue-collar families.
221:
2387:"'We are likely not going to see a quick settlement': Tuesday classes canceled as CPS strike drags on"
1891:"Chicago Public Teachers Stage Historic Strike in Clash with Mayor Rahm Emanuel on Education Reforms"
298:
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978:
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901:"Teachers Turn on Heat to Pass Pay Boost Bill: Union Starts Letter Wave Toward Springfield".
883:
795:
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719:
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350:
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during the 1970s and 1980s. In September 2012, the union began its first strike in 25 years.
202:
635:
2611:
2607:
436:
329:
8:
2640:
1865:"Striking Teachers, Parents Join Forces to Oppose "Corporate" Education Model in Chicago"
2670:
1638:"Leading 'Ugly' Not The Answer For Organized Labor, Chicago Teachers Union, Karen Lewis"
417:
1969: Two-day strike results in salary increases, teacher aides, and class size maximum.
165:
2511:"CPS Cancels Class For Thursday, Following Massive Rally By Striking Teachers Downtown"
562:
525:
school year. Lightfoot's decision broke this mandate, as the 2019–2020 school year was
480:
26:
1716:
1690:
1068:"Teacher Union Fights Longer Day For Pupils: OK's Increase in Hours For Instructors".
448:
2645:
2168:
1584:"Chicago's Rank and File Educators Well-Positioned Against "Play it Safe" Incumbents"
996:"Police Refuse to Station Men in High Schools: Reject Request From Teachers' Union".
550:
533:
224:
was president. Through a successors election the new officer slate became: President
106:
1507:
Banas, Casey (4 June 1966). "Union Elected by Teachers as Their Bargaining Agent".
545:
194:
662:
561:, was expected to join the striking teachers to show support. CTU also scheduled
377:
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887:
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1447:
1019:"Union to Seek More Police in High Schools: Terrorist Attacks Told by Fewkes".
521:
516:
322:
265:
2151:"Chicago Teachers Union votes to authorize strike; walkout could begin Oct. 7"
2705:
613:
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policies, proposals which would vary teachers salaries based on evaluations.
225:
206:
2264:"Kids rejoice: CPS won't add makeup days if teachers strike, Lightfoot says"
1532:"Caucus of Rank-and-File Educators (CORE) Takes Over Chicago Teachers Union"
1438:"Teacher Union Asks Board to Change Stand: Hint at Strike Vote Next Month".
1114:"Cite Teacher Need as Grade Classes Grow: Shortage is Called More Serious".
240:(CTF), an organization of women elementary school teachers founded in 1897.
1221:"Fewkes Rips Merit Pay Idea For Teachers: Union Chief Says It Won't Work".
537:
453:
420:
1971: Four-day strike results in salary increases and full health benefits.
381:
373:
1839:
2362:"CPS cancels classes Monday as teachers' strike, contract talks continue"
2125:"Fact-Finder's Report Sheds Light on CTU Contract Negotiations With City"
2111:"Chicago Teachers Union, school board reach tentative contract agreement"
2060:"School Days Resume in Chicago as the Lessons From a Strike Are Assessed"
217:
212:
The CTU is also affiliated with the Illinois Federation of Teachers, the
183:
131:
60:
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1984: Four-day strike results in medical care increase and PAC checkoff.
2338:"CTU strike, Day 4: Talks continue, but Monday classes still uncertain"
1960:"Emanuel's court bid to end strike stalls, teachers call it vindictive"
1388:"4,000 Teachers Stage Protest March: Pay Hike, Bargaining Top Issues".
406:
Chicago teachers went on strike multiple times in the 1970s and 1980s:
2486:"Wednesday classes canceled as CTU members rally in downtown Chicago"
2412:"Wednesday classes canceled as CTU members rally in downtown Chicago"
306:
511:
Chicago teachers marching during a demonstration on October 14, 2019
452:
Striking members of the Chicago Teachers Union marching through the
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1968: "Concerned FTBs" (long-term substitutes) and others engage in
2531:
2460:
2311:
2238:"CTU rejects latest contract proposal, teachers to strike Thursday"
1840:"Windy City Fights Back: Live blogging the Chicago Teachers Strike"
878:"Air Both Sides in Controversy Over Schools: The School Question".
186:
that represents teachers, paraprofessionals, and clinicians in the
77:
663:"Chicago Teachers' Federation records, 1864-1968 (bulk 1897-1968)"
2622:
2214:"Chicago Cancels Public School Classes As Teachers' Strike Looms"
73:
1665:"@AFT - Chicago Teachers Protest RTTT During/After Biden Speech"
636:"Key players Sketches of negotiators in teachers contract talks"
1795:"No Deal: Chicago Teachers To Strike After Contract Talks Fail"
2582:"Protesters Arrested During CTU Demonstration at Sterling Bay"
1985:"Judge declines to expedite hearing in Chicago teacher strike"
1857:
2557:"9 Teachers Arrested Outside Sterling Bay's West Loop Office"
2086:"After Chicago success, teachers unions spread their message"
2644:. Urbana & Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2008.
2437:"CPS Cancels Classes Wednesday as Teachers Strike Continues"
305:
During this period, Fewkes and the CTU consistently opposed
1883:
479:
Following the end of the strike, leaders of the Union held
1941:"Chicago teachers reach tentative agreement to end strike"
741:"Chicago Teachers Form Union To Loosen Grip of Politics".
271:
1831:
1413:"Teachers Demand Bargaining Right: Strike Threat Dangles"
2664:
2058:
Davey, Monica; Greenhouse, Steven (September 19, 2012).
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1987: Record-breaking 19-day strike under CTU President
158:
2641:
Teachers and Reform: Chicago Public Education 1929–1970
2189:"Key Issues in Potential Chicago Teachers Union Strike"
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1606:
1604:
387:
1741:
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1708:
1303:"Federation Votes 3 Teacher Unions Out As Red-Ruled".
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764:"A. F. of L. Affiliate Will Charter Teachers' Union".
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would fight to the last ditch to remain in the A.F.L.
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during a speech from President, then Vice President,
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344:
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Photo of President Fewkes leading a 1965 CTU meeting
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1817:"Chicago teachers strike for first time in 25 years"
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1601:
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790:"Teachers' Union Rebuffed in Plea For Recognition".
785:
783:
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hosted by the Walter Reuther Library at Wayne State
2686:
hosted by the Walter Reuther Library at Wayne State
1918:"Some Chicago Public Schools custodians may strike"
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1558:"The Education Revolt: The Chicago Model's Fallout"
1404:
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1932:
1748:"Chicago Teachers Say They'll Strike for the Kids"
1339:"Teachers' Union Heads Kill Time Limit on Chief".
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989:
294:teachers had been mailed with all possible haste.
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290:members for actions such as mass letter-writing.
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1084:
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484:Pittsburgh, San Francisco, St. Paul, and Tampa.
335:
312:
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628:
432:1985: Two-day strike for salary and sick leave.
1257:"Chicago Union Teachers Back Red Expulsions".
1130:
1091:"Teachers Sign Petitions for Shorter Hours".
487:
197:. It was chartered in 1937 as Local 1 of the
2173:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1148:"John M. Fewkes, 91, Teachers Union Founder"
439:wins raises and improvements to health care.
2149:Pratt, Hannah Leone, Gregory (2019-09-27).
2037:"Chicago teachers suspend seven-day strike"
606:
252:(AFL) or join the newer and more inclusive
2669:
1549:
1173:"Teacher Union Head Opposes Merit Ratings"
714:"Nation's Teachers to Debate C.I.O. Tie".
164:
25:
2011:"Chicago teachers vote to suspend strike"
1838:Editorial Committee (10 September 2012).
2013:. CNN. 18 September 2012. Archived from
1958:Kelleher, James B. (17 September 2012).
1957:
1043:"Teachers 'Hush Up' Violence in Chicago"
972:
667:Descriptive Inventory for the Collection
654:
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272:Before collective bargaining: 1937–1967
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1938:
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236:The CTU was preceded, in part, by the
2696:Pictures of the 1980s teacher strikes
2605:
2148:
2084:Layton, Lyndsey (22 September 2012).
1939:Layton, Lyndsey (15 September 2012).
1745:
1689:Schmidt, George N. (29 August 2012).
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1529:
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349:The CTU intensified its campaign for
205:rights in 1966 and conducted several
2261:
660:
401:
388:2018 merger with Charter Union Local
254:Congress of Industrial Organizations
1715:Schmidt, George N. (5 March 2012).
13:
2698:posted to Flickr by "union person"
1392:. 11 January 1961. pp. 1, 2.
503:2019 Chicago Public Schools strike
358:Internal politics and organization
345:Campaign for collective bargaining
14:
2748:
2656:
1915:
1746:Moran, Theresa (28 August 2012).
614:"For Members » CTU Contacts"
397:Collective bargaining and strikes
363:Caucus of Rank and File Educators
2732:Trade unions established in 1937
1072:. 19 February 1954. p. B4.
1049:. AP. 5 February 1965. p. 9
1000:. 22 September 1954. p. 1.
2717:American Federation of Teachers
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2606:Ahern, Mary Ann (2019-10-30).
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2003:
1977:
1966:from the original on 2012-10-04
1951:
1909:
1809:
1787:
1765:
1500:
1477:
1465:. 27 February 1964. p. 1.
1454:
1442:. 7 November 1963. p. C1.
1431:
1411:Tavel, Emile (23 August 1963).
1368:
1355:
1319:
1307:. 7 June 1941. pp. 1, 32.
1237:
1214:
1191:
1165:
1095:. 3 December 1954. p. A8.
1035:
928:. 24 January 1948. p. 13.
858:
845:
832:
806:
246:American Federation of Teachers
199:American Federation of Teachers
146:Illinois Federation of Teachers
119:American Federation of Teachers
2684:Photo of 1933 teacher uprising
2039:. USA Today. 18 September 2012
1819:. USA Today. 11 September 2012
1773:"Chicago teachers union rally"
1613:"Chicago Teachers Draw a Line"
1611:Sustar, Lee (31 August 2012).
1530:Canon, Ramsin (12 June 2010).
882:. 20 May 1938. pp. 1, 4.
745:. 30 October 1937. p. 4.
718:. 22 August 1937. p. N5.
694:
681:
593:
580:
496:
443:
318:sought to exclude communists.
1:
1225:. 18 March 1962. p. 36.
1179:. 23 August 1955. p. A10
1146:Heise, Kenan (25 July 1992).
954:. 25 January 1948. p. 20
569:
336:Demographics and civil rights
313:John Fewkes and anticommunism
258:United Federation of Teachers
2336:Wittich, Jake (2019-10-20).
1663:Scott, Norm (30 July 2012).
1556:Canon, Ramsin (3 May 2010).
1118:. 15 March 1955. p. 1.
669:. Chicago Historical Society
574:
250:American Federation of Labor
188:Chicago public school system
7:
1582:Abowd, Paul (7 June 2010).
1284:. 21 May 1941. p. 25.
1023:. 1 March 1955. p. 7.
238:Chicago Teachers Federation
214:Chicago Federation of Labor
137:Chicago Federation of Labor
10:
2753:
2262:Issa, Nader (2019-10-03).
905:. 7 June 1939. p. 6.
794:. 2 June 1938. p. 8.
500:
488:2015–2016 contract dispute
2677:
1417:Christian Science Monitor
743:Christian Science Monitor
299:Chicago Police Department
262:Chicago Civic Opera House
153:
124:
112:
100:
87:
66:
56:
41:
33:
24:
2737:Trade unions in Illinois
1797:. NPR. September 9, 2012
814:"Education: Local No. i"
661:West, Lucy (July 1971).
616:. Chicago Teachers Union
555:Flight Attendant's Union
280:
1775:. Time Out Chicago Kids
2727:Education trade unions
2722:Chicago Public Schools
2712:Chicago Teachers Union
1390:Chicago Daily Defender
512:
457:
176:Chicago Teachers Union
20:Chicago Teachers Union
2017:on September 21, 2012
1920:. The Chicago Tribune
1341:Chicago Daily Tribune
1259:Chicago Daily Tribune
1223:Chicago Daily Tribune
1200:Chicago Daily Tribune
1177:Chicago Daily Tribune
1116:Chicago Daily Tribune
1093:Chicago Daily Tribune
1070:Chicago Daily Tribune
1021:Chicago Daily Tribune
998:Chicago Daily Tribune
975:Chicago Daily Tribune
903:Chicago Daily Tribune
880:Chicago Daily Tribune
792:Chicago Daily Tribune
766:Chicago Daily Tribune
510:
456:on September 11, 2012
451:
351:collective bargaining
287:collective bargaining
203:collective bargaining
1991:. September 17, 2012
1343:. 22 November 1950.
437:Jacqueline B. Vaughn
330:War Production Board
232:Origins and founding
1945:The Washington Post
1897:. 10 September 2012
1871:. 10 September 2012
1376:Teachers and Reform
1363:Teachers and Reform
1327:Teachers and Reform
1245:Teachers and Reform
1047:The Tuscaloosa News
866:Teachers and Reform
853:Teachers and Reform
840:Teachers and Reform
768:. 13 October 1937.
702:Teachers and Reform
689:Teachers and Reform
642:. 11 September 2012
601:Teachers and Reform
588:Teachers and Reform
114:Parent organization
21:
2561:Block Club Chicago
2292:chicagotribune.com
2155:chicagotribune.com
2064:The New York Times
1644:. 19 November 2011
1305:The New York Times
1282:The New York Times
1247:(2008), pp. 38–39.
977:. pp. 1, 12.
952:The New York Times
926:The New York Times
868:(2008), pp. 18–21.
716:The New York Times
563:civil disobedience
513:
481:town hall meetings
458:
19:
2650:978-0-252-03272-1
2588:. 29 October 2019
2563:. 29 October 2019
2342:Chicago Sun-Times
2268:Chicago Sun-Times
1642:ENews Park Forest
820:. 8 November 1937
534:Malcolm X College
402:Strikes 1968–1987
172:
171:
107:Stacy Davis Gates
2744:
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1617:The Indypendent
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1378:(2008), pp. 16.
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1261:. 21 May 1941.
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1488:. p. N3.
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