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714:, which would adjoin the property of the Chicago Spire. DuSable Park would cover 3.24 acres (1.31 ha) and a $ 11.4 million budget was planned for its renovation. On March 26, 2007, Shelbourne pledged to pay $ 6 million toward the development of the park, making up the deficit left over from the city's own initial pledge of $ 6 million and far exceeding the Fordham Co's initial offer. In May 2007 Shelbourne's pledge jumped to $ 9.6 million. Soil tests performed in December 2000 on the soil of the proposed park showed contamination of
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721:. Thorium was used by the Lindsay Light Company, which operated a location nearby. After the closing of the location in the 1930s, contaminated soil was dumped on the location of the proposed park. In March 2003, the Chicago Park District stated that the thorium clean-up on that land was incomplete. Hazards of contamination can be avoided by laying a minimum of 6 inches (15 cm) of concrete over any affected soil, an approach that would be more feasible for the site of the Chicago Spire than for the adjacent park.
796:, tend to add to the strength of a structure. A similar principle has been used in the past with curved stadium roofs. In addition to structural support, the curved face of the exterior would minimize wind forces. In rectangular buildings, a fluid wind flow puts pressure on the windward face of the building; while air moves around it, a suction is applied to the leeward face. This often causes a sway in tall buildings usually counteracted, at least partially, by stiffening the structure or by using a
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2016, Shelbourne announced that it had reached agreement on a repayment plan with the project's creditors, including
Related Midwest, which had bought up much of the project's debt. Assuming the project finds funding to satisfy that agreement, Atlas said that the building would be built and that Atlas would control the project, but that Kelleher would still be the developer, with the intention of building the same building planned prior to the suspension of construction.
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240:, it would have stood 2,000 feet (610 m) high with 150 floors and been the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. When originally proposed as the Fordham Spire in July 2005, the design had 116 stories, included a hotel and condominiums, and was topped with a broadcast antenna mast. The building was designed and spearheaded by Spanish architect-engineer
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people outside the U.S., according to the suit. “Shelbourne remains the only person logically capable of completing it because it still owns the intellectual property necessary to construct it and it still maintains the goodwill of the diverse governmental and community interests without which a project of this dimension would be doomed,” the lawsuit states.
543:. Construction of the Chicago Spire would have provided approximately 900 full-time jobs to union members for four years if construction had resumed. In addition to the $ 194 million (USD) that Kelleher has invested personally in the project already, backup financing of an unspecified amount and from an unknown source in the form of
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483:. Kelleher offered to rent out units at a guaranteed 7.5% return to spur sales. The approach is common outside the United States where the tower was marketed more heavily and was meant to spur sales of the smallest units, which are the most likely to be purchased as rental property investments by foreigners.
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filed a $ 77 million foreclosure lawsuit against
Kelleher, claiming that loans made to Kelleher's development company had been in default for a year. The bank was expected to take possession of the site. By the end of the year, courts handed control of the site to a receiver, leaving the project
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regarding the construction and design of the spire. A November 2006 press release stated that construction of the
Chicago Spire would begin in June 2007. In early December 2006, Shelbourne Development issued another press release stating that the design of the building had been revised. This included
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on March 16, 2006, and by the
Chicago Zoning Committee on March 23, 2006. On March 29, 2006, the Chicago City Council also approved the building's design. As part of the approval process, the council passed a measure that raised the height limit on structures at the site to accommodate the 2,000-foot
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would not continue until the markets recover. The Spire has remained a fenced-off hole in the ground at 400 N. Lake Shore Drive since 2008. But before
Shelbourne faced financial difficulties and was forced into bankruptcy, about 370 of the planned 1,200 luxury condos were sold, half of which were to
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In
February 2016, Shelbourne sought court approval to take up an offer of up to $ 135 million from Atlas Apartment Holdings intended to underpin the project's emergence from bankruptcy, with a deadline of August 31, 2016 for having a court-approved reorganization plan. At a hearing on March 11,
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Following the March 26, 2007 public presentation by
Shelbourne Development, residents showed a favorable reaction to the newest design of the Chicago Spire. The Chicago Plan Commission approved the final plans of the Chicago Spire on April 19, 2007. Chicago's zoning committee also approved the tower
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of LR Development
Company of Chicago and JER Partners of Virginia for $ 64 million to Christopher Carley of the Fordham Company. After numerous short-term extensions, and later Carley's failure to obtain financing, Kelleher of Shelbourne Development purchased the land instead and pledged to finance
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In 2013, with the
Chicago Spire site for sale by Ireland's National Asset Management Agency (NAMA), interest resumed, drawing in at least a half-dozen offers for the property. Under the involuntary bankruptcy ruling in October 2013, Shelbourne had until the end of March 2014 to obtain approval of a
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In early 2018, the former developer
Garrett Kelleher launched a $ 1.2 billion (USD) lawsuit, in the US Federal District Court in Illinois, against NAMA alleging that the agency destroyed his chances of building the Chicago Spire through a combination of "sheer spite" and "consistent incompetence".
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with each of the building's 150 stories rotated 2.4 degrees from the one below it for a total 360-degree rotation. In February 2008, prices for the condominiums were announced as ranging from $ 750,000 to US$ 40 million. For supplemental structural support, each floor was to be surrounded by
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architect Michael Pfeffer to guide the design of developments on the former Chicago Spire site. Although President Curt Bailey disclosed no project details—such as whether, for example, Related Midwest plans to build one big tower or multiple structures on the site—he did announce the
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and Kelleher announced in late 2009 that they were discussing the potential for a $ 170 million (USD) land loan that would retire Kelleher's loan from Anglo Irish Bank, pay off the outstanding liens, and restart work in exchange for making the construction a complete union job. Due to the lack of
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Garrett Kelleher. During the interview, Calatrava drew out design ideas restoring the rotating design of the building and showcasing his vision for the Chicago Spire's lobby. On March 26, 2007, further revisions were shown during a public presentation by Shelbourne Development showcasing the most
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of Shelbourne Development Group, Inc., acquired the land and took over the project. It was announced that he would put up 100% of the equity, something Carley had been unable to do. He also had the financial backing to acquire the land, something Carley lacked. Kelleher stated he would consider
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However, on October 31, 2014, the developer failed to make a required payment to Related Midwest and Related filed suit to compel Shelbourne to turn over the deed to the property. On 4 November 2016, Garrett Kelleher signed over the property located at 400 N. Lake Shore Drive to Related Midwest.
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In 2018, it was revealed that Related Midwest will build two skyscrapers at the site of the Spire. The taller of the two would include 300 condominiums and a 175-room luxury hotel and the other 550 apartments. The two tower plan has been approved by the city and the development will be called
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in Chicago sued to evict Shelbourne Development from their sales office, where extensive modeling of Chicago Spire units had been installed. The lawsuit alleged that Shelbourne was behind $ 316,000 (USD) in lease payments. In addition to this and other liens listed on the property,
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Gold recognition. Sustainable features included recycled rainwater, river water used for cooling, ornithologically-sensitive glass to protect migratory birds, intelligent building and management systems, waste storage and recycling management, and monitored outdoor air delivery.
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using Carley's services on the development and that "Carley will be paid an unspecified sum for his involvement in the deal so far." Kelleher later renamed the project "Chicago Spire" after briefly going by "400 North Lake Shore Drive", as it was no longer a Fordham project.
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In 2012 the Chicago Park District received funding from the EPA for remediation of the site, bagging the radioactive soil and shipping it to a Superfund site. By summer 2013 the Park District website reported the remediation had been completed by September 2012.
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units. The design change altered the building design such that it was wider than the original plan. Additionally, the spire no longer tapered at the top, resulting in an increase in floor space and overall floor count. The revision also removed the
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proposed the Fordham Spire in July 2005. In the proposal the Spire was to be a 116-story structure with hotel and condominiums topped by a tall broadcast antenna mast. The initial design of the building was passed unanimously by the
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parts and construction equipment arrived at the site on June 25, 2007. The following day Shelbourne Development officially announced the first construction contract. In preparation for construction, 34 concrete and steel
558:, four major labor union investment funds declined to offer Shelbourne Development any loans. Kelleher continued to search for financing. Shelbourne Development faced eviction from its offices on the 50th floor of
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On September 19, 2008, a spokeswoman for the developer announced that construction was continuing on the building, but that the pace of construction would be slowed until the financial markets recovered from the
352:. Burton F. Natarus, who was the 42nd-ward alderman when the building was announced, said, "This is a very unique opportunity for the city of Chicago. This building belongs to Chicago and should be in Chicago."
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unanimously approved the initial design of the building. On November 4, 2016, a court ruling brought the original development plan and the extended litigation over the nine-year-old project to a close. Developer
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filed a lawsuit against Shelbourne Development for $ 4.92 million (USD). The lawsuit was an attempt to collect that sum on two unpaid loans used for initial construction at the Chicago Spire site.
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to the east, the Chicago River to the south, and existing residential property to the west. The site was originally zoned for two 35 to 50-story buildings. Originally, it was to be sold by a
844:. Kelleher promised that he still had financial backing, although analysts questioned the ability of the project to survive the current economic decline. A contractor to build the building's
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515:. Due to the bank's dire financial situation, Shelbourne Development was forced to suspend construction, and would eventually have to pay back the $ 69.5 million (
511:, the primary lender for the project, was on the brink of financial collapse. The bank's stocks had lost nearly all of their value and Anglo Irish Bank was facing
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785:. The building has been described as a giant "drill bit" by the public and others in the media have likened it to a "tall twisting tree" and a "blade of grass".
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signed over the property location to the project's biggest creditor, Related Midwest, who announced that they would not build the Spire and released plans for a
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immediately voiced opposition to the building, stating that the tall structure would be a target for terrorists and did not even seem to be a viable project.
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Standing at 2,000 feet (610 m), the Chicago Spire would have further transformed the always-growing Chicago skyline. Plans for the tower included 1,193
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reorganization plan, and was considering a bid to take back control of the property, reigniting hope that the skyscraper might actually be built.
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was beginning to affect the project. Construction was suspended and the tower's architect, Santiago Calatrava, placed an $ 11.34 million
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Nobel, P. (2005). Onward and upward? Four years after 9/11 – at perhaps the peak of the real estate bubble – very tall has never been hotter.
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with a 104 foot (32 m) diameter and 78 foot (24 m) depth was installed to create a work environment and would have later acted as a
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reported that the developer was soliciting opinions on a further revision from community leaders. Several weeks following that report the
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The curved design offered two major benefits to the structure of the building. First, curved designs, such as that found in Calatrava's
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indigenous to the area, and also related the building's newly designed pinnacle to the "graceful" and "rotating forms" of a snail shell.
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on which Shelbourne owed $ 27,600 in unpaid rent. Earlier in the year, the spire's Chicago sales office had been ejected from the nearby
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By June 2008, Shelbourne had sold more than 350 of the 1,193 units—more than half of those to foreign investors in markets where certain
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When the project was first announced, the Fordham Company pledged almost $ 500,000 to assist in the development of the city's proposed
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2842:"Chicago Builders Ride Next 'Supertall' Wave – Developers in the Windy City have their eyes set on luxury residences climbing over"
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into the spire itself. This first major redesign of the Chicago Spire was criticized by architectural critics and city officials.
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After several months of development in 2005, Carley failed to obtain sufficient financing for the construction of the building.
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Following the city approval, it was announced that construction of the Chicago Spire was to begin in the summer of 2007, with
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observation decks, the Chicago Spire design included a community room on the top floor offering residents a view of four U.S.
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800:. Since the curved design of the Chicago Spire would not completely negate wind forces, a tapering concrete core and twelve
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construction and the sluggish economy, Chicago unions were desperate to find work for their employees as they faced near 30%
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for the tall, twisting skyscraper. He likened the structure to an imaginary smoke spiral coming from a campfire near the
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has been guaranteed and would have kicked in automatically if the $ 170 million (USD) AFL-CIO loan had been secured.
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regulations do not apply. Shelbourne announced on September 30, 2008 that the building's penthouse had been sold to
2193:"Spire developer loses control of site in foreclosure suit – 2 local firms have purchased delinquent property taxes"
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Roeder, David (September 19, 2008). "Business briefs: Economic upheaval causes delays in building of Spire".
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project in Chicago that was partially built between 2007 and 2008 before being cancelled. Located at 400 N.
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574:(at the time) dead. In addition, two Chicago firms purchased the tax lien certificates on the property.
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on the construction site, stating that Kelleher had not yet paid him for his work. Within a few months
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The lawsuit is formally brought by Kelleher's company, Shelbourne North Water Street Corporation.
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The skyscraper was being constructed at 400 N. Lake Shore Drive, on Chicago's waterfront west of
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2078:"Facing Eviction Suit, Spire Developer Leaves Loop Offices : Chicago Spire Deathwatch"
1958:"Spire developer Garret Kelleher to meet with leaders of AFL-CIO pension investment trusts"
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for the building's core. Utility upgrades were planned for the surrounding neighborhood.
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Additional litigation and liens threatened the project by autumn 2009. The owner of the
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of the skyscraper included translucent glass walls framed by arching, steel-reinforced
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1606:"New twists for lakefront skyscraper: An exclusive look at the latest Spire drawings"
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Comerford, Mike (July 20, 2006). "New developer in works for site of Fordham Spire".
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the removal of the hotel and the antenna mast, making the building consist solely of
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But within weeks of the official announcement that Kelleher was searching for union
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2638:"3 Acres on the Lake: DuSable Park Proposal Project, Site Description and Context"
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1152:"Shelbourne Development Awards Contract to Build Foundation of The Chicago Spire"
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Sharma, Amol; Jennifer Saranow; Ilan Brat & Lauren Etter (October 1, 2008).
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work scheduled to begin as early as June 2007. DuSable Park was designated as a
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1476:"Irish Developer Will Build North America's Tallest Building in the Windy City"
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2995:"City council OKs plan for Chicago Spire building, would be nation's tallest"
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As with many of his designs, Calatrava was inspired by themes and designs in
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development firm's intent to discuss plan outlines with the public in 2017.
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2691:"Report: DuSable Park Site Near Navy Pier Nearly Clear Of Radioactive Soil"
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President Curt Bailey said that Related Midwest would not build the Spire.
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297:(610 m) design height. The Fordham Spire would have become the second
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In the final quarter of 2006, Shelbourne Development issued two separate
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2389:"Garrett Kelleher pursuing Nama for $ 1.2bn over Chicago Spire project"
2224:"Exclusive – For sale: Chicago land, once site for tallest condo tower"
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2414:"Related Midwest reportedly makes plans to develop Chicago Spire site"
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radiating from it were planned to counteract the remaining wind load.
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2997:. Chesterton Tribune. Associated Press. May 10, 2007. Archived from
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2665:"3 Acres on the Lake : Dusable Park, Chicago by Laurie Palmer"
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Keegan, E. (2005). Calatrava designing massive tower in Chicago.
2052:"Chicago Spire twists in wind as union funds pass on bailout loan"
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2479:"Carley's back finds familiar wall in bid to build Fordham Spire"
2452:"SOM's "sister skyscrapers" for doomed Chicago Spire site halted"
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Buildings and structures under construction in the United States
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2328:"Chicago Spire developer gets funding, wants to resume project"
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2302:"What's Next for Santiago Calatrava's Troubled Chicago Spire?"
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Additionally, the Chicago Spire was designed with world-class
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Roeder, David (July 20, 2006). "New twist in spire project".
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Chicago Architecture and Design : Revised and expanded
2092:"Irish Financial Crisis Helps Topple Planned Chicago Spire"
1864:"Anglo Irish crisis leads to work halting on Chicago Spire"
1632:"Kamin unveils latest design for Calatrava's Chicago Spire"
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Two Waterfront Skyscrapers Planned For Deserted Spire Site
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from the original plan, instead incorporating underground
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of Shelbourne Development Group, Inc., the then-owner of
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McKeoug, T. (2006). Artist at work: Santiago Calatrava.
2441:. CBS Chicago. March 16, 2018. Accessed August 15, 2018.
1744:"Beanie Baby magnate signs contract for Spire penthouse"
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had not yet been named. The October 1, 2008 edition of
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1929:"Spire developer faces eviction from sales center site"
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1325:"Chicago Spire: Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States"
1306:. Shelbourne Development. April 6, 2008. Archived from
1121:"Calatrava's Latest Twist from Spire to Licorice Stick"
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said that the building foundation was complete and the
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The construction site had been dormant since late 2008.
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http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks/Dusable-Park/
2358:"Spire developer resolves debts, looks to start again"
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1687:"Financial questions tower over Spire's political win"
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3099:"Chicago Spire: Modest beginnings for a skyline icon"
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Chicago Architecture and Design: Revised and Expanded
2167:"Death knell for Chicago Spire as receiver appointed"
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1445:"Chicago Developer Wants to Erect Tower With a Twist"
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Why Buildings Stand Up: The Strength of Architecture
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2797:"Calatrava leads tour of Chicago Spire Sales Center"
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2510:"Calatrava Spire Gains Approval of Plan Commission"
1990:Corfman, Thomas A.; Baeb, Eddie (August 14, 2009).
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1414:"Calatrava Spire Gains Approval of Plan Commission"
3592:Metropolitan Life North Building (original design)
2952:"Major redesign is latest twist in plan for spire"
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879:underground; this was completed June 25, 2008. A
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2744:"Global recession stalls skyscraper construction"
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35:Artist's impression of the megatall Chicago Spire
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765:corners and four concave sides. Similar to the
473:United States Securities and Exchange Commission
463:approved the final design of the Chicago Spire.
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2901:. The Hancock Observatory. 2002. Archived from
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2280:"Related to Spire developer: Where's the deed?"
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1176:Corfman, Thomas; Kamin, Blair (July 26, 2005).
623:reported that Related Midwest had hired former
487:Financial crisis and suspension of construction
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3130:"Businesses Pressure Congress on Bailout Plan"
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2573:"More twists in final plans for Chicago Spire"
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1658:"Final Chicago Spire plans set to be revealed"
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1351:"Tallest U.S. skyscraper proposed for Chicago"
1067:Baeb, Eddie; Gallun, Alby (December 6, 2006).
998:List of tallest buildings in the United States
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3023:. ArchiCentral. March 6, 2009. Archived from
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2015:
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1570:"Controversial skyscraper plan gets new look"
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1304:"The Chicago Spire Achieves 30 Percent Sales"
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813:Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
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3021:"Chicago Spire // USA // Santiago Calatrava"
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1212:"Planning commission approves Fordham Spire"
916:Months before construction on April 13, 2006
348:approved of the design, stating that it was
3045:
2987:
2866:
2570:
2507:
2215:
2185:
2049:
1956:Podmollik, Mary Ellen (November 30, 2009).
1886:
1800:"Calatrava stops work on Spire, files lien"
1797:
1767:
1742:Podmolik, Mary Ellen (September 30, 2008).
1710:
1411:
1343:
1327:. Chicago Architecture.info. Archived from
1271:
1041:"The Chicago Spire, Chicago, Illinois, USA"
940:Closeup of base excavation January 12, 2008
441:held an exclusive interview with architect
3972:
3958:
3270:
3256:
2860:
2835:
2833:
2662:
2635:
976:The Chicago Spire Hole as of July 30, 2021
598:
4107:Proposed skyscrapers in the United States
4084:Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and Residence Tower
3752:Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and Residence Tower
2773:Larson, George A.; Pridmore, Jay (2005).
2683:
1003:List of buildings with 100 floors or more
777:. The design for the soaring four story
675:of the Chicago River to the north, North
4079:Old Chicago Main Post Office Twin Towers
3617:Old Chicago Main Post Office Twin Towers
3235:Pridmore, J., & Larson, G.A. (2005)
928:Bedrock being drilled on August 22, 2007
732:
686:
608:
490:
397:
358:
272:
3582:Madison Square Garden Towers I & II
3159:
2869:"Chicago Spire gets Plan Commission OK"
2830:
2826:. London. February 23, 2008. p. 3.
2540:Herrmann, Andrew (September 18, 2006).
2501:
2386:
2234:from the original on September 24, 2015
1927:Corfman, Thomas A. (October 14, 2009).
1713:"Chicago Spire gets Plan Commission OK"
1378:
875:were drilled 120 feet (37 m) into
832:for the construction of the tower. The
309:as well as the tallest building in the
4099:
3054:. Crain Communications. Archived from
2875:. Crain Communications. Archived from
2729:Santiago Calatrava: The Complete Works
2579:. Crain Communications. Archived from
2485:. Crain Communications. Archived from
2115:"Foreclosure Suit Ends Dream Of Spire"
2069:
1992:"Bank of America sues Spire developer"
177:3,000,000 square feet (278,700 m)
3953:
3672:Shenyang International Finance Center
3251:
3189:"Holey Chicago! New Spire Renderings"
3187:Giometti, Carl (September 10, 2008).
2927:. Sears Tower Skydeck. Archived from
2795:Matlock, Kelly (September 27, 2007).
2075:
1685:Diesenhouse, Susan (April 20, 2000).
577:
459:on April 26 and, on May 9, 2007, the
3105:. September 10, 2008. Archived from
2604:"City approves Chicago Spire design"
1862:Hilliard, Mark (December 28, 2008).
1478:. Multi-Housing News. Archived from
993:List of tallest buildings in Chicago
862:
737:The Chicago Spire's exterior design.
299:tallest building in the entire world
4132:Residential condominiums in Chicago
2891:
2246:
2159:
2137:"Calatrava Dances onto a New Stage"
2129:
2098:. November 12, 2010. Archived from
1831:Roeder, David (December 26, 2008).
1436:
13:
4117:Residential skyscrapers in Chicago
3239:. Harry N. Abrams, Inc.: New York.
2334:. February 7, 2014. Archived from
2199:. December 7, 2010. Archived from
2143:. February 2, 2010. Archived from
2016:Roeder, David (December 9, 2009).
1833:"Spire mired in Irish bank crisis"
1770:"Spire developer adds a new twist"
1568:Kamin, Blair (December 21, 2006).
1539:"Spinning politics with the Spire"
1537:Jacobs, Scott (January 14, 2007).
1210:McHugh, Michael (March 16, 2006).
663:. The site is at the junction of
14:
4143:
3243:
2950:Kamin, Blair (December 7, 2006).
2844:. Empire Projects. Archived from
2840:Hampton, Tudor (March 27, 2006).
2516:. Chicago Journal. Archived from
2477:Corfman, Thomas (July 19, 2006).
2387:Quinlan, Ronald (March 5, 2018).
2113:Kridel, Kris (October 11, 2010).
2076:Boyer, Mark (November 17, 2010).
2050:Baeb, Eddie (December 21, 2009).
1964:. Tribune Company. Archived from
1898:Barrett, Joe (December 9, 2009).
1604:Kamin, Blair (January 21, 2007).
1420:. Chicago Journal. Archived from
1357:. Associated Press. July 25, 2005
4127:Twisted buildings and structures
3808:Doha Tower and Convention Center
3048:"Spire sales office opens today"
3046:Baeb, Eddie (January 14, 2008).
2742:Stern, Andrew (March 29, 2009).
2364:. March 11, 2014. Archived from
2222:Jonas, Ilaina (March 14, 2013).
2018:"Spire inches closer to reality"
1630:Beacker, Lynn (March 27, 2007).
1474:Marin, Matthew (July 20, 2006).
1274:"City Council OKs Fordham Spire"
969:
957:
945:
933:
921:
909:
897:
29:
3279:Proposed supertall and megatall
3121:
2815:
2444:
2432:
2380:
2294:
2106:
2084:
1761:
1494:
1443:Slevin, Peter (July 25, 2005).
1178:"Tallest tower to twist rivals"
1069:"Calatrava tower to drop spire"
819:
728:
699:
3316:Hyundai Global Business Center
2925:"Discover the All New Skydeck"
2867:Baeb, Eddie (April 20, 2007).
2602:Spielman, Fran (May 9, 2007).
2571:Yue, Lorene (March 26, 2007).
2508:Bush, Haydn (March 22, 2006).
1900:"Push to Finish Tallest Tower"
1711:Baeb, Eddie (April 20, 2007).
1656:Kamin, Blair (March 8, 2007).
1412:Bush, Haydn (March 22, 2006).
1272:Yue, Lorene (March 29, 2006).
1154:. Business Wire. June 26, 2007
1113:
695:prior to construction in 2007.
393:
367:
307:tallest freestanding structure
1:
4122:Santiago Calatrava structures
4048:113 East Roosevelt (Phase II)
4009:One Chicago Square West Tower
3999:One Chicago Square East Tower
3562:International Business Center
2899:"The New Hancock Observatory"
2714:Retrieved 24 June 2013, from
1798:Baeb, Eddie (June 15, 2016).
1768:Baeb, Eddie (June 30, 2008).
1013:
363:State of construction in 2010
3517:Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Towers
2781:. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
466:
305:, and would have become the
204:Shelbourne Development Group
16:Proposed building in Chicago
7:
3507:Eaton's / John Maryon Tower
3452:Bank of the Southwest Tower
3407:6 & 8 Parramatta Square
3162:"Chicago Spire Information"
981:
964:The site as of July 2, 2010
769:(formerly Sears Tower) and
639:
519:) it had already borrowed.
453:
429:In late December 2006, the
332:and was being developed by
268:
10:
4148:
4038:400 Lake Shore South Tower
4017:400 Lake Shore North Tower
3838:Kostabi World Trade Center
3828:Frankfurt Millennium Tower
2727:Tzonis, Alexander (2004).
1505:. Daily Herald. p. 1.
1008:World's tallest structures
703:
602:
534:After these setbacks, the
420:separate parking structure
373:Initial financial problems
338:St Patrick's Athletic F.C.
156:1,865 ft (568 m)
148:2,000 ft (610 m)
140:2,000 ft (610 m)
4056:
4025:
3991:
3929:List of tallest buildings
3919:
3868:Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid
3765:
3389:
3288:
2979:Salvadori, Mario (1982).
2171:The Boston Irish Emigrant
1778:Crain Communications Inc.
890:
856:above ground construction
684:the rest of the project.
671:, and is bordered by the
252:. On March 16, 2006, the
218:
208:
200:
186:
181:
173:
165:
160:
152:
144:
136:
131:
123:
84:
67:
57:
49:
44:
40:
28:
23:
4074:Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle
3597:Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle
3427:American Commerce Center
3390:Cancelled/Stale proposal
2983:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
2542:"A DuSable park at last"
2418:Crain's Chicago Business
2254:"Condo Site Lives Again"
2056:Crain's Chicago Business
1996:Crain's Chicago Business
1933:Crain's Chicago Business
1805:Crain's Chicago Business
1774:Crain's Chicago Business
1717:Crain's Chicago Business
1278:Crain's Chicago Business
1216:Crain's Chicago Business
1073:Crain's Chicago Business
904:View of the site in 1963
842:subprime mortgage crisis
620:Crain's Chicago Business
350:environmentally friendly
301:, surpassed only by the
4057:Cancelled or distressed
3843:Millennium Tower, Tokyo
3742:Tradewinds Square Tower
3567:London Millennium Tower
3472:City Hall and City Duma
3346:Signature Tower Jakarta
3140:Dow Jones & Company
3135:The Wall Street Journal
2258:The Wall Street Journal
2096:The Wall Street Journal
1904:The Wall Street Journal
851:The Wall Street Journal
809:sustainable engineering
691:Chicago Spire site and
599:Future site development
294:Chicago Plan Commission
254:Chicago Plan Commission
182:Design and construction
108:41.889889°N 87.614889°W
4043:Lakeshore East I Tower
738:
696:
614:
571:Anglo Irish Bank Corp.
560:111 South Wacker Drive
496:
405:
364:
281:
244:and Chicago developer
3934:Supertall skyscrapers
3858:Palace of the Soviets
3707:Torre Bicentenario II
3492:Dubai Towers Istanbul
2102:on November 16, 2010.
1482:on September 27, 2007
1310:on December 16, 2008.
1247:"Subscription Center"
736:
706:DuSable Park, Chicago
690:
648:and northeast of the
612:
499:By October 2008, the
494:
401:
362:
328:by Spanish architect
285:Christopher T. Carley
276:
246:Christopher T. Carley
113:41.889889; -87.614889
3939:Megatall skyscrapers
3747:Trans National Place
3577:Lotte World II Hotel
3381:Uptown Dubai Tower 1
3215:Architectural Record
2822:"House & Home".
2731:. New York: Rizzoli.
2671:on September 8, 2007
2147:on February 13, 2011
2028:on December 13, 2009
1843:on December 26, 2008
1580:on February 26, 2012
1101:. SkyscraperPage.com
656:neighborhood of the
634:400 Lake Shore Drive
605:400 Lake Shore Drive
501:late-2000s recession
461:Chicago City Council
124:Construction started
3818:Empire World Towers
3652:Rama IX Super Tower
3642:Palacio de la Bahia
3109:on November 9, 2008
2803:on January 17, 2008
2754:on February 1, 2013
2552:on October 13, 2007
2420:. September 6, 2016
2338:on February 7, 2014
2203:on January 14, 2011
1968:on December 2, 2009
1549:on January 18, 2007
1449:The Washington Post
1381:"The Chicago Spire"
1331:on December 4, 2008
1251:chicagobusiness.com
1043:. SPG Media Limited
988:List of skyscrapers
798:dynamic wind damper
771:John Hancock Center
209:Structural engineer
104: /
45:General information
4033:Tribune East Tower
3992:Under construction
3702:Torre Bicentenario
3637:Karachi Port Tower
3487:Dubai Towers Dubai
3376:Tribune East Tower
3361:Taipei Twin Towers
3331:One Bayfront Plaza
3058:on January 7, 2009
3027:on August 16, 2009
2905:on August 29, 2007
2583:on January 7, 2009
2489:on January 7, 2009
2458:. October 31, 2018
2282:. November 3, 2014
1284:on January 7, 2009
1253:. November 3, 2014
811:practices to meet
739:
697:
615:
578:End of the project
497:
443:Santiago Calatrava
406:
365:
330:Santiago Calatrava
311:Western Hemisphere
282:
279:Santiago Calatrava
242:Santiago Calatrava
213:Thornton Tomasetti
191:Santiago Calatrava
53:Under construction
4092:
4091:
3947:
3946:
3717:Torre Planetarium
3687:South Ferry Plaza
3622:One Galleon Place
3502:East Office Tower
3467:Center City Tower
3422:102 Incheon Tower
3356:The One (Colombo)
3351:STH BNK by Beulah
3311:Affirmation Tower
3168:on April 30, 2009
3082:Chicago Sun-Times
2608:Chicago Sun-Times
2546:Chicago Sun-Times
2393:Irish Independent
2368:on March 14, 2014
2080:. Curbed Chicago.
2022:Chicago Sun-Times
1837:Chicago Sun-Times
1543:Chicago Sun-Times
1521:Chicago Sun-Times
863:Underground phase
545:mezzanine capital
324:The building was
313:, surpassing the
263:different project
226:
225:
161:Technical details
4139:
4064:7 South Dearborn
3974:
3967:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3692:Suyong Bay Tower
3657:Signature Towers
3632:Otterspool Tower
3627:One Queensbridge
3607:Oblisco Capitale
3542:Hotel Attraction
3522:Faros del Panamá
3447:Azerbaijan Tower
3432:Ameritrust Tower
3412:7 South Dearborn
3402:1 New York Place
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3164:. Archived from
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3052:Chicago Business
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3001:on June 23, 2009
2991:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2931:on June 24, 2009
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2879:on June 23, 2009
2873:Chicago Business
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2848:on June 24, 2009
2837:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2799:. Archived from
2792:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2750:. Archived from
2739:
2733:
2732:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2667:. Archived from
2663:Palmer, Laurie.
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2640:. Archived from
2636:Palmer, Laurie.
2633:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2610:. Archived from
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2577:Chicago Business
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2548:. Archived from
2537:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2520:on June 23, 2009
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2483:Chicago Business
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2024:. Archived from
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1874:on March 8, 2016
1870:. Archived from
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1839:. Archived from
1828:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1723:on June 23, 2009
1719:. Archived from
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1576:. Archived from
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1545:. Archived from
1534:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1471:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1424:on June 23, 2009
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1393:on June 20, 2010
1392:
1386:. Archived from
1385:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1280:. Archived from
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1243:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1222:on June 24, 2009
1218:. Archived from
1207:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1188:on June 22, 2011
1184:. Archived from
1173:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1148:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1079:on June 24, 2009
1075:. Archived from
1064:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1037:
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
913:
901:
751:Native Americans
677:Lake Shore Drive
569:In October 2010
509:Anglo Irish Bank
403:Garrett Kelleher
383:Garrett Kelleher
346:Richard M. Daley
334:Garrett Kelleher
259:Garrett Kelleher
238:Lake Shore Drive
195:Perkins and Will
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
71:Lake Shore Drive
33:
21:
20:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4052:
4021:
3987:
3978:
3948:
3943:
3915:
3761:
3677:Signature Tower
3537:Hermitage Plaza
3527:Grant USA Tower
3482:Dubai One Tower
3477:Crown Las Vegas
3385:
3306:80 South Street
3284:
3276:
3246:
3207:Further reading
3204:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3103:Chicago Tribune
3097:
3096:
3089:
3078:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3044:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2977:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2956:Chicago Tribune
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2838:
2831:
2824:Financial Times
2821:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2793:
2786:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2740:
2736:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2644:on June 5, 2010
2634:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2614:on May 13, 2007
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2534:
2523:
2521:
2506:
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2490:
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2450:
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2437:
2433:
2423:
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2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2362:Chicago Tribune
2356:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2332:Chicago Tribune
2326:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2308:. June 25, 2014
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2197:Chicago Tribune
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2107:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2048:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1988:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1962:Chicago Tribune
1954:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1925:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1896:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1829:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1796:
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1782:
1780:
1766:
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1752:
1750:
1748:Chicago Tribune
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1691:Chicago Tribune
1683:
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1666:
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1662:Chicago Tribune
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1099:"Chicago Spire"
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731:
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658:Near North Side
642:
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529:Bank of America
513:nationalization
489:
469:
456:
450:recent design.
438:Chicago Tribune
432:Chicago Tribune
396:
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289:Fordham Company
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250:Fordham Company
222:Case Foundation
219:Main contractor
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3798:Crystal Island
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Al Rajhi Tower
3780:
3775:
3773:Aeropolis 2001
3769:
3767:
3766:Never realized
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3757:Xujiahui Tower
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3737:Tower Infinity
3734:
3729:
3727:Tour Sans Fins
3724:
3719:
3714:
3712:Torre Generali
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:Tianlong Hotel
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
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3664:
3662:Sapphire Tower
3659:
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3647:Phoenix Towers
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3244:External links
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3203:
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3191:. Gapers Block
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2306:Curbed Chicago
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2260:. May 14, 2013
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2008:
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1123:. Repeat. 2008
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661:community area
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410:press releases
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3497:Dynamic Tower
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3457:BDNI Center 1
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3417:15 Penn Plaza
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3160:Drake, Gary.
3156:
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3084:. p. 44.
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2117:. CBS Chicago
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1523:. p. 51.
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790:Turning Torso
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747:Chicago River
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681:joint venture
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477:Beanie Babies
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343:Chicago Mayor
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24:Chicago Spire
22:
19:
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4068:
3903:Vortex Tower
3898:Ultima Tower
3888:Taiwan Tower
3863:Russia Tower
3853:PAGCOR Tower
3848:Murjan Tower
3833:The Illinois
3792:
3788:Bionic Tower
3587:Meraas Tower
3572:Lopez Center
3532:Grollo Tower
3462:Burj Al Alam
3321:Legacy Tower
3236:
3232:, 25, 66–72.
3229:
3225:, 22, 56–61.
3222:
3213:
3206:
3205:
3193:. Retrieved
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3166:the original
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3133:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3107:the original
3102:
3081:
3060:. Retrieved
3056:the original
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3003:. Retrieved
2999:the original
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2959:. Retrieved
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2929:the original
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2903:the original
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2881:. Retrieved
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2850:. Retrieved
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2805:. Retrieved
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2768:
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2728:
2722:
2710:
2698:. Retrieved
2695:cbslocal.com
2694:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
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2646:. Retrieved
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2455:
2446:
2434:
2424:November 10,
2422:. Retrieved
2417:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
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2370:. Retrieved
2366:the original
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2336:the original
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2284:. Retrieved
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2236:. Retrieved
2227:
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:the original
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2145:the original
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2119:. Retrieved
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2100:the original
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2061:December 22,
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1018:
1017:
952:May 25, 2008
866:
849:
838:
834:sales center
830:staging area
823:
820:Construction
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787:
767:Willis Tower
763:cantilevered
758:condominiums
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729:Architecture
723:
712:DuSable Park
709:
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693:DuSable Park
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541:unemployment
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376:
354:Donald Trump
341:
323:
303:Burj Khalifa
283:
229:
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187:Architect(s)
99:87°36′53.6″W
96:41°53′23.6″N
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3985:skyscrapers
3908:X-Seed 4000
3813:Dream Tower
3732:Tour Signal
3557:India Tower
3437:Anara Tower
3366:Tower Fifth
3341:Senna Tower
3282:skyscrapers
2700:January 17,
2514:Natarus.com
2462:November 1,
2342:February 7,
2312:January 17,
2286:November 3,
2238:October 27,
2207:January 19,
2177:January 15,
2151:January 15,
2032:December 9,
1811:October 17,
1418:Natarus.com
1257:January 17,
802:shear walls
716:radioactive
415:condominium
394:New designs
368:Development
166:Floor count
111: /
86:Coordinates
62:Residential
4101:Categories
3667:Seoul Lite
3442:Asia Plaza
3296:247 Cherry
3230:Metropolis
3218:, 193, 29.
1781:Retrieved
1014:References
885:foundation
673:Ogden Slip
381:developer
277:Architect
234:skyscraper
174:Floor area
3552:Ice Tower
3336:PVN Tower
2372:March 14,
2141:Bloomberg
1105:August 3,
881:cofferdam
652:, in the
646:Navy Pier
617:In 2016,
564:NBC Tower
524:NBC Tower
481:Ty Warner
467:Marketing
447:developer
445:and lead
201:Developer
153:Top floor
4026:Proposed
3980:Planned
3924:Arcology
3682:Sky City
3289:Proposed
3195:July 20,
3172:July 20,
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2232:Archived
1783:July 18,
1753:July 18,
1727:July 18,
1696:July 18,
1667:July 18,
1638:July 18,
1634:. Repeat
1615:July 19,
1584:July 18,
1553:July 19,
1503:Business
1486:July 19,
1454:July 18,
1428:July 18,
1397:July 18,
1361:July 18,
1355:NBC News
1335:July 19,
1288:July 18,
1226:July 18,
1192:July 18,
1158:July 20,
1127:July 18,
1083:July 18,
1047:July 18,
982:See also
873:caissons
667:and the
640:Location
556:bailouts
454:Approval
387:chairman
326:designed
315:CN Tower
269:Planning
78:Illinois
68:Location
3982:Chicago
3803:DIB-200
3397:1 Dubai
3371:Tower M
2748:Reuters
2398:May 15,
2264:May 20,
2228:Reuters
877:bedrock
826:caisson
749:lit by
719:thorium
536:AFL–CIO
424:parking
319:Toronto
287:of the
248:of the
74:Chicago
4013:Cirrus
3912:Xtopia
2456:Dezeen
2173:. 2010
2121:May 1,
891:Images
775:states
743:nature
232:was a
132:Height
50:Status
4004:1000M
3223:Azure
1391:(PDF)
1384:(PDF)
1019:Notes
868:Crane
779:lobby
379:Irish
3197:2009
3174:2009
3147:2009
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2760:2009
2702:2015
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2495:2009
2464:2018
2426:2016
2400:2018
2374:2014
2344:2014
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2240:2014
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2179:2011
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547:and
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