Shivaji - Knowledge

1919: 1927: 2830:. His strategies consistently perplexed and defeated armies sent against him. He realized that the most vulnerable point of the large, slow-moving armies of the time was supply. He utilised knowledge of the local terrain and the superior mobility of his light cavalry to cut off supplies to the enemy. Shivaji refused to confront the enemy in pitched battles. Instead, he lured the enemies into difficult hills and jungles of his own choosing, catching them at a disadvantage and routing them. Shivaji did not adhere to a particular tactic but used several methods to undermine his enemies, as required by circumstances, such as sudden raids, sweeps and ambushes, and psychological warfare. 1742: 3102: 2970: 2339:, this campaign nominally increased the size of Mughal Empire, but ended in a strategic defeat and had a ruinous effect on Mughal Empire. Aurangzeb spent 27 years in Deccan, but ultimately failed to achieve his objective of conquering the Marathas, while, draining the Mughal treasury, and almost irreparably damaging the strength and morale of the Mughal army. According to contemporary sources, about 2.5 million of Aurangzeb's army were killed during the Mughal–Maratha Wars (100,000 annually over a quarter-century), while 2 million civilians in war-torn lands died due to drought, 1860:

Danda-Rajpuri. The English had misgivings of the advantages Shivaji would gain from this conquest, but also did not want to lose any chance of receiving compensation for his looting their factories at Rajapur. The English sent Lieutenant Stephen Ustick to treat with Shivaji, but negotiations failed over the issue of the Rajapur indemnity. Numerous exchanges of envoys followed over the coming years, with some agreement as to the arms issues in 1674, but Shivaji was never to pay the Rajapur indemnity before his death, and the factory there dissolved at the end of 1682.

2228: 2707:, who is the head of Hindus. But to oppress ants and flies is not at all valour nor spirit. If you believe in Quran, God is the lord of all men and not just of Muslims only. Verily, Islam and Hinduism are terms of contrast. They are used by the true Divine Painter for blending the colours and filling in the outlines. If it is a mosque, the call to prayer is chanted in remembrance of God. If it is a temple, the bells are rung in yearning for God alone. To show bigotry to any man's religion and practices is to alter the words of the Holy Book. 2755: 2743: 1260: 2797: 9837: 2860: 3335: 362: 9514: 3219: 9651: 60: 1693: 1339: 1819: 1886:(commander-in-chief of the Maratha forces), was sent to push back the invading force led by the Bijapuri general, Bahlol Khan. Prataprao's forces defeated and captured the opposing general in the battle, after cutting-off their water supply by encircling a strategic lake, which prompted Bahlol Khan to sue for peace. In spite of Shivaji's specific warnings against doing so, Prataprao released Bahlol Khan, who started preparing for a fresh invasion. 1413: 2920: 3393: 1425: 9369: 665: 1575: 1474:(metal "tiger claw") on his left arm, and had a dagger in his right hand. What transpired is not known with historical certainty, mainly Maratha legends tell the tale; however, it is agreed that the two wound up in a physical struggle that proved fatal for Khan. Khan's dagger failed to pierce Shivaji's armour, but Shivaji disembowelled him; Shivaji then fired a cannon to signal his hidden troops to attack the Bijapuri army. 3147:(1900) declared Shivaji's achievements as the beginning of modern nation-building. Ranade criticised earlier British portrayals of Shivaji's state as "a freebooting power, which thrived by plunder and adventure, and succeeded only because it was the most cunning and adventurous ... This is a very common feeling with the readers, who derive their knowledge of these events solely from the works of English historians." 1629: 9526: 1761:

back home and asked Ram Singh to withdraw his guarantees to the emperor for the safe custody of himself and his son. He surrendered to Mughal forces. Shivaji then pretended to be ill and began sending out large baskets packed with sweets to be given to the Brahmins and poor as penance. On 17 August 1666, by putting himself in one of the large baskets and his son Sambhaji in another, Shivaji escaped and left Agra.

9502: 2209:. Venkoji's wife Dipa Bai, whom Shivaji deeply respected, took up new negotiations with Shivaji and also convinced her husband to distance himself from his Muslim advisors. In the end, Shivaji consented to turn over to her and her female descendants many of the properties he had seized, with Venkoji consenting to a number of conditions for the proper administration of the territories and maintenance of 9538: 1836:

Afghans, greatly reduced his army in the Deccan; many of the disbanded soldiers quickly joined Maratha service. The Mughals also took away the jagir of Berar from Shivaji to recover the money lent to him a few years earlier. In response, Shivaji launched an offensive against the Mughals and in a span of four months recovered a major portion of the territories that had been surrendered to them.

1485:'s forces. More than 3,000 soldiers of the Bijapur army were killed; and one sardar of high rank, two sons of Afzal Khan, and two Maratha chiefs were taken prisoner. After the victory, a grand review was held by Shivaji below Pratapgarh. The captured enemy, both officers and men, were set free and sent back to their homes with money, food, and other gifts. Marathas were rewarded accordingly. 1757:, now in Afghanistan, to consolidate the Mughal empire's northwestern frontier. However, on 12 May 1666, Shivaji was made to stand at court alongside relatively low-ranking nobles, men he had already defeated in battle. Shivaji took offence, stormed out, and was promptly placed under house arrest. Ram Singh, son of Jai Singh, guaranteed custody of Shivaji and his son. 9490: 1994:, instead of putting him on a par with the Brahmins. Next day, Shivaji made atonement for the sins, deliberate or accidental, committed in his own lifetime. He was weighed separately against seven metals including gold, silver, and several other articles, such fine linen, camphor, salt, sugar etc. All these articles, along with a 1998:(one hundred thousand) of hun, were distributed among the Brahmins. According to Sarkar, even this failed to satisfy the greed of the Brahmins. Two of the learned Brahmins pointed out that Shivaji, while conducting his raids, had killed Brahmins, cows, women, and children. He could be cleansed of these sins for a price of 1518:, and also hired some English artillerymen to assist in his bombardment of the fort, conspicuously flying a flag used by the English. This perceived betrayal angered Shivaji, who in December would retaliate by plundering the English factory at Rajapur and capturing four of the owners, imprisoning them until mid-1663. 2128: 3570:

Shivaji was not attempting to create a universal Hindu rule. Over and over, he espoused tolerance and syncretism. He even called on Aurangzeb to act like Akbar in according respect to Hindu beliefs and places. Shivaji had no difficulty in allying with the Muslim states which surrounded him – Bijapur,

2735:

Shivaji was not attempting to create a universal Hindu rule. He was tolerant of different religions and believed in syncretism. He urged Aurangzeb to act like Akbar in according respect to Hindu beliefs and places. Shivaji had little trouble forming alliances with the surrounding Muslim nations, even

1760:

Shivaji's position under house arrest was perilous, as Aurangzeb's court debated whether to kill him or continue to employ him. Jai Singh, having assured Shivaji of his personal safety, tried to influence Aurangzeb's decision. Meanwhile, Shivaji hatched a plan to free himself. He sent most of his men

7635:

Shivaji and His Times, was widely regarded as the authoritative follow-up to Grant Duff. An erudite, painstaking Rankean scholar, Sarkar was also able to access a wide variety of sources through his mastery of Persian, Marathi, and Arabic, but as explained in the last chapter, he earned considerable

3522:

As per Stewart Gordon, there is no proof for this, and Shivaji probably bribed the guards. But other Maratha Historians including A. R. Kulkarni and G. B. Mehendale disagree with Gordon. Jadunath Sarkar probed more deeply into this and put forth a large volume of evidence from Rajasthani letters and

2471:

In the 1750s, the "frontier" extended north to Delhi. In this period, the Mughal government directly controlled little territory further than fifty miles from the capital. Even this was fiercely fought over. Jats and Rohillas disputed for the territory; factions fought for the throne, and the Afghan

1889:

Shivaji sent a letter to Prataprao, expressing his displeasure and refusing him an audience until Bahlol Khan was re-captured. Upset by this rebuke, Prataprao found Bahlol Khan and charged his position with only six other horsemen, leaving his main force behind, and was killed in combat. Shivaji was

1859:

In October 1670, Shivaji sent his forces to harass the English at Bombay; as they had refused to sell him war materiel, his forces blocked English woodcutting parties from leaving Bombay. In September 1671, Shivaji sent an ambassador to Bombay, again seeking materiel, this time for the fight against

3209:

At the end of the 19th century, Shivaji's memory was leveraged by the non-Brahmin intellectuals of Mumbai, who identified as his descendants and through him claimed the kshatriya varna. While some Brahmins rebutted this identity, defining them as of the lower shudra varna, other Brahmins recognised

2112:

Shivaji's mother died on 18 June 1674. The Marathas summoned Nischal Puri Goswami, a tantric priest, who declared that the original coronation had been held under inauspicious stars, and a second coronation was needed. This second coronation, on 24 September 1674, mollified those who still believed

6063:

Shivaji was obliged to undergo a second coronation ceremony on 4th October 1674, on the suggestion of a well-known Tantrik priest, named Nishchal Puri Goswami, who said that Gaga Bhatta had performed the ceremony at an inauspicious hour and neglected to propitiate the spirits adored in the Tantra.

3131:

organised what was to be an annual festival to mark the birthday of Shivaji. He portrayed Shivaji as the "opponent of the oppressor", with possible negative implications concerning the colonial government. Tilak denied any suggestion that his festival was anti-Muslim or disloyal to the government,

2786:

Older Maratha histories asserted that Shivaji was a close follower of Ramdas, a Brahmin teacher, who guided him in an orthodox Hindu path; recent research has shown that Shivaji did not meet or know Ramdas until late in his life. Rather, Shivaji followed his own judgement throughout his remarkable

2727:

argues that the roots of modern communalism (the antagonism between Hindu and Muslim "communities") first appeared in the decade 1677–1687, in the interplay between Shivaji and the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (though Shivaji died in 1680). During the sack of Surat in 1664, Shivaji was approached by

1715:

with an army numbering around 15,000 to defeat Shivaji. Throughout 1665, Jai Singh's forces pressed Shivaji, with their cavalry razing the countryside, and besieging Shivaji's forts. The Mughal commander succeeded in luring away several of Shivaji's key commanders, and many of his cavalrymen, into

2665:

At his court, Shivaji replaced Persian, the common courtly language in the region, with Marathi, and emphasised Hindu political and courtly traditions. Shivaji's reign stimulated the deployment of Marathi as a systematic tool of description and understanding. Shivaji's royal seal was in Sanskrit.

3560:

As for the cause of his death, the Bombay Council's letter dated 28 April 1680 says: "We have certain news that Shivaji Rajah is dead. It is now 23 days since he deceased, it is said of a bloody flux, being sick 12 days." A contemporaneous Portuguese document states that Shivaji died of anthrax.

3076:

that depict Shivaji as an almost divine figure, an ideal Hindu king who overthrew Muslim dominion. The current academic consensus is that while these Bakhars are important for understanding how Shivaji was viewed in his time, they must be correlated with other sources to decide historical truth.

2478:

For the Marathas, probably the two most significant events of the whole chaotic period in Delhi were a treaty in 1752, which made them protector of the Mughal throne (and gave them the right to collect chauth in the Punjab), and the civil war of 1753, by which the Maratha nominee ended up on the

1835:

The peace between Shivaji and the Mughals lasted until 1670, after which Aurangzeb became suspicious of the close ties between Shivaji and Mu'azzam, who he thought might usurp his throne, and may even have been receiving bribes from Shivaji. Also at that time, Aurangzeb, occupied in fighting the

1605:

in cash and 200 horses. Aurangzeb responded to the raids by sending Nasiri Khan, who defeated the forces of Shivaji at Ahmednagar. However, Aurangzeb's countermeasures against Shivaji were interrupted by the rainy season and his battles with his brothers over the succession to the Mughal throne,

1590:

of the Deccan, in conquering Bijapur, in return for formal recognition of his right to the Bijapuri forts and villages in his possession. Dissatisfied with the Mughal response, and receiving a better offer from Bijapur, he launched a raid into the Mughal Deccan. Shivaji's confrontations with the

1463:

fort, where many of his colleagues pressed him to surrender. The two forces found themselves at a stalemate, with Shivaji unable to break the siege, while Afzal Khan, having a powerful cavalry but lacking siege equipment, was unable to take the fort. After two months, Afzal Khan sent an envoy to

6639: 2945:

With the Marathas being accustomed to a land-based military, Shivaji widened his search for qualified crews for his ships, taking on lower-caste Hindus of the coast who were long familiar with naval operations (the famed "Malabar pirates"), as well as Muslim mercenaries. Noting the power of the

6294:

Shivaji's and Ekoji's armies met in battle on 26 November 1677, and Ekoji was defeated. By the treaty he signed, Bangalore and the adjoining areas were given to Shivaji, who then made them over to Ekoji's wife Deepabai to be held by her, with the proviso that Ekoji had to ensure that Shahaji's

3512:

Jadunath Sarkar after weighing all recorded evidence in this behalf, has settled the point "that Afzal Khan struck the first blow" and that "Shivaji committed.... a preventive murder. It was a case of a diamond cut diamond." The conflict between Shivaji and Bijapur was essentially political in

1654:

On the night of 5 April 1663, Shivaji led a daring night attack on Shaista Khan's camp. He, along with 400 men, attacked Shaista Khan's mansion, broke into Khan's bedroom and wounded him. Khan lost three fingers. In the scuffle, Shaista Khan's son and several wives, servants, and soldiers were

6105:

The coronation was performed at first according to the Vedic rites, then according to the Tantric. Shivaji was anxious to satisfy all sections of his subjects. There was some doubt about his Kshatriya origin (see note at the end of this chapter). This was of more than academic interest to his

1989:

On 28 May, Shivaji did penance for his and his ancestors' not observing Kshatriya rites for so long. Then he was invested by Gaga Bhatt with the sacred thread. On the insistence of other Brahmins, Gaga Bhatt omitted the Vedic chant and initiated Shivaji into a modified form of the life of the

1397:

rights. Shivaji adopted different strategies to subdue these powerful families, such as forming marital alliances, dealing directly with village Patils to bypass the Deshmukhs, or subduing them by force. Shahaji in his later years had an ambivalent attitude toward his son, and disavowed his

2804:

Seals were a means to confer authenticity on official documents. Shahaji and Jijabai had Persian seals. But Shivaji, right from the beginning, used Sanskrit for his seal. The seal proclaims: "This seal of Shiva, son of Shah, shines forth for the welfare of the people and is meant to command

1643:, with an army numbering over 150,000, along with a powerful artillery division, in January 1660 to attack Shivaji in conjunction with Bijapur's army led by Siddi Jauhar. Shaista Khan, with his better equipped and well provisioned army of 80,000 seized Pune. He also took the nearby fort of 581:, Shivaji entered into vassalage with the Mughal empire, assuming the role of a Mughal chief and undertaking military expeditions on behalf of the empire for a brief duration. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a 1554:, the smaller Maratha force held back the larger enemy to buy time for Shivaji to escape. Baji Prabhu Deshpande was wounded but continued to fight until he heard the sound of cannon fire from Vishalgad, signalling Shivaji had safely reached the fort, on the evening of 13 July 1660. 1769:

After Shivaji's escape, hostilities with the Mughals ebbed, with the Mughal sardar Jaswant Singh acting as an intermediary between Shivaji and Aurangzeb for new peace proposals. Between 1666 and 1668, Aurangzeb conferred the title of raja on Shivaji. Sambhaji was also restored as a

1467:

The two met in a hut in the foothills of Pratapgad fort on 10 November 1659. The arrangements had dictated that each come armed only with a sword, and attended by one follower. Shivaji, suspecting Afzal Khan would arrest or attack him, wore armour beneath his clothes, concealed a

1509:

and Fazl Khan, in 1659. In 1660, Adilshah sent his general Siddi Jauhar to attack Shivaji's southern border, in alliance with the Mughals who planned to attack from the north. At that time, Shivaji was encamped at Panhala fort with his forces. Siddi Jauhar's army besieged

2177:

of the Golkonda sultanate, who agreed to renounce his alliance with Bijapur and jointly oppose the Mughals. In 1677, Shivaji invaded Karnataka with 30,000 cavalry and 40,000 infantry, backed by Golkonda artillery and funding. Proceeding south, Shivaji seized the forts of

2850:

infantry served as the core of his ground forces (reinforced by Telangi musketeers from Karnataka) and supported by Maratha cavalry. His artillery was relatively underdeveloped and reliant on European suppliers, further inclining him to a very mobile form of warfare.

2904:

assessed that Shivaji owned some 240–280 forts at the time of his death. Each was placed under three officers of equal status, lest a single traitor be bribed or tempted to deliver it to the enemy. The officers acted jointly and provided mutual checks and balances.

3097:

James Grant Duff, a British administrator, published his 3-volume work on History of Marathas in 1863. This work is mostly a chronological sequence of events and more of a political history with little to no insight about other aspects of Maharashtra's history.

1255:

Shahaji was a rebel from brief Mughal service. Shahaji's campaigns against the Mughals, supported by the Bijapur government, were generally unsuccessful. He was constantly pursued by the Mughal army, and Shivaji and his mother Jijabai had to move from fort to

3262:) political party was formed to promote the interests of Marathi-speaking people in the face of migration to Maharashtra from other parts of India, and the accompanying loss of power of locals. His image adorns literature, propaganda, and icons of the party. 2736:

against Hindu powers. He also did not join forces with certain other Hindu powers fighting the Mughals, such as the Rajputs. His own army had Muslim leaders from early on. The first Pathan unit was formed in 1656. His admiral, Darya Sarang, was a Muslim.

3229:

In modern times, Shivaji is considered as a national hero in India, especially in the state of Maharashtra, where he remains an important figure in the state's history. Stories of his life form an integral part of the upbringing and identity of the

2817:

castes. Shivaji was aware of the limitations of his army. He realised that conventional warfare methods were inadequate to confront the big, well-trained cavalry of the Mughals, which was equipped with field artillery. As a result, Shivaji mastered

3832: 3166:. Sarkar was able to read primary sources in Persian, Marathi, and Arabic, but was challenged for his criticism of the "chauvinism" of Marathi historians' views of Shivaji. Likewise, although supporters cheered his depiction of the killing of 2883:

Hill forts played a key role in Shivaji's strategy. Ramchandra Amatya, one of Shivaji's ministers, describes the achievement of Shivaji by saying that his empire was created from forts. Shivaji captured important Adilshahi forts at Murambdev

1335:. The Bijapur government took note of these happenings and sought to take action. On 25 July 1648, Shahaji was imprisoned by a fellow Maratha sardar called Baji Ghorpade, under the orders of the Bijapur government, in a bid to contain Shivaji. 3561:

However, none of these sources provides sufficient details to draw a definite conclusion. The Sabhasad Chronicle states that the King died of fever, while some versions of the A.K. Chronicle state that he died of "navjvar" (possibly typhoid).

1356:

secured Adilshah's position in Karnataka. During 1649–1655, Shivaji paused in his conquests and quietly consolidated his gains. Following his father's release, Shivaji resumed raiding, and in 1656, under controversial circumstances, killed

2845:

Shivaji demonstrated great skill in creating his military organisation, which lasted until the demise of the Maratha Empire. His strategy rested on leveraging his ground forces, naval forces, and series of forts across his territory. The

2061:—over Shivaji's head, and chanted the Vedic coronation mantras. After the ablution, Shivaji bowed before his mother, Jijabai, and touched her feet. Nearly fifty thousand people gathered at Raigad for the ceremonies. Shivaji was entitled 2900:. He also rebuilt or repaired many forts in advantageous locations. In addition, Shivaji built a number of forts, numbering 111 according to some accounts, but it is likely the actual number "did not exceed 18." The historian 3132:

but simply a celebration of a hero. These celebrations prompted a British commentator in 1906 to note: "Cannot the annals of the Hindu race point to a single hero whom even the tongue of slander will not dare call a chief of

2682:

Many modern commentators have deemed Shivaji's religious policies as tolerant. While encouraging Hinduism, Shivaji not only allowed Muslims to practice without harassment, but supported their ministries with endowments. When

2168:

In the run-up to his expedition, Shivaji appealed to a sense of Deccani patriotism, that Southern India was a homeland that should be protected from outsiders. His appeal was somewhat successful, and in 1677 Shivaji visited

3322:, and that his style of governance was influenced by that of the Mughal Empire. Congress Party members called for legal actions against the publisher and writer, Marathi newspapers accused them of "imperial prejudice", and 2946:

Portuguese navy, Shivaji hired a number of Portuguese sailors and Goan Christian converts, and made Rui Leitao Viegas commander of his fleet. Viegas was later to defect back to the Portuguese, taking 300 sailors with him.

2273:

by jumping into his funeral pyre. Another surviving spouse, Sakwarbai, was not allowed to follow suit because she had a young daughter. There were also allegations, though doubted by later scholars, that his second wife

3022:

missionary. 'The Frankish Padres are good men', he said 'and shall not be attacked.' He spared also the house of a deceased Delale or Gentile broker, of the Dutch, because assured that he had been very charitable while

1962:(warrior class) in Hindu society. Shivaji was descended from a line of headmen of farming villages, and the Brahmins accordingly categorised him as a Maratha, not a Kshatriya. They noted that Shivaji had never had a 2205:(Tanjore) after Shahaji. The initially promising negotiations were unsuccessful, so whilst returning to Raigad, Shivaji defeated his half-brother's army on 26 November 1677 and seized most of his possessions on the 588:

Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil administration with well-structured administrative institutions. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions, court conventions and promoted the use of the

1435:

The Bijapur sultanate was displeased with their losses to Shivaji's forces, with their vassal Shahaji disavowing his son's actions. After a peace treaty with the Mughals, and the general acceptance of the young

3532:

Most of the great Maratha Jahagirdar families in the service of Adilshahi strongly opposed Shivaji in his early years. These included families such as the Ghadge, More, Mohite, Ghorpade, Shirke, and Nimbalkar.

6471:

By June 1680 three months after Shivaji's death Rajaram was made a prisoner in the fort of Raigad, along with his mother Soyra Bai and his wife Janki Bai. Soyra Bai was put to death on charge of conspiracy.

1839:

Shivaji sacked Surat for a second time in 1670; the English and Dutch factories were able to repel his attack, but he managed to sack the city itself, including plundering the goods of a Muslim prince from

601:

at court and in administration. Praised for his chivalrous treatment of women, Shivaji employed people of all castes and religions, including Muslims and Europeans, in his administration and armed forces.

3326:

called for the writer's public flogging. Maharashtra brought legal action against the publisher under regulations prohibiting enmity between religious and cultural groups, but a High Court found that the

2556:, was an administrative and advisory council set up by Shivaji. It consisted of eight ministers who regularly advised Shivaji on political and administrative matters. The eight ministers were as follows: 2257:, after being sick for 12 days. In a contemporary work in Portuguese, in the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, the recorded cause of death of Shivaji is anthrax. However, Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad, author of 6084:

one to establish that Shivaji belonged to the Kshatriya clan and that he could be crowned a Chhatrapati and the other to show that he was not entitled to the Vedic form of recitations at the time of the

2993:

Shivaji was admired for his heroic exploits and clever stratagems in the contemporary accounts of English, French, Dutch, Portuguese, and Italian writers. Contemporary English writers compared him with

7978:

Will the Minister of Education, Social Welfare and Culture be pleased to state: (a) whether Shri Shivshahir Bawa Saheb Purandare of Maharashtra has sought the permission of Central Government ...

1942:, with no legal basis to rule his de facto domain. A kingly title could address this and also prevent any challenges by other Maratha leaders, who were his equals. Such a title would also provide the 7025: 8628: 1283:

as Poona's administrator. Shivaji and Jijabai settled in Poona. Kondadeo died in 1647 and Shivaji took over its administration. One of his first acts directly challenged the Bijapuri government.

8327: 8010: 6106:

contemporaries, especially Brahmans . Traditionally considered the highest caste in the Hindu social hierarchy. the Brahmans would submit to Shivaji, and officiate at his coronation, only if his

5033: 2514:

In the first half of the 19th century, the British East India Company was increasing its strength in India. Charles Metcalfe, a British official and later acting governor-general, said in 1806:

2432:

Shivaji's greatest legacy was laying the foundation for the Maratha Empire, which played a significant role in undermining the military and economic strength and prestige of the Mughal Empire.

3571:

Golconda, and the Mughals – even against Hindu powers, such as the nayaks of the Karnatic. Further, he did not ally with other Hindu powers, such as the Rajputs, rebelling against the Mughals.

1978:, and thus indeed a kshatriya, albeit one in need of the ceremonies befitting his rank. To enforce this status, Shivaji was given a sacred thread ceremony, and remarried his spouses under the 1543:, along with 300 soldiers, volunteered to fight to the death to hold back the enemy at Ghod Khind ("horse ravine") to give Shivaji and the rest of the army a chance to reach the safety of the 3202:

had in 1934 noted "Some of the Shivaji's deeds, like the treacherous killing of the Bijapur general, lower him greatly in our estimation." Following a public outcry from Pune intellectuals,

2518:

India contains no more than two great powers, British and Maratha, and every other state acknowledges the influence of one or the other. Every inch that we recede will be occupied by them.

2161:, but failed to dislodge them. Having recovered from an illness, and taking advantage of a civil war that had broken out between the Deccanis and the Afghans at Bijapur, Shivaji raided 8545: 9391: 8386: 8213: 1727:

to the Mughals. Shivaji agreed to become a vassal of the Mughal empire, and to send his son Sambhaji, along with 5,000 horsemen, to fight for the Mughals in the Deccan, as a

8497: 7224:

Abhang, C. J. (2014). UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS OF EAST INDIA COMPANY REGARDING DESTRUCTION OF FORTS IN JUNNER REGION. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 75, 448–454.

3523:

Persian Akhbars. With the help of this new material, Sarkar presented a graphic account of Shivajï's visit to Aurangzeb at Agra and his escape. Kulkarni agrees with Sarkar.

8438: 1521:

After months of siege, Shivaji negotiated with Siddi Jauhar and handed over the fort on 22 September 1660, withdrawing to Vishalgad; Shivaji would retake Panhala in 1673.

1369:. The conquest of Javali allowed Shivaji to extend his raids into south and southwest Maharashtra. In addition to the Bhonsle and the More families, many others—including 499: 494: 2942:. Marathi chronicles state that at its height his fleet counted some 400 warships, although contemporary English chronicles counter that the number never exceeded 160. 3446:

was approved in 2016; the memorial is to be located near Mumbai on a small island in the Arabian Sea. It will be 210 metres (690 ft) tall, which will make it the

1440:

as the sultan, the Bijapur government became more stable, and turned its attention towards Shivaji. In 1657, the sultan, or more likely his mother and regent, sent

8297: 469: 1949:

The preparation for a proposed coronation began in 1673. However, some controversies delayed the coronation by almost a year. One controversy erupted amongst the

3063:

His chivalry to women and strict enforcement of morality in his camp was a wonder in that age and has extorted the admiration of hostile critics like Khafi Khan.

10191: 605:

Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time, but nearly two centuries after his death he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the

439: 7386: 424: 2293:

after killing the commander, and on 18 June acquired control of Raigad, and formally ascended the throne on 20 July. Rajaram, his mother Soyarabai and wife

1723:, signed by Shivaji and Jai Singh on 11 June 1665, Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of his forts, keeping 12 for himself, and pay compensation of 400,000 gold 504: 444: 8464: 3462:

was underway. Consequently, the state public works department proposed extending the completion date by a year, from 18 October 2021 to 18 October 2022.

8160: 8331: 8272: 4248:

Marathi book Shivkaal (Times of Shivaji) by Dr V G Khobrekar, Publisher: Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture, 1st. ed. 2006. Chapter 1

3417: 3186: 2703:

In strict justice, the Jizya is not at all lawful. If you imagine piety in oppressing and terrorising the Hindus, you ought to first levy the tax on

6580: 8245: 3719: 6887:

The Portuguese and the Marathas: Translation of Articles of the Late Dr. Pandurang S. Pissurlenkar's Portugueses E Maratas in Portuguese Language

3823:

Scammell, G. (1992). European Exiles, Renegades and Outlaws and the Maritime Economy of Asia c. 1500–1750. Modern Asian Studies, 26(4), 641–661.

9239:

Jasper, Daniel (2003). "Commemorating the 'golden age' of Shivaji in Maharashtra, India, and the development of Maharashtrian public politics".

5681:

On the ground that Shivaji was merely a Maratha and not a kshatriya by caste, Maharashtra's Brahmins had refused to conduct a sacred coronation.

3435:. In Maharashtra, there has been a long tradition of children building replica forts with toy soldiers and other figures during the festival of 2719:

Had not there been Shivaji, Kashi would have lost its culture, Mathura would have been turned into a mosque and all would have been circumcised.

2002:. 8,000, which Shivaji paid. The total expenditure for feeding the assemblage, general almsgiving, throne, and ornaments approached 1.5 million 7832: 5432:

Marathas And The Maratha Country: Vol. I: Medieval Maharashtra: Vol. II: Medieval Maratha Country: Vol. III: The Marathas (1600–1648) (3 Vols.)

391: 5925:. Published under the authority of the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh by the Director of State Archives (Andhra Pradesh State Archives). p. 393. 2754: 9826: 8555: 7773: 3381:

upheld the lifting of the ban. This lifting was followed by public demonstrations against the author and the decision of the Supreme Court.

3198:

As political tensions rose in India in the early 20th century, some Indian leaders came to re-work their earlier stances on Shivaji's role.

3018:

I forgot to mention that during pillage of Sourate, Seva-Gy, the Holy Seva-Gi! respected the habitation of the Reverend Father Ambrose, the

5737: 1514:

in mid-1660, cutting off supply routes to the fort. During the bombardment of Panhala, Siddi Jauhar purchased grenades from the English at

1398:

rebellious activities. He told the Bijapuris to do whatever they wanted with Shivaji. Shahaji died around 1664–1665 in a hunting accident.

8353: 7997:

Sumitra Raje Bhonsale of Satara honoured Shri Purandare with the title of "Shiva-shahir" and donated Rs. 301 for the proposed publication.

1716:

Mughal service. By mid-1665, with the fortress at Purandar besieged and near capture, Shivaji was forced to come to terms with Jai Singh.

1655:

killed. The Khan took refuge with the Mughal forces outside of Pune, and Aurangzeb punished him for this embarrassment with a transfer to

10696: 17: 7430: 4395:

Kulkarni, A.R., 1990. Maratha Policy Towards the Adil Shahi Kingdom. Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, 49, pp. 221–226.

736:

rights of Pune, Supe, Chakan, and Indapur to provide for military expenses. He was also given Fort Shivneri for his family's residence (

8223: 3206:

leader T. R. Deogirikar noted that Nehru had admitted he was wrong regarding Shivaji, and now endorsed Shivaji as a great nationalist.

3482:

Based on multiple committees of historians and experts, the Government of Maharashtra accepts 19 February 1630 as his birthdate. This

2732:

friar who asked him to spare the city's Christians. Shivaji left the Christians untouched, saying "the Frankish Padrys are good men."

2657:

Except the Panditrao and Nyayadhis, all other ministers held military commands, their civil duties often being performed by deputies.

1299:, and seized the large treasure he found there. In the following two years, Shivaji took several important forts near Pune, including 7636:

hostility from the Poona school for his sharp criticism of the "chauvinism" he saw in Marathi historians' appraisals of the Marathas

6228:

The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 2, 1500–1799): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas

3389:

Shivaji's statues and monuments are found almost in every town and city in Maharashtra, as well as in different places across India.

1934:

Shivaji had acquired extensive lands and wealth through his campaigns, but lacking a formal title, he was still technically a Mughal

8523: 6064:

That was why, he said, the queen mother Jija Bai had died within twelve days of the ceremony and similar other mishaps had occurred.

3680:

Mohan Apte, Porag Mahajani, M. N. Vahia. Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to Gregorian Calendars

2311:

In 1681, soon after Shivaji's death, Aurangzeb launched an offensive in the South, to capture territories held by the Marathas, the

3649: 3059:). His chivalrous treatment of enemies and women has been praised by Mughal authors, including Khafi Khan. Jadunath Sarkar writes: 8501: 5007:. Vol. 4. Vice Chancellor, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute (Deemed University), Pune. pp. 135–146. 2459:, acting on the authority of the Mughal emperor, recognised Marathas as rulers of Malwa and sovereign of all territories between 2361:

during the 27-year conflict. After the latter's death, his successor released Shahu. After a brief power struggle with his aunt

3362: 3210:

the Marathas' utility to the Indian independence movement, and endorsed this kshatriya legacy and the significance of Shivaji.

10666: 9305: 9221: 9181: 9154: 9060: 9040: 9020: 9000: 8959: 8939: 8919: 8892: 8872: 8835: 8815: 8788: 8768: 8748: 8718: 8694: 8670: 8580: 8066: 7940: 7902: 7757: 7730: 7703: 7659: 7628: 7601: 7546: 7519: 7370: 7311: 7260: 7209: 7182: 7149: 7116: 7089: 7062: 7035: 7008: 6981: 6954: 6927: 6818: 6779: 6752: 6704: 6676: 6649: 6622: 6551: 6521: 6494: 6375: 6287: 6236: 6170: 6022: 5978: 5903: 5876: 5810: 5783: 5716: 5674: 5625: 5440: 5413: 5386: 5359: 5332: 5305: 5278: 5251: 5224: 5197: 5158: 5119: 4961: 4934: 4895: 4828: 4789: 4735: 4657: 4582: 4555: 4528: 4491: 4428: 4269: 4233: 4206: 4179: 4129: 4062: 4037: 4012: 3949: 3896: 3869: 3776: 3744: 3659: 3620: 1296: 3285:

became one of the most significant authors in portraying Shivaji in his writings, leading him to be declared in 1964 as the

2033:

in the year 1596. Gaga Bhatt officiated, pouring water from a gold vessel filled with the waters of the seven sacred rivers—

10331: 10168: 1852:

to intercept Shivaji on his return home from Surat; this force was defeated in the Battle of Vani-Dindori near present-day

1753:(though some sources instead state Delhi), along with his nine-year-old son Sambhaji. Aurangzeb planned to send Shivaji to 8188: 6917: 2837:

and his generals, because of his guerilla tactics of attacking enemy forces and then retreating into his mountain forts.

2384:

In a bid to effectively manage the large empire, Shahu and the Peshwas gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of the lords,

8305: 5948: 2813:

Shivaji maintained a small but effective standing army. The core of Shivaji's army consisted of peasants of Maratha and

1918: 8979: 4318: 1566:("sacred pass") in honour of Bajiprabhu Deshpande, Shibosingh Jadhav, Fuloji, and all other soldiers who fought there. 384: 3072:

The earliest depictions of Shivaji by authors not affiliated with Maratha court in Maharashtra are to be found in the

2285:

After Shivaji's death, Soyarabai made plans, with various ministers, to crown her son Rajaram rather than her stepson

1647:, besieging it for a month and a half before breaching the walls. He established his residence at Shivaji's palace of 9819: 9570: 9134: 8039: 6415: 4360: 3305:). However, Purandare, a Brahmin, was also accused of overstating the influence of Brahmin gurus on Shivaji, and his 2503:, which is considered a big setback for the Marathas. However, the Marathas soon recovered. Ten years after Panipat, 429: 9396: 7387:"New Naval Ensign: The naval prowess of Chhatrapati Shivaji that has always inspired the Indian Navy - Optimize IAS" 5270:

Politics and Religion in Eighteenth-Century India: Jaisingh II and the Rise of Public Theology in Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇavism

2113:

that Shivaji was not qualified for the Vedic rites of his first coronation, by being a less controversial ceremony.

10711: 1926: 3801:. University of California Libraries. London, New York, Longmans, Green and co. pp. 20–30, 43, 437, 158, 163. 2949:

Shivaji fortified his coastline by seizing coastal forts and refurbishing them. He built his first marine fort at

2373:(prime ministers) of the Maratha Empire. The empire expanded greatly under the leadership of Balaji's son, Peshwa 1986:, and specifically of Sisodia ancestry, may be seen as being anything from tenuous, at best, to purely inventive. 1922:

20th century depiction of the Coronation Durbar with over 100 characters depicted in attendance by M.V. Dhurandhar

3314: 414: 5955:

About 50,000 people witnessed the coronation ceremony and arrangements were made for their boarding and lodging.

10477: 9200: 8686: 6771:

Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia: Explorations in the Intellectual History of India and Tibet, 1500–1800

3768:

Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia: Explorations in the Intellectual History of India and Tibet, 1500–1800

3019: 2729: 2122: 1535:

Shivaji escaped from Panhala by cover of night, and as he was pursued by the enemy cavalry, his Maratha sardar

489: 320: 2985:

Shivaji was well known for his strong religious convictions, warrior code of ethics, and exemplary character.

2455:, and defeated an imperial army outside walls of Delhi. Facing defeat and starvation of his army in 1738, the 1953:

of Shivaji's court: they refused to crown Shivaji as a king because that status was reserved for those of the

10256: 2742: 2439:'s death in 1707, Marathas started to capture Mughal dominions. By 1734, Marathas were firmly established in 377: 8904:(2011), "Resisting My Attackers; Resisting My Defenders", in Schmalz, Matthew N.; Gottschalk, Peter (eds.), 5995: 3503:

A decade earlier, Afzal Khan, in a parallel situation, had arrested a Hindu general during a truce ceremony.

1582:

Until 1657, Shivaji maintained peaceful relations with the Mughal Empire. Shivaji offered his assistance to

10301: 10291: 9891: 9812: 8629:"Contract for Shivaji Memorial Project, PWD proposes extension of one year to firm without cost escalation" 6484: 3413: 3190:. This book portrays Shivaji as a heroic rebel and a master strategist fighting a much larger Mughal army. 2289:. On 21 April 1680, ten-year-old Rajaram was installed on the throne. However, Sambhaji took possession of 1848:. Angered by the renewed attacks, the Mughals resumed hostilities with the Marathas, sending a force under 1327:. That fort served as the seat of his government for over a decade. After this, Shivaji turned west to the 606: 7079: 10681: 10311: 10026: 9804: 3124:. Phule's 1869 ballad-form story of Shivaji was met with great hostility by the Brahmin-dominated media. 2711:

Noting that Shivaji had stemmed the spread of the neighbouring Muslim states, his contemporary, the poet

1238:

of Bijapur invaded the kingdoms to its south. The sultanate had recently become a tributary state of the

8249: 7447: 3494:

birth date from contemporary records. Other suggested dates include 6 April 1627 or dates near this day.

2365:

over the succession, Shahu ruled the Maratha Empire from 1707 to 1749. Early in his reign, he appointed

361: 10706: 10701: 10021: 9793: 9480: 8854: 8807: 8710: 3459: 3451: 3270: 3030:

depictions of Shivaji were largely negative, referring to him simply as "Shiva" without the honorific "

1741: 1662:

In retaliation for Shaista Khan's attacks, and to replenish his now-depleted treasury, in 1664 Shivaji

50: 6727: 6075: 10446: 10336: 10011: 9173: 6666: 2202: 2131: 1720: 1701: 1687: 650: 8597: 1745:

20th century depiction by M.V. Dhurandhar of Raja Shivaji at the court of Mughal Badshah, Aurangzeb.

1639:

At the request of Badi Begum of Bijapur, Aurangzeb, now the Mughal emperor, sent his maternal uncle

10676: 10492: 10236: 9323: 9108: 5753: 3266: 3203: 3101: 2523: 1822: 31: 8113: 7749:

Contradictions and Conflict: A Dialectical Political Anthropology of a University in Western India

6136:. Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. p. 147. 5322: 4744: 3361:

terms, a regime of "cultural policing by militant Marathas". As a result of this publication, the

1974:

of Varanasi, who stated that he had found a genealogy proving that Shivaji was descended from the

10686: 10671: 10497: 10487: 10351: 10341: 9909: 3447: 2969: 2666:

Shivaji commissioned one of his officials to make a comprehensive lexicon to replace Persian and

2527: 2492: 2336: 2306: 1890:

deeply grieved on hearing of Prataprao's death, and arranged for the marriage of his second son,

1632:

A 20th century depiction of Shivaji's surprise attack on Mughal general Shaista Khan in Pune by

479: 3265:

Shivaji is seen as a hero by regional political parties and also by the Maratha-caste-dominated

1444:, a veteran general, to arrest Shivaji. Before engaging him, the Bijapuri forces desecrated the 10691: 10482: 10426: 10396: 10356: 10326: 10306: 10001: 9919: 9070: 8363: 7492: 7174: 3450:

when completed. As of August 2021, the project has been stalled since January 2019, due to the

3378: 1493:

Having defeated the Bijapuri forces sent against him, Shivaji and his army marched towards the

711: 8848: 8758: 8731: 8704: 7720: 7693: 7649: 7618: 7591: 7536: 7360: 7052: 6998: 6971: 6226: 5968: 5918: 5706: 5664: 5403: 5376: 5214: 5187: 5148: 4951: 4725: 4572: 4545: 4481: 4418: 4259: 4169: 3886: 2522:

The Marathas remained the pre-eminent power in India until their defeat by the British in the

2246:

for a year. Sambhaji then returned home, unrepentant, and was again confined to Panhala Fort.

10518: 10441: 10296: 10186: 9677: 9595: 9563: 9098: 9050: 8882: 8862: 8778: 8029: 7930: 7806: 7747: 7509: 7401: 7301: 7199: 7141: 6769: 6742: 6543:

History of India from the Earliest Period to the Close of the East India Company's Government

6541: 6039: 6012: 5893: 5773: 5349: 5268: 4885: 4647: 4223: 3859: 3766: 2978: 1591:

Mughals began in March 1657, when two of Shivaji's officers raided the Mughal territory near

1551: 1536: 1530: 626: 570: 434: 9194: 8570: 8056: 7106: 6944: 6808: 6612: 5866: 4119: 746:

At the time of Shivaji's birth, power in the Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates:

10661: 10656: 10513: 10226: 10176: 9881: 9667: 9273: 5747: 3405: 3167: 2504: 1979: 1515: 1478: 1445: 1441: 1407: 751: 723: 545: 509: 464: 419: 156: 7719:

Bipan Chandra; Mridula Mukherjee; Aditya Mukherjee; K N Panikkar; Sucheta Mahajan (2016).

7718: 6462: 4078: 2863: 1295:, taking advantage of the confusion prevailing in the Bijapur court due to the illness of 8: 9840: 7054:

Masters of the Battlefield: Great Commanders from the Classical Age to the Napoleonic Era

6537: 3409: 3306: 3282: 2995: 2421: 1891: 1644: 1362: 763: 549: 9084: 2253:. The cause of Shivaji's death is disputed. British records states that Shivaji died of 2186:; the latter would later serve as a capital of the Marathas during the reign of his son 1464:

Shivaji suggesting the two leaders meet in private, outside the fort, for negotiations.

1323:

under his direct control. He used the treasure found at Torna to build a new fort named

565:

Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the

10543: 10461: 10456: 10406: 10361: 10276: 10211: 10206: 10181: 10158: 9886: 9717: 9697: 9692: 9672: 9640: 9348: 9340: 9294: 9256: 9248: 9190: 8550: 8218: 8165: 8142: 7167: 6195: 5775:

Citizenship, Community and Democracy in India: From Bombay to Maharashtra, c. 1930–1960

5602: 5034:"Mega event to mark Karnataka port town Basrur's liberation from Portuguese by Shivaji" 5008: 3972: 3796: 3547: 3487: 2878: 2496: 2456: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2312: 2162: 1982:

expected of a kshatriya. However, according to historical evidence, Shivaji's claim to

1791: 1417: 1235: 767: 755: 578: 459: 454: 7676: 2227: 1252:

land in the conquered territories, the taxes on which he could collect as an annuity.

10548: 10538: 10436: 10386: 10371: 10366: 10346: 10316: 10266: 9929: 9914: 9352: 9301: 9277: 9260: 9217: 9177: 9150: 9130: 9056: 9036: 9016: 8996: 8975: 8955: 8935: 8915: 8888: 8868: 8831: 8811: 8797: 8784: 8764: 8744: 8714: 8690: 8666: 8576: 8472: 8146: 8134: 8062: 8035: 7936: 7908: 7898: 7840: 7781: 7753: 7726: 7699: 7655: 7624: 7597: 7542: 7515: 7366: 7307: 7256: 7205: 7178: 7145: 7134: 7112: 7085: 7058: 7031: 7004: 6977: 6950: 6923: 6814: 6775: 6748: 6700: 6672: 6645: 6618: 6547: 6517: 6490: 6421: 6411: 6381: 6371: 6283: 6232: 6166: 6018: 5974: 5899: 5872: 5806: 5779: 5712: 5670: 5514: 5502: 5436: 5409: 5382: 5355: 5328: 5301: 5274: 5247: 5220: 5193: 5154: 5115: 4957: 4930: 4891: 4824: 4785: 4731: 4653: 4591: 4578: 4551: 4524: 4487: 4424: 4366: 4356: 4314: 4265: 4261:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

4229: 4202: 4175: 4125: 4058: 4033: 4008: 3987: 3945: 3892: 3865: 3772: 3740: 3655: 3616: 3374: 3139:

One of the first commentators to reappraise the critical British view of Shivaji was

2819: 2779: 2366: 2350: 2238:

The question of Shivaji's heir-apparent was complicated. Shivaji confined his son to

2081: 2076: 1482: 747: 699: 691: 298: 8680: 8085: 2934:

coast, Shivaji began to build his navy in 1657 or 1659, with the purchase of twenty

10651: 10451: 10431: 10416: 10401: 10321: 10281: 10251: 10246: 10231: 10221: 10216: 10196: 10122: 10042: 9924: 9702: 9682: 9556: 9494: 9414: 9332: 8756: 8126: 6722: 6560: 5759: 4750: 3824: 3366: 3339: 3199: 3159: 3085: 3007: 2974: 2954: 2867: 2827: 2340: 2214: 2029: 2015: 1966:

ceremony, and did not wear the thread, such as a kshatriya would. Shivaji summoned

1958: 1895: 1873: 1869: 1795: 1619: 1437: 1374: 598: 590: 529: 484: 474: 7555: 6315: 6245: 6206: 5922:

Archival organization and records management in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India

3939: 2953:, which was to become the headquarters of the Maratha navy. The navy itself was a 2297:

were imprisoned, and Soyrabai was executed on charges of conspiracy that October.

1707:

The attacks on Shaista Khan and Surat enraged Aurangzeb. In response, he sent the

609:, as many Indian nationalists elevated him as a proto-nationalist, founder of the 10604: 10421: 10411: 10381: 10286: 10271: 10261: 10201: 10153: 10143: 9939: 9765: 9687: 9506: 9386: 9211: 9207: 9167: 9163: 9144: 9112: 9094: 9080: 9030: 9010: 8990: 8969: 8949: 8929: 8905: 8825: 8801: 8660: 8602: 8598:"India Now Boasts The World's Tallest Statue, And It's Twice Lady Liberty's Size" 7990: 7971: 7574: 7464: 7343: 7250: 6890:. State Board for Literature and Culture, Government of Maharashtra. p. 152. 6885: 6847: 6511: 6464: 6277: 6160: 6131: 6098: 6077: 6056: 5920: 5800: 5632: 5493: 5430: 5295: 5241: 5109: 5065: 4924: 4868: 4818: 4779: 4196: 4149: 3734: 3675: 3610: 3483: 3151: 3079: 2950: 2901: 2393: 2344: 2269: 2259: 2250: 1975: 1907: 1879: 1849: 1783: 1775: 1667: 1663: 1633: 1623: 1280: 683: 541: 185: 8760:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

5836: 5834: 5574: 5526: 4627: 3116:

wrote his interpretation of the Shivaji legend, portraying him as a hero of the

1259: 10528: 10376: 10241: 10112: 10092: 10006: 9707: 9610: 9542: 9518: 9460: 9289: 8901: 8130: 6692: 6076:

Indian Institute of Public Administration. Maharashtra Regional Branch (1975).

5246:. Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) and Popular Prakashan, Mumbai. p. 263. 4574:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

4521:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

3491: 3358: 3350: 3309:

award ceremony in 2015 was protested by those claiming he had defamed Shivaji.

3231: 3181: 3128: 3113: 2957:, focused on travel and combat in the littoral areas, and not intended for the 2775: 2704: 2417: 2413: 2378: 2206: 2020: 2010: 1943: 1841: 1779: 1449: 1063: 719: 574: 72: 9373: 7912: 7325: 7323: 6614:

Anglo-Maratha relations during the administration of Warren Hastings 1772–1785

4820:

Mughal empire in India: a systematic study including source material, Volume 2

4798: 4683: 4681: 4666: 4500: 4398: 3828: 2859: 2530:

wars (1805–1818), which left the company the dominant power in most of India.

1358: 10645: 10599: 10594: 10579: 10523: 9740: 9381: 8737: 8727: 8476: 8138: 7926: 7844: 7785: 7435:. Vol. II. London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co. ltd. p. xiii. 7269: 6788: 6425: 6385: 6140: 5846: 5831: 5819: 5562: 4784:. Shri Bhagavan Vedavyasa Itihasa Samshodhana Mandira (Bhishma). p. 90. 4370: 3966: 3432: 3106: 3027: 3003: 2897: 2796: 2551: 2544: 2508: 2500: 2464: 2198: 2158: 2054: 1963: 1724: 1390: 1366: 1300: 1239: 759: 668: 646: 566: 449: 152: 8011:"Writer Babasaheb Purandare receives 'Maharashtra Bhushan' despite protests" 7865: 7410: 7281: 6111: 5953:(Volume 1 ed.). Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee. 1974. p. 13. 5550: 5538: 5461: 4705: 3913: 3679: 1666:, a wealthy Mughal trading centre. On 13 February 1665, he also conducted a 10569: 9959: 9954: 9836: 9730: 9725: 9530: 9281: 9122: 8907:

Engaging South Asian Religions: Boundaries, Appropriations, and Resistances

7892: 7320: 4849: 4837: 4693: 4678: 4603: 4099: 3629: 3343: 3334: 3170:

as justified, they decried Sarkar's terming as "murder" the killing of the

3140: 2914: 2712: 2239: 2072: 1800: 1640: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1378: 1312: 654: 582: 203: 9834: 7620:

Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 1700–1960

6405: 6365: 5929: 5449: 5077: 4350: 3218: 2137:

Beginning in 1674, the Marathas undertook an aggressive campaign, raiding

2127: 1338: 10609: 10589: 10584: 10564: 10533: 10391: 10097: 9979: 9964: 9949: 9944: 9848: 9745: 9650: 9456: 8614: 7894:

Renaissance State : the unwritten story of the making of maharashtra

7201:

The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles

7081:

The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles

6186:

Kulkarni, A. R. (1990). "Maratha Policy Towards the Adil Shahi Kingdom".

4313:(5th ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan Private Limited. p. 19. 3443: 3428: 3421: 3397: 3370: 3223: 2761: 2670:

terms with their Sanskrit equivalents. This led to the production of the

2484: 2444: 2290: 2254: 2067: 1903: 1712: 1697: 1353: 1324: 1308: 1243: 1242:. It was being helped by Shahaji, who at the time was a chieftain in the 559: 554: 540:

19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian ruler and a member of the

177: 160: 81: 59: 9589: 9252: 8706:

The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300–1700: Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India

8387:"Mumbai Railway station renamed to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus" 8273:"Hard-liners slam state, Supreme Court decision on Laine's Shivaji book" 8058:

Censorship in South Asia: Cultural Regulation from Sedition to Seduction

7651:

Recovering Liberties: Indian Thought in the Age of Liberalism and Empire

6466:

Veil, sceptre, and quill: profiles of eminent women, 16th–18th centuries

6199: 5012: 5002: 3318:

published an article suggesting that Shivaji was not opposed to Muslims

2919: 2805:

increasing respect from the universe like the first phase of the moon."

2479:

Mughal throne.- (Cambridge History of India Vol. 2 Part 4 pp. 138 - 139)

2242:

in 1678, only to have the prince escape with his wife and defect to the

1692: 1628: 632: 10614: 10082: 10072: 9993: 9974: 9934: 9775: 9344: 9317: 8911: 8776: 7225: 7108:

From the Death of Shivaji to the Death of Aurangzeb: The Critical Years

6410:(17th ed., rev. & enl ed.). New Delhi: S. Chand. p. 203. 5919:

Mallavarapu Venkata Siva Prasada Rau (Andhra Pradesh Archives) (1980).

5606: 4597: 4355:(17th ed., rev. & enl ed.). New Delhi: S. Chand. p. 198. 3455: 2923: 2889: 2142: 1967: 1607: 1601: 1592: 1453: 1292: 369: 97: 9196:

Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India

8992:

Sons of Sarasvati: Late Exemplars of the Indian Intellectual Tradition

8413: 2300: 1946:

with a fellow Hindu sovereign in a region otherwise ruled by Muslims.

1818: 1412: 1246:

of western India. Shahaji was looking for opportunities of rewards of

10574: 10107: 10102: 10087: 10052: 10047: 9969: 9866: 9780: 9755: 9735: 9630: 8968:

Deshpande, Anirudh (2015). "Introduction". In Pansare, Govind (ed.).

8726: 8358: 5520: 5508: 3323: 3243: 3034:". One Mughal writer in the early 1700s described Shivaji's death as 2958: 2834: 2696: 2684: 2448: 2436: 2374: 2358: 2335:

dynasties, but he could not subdue the Marathas. Better known as the

2279: 2275: 2264: 2187: 2174: 2170: 1955: 1787: 1771: 1729: 1648: 1583: 1544: 1470: 1460: 1428: 1382: 1276: 703: 308: 272: 250: 228: 9336: 8951:

Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707–1813

5111:

Marathas, Marauders, and State Formation in Eighteenth-century India

3420:. In 2022, the Indian prime minister unveiled the new ensign of the 3369:. Laine was even threatened with arrest, and the book was banned in 2263:, a biography of Shivaji has mentioned fever as the cause of death. 1774:

with 5,000 horses. Shivaji at that time sent Sambhaji, with general

10117: 10067: 10057: 9861: 9770: 9760: 9625: 9470: 9314: 6566: 6463:

Sunita Sharma, K̲h̲udā Bak̲h̲sh Oriyanṭal Pablik Lāʼibrerī (2004).

5593:

Malavika Vartak (May 1999). "Shivaji Maharaj: Growth of a Symbol".

5004:

Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute

2999: 2893: 2645: 2467:. Stewart Gordon writes regarding the northward march of Marathas: 2452: 2389: 2354: 2324: 2294: 2286: 2267:, the childless eldest of the surviving wives of Shivaji committed 2249:

Shivaji died around 3–5 April 1680 at the age of 50, on the eve of

2231: 2150: 2138: 2094: 2046: 1939: 1935: 1754: 1671: 1540: 1498: 1394: 1316: 1304: 732: 715: 664: 638: 594: 350: 304: 129: 8846: 8678: 8498:"INS Shivaji (Engineering Training Establishment) : Training" 7561: 6321: 6251: 6212: 5743: 5071: 4727:

The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times

4672: 4633: 3392: 1574: 1361:, a fellow Maratha feudatory of Bijapur, and seized the valley of 10630: 10148: 10138: 10077: 10062: 9876: 9871: 9659: 9635: 9620: 9615: 9368: 9270:

Chhatrapati Shivaji: Coronation Tercentenary Commemoration Volume

9169:

Aurangzeb: The Life and Legacy of India's Most Controversial King

8682:

The Myth of the Lokamanya: Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra

6644:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. pp. 272, 276. 6350:. Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture. p. 61. 3133: 2935: 2460: 2409: 2405: 2385: 2362: 2316: 2243: 2210: 2194: 2179: 2050: 1950: 1587: 1386: 1320: 1264: 1118: 893: 695: 687: 679: 675: 340: 330: 315: 3400:

built by children on occasion of Diwali as a tribute to Shivaji.

2930:

Aware of the need for naval power to maintain control along the

2472:

king, Ahmad Shah Abdali, periodically descended on the capital.

1790:

also permitted Shivaji to attack Bijapur, ruled by the decaying

1424: 9989: 9901: 9750: 9400: 8465:"Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveils Indian Navy's new ensign" 7341: 6601:, pp. 1, 3–4, 50–55, 59, 71–75, 114, 115–125, 133, 138–139 5062:, pp. 1, 3–4, 50–55, 59, 71–75, 114, 115–125, 133, 138–139 3888:

Spaces and Places in Western India: Formations and Delineations

3436: 3276: 3171: 3158:, hailed as the most authoritative biography of the king since 3117: 3073: 2931: 2885: 2871: 2667: 2618: 2595: 2584: 2573: 2488: 2397: 2370: 2183: 2146: 2058: 2042: 2034: 1983: 1971: 1853: 1806: 1708: 1675: 1656: 1596: 1494: 1370: 1332: 1328: 1271:

In 1636, Shahaji joined in the service of Bijapur and obtained

839: 707: 642: 614: 610: 8884:

Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition

8439:"Politics over Shivaji statue delays Mumbai airport expansion" 7303:

War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849

5491: 4873:. Superintendent Government Printing, India. 1929. p. 44. 3612:

Medieval India: Society, the Jagirdari Crisis, and the Village

3365:, in Pune, where Laine had done research, was attacked by the 3105:

A miniature Bronze statue of Shivaji in the collection of the

653:

lists 19 February as a holiday commemorating Shivaji's birth (

9114:

New History of the Marathas: Shivaji and his line (1600–1707)

9079: 8740: 8733:

Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals

8031:

Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay

7725:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. pp. 107–. 7416: 7275: 6973:

Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls

6883: 6794: 6513:

Emperors Of The Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls

6146: 6117: 6100:

The Making of Modern India: From A.D. 1526 to the Present Day

5935: 5852: 5840: 5825: 5638: 5613: 5568: 5467: 5378:

Revenge and Reconciliation: Understanding South Asian History

4870:

Indian Historical Records Commission: Proceedings of Meetings

4855: 4843: 4804: 4711: 4699: 4687: 4609: 4404: 4278: 4174:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128–221. 4171:

A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761: Eight Indian Lives

4105: 3635: 3121: 3089:

are considered the most reliable of all bakhars by scholars.

3037: 2939: 2847: 2814: 2692: 2688: 2607: 2440: 2401: 2154: 2038: 2003: 1999: 1991: 1845: 1248: 772: 181: 9093: 8850:

The Cambridge History of India, Volume IV: The Mughal Period

7329: 7287: 6044:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 72. GGKEY:RYD56P78DL9. 5580: 5556: 5544: 5532: 5455: 5083: 2964: 9146:

The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500–1650

8702: 8414:"Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus)" 7593:

India's Immortal Comic Books: Gods, Kings, and Other Heroes

7362:

Chinese and Indian Warfare – From the Classical Age to 1870

5704: 4777: 4506: 3964: 3912:

Apte, Mohan; Mahajani, Parag; Vahia, M. N. (January 2003).

3841: 3839: 3654:. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 183. 3174: 1995: 1750: 1272: 777: 727: 658: 9548: 8214:"Supreme Court lifts ban on James Laine's book on Shivaji" 8114:"The Past and its Passions: Writing History in Hard Times" 6327: 3985: 2487:, in the south, to the Sutlej river, in the north, and to 2483:

At its peak, the Maratha empire stretched from modern-day

2197:(Ekoji I), Shahaji's son by his second wife, Tukabai (née 2153:(July). In November, the Maratha navy skirmished with the 544:. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the 8298:"comments : Modi unveils Shivaji statue at Limbayat" 7695:

The Book on Trial: Fundamentalism and Censorship in India

6845: 6041:

Personal and Geographical Names in the Gupta Inscriptions

5708:

Inside-Outside: Two Views of Social Change in Rural India

3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3589: 3587: 3331:

had operated within the bounds of freedom of expression.

3031: 1505:, and defeating Bijapuri forces sent against them, under 7954: 7952: 7511:

Rewriting History: The Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai

6899: 6897: 6827: 6257: 6054: 5760:

Farooqui, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India 2011

5686: 4751:

Farooqui, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India 2011

3836: 3651:

Images of women in Maharashtrian literature and religion

2695:

on 3 April 1679, Shivaji wrote an admonishing letter to

1578:

Shivaji with his personal guards by Mir Muhammad c. 1672

8780:

The Origins of Religious Violence: An Asian Perspective

7473: 7406:. Mittal Publications. pp. 13–. GGKEY:CCJCT3CW16S. 6810:

The Origins of Religious Violence: An Asian Perspective

6668:

A Military History of Britain: from 1775 to the Present

6432: 6305: 6303: 5997:

Chhatrapati Shivaji, Architect of Freedom: An Anthology

4225:

Everyday Nationalism: Women of the Hindu Right in India

2613:

All matters related to relationships with other states

1700:

of Amber receiving Shivaji a day before concluding the

9129:, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 8864:

India in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know

7866:"BBC Radio 4 in Four, Shivaji: An icon of Hindu pride" 7358: 3685: 3584: 2833:

Shivaji was contemptuously called a "Mountain Rat" by

1894:, to Prataprao's daughter. Prataprao was succeeded by 1678:

in present-day Karnataka, and gained a large plunder.

9478: 7949: 7833:"Rajnath Singh draws flak for 'saffronising' Shivaji" 7712: 7230: 6894: 6469:. Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library. p. 139. 5802:

Traditions in Motion: Religion and Society in History

5792: 5725: 5644: 5473: 3805: 2278:

had poisoned him in order to put her 10-year-old son

8161:"'Maratha' activists vandalise Bhandarkar Institute" 6530: 6456: 6444: 6300: 5993: 5698: 5167: 5128: 5089: 4982: 4970: 4904: 4773: 4771: 4756: 4615: 4461: 4449: 4437: 4377: 4327: 4290: 4257: 4221: 2660: 2193:

Shivaji intended to reconcile with his half-brother

1613: 1562:

meaning "a narrow mountain pass") was later renamed

9032:

Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia

6536: 6486:

Atrocitology: Humanity's 100 Deadliest Achievements

6224: 6129: 6096: 3193: 2443:. By 1737 Marathas had carried out raids as far as 2301:

Aurangzeb's Campaign Against Marathas And Aftermath

1420:

of Shivaji fighting the Bijapuri general Afzal Khan

1352:Shahaji was released in 1649, after the capture of 9316: 9293: 9089:(Second ed.), London: Longmans, Green and Co. 8270: 8112: 7166: 7133: 7131: 4228:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 44–. 3992:. The Maharashtra Publishing House. pp. 6–17. 2491:, in the east. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the 1778:, to serve with the Mughal viceroy in Aurangabad, 1224: 9127:Vijayanagara (The New Cambridge History of India) 7462: 6877: 6370:. India: Param Mitra Publications. p. 1147. 6188:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute 6014:Administrative System in India: Vedic Age to 1947 4768: 4547:Last Spring: The Lives and Times of Great Mughals 4032:. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 211. 3911: 3418:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport 3112:In the mid–19th century, Marathi social reformer 1459:Pursued by Bijapuri forces, Shivaji retreated to 10643: 8246:"Protests over James Laine's book across Mumbai" 7935:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 65. 7616: 7501: 7399: 7000:Warfare in Pre-British India – 1500BCE to 1740CE 6610: 6585:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 549, 563. 6165:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 153–190. 5912: 5868:Rebel Sultans: The Deccan from Khilji to Shivaji 5624:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDaniel_Jasper2003 ( 4479: 4167: 4007:. Institute of Historical Studies. p. 106. 3979: 3416:in 1996. The busiest airport in Mumbai is named 2009:On 6 June 1674, Shivaji was crowned king of the 770:of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his 762:. Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the 9100:History of Aurangzib: Based on Original Sources 8931:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 8248:. webindia123.com. 10 July 2010. Archived from 7745: 7507: 7452:. The Arya Book Depot Kolhapur. pp. 11–12. 6671:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. 6048: 5771: 5662: 5592: 5216:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 4143: 4141: 3427:Other commemorations include the Indian Navy's 2173:for a month and entered into a treaty with the 1910:, as a capital of the nascent Maratha kingdom. 1863: 9318:"Shivaji and the Decline of the Mughal Empire" 8595: 8054: 7674: 7610: 7579:. Indo-British Historical Society. p. 75. 7248: 6942: 6691: 6158: 6152: 6037: 5987: 5966: 5586: 5485: 4883: 4823:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 59. 4147: 3885:Sengar, Bina; McMillin, Laurie Hovell (2019). 3884: 3858:Biswas, Debajyoti; Ryan, John Charles (2021). 3608: 3545: 3486:date of that period (1 March 1630 of today's 3184:, a British civil servant in India, published 2866:, view of southern sub-plateaux, as seen from 2104: 2098: 2019:) in a lavish ceremony at Raigad fort. In the 657:). Shivaji was named after a local deity, the 649:. Scholars disagree on his date of birth; the 27:First Chhatrapati of the Marathas (r. 1674–80) 9820: 9564: 8659:Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006), 8008: 7654:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 282–. 7534: 7359:Kaushik Roy; Peter Lorge (17 December 2014). 7352: 7242: 6594: 6592: 5960: 5864: 5798: 5765: 5619: 5219:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 547. 4923:Mahmud, Sayyid Fayyaz; Mahmud, S. F. (1988). 4577:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 202–. 4543: 4486:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 208–. 4052: 4005:Historians and historiography in modern India 4002: 3713: 3604: 3602: 3424:, which was inspired by the seal of Shivaji. 2116: 1393:—also served Adilshahi of Bijapur, many with 1331:and took possession of the important town of 385: 9142: 8189:"Where The Stream Of Reason Lost Its Way..." 8055:Kaur, Raminder; Mazzarella, William (2009). 7976:. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 1952. p. 121. 7919: 7623:. Columbia University Press. pp. 136–. 7335: 7125: 6839: 6664: 6275: 6269: 6133:Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Maratha period 6123: 5898:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 42. 4922: 4598:Gier, The Origins of Religious Violence 2014 4473: 4284: 4163: 4161: 4138: 4027: 3442:A proposal to build a giant memorial called 3277:Controversies related to Shivaji's depiction 1736: 1569: 1448:, a holy site for Shivaji's family, and the 1311:. He also brought areas east of Pune around 9241:Journal of Political and Military Sociology 8988: 8658: 7995:P.E.N. All-India Centre. 1964. p. 32. 7691: 7647: 7299: 7164: 7158: 6936: 6699:. Vol. 2. Penguin Books. p. 129. 6090: 6069: 6031: 6010: 5858: 5656: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 4956:. Cambridge University Press. p. 209. 4816: 4570: 4523:. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. 4264:. Dorling Kindersley India. pp. 314–. 3739:. Cambridge University Press. p. 210. 3647: 3373:in January 2004. The ban was lifted by the 3290: 3247: 3044: 3035: 1481:, Shivaji's forces decisively defeated the 9827: 9813: 9571: 9557: 8330:. Pune Mirror. 16 May 2012. Archived from 8034:. Princeton University Press. p. 22. 7897:. : Harper Collins India. pp. 69–78. 7774:"'Chatrapati Shivaji was a national hero'" 7641: 7494:A History of Marathas by Grant Duff Vol. 1 7393: 7255:. APH Publishing Corporation. p. 14. 6949:. Cambridge University Press. p. 85. 6589: 6546:. Cambridge University Press. p. 93. 6004: 5885: 5521:Eraly, Emperors of the Peacock Throne 2000 5509:Eraly, Emperors of the Peacock Throne 2000 5498:. Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal. p. 138. 5000: 4194: 3857: 3599: 1291:In 1646, 16-year-old Shivaji captured the 1286: 1279:by the Bijapuri ruler Adilshah, appointed 722:(1552–1597) was an influential general of 392: 378: 58: 9267: 9052:An Economic History of Early Modern India 8967: 8887:, Oxford University Press, pp. 40–, 8867:, Oxford University Press, pp. 41–, 8621: 7596:. Indiana University Press. p. 121. 7528: 6363: 6333: 6058:The History of India, 1000 A.D.–1707 A.D. 5799:Varma, Supriya; Saberwal, Satish (2005). 5293: 4537: 4215: 4188: 4158: 3811: 3648:James Laine (1996). Anne Feldhaus (ed.). 2965:Depictions and interpretations of Shivaji 2027:) of the first fortnight of the month of 1798:sued for peace and granted the rights of 1782:. Sambhaji was also granted territory in 1764: 1401: 1229: 9390:) is being considered for deletion. See 9162: 9107: 7479: 7342:Bhagamandala Seetharama Shastry (1981). 7293: 6915: 6852:. American Oriental Society. p. 476 6849:Journal of the American Oriental Society 6833: 6740: 6604: 6567:Pearson, Shivaji and Mughal decline 1976 6438: 6345: 6263: 6218: 6185: 5805:. Oxford University Press. p. 250. 5428: 5401: 5347: 5153:. Prabhat Prakashan. pp. 299, 300. 5114:. Oxford University Press. p. 206. 5044: 4949: 4929:. Oxford University Press. p. 158. 4762: 4645: 4344: 4342: 4251: 3996: 3937: 3861:Nationalism in India: Texts and Contexts 3732: 3720:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 3593: 3391: 3333: 3217: 3100: 2968: 2918: 2858: 2795: 2674:, the thesaurus of state usage in 1677. 2651:All matters related to army of the king 2327:. He was successful in obliterating the 2226: 2126: 1925: 1917: 1817: 1740: 1691: 1627: 1573: 1524: 1423: 1411: 1337: 1258: 663: 399: 9206: 9189: 8847:Haig, Wolseley; Burn, Richard (1960) , 8546:"Shivaji killas express pure reverence" 8110: 8061:. Indiana University Press. p. 1. 7925: 7698:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 431. 7562:Cashman, The Myth of the Lokamanya 1975 7445: 6872:Xenophobia in Seventeenth-Century India 6767: 6403: 6322:Haig & Burn, The Mughal Period 1960 6282:. Eastwest Books (Madras). p. 20. 6252:Haig & Burn, The Mughal Period 1960 6213:Haig & Burn, The Mughal Period 1960 6162:Xenophobia in Seventeenth-Century India 5744:Cashman, The Myth of the Lokamanya 1975 5492:Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari (1973). 5320: 5072:Haig & Burn, The Mughal Period 1960 4717: 4673:Haig & Burn, The Mughal Period 1960 4634:Haig & Burn, The Mughal Period 1960 4564: 4348: 3845: 3764: 3127:In 1895, the Indian nationalist leader 2988: 2725:Xenophobia in Seventeenth-Century India 2538: 2234:, Shivaji's elder son who succeeded him 2222: 1749:In 1666, Aurangzeb summoned Shivaji to 1389:, Shirke, Gharge of Nimsod, Mane, and 1365:, near the present-day hill station of 1275:as a grant. Shahaji, being deployed in 1263:Young Shivaji (right) meets his father 552:. In 1674, he was formally crowned the 218: 1640; died 1659) 14: 10644: 9238: 9068: 8995:, State University of New York Press, 8860: 8823: 8796: 8080: 8078: 8027: 7739: 7589: 7306:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 17–. 7236: 7197: 7173:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 7077: 6903: 6884:Panduronga S. S. Pissurlencar (1975). 6718: 6716: 6598: 6578: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6359: 6357: 5778:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 40–. 5731: 5705:B. S. Baviskar; D. W. Attwood (2013). 5692: 5669:. Penguin Books India. pp. 110–. 5650: 5479: 5374: 5185: 5173: 5134: 5107: 5095: 5059: 4910: 4621: 4550:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 550. 4467: 4455: 4443: 4420:India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765 4383: 4333: 4308: 4296: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3363:Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 2926:provided anchorages for Shivaji's Navy 2699:criticising his tax policy. He wrote: 1456:, a major pilgrimage site for Hindus. 1020: 1016: 1006: 909: 806: 802: 9808: 9552: 9288: 9121: 8947: 8927: 8900: 8880: 8568: 8384: 7958: 7890: 7538:Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Popular Readings 7104: 7071: 7050: 7023: 6969: 6774:. Duke University Press. p. 50. 6638:Nehru, Jawaharlal (1 February 2008). 6637: 6509: 6482: 6450: 6309: 5891: 5266: 5239: 5179: 4988: 4976: 4416: 4339: 4117: 4055:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History 3914:"Possible errors in historical dates" 3771:. Duke University Press. p. 60. 3458:survey has been completed, while the 3092: 2764:. line 2 is from the time of Shivaji 2723:However, Gijs Kruijtzer, in his book 1681: 1606:following the illness of the emperor 1177: 1174: 1164: 1152: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1122: 1116: 1106: 1093: 1083: 1079: 1067: 1061: 1051: 1038: 1028: 1024: 1000: 990: 978: 968: 964: 952: 949: 939: 927: 917: 913: 897: 891: 881: 869: 859: 855: 843: 837: 827: 814: 810: 637:Shivaji was born in the hill-fort of 528: 373: 9296:Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India 9008: 8572:Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India 7422: 7226:http://www.jstor.org/stable/44158417 6806: 6631: 6000:. Chhatrapati Shivaji Smarak Samiti. 5711:. Sage Publications. pp. 395–. 5354:. Diamond Publications. p. 34. 5327:. S. Chand Publishing. p. 190. 5243:Indian History: Ancient and medieval 5146: 4778:Shripad Dattatraya Kulkarni (1992). 4121:Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India 4046: 3971:. Sadashiv Mahadev Divekar. p. 3965:Kavindra Parmanand Nevaskar (1927). 3760: 3758: 3756: 3709: 3707: 3698: 3355:Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India 3237: 3213: 2782:concludes about their relationship: 2624:Managing correspondence of the king 1599:, with Shivaji carrying off 300,000 1586:, the son of the Mughal Emperor and 9048: 9028: 8328:"New Shivaji statue faces protests" 8271:Rahul Chandawarkar (10 July 2010). 8075: 7858: 7825: 7799: 7766: 7428: 7111:. Northern Book Centre. p. 7. 6996: 6713: 6617:. Popular Prakashan. pp. 6–7. 6392: 6364:Mehendale, Gajanan Bhaskar (2011). 6354: 5973:. Cosmo Publications. p. 431. 5297:The Indian Millennium, AD 1000–2000 4723: 4518: 3986:D.V Apte and M.R. Paranjpe (1927). 3944:. Diamond Publications. p. 7. 3785: 3067: 2677: 2648:/Sari Naubat or Commander-in-Chief 2549:The Council of Eight Ministers, or 2353:, a grandson of Shivaji and son of 2085:(protector of the Hindu faith) and 1488: 573:, the Sultanate of Bijapur and the 24: 10697:Infectious disease deaths in India 9231: 8596:Nina Golgowski (31 October 2018). 8411: 8086:"India seeks to arrest US scholar" 7417:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 7345:Studies in Indo-Portuguese History 7276:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 6846:American Oriental Society (1963). 6795:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 6346:Pissurlencar, Pandurang Sakharam. 6147:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 6118:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 5936:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 5853:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 5841:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 5826:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 5639:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 5569:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 5495:Shivaji and the Maratha Art of War 5468:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4926:A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan 4856:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4844:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4805:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4712:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4700:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4688:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4610:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4405:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4151:Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot 4106:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 4057:. Primus Books. pp. 196–199. 3636:Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920 3404:The headquarters in Mumbai of the 2973:An early-20th-century painting by 2808: 2507:in North India during the rule of 1416:An early-20th-century painting by 726:, and was awarded the epithet of " 25: 10723: 9394:to help reach a consensus. › 9361: 8554:. 29 October 2010. Archived from 7722:India's Struggle for Independence 7469:. K. P. Bagchi. pp. 14, 139. 7403:Indian Ocean and India's Security 7330:Sarkar, History of Aurangzib 1920 7288:Sarkar, History of Aurangzib 1920 7249:M. S. Naravane (1 January 1995). 7024:Barua, Pradeep (1 January 2005). 6061:Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 701. 6055:Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1964). 5871:. Juggernaut Books. p. xvi. 5581:Sarkar, History of Aurangzib 1920 5557:Sarkar, History of Aurangzib 1920 5545:Sarkar, History of Aurangzib 1920 5533:Sarkar, History of Aurangzib 1920 5456:Sarkar, History of Aurangzib 1920 5435:. Books & Books. p. 70. 5212: 5189:A History of Jaipur: c. 1503–1938 5084:Sarkar, History of Aurangzib 1920 4890:. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 69. 4730:. Orient Blackswan. p. 124. 3753: 3704: 3674:Dates are given according to the 3384: 2938:from the Portuguese shipyards of 2661:Promotion of Marathi and Sanskrit 2629:Panditrao or Ecclesiastical Head 2621:or Shurn Nawis or Home Secretary 1614:Attacks on Shaista Khan and Surat 9835: 9649: 9536: 9524: 9512: 9500: 9488: 9367: 9300:. Oxford University Press, USA. 9069:Pagadi, Setumadhava Rao (1983), 8954:, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 8934:, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 8589: 8562: 8538: 8516: 8490: 8457: 8431: 8405: 8378: 8346: 8320: 8290: 8264: 8238: 8206: 8181: 8153: 8104: 8048: 8021: 8009:Krishna Kumar (20 August 2015). 8002: 7983: 7964: 7884: 7685: 7668: 7583: 7567: 7485: 7456: 7439: 7379: 7218: 7204:. Popular Prakashan. p. 9. 7191: 7098: 7044: 7030:. University of Nebraska Press. 7017: 6990: 6963: 6909: 6874:(Leiden University Press, 2009). 6864: 6800: 6761: 6734: 6685: 6658: 6582:The New Cambridge Modern History 6572: 6503: 6476: 6339: 6179: 6103:. Orient Longmans. p. 223. 5941: 4781:The Struggle for Hindu supremacy 4507:Eaton, The Sufis of Bijapur 2015 3564: 3554: 3535: 3526: 3194:During the independence movement 2753: 2741: 2369:, and later his descendants, as 1595:. This was followed by raids in 360: 188:(present-day Maharashtra, India) 8989:Ravishankar, Chinya V. (2018), 8703:Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2015), 8651: 8526:. Indianpost.com. 21 April 1980 8412:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 8362:. 29 April 2003. Archived from 8111:Vajpeyi, Ananya (August 2004). 7807:"Appropriating a national hero" 7140:. Penguin Books India. p. 6579:Potter, George Richard (1967). 5422: 5395: 5368: 5341: 5314: 5287: 5260: 5233: 5206: 5140: 5101: 5026: 4994: 4943: 4916: 4877: 4861: 4810: 4639: 4512: 4410: 4389: 4302: 4242: 4201:. ABD Publishers. p. 278. 4111: 4071: 4021: 3958: 3931: 3905: 3878: 3851: 3817: 3714:Govind Ranade, Mahadev (1900). 3516: 3506: 3497: 3476: 3349:In 2003, the American academic 3338:Statue of Shivaji opposite the 1225:Conflict with Bijapur Sultanate 548:that formed the genesis of the 281: 259: 237: 215: 10478:Maratha-Mughal War of 27 years 9268:Apte, B. K., ed. (1974–1975). 9213:Communal Rage In Secular India 9201:University of California Press 9149:, Cambridge University Press, 8830:. Cambridge University Press. 8757:Farooqui, Salma Ahmed (2011), 8687:University of California Press 8665:, Cambridge University Press, 8354:"Kalam unveils Shivaji statue" 7466:Foreign Biographies of Shivaji 7432:Foreign Biographies of Shivaji 7027:The State at War in South Asia 6279:Bangalore: the story of a city 6082:. Orient Longman. p. 61. 6017:. APH Publishing. p. 92. 5895:The State at War in South Asia 5300:. Penguin Books. p. 235. 3726: 3668: 3641: 3377:in 2007, and in July 2010 the 2774:Shivaji was a contemporary of 2141:(October), capturing Bijapuri 2079:"). He also took the title of 530:[ʃiˈʋaːdʑiːˈbʱos(ə)le] 13: 1: 9423: 9379: 9143:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2002), 9103:, Longmans, Green and Company 8524:"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj" 8500:. Indian Navy. Archived from 8222:. 9 July 2010. Archived from 7932:India: A Wounded Civilization 7541:. Primus Books. p. 101. 7300:Kaushik Roy (30 March 2011). 6916:Kulkarni, A. R. (July 2008). 6348:Portuguese-Mahratta Relations 5994:Narayan H. Kulkarnee (1975). 5595:Economic and Political Weekly 5405:India: The Definitive History 4258:Salma Ahmed Farooqui (2011). 4222:Kalyani Devaki Menon (2011). 3577: 2854: 2533: 1930:Portrait of Shivaji I c. 1675 1913: 1826: 1813: 1664:sacked the port city of Surat 1343: 737: 620: 534: 65: 10667:17th-century Indian monarchs 9075:, National Book Trust, India 8928:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2009) , 8418:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 8028:Hansen, Thomas Blom (2001). 7365:. Routledge. pp. 183–. 7051:Davis, Paul (25 July 2013). 6997:Roy, Kaushik (3 June 2015). 6231:. McFarland. pp. 201–. 6225:Everett Jenkins Jr. (2010). 6130:Maharashtra (India) (1967). 6097:Shripad Rama Sharma (1951). 3414:Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus 3177:Chandrao More and his clan. 3107:Shri Bhavani Museum of Aundh 2590:Maintaining public accounts 1864:Battles of Umrani and Nesari 607:Indian independence movement 7: 10027:Jagjivanrao Pant Pratinidhi 9578: 8948:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005), 8763:, Pearson Education India, 8679:Cashman, Richard I (1975), 8575:. Oxford University Press. 8385:Times, Maharashtra (2017). 7169:South Asia: A Short History 7132:Stanley A. Wolpert (1994). 5150:The India They Saw (Vol. 3) 4887:Shivaji the Great Liberator 4423:. Penguin UK. p. 198. 4124:. Oxford University Press. 2840: 2748:Bakhar dedicated to Shivaji 2640:Civil and military justice 2637:Nyayadhis or Chief Justice 2505:Marathas regained influence 2123:Shivaji's Southern Campaign 1825:painting depicting Shivaji 783: 718:. His paternal grandfather 524:(Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale, 18:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj 10: 10728: 10022:Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi 8855:Cambridge University Press 8808:Cambridge University Press 8777:Gier, Nicholas F. (2014), 8711:Princeton University Press 8131:10.1177/025764300402000207 7463:Surendra Nath Sen (1977). 6807:Gier, Nicholas F. (2014). 6367:Shivaji his life and times 5970:Shivaji, the Great Maratha 5666:Revenge and Reconciliation 4950:Richards, John F. (1993). 4724:Ali, Shanti Sadiq (1996). 4417:Eaton, Richard M. (2019). 3733:Richards, John F. (1993). 3615:. Macmillan. p. 140. 3465: 3410:UNESCO World Heritage Site 3281:In the late 20th century, 3271:Nationalist Congress Party 3164:A History of the Mahrattas 2912: 2876: 2601:Maintaining court records 2542: 2304: 2120: 2117:Conquest in southern India 2065:("founder of an era") and 1867: 1685: 1617: 1528: 1405: 1018: 903: 804: 630: 624: 108:24 September 1674 (second) 29: 10623: 10557: 10506: 10470: 10167: 10131: 10035: 10012:Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi 9988: 9900: 9847: 9789: 9716: 9658: 9647: 9603: 9586: 9467: 9454: 9445: 9440: 9408: 9174:Stanford University Press 9109:Sardesai, Govind Sakharam 7617:Prachi Deshpande (2007). 7400:Raj Narain Misra (1986). 6976:. Penguin Books Limited. 6768:Pollock, Sheldon (2011). 6611:Sailendra N. Sen (1994). 6516:. Penguin Books Limited. 6295:Memorial was well tended. 5375:Gandhi, Rajmohan (2000). 5324:History of Medieval India 5273:. Routledge. p. 40. 5186:Sarkar, Jadunath (1994). 5001:Shejwalkar, T.S. (1942). 4480:John F. Richards (1995). 4309:Sarkar, Jadunath (1952). 4198:History of medieval India 4168:Richard M. Eaton (2005). 3864:. Routledge. p. 32. 3829:10.1017/S0026749X00010003 3795:Sarkar, Jadunath (1920). 3765:Pollock, Sheldon (2011). 3716:Rise of the Maratha Power 3544:is sometimes also termed 3513:nature, and not communal. 3145:Rise of the Maratha Power 2769: 2427: 2103:meaning the 'head of the 1938:or the son of a Bijapuri 1844:, who was returning from 1737:Arrest in Agra and escape 1688:Treaty of Purandar (1665) 1570:Conflict with the Mughals 1297:Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah 1158: 1140: 1136: 1128: 1100: 1081: 1073: 1045: 1026: 1022: 984: 966: 958: 933: 915: 911: 875: 857: 849: 821: 808: 651:Government of Maharashtra 410: 356: 346: 336: 326: 314: 297: 192: 167: 139: 135: 125: 115: 96: 88: 79: 57: 46: 41: 10493:Second Anglo-Maratha War 9392:templates for discussion 9324:Journal of Asian Studies 9315:Pearson, M. N. (1976b). 9049:Roy, Tirthankar (2013), 8881:Knipe, David M. (2015), 8824:Gordon, Stewart (2007). 8569:Laine, James W. (2003). 7746:Donald V. Kurtz (1993). 7590:McLain, Karline (2009). 7514:. Zubaan. pp. 79–. 7508:Uma Chakravarti (2014). 7136:An Introduction to India 6922:. Diamond Publications. 6919:Medieval Maratha Country 6747:. Diamond Publications. 6741:Kulkarni, A. R. (2008). 5772:Oliver Godsmark (2018). 5663:Rajmohan Gandhi (1999). 5429:Kulkarni, A. R. (1996). 5402:SarDesai, D. R. (2018). 5348:Kulkarni, A. R. (2008). 5294:Sabharwal, Gopa (2000). 5267:Patel, Sachi K. (2021). 5147:Jain, Meenakshi (2011). 5108:Gordon, Stewart (1994). 4652:. Diamond Publications. 4646:Kulkarni, A. R. (2008). 4118:Laine, James W. (2003). 3938:Kulkarni, A. R. (2007). 3891:. Taylor & Francis. 3470: 3439:, in memory of Shivaji. 3267:Indian National Congress 3054:the infidel went to Hell 2132:Tanjavur Maratha Kingdom 1786:for revenue collection. 710:claiming descent from a 682:clan. Shivaji's father, 575:European colonial powers 92:6 June 1674–3 April 1680 32:Shivaji (disambiguation) 10712:Legendary Indian people 10498:Third Anglo-Maratha War 10488:First Anglo-Maratha War 9910:Moropant Trimbak Pingle 7752:. Brill. pp. 63–. 7675:Dennis Kincaid (1937). 6970:Eraly, Abraham (2007). 6943:Stewart Gordon (2007). 6728:Encyclopædia Britannica 6510:Eraly, Abraham (2007). 6483:White, Matthew (2011). 6404:Mahajan, V. D. (2000). 6159:Gijs Kruijtzer (2009). 6038:Tej Ram Sharma (1978). 5967:H. S. Sardesai (2002). 5892:Barua, Pradeep (2005). 5321:Mahajan, V. D. (2007). 4884:Aanand Aadeesh (2011). 4349:Mahajan, V. D. (2000). 4148:V. B. Kulkarni (1963). 3941:Jedhe Shakavali Kareena 3609:Satish Chandra (1982). 3012:Travels in Mughal India 3006:. The French traveller 2908: 2791: 2579:General administration 2493:Third Battle of Panipat 2357:, was kept prisoner by 2082:Haindava Dharmodhhaarak 1287:Independent generalship 690:general who served the 10002:Ramchandra Pant Amatya 9920:Ramchandra Pant Amatya 9372:Quotations related to 9117:, Phoenix Publications 8827:The Marathas 1600–1818 8803:The Marathas 1600–1818 7891:Kuber, Girish (2021). 7535:Biswamoy Pati (2011). 7429:Sen, Surendra (1928). 7198:Kantak, M. R. (1993). 7078:Kantak, M. R. (1993). 6946:The Marathas 1600–1818 5865:Manu S Pillai (2018). 5240:Datta, Nonica (2003). 4544:Abraham Eraly (2000). 4053:Sailendra Sen (2013). 4003:Siba Pada Sen (1973). 3546: 3448:world's tallest statue 3401: 3379:Supreme Court of India 3346: 3226: 3154:published the seminal 3109: 3065: 3025: 2982: 2927: 2874: 2822:which became known as 2801: 2789: 2721: 2709: 2520: 2481: 2235: 2134: 2105: 2099: 1931: 1923: 1832: 1794:; the weakened Sultan 1765:Peace with the Mughals 1746: 1704: 1636: 1579: 1432: 1421: 1402:Combat with Afzal Khan 1349: 1342:Map of Southern India 1268: 1230:Background and context 674:Shivaji belonged to a 671: 526:Marathi pronunciation: 84:of the Maratha Kingdom 51:Haindava Dharmoddharak 9216:, Popular Prakashan, 9086:Shivaji and His Times 9029:Roy, Kaushik (2015), 8861:Kamdar, Mira (2018), 7446:Krishna, Bal (1940). 7105:Bhave, Y. G. (2000). 7084:. Popular Prakashan. 6665:Jeremy Black (2006). 6276:Maya Jayapal (1997). 4519:Roy, Kaushik (2012). 4311:Shivaji and his times 4028:N. Jayapalan (2001). 3989:Birth-Date of Shivaji 3798:Shivaji and his times 3490:) corresponds to the 3431:station and numerous 3395: 3337: 3222:Statue of Shivaji at 3221: 3156:Shivaji and His Times 3104: 3061: 3016: 2972: 2922: 2862: 2800:Royal seal of Shivaji 2799: 2784: 2717: 2701: 2610:or Foreign Secretary 2560:Ashta Pradhan Mandal 2516: 2469: 2377:and grandson, Peshwa 2230: 2130: 2023:it was the 13th day ( 1929: 1921: 1821: 1744: 1695: 1631: 1577: 1552:Battle of Pavan Khind 1537:Baji Prabhu Deshpande 1531:Battle of Pavan Khind 1525:Battle of Pavan Khind 1427: 1415: 1341: 1262: 667: 633:Bhonsle § origin 627:Early life of Shivaji 597:languages, replacing 571:Sultanate of Golconda 64:Portrait of Shivaji ( 9274:University of Bombay 9009:Robb, Peter (2011), 8914:, pp. 153–172, 8471:. 2 September 2022. 8366:on 28 September 2013 8334:on 28 September 2013 8252:on 29 September 2013 7780:. 19 February 2015. 7692:Girja Kumar (1997). 7648:C. A. Bayly (2011). 7252:Forts of Maharashtra 7165:Hugh Tinker (1990). 6079:Shivaji and swarajya 6011:U. B. Singh (1998). 5192:. Orient Blackswan. 4817:S.R. Sharma (1999). 4571:Kaushik Roy (2012). 3406:Western Railway zone 2989:Contemporaneous view 2587:or Finance Minister 2539:Ashta Pradhan Mandal 2420:, thus creating the 2223:Death and succession 2087:Kshatriya Kulavantas 1479:Battle of Pratapgarh 1446:Tulja Bhavani Temple 1408:Battle of Pratapgarh 1236:Adil Shahi sultanate 1175:7. Mahalsabai Jadhav 792:Ancestors of Shivaji 780:and his small army. 724:Ahmadnagar Sultanate 546:Sultanate of Bijapur 157:Ahmadnagar Sultanate 120:Position established 30:For other uses, see 10312:Invasions of Bengal 10132:Maratha Confederacy 9841:Maratha Confederacy 9604:Ancestry and family 9191:Wolpert, Stanley A. 8783:, Lexington Books, 8662:India Before Europe 8558:on 4 November 2012. 7576:Indo-British Review 7389:. 3 September 2022. 6813:. Lexington Books. 6538:John Clark Marshman 6489:. Canongate Books. 5641:, pp. 239–240. 5583:, pp. 230–233. 5535:, pp. 173–174. 5040:. 15 February 2021. 4509:, pp. 183–184. 4195:Arun Metha (2004). 3701:, pp. 103–104. 3460:geotechnical survey 3353:published his book 3307:Maharashtra Bhushan 3283:Babasaheb Purandare 2561: 2528:Third Anglo-Maratha 2422:Maratha Confederacy 2337:Mughal–Maratha Wars 2307:Mughal–Maratha Wars 2093:being the varna of 1906:was newly built by 766:of Ahmadnagar, the 706:, a Mughal-aligned 550:Maratha Confederacy 105:6 June 1674 (first) 10682:Hindu nationalists 10544:Nizam of Hyderabad 10483:Maratha–Mysore War 10159:Patwardhan dynasty 10149:Scindia of Gwalior 9794:In popular culture 9012:A History of India 8551:The Times of India 8393:. No. 30 June 8308:on 6 November 2012 8302:The Indian Express 8219:The Times of India 8166:The Times of India 8119:Studies in History 8015:The Economic Times 7839:. 28 August 2021. 6697:A History of India 6641:Discovery of India 5620:Daniel Jasper 2003 5038:New Indian Express 4086:maharashtra.gov.in 3548:Varnashrama Dharma 3488:Gregorian calendar 3402: 3347: 3329:Illustrated Weekly 3315:Illustrated Weekly 3227: 3110: 3093:Nineteenth century 2983: 2928: 2875: 2802: 2632:Religious matters 2576:or Prime Minister 2559: 2497:Ahmed Shah Durrani 2457:Nizam of Hyderabad 2236: 2135: 1932: 1924: 1833: 1792:Adil Shahi dynasty 1747: 1721:Treaty of Purandar 1705: 1702:Treaty of Purandar 1682:Treaty of Purandar 1637: 1580: 1433: 1422: 1418:Sawlaram Haldankar 1350: 1269: 698:, the daughter of 672: 645:, which is now in 613:, and hero of the 579:Battle of Purandar 10707:Founding monarchs 10702:Age controversies 10639: 10638: 10539:Portuguese Empire 10144:Gaekwad of Baroda 10139:Bhonsle of Nagpur 9930:Balaji Vishwanath 9915:Moreshvar Pingale 9802: 9801: 9477: 9476: 9468:Succeeded by 9307:978-0-19-514126-9 9223:978-81-7991-070-2 9183:978-1-5036-0259-5 9156:978-0-521-89226-1 9062:978-1-135-04787-0 9042:978-1-317-32128-6 9022:978-0-230-34424-2 9002:978-1-4384-7185-3 8961:978-1-932705-54-6 8941:978-81-207-1015-3 8921:978-1-4384-3323-3 8894:978-0-19-026673-8 8874:978-0-19-997360-6 8837:978-0-521-03316-9 8817:978-0-521-26883-7 8790:978-0-7391-9223-8 8770:978-81-317-3202-1 8750:978-0-14-100143-2 8720:978-1-4008-6815-5 8696:978-0-520-02407-6 8672:978-0-521-80904-7 8633:indianexpress.com 8582:978-0-19-972643-1 8443:Business Standard 8226:on 11 August 2011 8194:. 12 January 2004 8192:Financial Express 8068:978-0-253-35335-1 7992:The Indian P.E.N. 7973:Lok Sabha Debates 7942:978-0-307-78934-1 7904:978-93-90327-39-3 7759:978-90-04-09828-2 7732:978-81-8475-183-3 7705:978-81-241-0525-2 7661:978-1-139-50518-5 7630:978-0-231-12486-7 7603:978-0-253-22052-3 7548:978-93-80607-18-4 7521:978-93-83074-63-1 7449:Shivaji The Great 7372:978-1-317-58710-1 7348:. IBH Prakashana. 7313:978-1-136-79087-4 7262:978-81-7024-696-1 7211:978-81-7154-696-1 7184:978-0-8248-1287-4 7151:978-0-14-016870-9 7118:978-81-7211-100-7 7091:978-81-7154-696-1 7064:978-0-19-534235-2 7037:978-0-8032-1344-9 7010:978-1-317-58691-3 6983:978-93-5118-093-7 6956:978-0-521-03316-9 6929:978-81-8483-072-9 6820:978-0-7391-9223-8 6781:978-0-8223-4904-4 6754:978-81-8483-073-6 6706:978-0-14-013836-8 6678:978-0-275-99039-8 6651:978-93-85990-05-2 6624:978-81-7154-578-0 6553:978-1-108-02104-3 6523:978-93-5118-093-7 6496:978-0-85786-125-2 6377:978-93-80875-17-0 6289:978-81-86852-09-5 6238:978-1-4766-0889-1 6172:978-90-8728-068-0 6024:978-81-7024-928-3 5980:978-81-7755-286-7 5905:978-0-8032-1344-9 5878:978-93-86228-73-4 5812:978-0-19-566915-2 5785:978-1-351-18821-0 5718:978-81-321-1865-7 5676:978-0-14-029045-5 5601:(19): 1126–1134. 5442:978-81-85016-51-1 5415:978-0-429-97950-7 5388:978-81-8475-318-9 5361:978-81-8483-073-6 5334:978-81-219-0364-6 5307:978-0-14-029521-4 5280:978-1-00-045142-9 5253:978-81-7991-067-2 5226:978-81-207-1015-3 5199:978-81-250-0333-5 5160:978-81-8430-108-3 5121:978-0-19-563386-3 4963:978-0-521-56603-2 4953:The Mughal Empire 4936:978-0-19-577385-9 4897:978-81-8430-102-1 4830:978-81-7156-818-5 4807:, pp. 55–56. 4791:978-81-900113-5-8 4737:978-81-250-0485-1 4659:978-81-8483-073-6 4584:978-1-139-57684-0 4557:978-93-5118-128-6 4530:978-1-139-57684-0 4493:978-0-521-56603-2 4483:The Mughal Empire 4430:978-0-14-196655-7 4407:, pp. 41–42. 4287:, pp. 33–35. 4285:Subrahmanyam 2002 4271:978-81-317-3202-1 4235:978-0-8122-0279-3 4208:978-81-85771-95-3 4181:978-0-521-25484-7 4154:. Orient Longman. 4131:978-0-19-972643-1 4079:"Public Holidays" 4064:978-9-38060-734-4 4039:978-81-7156-928-1 4014:978-81-208-0900-0 3951:978-81-89959-35-7 3898:978-1-000-69155-9 3871:978-1-00-045282-2 3848:, pp. 79–81. 3778:978-0-8223-4904-4 3746:978-0-521-56603-2 3736:The Mughal Empire 3661:978-0-7914-2837-5 3622:978-0-333-90396-4 3452:COVID-19 pandemic 3375:Bombay High Court 3238:Political parties 3214:Post independence 2672:Rājavyavahārakośa 2655: 2654: 2367:Balaji Vishwanath 1483:Bijapur Sultanate 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 700:Lakhuji Jadhavrao 694:. His mother was 692:Deccan Sultanates 518: 517: 368: 367: 16:(Redirected from 10719: 10357:Capture of Delhi 10332:North-west India 10302:2nd Trichinopoly 10292:1st Trichinopoly 10154:Holkar of Indore 10123:Tulsi Bai Holkar 10043:Ahilyabai Holkar 9945:Madhavrao Ballal 9925:Bahiroji Pingale 9839: 9829: 9822: 9815: 9806: 9805: 9653: 9598: 9592: 9573: 9566: 9559: 9550: 9549: 9541: 9540: 9539: 9529: 9528: 9527: 9517: 9516: 9515: 9505: 9504: 9503: 9493: 9492: 9491: 9484: 9451:new state formed 9436: 9429: 9428: 9427: 1627/1630 9425: 9415:House of Bhonsle 9406: 9405: 9371: 9356: 9320: 9311: 9299: 9285: 9264: 9226: 9203: 9186: 9164:Truschke, Audrey 9159: 9139: 9118: 9104: 9095:Sarkar, Jadunath 9090: 9081:Sarkar, Jadunath 9076: 9065: 9045: 9025: 9005: 8985: 8971:Who Was Shivaji? 8964: 8944: 8924: 8897: 8877: 8857: 8841: 8820: 8793: 8773: 8753: 8723: 8699: 8675: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8635:. 23 August 2021 8625: 8619: 8618: 8612: 8610: 8593: 8587: 8586: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8435: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8382: 8376: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8324: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8304:. Archived from 8294: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8268: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8169:. 6 January 2004 8157: 8151: 8150: 8116: 8108: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8082: 8073: 8072: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7947: 7946: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7888: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7645: 7639: 7638: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7571: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7489: 7483: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7443: 7437: 7436: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7318: 7317: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7279: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7172: 7162: 7156: 7155: 7139: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7048: 7042: 7041: 7021: 7015: 7014: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6892: 6891: 6881: 6875: 6870:Gijs Kruijtzer, 6868: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6738: 6732: 6720: 6711: 6710: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6587: 6586: 6576: 6570: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6507: 6501: 6500: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6460: 6454: 6448: 6442: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6407:India since 1526 6401: 6390: 6389: 6361: 6352: 6351: 6343: 6337: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6298: 6297: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6035: 6029: 6028: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5945: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5702: 5696: 5695:, p. 87-88. 5690: 5684: 5683: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5489: 5483: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5042: 5041: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4775: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4352:India since 1526 4346: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4165: 4156: 4155: 4145: 4136: 4135: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4083: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4030:History of India 4025: 4019: 4018: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3918: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3834: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3792: 3783: 3782: 3762: 3751: 3750: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3711: 3702: 3696: 3683: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3606: 3597: 3591: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3501: 3495: 3480: 3367:Sambhaji Brigade 3340:Gateway of India 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3200:Jawaharlal Nehru 3160:James Grant Duff 3086:91 Kalami Bakhar 3068:Early depictions 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3040:bi jahannum raft 3008:Francois Bernier 2975:M. V. Dhurandhar 2828:Marathi language 2820:guerilla tactics 2757: 2745: 2678:Religious policy 2562: 2558: 2149:(mid-year), and 2108: 2102: 1896:Hambirrao Mohite 1874:Battle of Nesari 1870:Battle of Umrani 1831: 1828: 1796:Ali Adil Shah II 1772:Mughal mansabdar 1620:Battle of Chakan 1489:Siege of Panhala 1438:Ali Adil Shah II 1348: 1345: 798: 797: 789: 788: 742: 739: 730:". He was given 714:royal family of 577:. Following the 558:of his realm at 539: 536: 532: 527: 405: 394: 387: 380: 371: 370: 364: 285: 283: 263: 261: 241: 239: 219: 217: 174: 150:19 February 1630 149: 147: 70: 67: 62: 39: 38: 21: 10727: 10726: 10722: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10717: 10716: 10677:Indian warriors 10642: 10641: 10640: 10635: 10619: 10553: 10502: 10466: 10163: 10127: 10031: 9984: 9960:Sawai Madhavrao 9940:Balaji Baji Rao 9896: 9843: 9833: 9803: 9798: 9785: 9712: 9654: 9645: 9599: 9594: 9588: 9582: 9577: 9547: 9537: 9535: 9525: 9523: 9513: 9511: 9501: 9499: 9489: 9487: 9479: 9473: 9464: 9452: 9449: 9430: 9426: 9419: 9418: 9411: 9395: 9364: 9359: 9337:10.2307/2053980 9308: 9290:Laine, James W. 9234: 9232:Further reading 9229: 9224: 9184: 9157: 9137: 9063: 9043: 9023: 9003: 8982: 8962: 8942: 8922: 8902:Laine, James W. 8895: 8875: 8838: 8818: 8798:Gordon, Stewart 8791: 8771: 8751: 8721: 8697: 8673: 8654: 8649: 8648: 8638: 8636: 8627: 8626: 8622: 8608: 8606: 8603:Huffington Post 8594: 8590: 8583: 8567: 8563: 8544: 8543: 8539: 8529: 8527: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8504:on 18 July 2012 8496: 8495: 8491: 8481: 8479: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8448: 8446: 8437: 8436: 8432: 8422: 8420: 8410: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8383: 8379: 8369: 8367: 8352: 8351: 8347: 8337: 8335: 8326: 8325: 8321: 8311: 8309: 8296: 8295: 8291: 8281: 8279: 8269: 8265: 8255: 8253: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8229: 8227: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8159: 8158: 8154: 8109: 8105: 8095: 8093: 8092:. 23 March 2004 8084: 8083: 8076: 8069: 8053: 8049: 8042: 8026: 8022: 8007: 8003: 7989: 7988: 7984: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7957: 7950: 7943: 7924: 7920: 7905: 7889: 7885: 7875: 7873: 7864: 7863: 7859: 7849: 7847: 7831: 7830: 7826: 7816: 7814: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7790: 7788: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7760: 7744: 7740: 7733: 7717: 7713: 7706: 7690: 7686: 7678:The Grand Rebel 7673: 7669: 7662: 7646: 7642: 7631: 7615: 7611: 7604: 7588: 7584: 7573: 7572: 7568: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7533: 7529: 7522: 7506: 7502: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7478: 7474: 7461: 7457: 7444: 7440: 7427: 7423: 7415: 7411: 7398: 7394: 7385: 7384: 7380: 7373: 7357: 7353: 7340: 7336: 7328: 7321: 7314: 7298: 7294: 7286: 7282: 7274: 7270: 7263: 7247: 7243: 7235: 7231: 7223: 7219: 7212: 7196: 7192: 7185: 7163: 7159: 7152: 7130: 7126: 7119: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7065: 7049: 7045: 7038: 7022: 7018: 7011: 6995: 6991: 6984: 6968: 6964: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6930: 6914: 6910: 6902: 6895: 6882: 6878: 6869: 6865: 6855: 6853: 6844: 6840: 6832: 6828: 6821: 6805: 6801: 6793: 6789: 6782: 6766: 6762: 6755: 6739: 6735: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6690: 6686: 6679: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6590: 6577: 6573: 6565: 6561: 6554: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6508: 6504: 6497: 6481: 6477: 6461: 6457: 6449: 6445: 6437: 6433: 6418: 6402: 6393: 6378: 6362: 6355: 6344: 6340: 6336:, p. 1147. 6332: 6328: 6320: 6316: 6308: 6301: 6290: 6274: 6270: 6262: 6258: 6250: 6246: 6239: 6223: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6184: 6180: 6173: 6157: 6153: 6145: 6141: 6128: 6124: 6116: 6112: 6095: 6091: 6074: 6070: 6053: 6049: 6036: 6032: 6025: 6009: 6005: 5992: 5988: 5981: 5965: 5961: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5934: 5930: 5917: 5913: 5906: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5832: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5797: 5793: 5786: 5770: 5766: 5758: 5754: 5742: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5719: 5703: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5677: 5661: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5633: 5623: 5618: 5614: 5591: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5555: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5507: 5503: 5490: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5466: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5443: 5427: 5423: 5416: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5373: 5369: 5362: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5292: 5288: 5281: 5265: 5261: 5254: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5184: 5180: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5145: 5141: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5106: 5102: 5094: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5045: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5017: 5015: 4999: 4995: 4987: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4964: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4921: 4917: 4909: 4905: 4898: 4882: 4878: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4854: 4850: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4815: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4776: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4738: 4722: 4718: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4686: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4644: 4640: 4632: 4628: 4620: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4363: 4347: 4340: 4332: 4328: 4321: 4307: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4220: 4216: 4209: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4166: 4159: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4116: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4001: 3997: 3984: 3980: 3968:Shri Shivbharat 3963: 3959: 3952: 3936: 3932: 3921:Current Science 3916: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3837: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3763: 3754: 3747: 3731: 3727: 3712: 3705: 3697: 3686: 3676:Julian calendar 3673: 3669: 3662: 3646: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3623: 3607: 3600: 3592: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3555: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3484:Julian calendar 3481: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3387: 3302: 3300:Bard of Shivaji 3299: 3296: 3293: 3279: 3259: 3257:Army of Shivaji 3256: 3253: 3250: 3240: 3216: 3196: 3187:The Grand Rebel 3095: 3080:Sabhasad Bakhar 3070: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 2991: 2977:of Shivaji and 2967: 2917: 2911: 2902:Jadunath Sarkar 2881: 2879:Shivaji's forts 2857: 2843: 2811: 2809:Mode of warfare 2794: 2772: 2765: 2758: 2749: 2746: 2680: 2663: 2547: 2541: 2536: 2430: 2309: 2303: 2282:on the throne. 2260:Sabhasad Bakhar 2251:Hanuman Jayanti 2225: 2165:in April 1676. 2125: 2119: 1916: 1908:Hiroji Indulkar 1880:Prataprao Gujar 1876: 1868:Main articles: 1866: 1829: 1816: 1780:Prince Mu'azzam 1776:Prataprao Gujar 1767: 1739: 1690: 1684: 1634:M.V. Dhurandhar 1626: 1624:Battle of Surat 1618:Main articles: 1616: 1572: 1550:In the ensuing 1533: 1527: 1491: 1477:In the ensuing 1410: 1404: 1359:Chandrarao More 1346: 1289: 1281:Dadoji Kondadeo 1244:Maratha uplands 1232: 1227: 1222: 786: 740: 684:Shahaji Bhonsle 655:Shivaji Jayanti 635: 629: 623: 611:Swaraj movement 542:Bhonsle dynasty 537: 525: 519: 514: 406: 400: 398: 293: 290:Kashibai Jadhav 287: 284: 1656) 279: 275: 265: 262: 1653) 257: 253: 243: 240: 1650) 235: 231: 221: 213: 209: 206: 186:Maratha Kingdom 176: 172: 151: 145: 143: 111: 75: 68: 49: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10725: 10715: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10687:Hindu monarchs 10684: 10679: 10674: 10672:Marathi people 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10637: 10636: 10634: 10633: 10627: 10625: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10561: 10559: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10534:British Empire 10531: 10529:Durrani Empire 10526: 10521: 10516: 10510: 10508: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10474: 10472: 10468: 10467: 10465: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10237:Raigarh (1689) 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10173: 10171: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10135: 10133: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10113:Umabai Dabhade 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10039: 10037: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10009: 10007:Pralhad Niraji 10004: 9998: 9996: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9906: 9904: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9853: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9832: 9831: 9824: 9817: 9809: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9796: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9722: 9720: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9664: 9662: 9656: 9655: 9648: 9646: 9644: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9611:Maloji Bhosale 9607: 9605: 9601: 9600: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9576: 9575: 9568: 9561: 9553: 9546: 9545: 9533: 9521: 9509: 9497: 9475: 9474: 9469: 9466: 9461:Maratha Empire 9453: 9450: 9443: 9442: 9441:Regnal titles 9438: 9437: 9412: 9409: 9404: 9403: 9377: 9363: 9362:External links 9360: 9358: 9357: 9331:(2): 221–235. 9312: 9306: 9286: 9265: 9247:(2): 215–230. 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9208:Zakaria, Rafiq 9204: 9187: 9182: 9160: 9155: 9140: 9135: 9119: 9105: 9091: 9077: 9066: 9061: 9046: 9041: 9026: 9021: 9006: 9001: 8986: 8981:978-9380118130 8980: 8965: 8960: 8945: 8940: 8925: 8920: 8898: 8893: 8878: 8873: 8858: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8836: 8816: 8794: 8789: 8774: 8769: 8754: 8749: 8728:Eraly, Abraham 8724: 8719: 8700: 8695: 8676: 8671: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8620: 8588: 8581: 8561: 8537: 8515: 8489: 8456: 8445:. 25 June 2011 8430: 8404: 8391:Times of India 8377: 8345: 8319: 8289: 8263: 8237: 8205: 8180: 8152: 8125:(2): 317–329. 8103: 8074: 8067: 8047: 8040: 8020: 8001: 7982: 7963: 7961:, p. 164. 7948: 7941: 7927:Naipaul, V. S. 7918: 7903: 7883: 7857: 7824: 7798: 7765: 7758: 7738: 7731: 7711: 7704: 7684: 7667: 7660: 7640: 7629: 7609: 7602: 7582: 7566: 7564:, p. 107. 7554: 7547: 7527: 7520: 7500: 7484: 7472: 7455: 7438: 7421: 7409: 7392: 7378: 7371: 7351: 7334: 7319: 7312: 7292: 7290:, p. 414. 7280: 7278:, p. 408. 7268: 7261: 7241: 7229: 7217: 7210: 7190: 7183: 7157: 7150: 7124: 7117: 7097: 7090: 7070: 7063: 7043: 7036: 7016: 7009: 6989: 6982: 6962: 6955: 6935: 6928: 6908: 6893: 6876: 6863: 6838: 6836:, p. 250. 6826: 6819: 6799: 6797:, p. 421. 6787: 6780: 6760: 6753: 6733: 6712: 6705: 6693:Percival Spear 6684: 6677: 6657: 6650: 6630: 6623: 6603: 6588: 6571: 6569:, p. 226. 6559: 6552: 6529: 6522: 6502: 6495: 6475: 6455: 6443: 6431: 6416: 6391: 6376: 6353: 6338: 6334:Mehendale 2011 6326: 6324:, p. 278. 6314: 6299: 6288: 6268: 6266:, p. 251. 6256: 6254:, p. 290. 6244: 6237: 6217: 6215:, p. 276. 6205: 6178: 6171: 6151: 6149:, p. 258. 6139: 6122: 6110: 6089: 6068: 6047: 6030: 6023: 6003: 5986: 5979: 5959: 5940: 5928: 5911: 5904: 5884: 5877: 5857: 5855:, p. 252. 5845: 5843:, p. 245. 5830: 5828:, p. 244. 5818: 5811: 5791: 5784: 5764: 5762:, p. 321. 5752: 5736: 5724: 5717: 5697: 5685: 5675: 5655: 5643: 5631: 5622:, p. 215. 5612: 5585: 5573: 5571:, p. 393. 5561: 5559:, p. 189. 5549: 5547:, p. 175. 5537: 5525: 5523:, p. 461. 5513: 5511:, p. 460. 5501: 5484: 5482:, p. 231. 5472: 5470:, p. 185. 5460: 5448: 5441: 5421: 5414: 5394: 5387: 5381:. Penguin UK. 5367: 5360: 5340: 5333: 5313: 5306: 5286: 5279: 5259: 5252: 5232: 5225: 5205: 5198: 5178: 5166: 5159: 5139: 5127: 5120: 5100: 5088: 5076: 5074:, p. 258. 5064: 5043: 5025: 4993: 4991:, p. 491. 4981: 4979:, p. 543. 4969: 4962: 4942: 4935: 4915: 4903: 4896: 4876: 4860: 4848: 4836: 4829: 4809: 4797: 4790: 4767: 4755: 4753:, p. 283. 4743: 4736: 4716: 4714:, p. 266. 4704: 4692: 4677: 4665: 4658: 4638: 4626: 4614: 4602: 4590: 4583: 4563: 4556: 4536: 4529: 4511: 4499: 4492: 4472: 4460: 4448: 4436: 4429: 4409: 4397: 4388: 4376: 4361: 4338: 4326: 4320:978-8125040262 4319: 4301: 4289: 4277: 4270: 4250: 4241: 4234: 4214: 4207: 4187: 4180: 4157: 4137: 4130: 4110: 4098: 4070: 4063: 4045: 4038: 4020: 4013: 3995: 3978: 3957: 3950: 3930: 3904: 3897: 3877: 3870: 3850: 3835: 3816: 3812:Deshpande 2015 3804: 3784: 3777: 3752: 3745: 3725: 3703: 3684: 3667: 3660: 3640: 3638:, p. 260. 3628: 3621: 3598: 3596:, p. 222. 3582: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3563: 3553: 3534: 3525: 3515: 3505: 3496: 3492:Hindu calendar 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3433:postage stamps 3412:, was renamed 3386: 3385:Commemorations 3383: 3359:Ananya Vajpeyi 3351:James W. Laine 3278: 3275: 3239: 3236: 3232:Marathi people 3215: 3212: 3195: 3192: 3182:Dennis Kincaid 3129:Lokmanya Tilak 3114:Jyotirao Phule 3094: 3091: 3069: 3066: 2990: 2987: 2981:at Pawan Khind 2966: 2963: 2924:Sindudurg Fort 2913:Main article: 2910: 2907: 2877:Main article: 2856: 2853: 2842: 2839: 2810: 2807: 2793: 2790: 2780:Stewart Gordon 2776:Samarth Ramdas 2771: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2759: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2740: 2679: 2676: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2598:or Chronicler 2592: 2591: 2588: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2543:Main article: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2429: 2426: 2379:Balaji Bajirao 2302: 2299: 2224: 2221: 2207:Mysore plateau 2145:(April 1675), 2121:Main article: 2118: 2115: 2021:Hindu calendar 2016:Hindavi Swaraj 2011:Maratha Empire 1944:Hindu Marathis 1915: 1912: 1865: 1862: 1842:Mawara-un-Nahr 1815: 1812: 1766: 1763: 1738: 1735: 1686:Main article: 1683: 1680: 1615: 1612: 1571: 1568: 1529:Main article: 1526: 1523: 1490: 1487: 1450:Vithoba temple 1403: 1400: 1377:, Ghorpade of 1288: 1285: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1066: 1064:Lakhuji Jadhav 1060: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1005: 999: 996: 995: 992: 991: 989: 986: 985: 983: 980: 979: 977: 974: 973: 970: 969: 967: 965: 963: 960: 959: 957: 954: 953: 951: 948: 945: 944: 941: 940: 938: 935: 934: 932: 929: 928: 926: 923: 922: 919: 918: 916: 914: 912: 910: 908: 905: 904: 902: 899: 898: 896: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 880: 877: 876: 874: 871: 870: 868: 865: 864: 861: 860: 858: 856: 854: 851: 850: 848: 845: 844: 842: 836: 833: 832: 829: 828: 826: 823: 822: 820: 817: 816: 813: 811: 809: 807: 805: 803: 801: 794: 793: 787: 785: 782: 678:family of the 625:Main article: 622: 619: 516: 515: 513: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 411: 408: 407: 397: 396: 389: 382: 374: 366: 365: 358: 354: 353: 348: 344: 343: 338: 334: 333: 328: 324: 323: 318: 312: 311: 309:Rajaram I 301: 295: 294: 292: 291: 277: 271: 270: 269: 268: 255: 249: 248: 247: 246: 233: 227: 226: 225: 224: 211: 207: 202: 201: 200: 199: 196: 194: 190: 189: 175:(aged 50) 169: 165: 164: 141: 137: 136: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 110: 109: 106: 102: 100: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 77: 76: 73:British Museum 63: 55: 54: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10724: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10692:Maratha kings 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10622: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10595:Shaniwar Wada 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10562: 10560: 10556: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10524:Mughal Empire 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10505: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10397:Bahadur Benda 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10352:Rakshasbhuvan 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10166: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10130: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10034: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9899: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9838: 9830: 9825: 9823: 9818: 9816: 9811: 9810: 9807: 9795: 9792: 9791: 9788: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9715: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9657: 9652: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9602: 9597: 9591: 9585: 9581: 9574: 9569: 9567: 9562: 9560: 9555: 9554: 9551: 9544: 9534: 9532: 9522: 9520: 9510: 9508: 9498: 9496: 9486: 9485: 9482: 9472: 9463: 9462: 9458: 9448: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9422: 9417: 9416: 9407: 9402: 9398: 9393: 9389: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9375: 9370: 9366: 9365: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9309: 9303: 9298: 9297: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9237: 9236: 9225: 9219: 9215: 9214: 9209: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9188: 9185: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9161: 9158: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9141: 9138: 9136:0-521-26693-9 9132: 9128: 9124: 9123:Stein, Burton 9120: 9116: 9115: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9101: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9073: 9067: 9064: 9058: 9055:, Routledge, 9054: 9053: 9047: 9044: 9038: 9035:, Routledge, 9034: 9033: 9027: 9024: 9018: 9015:, Macmillan, 9014: 9013: 9007: 9004: 8998: 8994: 8993: 8987: 8983: 8977: 8973: 8972: 8966: 8963: 8957: 8953: 8952: 8946: 8943: 8937: 8933: 8932: 8926: 8923: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8899: 8896: 8890: 8886: 8885: 8879: 8876: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8851: 8845: 8839: 8833: 8829: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8795: 8792: 8786: 8782: 8781: 8775: 8772: 8766: 8762: 8761: 8755: 8752: 8746: 8742: 8739: 8738:Penguin Books 8735: 8734: 8729: 8725: 8722: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8707: 8701: 8698: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8683: 8677: 8674: 8668: 8664: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8634: 8630: 8624: 8616: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8592: 8584: 8578: 8574: 8573: 8565: 8557: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8541: 8525: 8519: 8503: 8499: 8493: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8419: 8415: 8408: 8392: 8388: 8381: 8365: 8361: 8360: 8355: 8349: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8293: 8278: 8274: 8267: 8251: 8247: 8241: 8225: 8221: 8220: 8215: 8209: 8193: 8190: 8184: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8156: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8115: 8107: 8091: 8087: 8081: 8079: 8070: 8064: 8060: 8059: 8051: 8043: 8041:0-691-08840-3 8037: 8033: 8032: 8024: 8016: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7994: 7993: 7986: 7979: 7975: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7955: 7953: 7944: 7938: 7934: 7933: 7928: 7922: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7900: 7896: 7895: 7887: 7872:. 3 June 2015 7871: 7867: 7861: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7828: 7813:. 22 May 2003 7812: 7808: 7802: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7769: 7761: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7742: 7734: 7728: 7724: 7723: 7715: 7707: 7701: 7697: 7696: 7688: 7680: 7679: 7671: 7663: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7644: 7637: 7632: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7613: 7605: 7599: 7595: 7594: 7586: 7578: 7577: 7570: 7563: 7558: 7550: 7544: 7540: 7539: 7531: 7523: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7504: 7496: 7495: 7488: 7482:, p. 54. 7481: 7480:Truschke 2017 7476: 7468: 7467: 7459: 7451: 7450: 7442: 7434: 7433: 7425: 7419:, p. 74. 7418: 7413: 7405: 7404: 7396: 7388: 7382: 7374: 7368: 7364: 7363: 7355: 7347: 7346: 7338: 7332:, p. 59. 7331: 7326: 7324: 7315: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7296: 7289: 7284: 7277: 7272: 7264: 7258: 7254: 7253: 7245: 7239:, p. 21. 7238: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7213: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7194: 7186: 7180: 7176: 7171: 7170: 7161: 7153: 7147: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7128: 7120: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7101: 7093: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7074: 7066: 7060: 7056: 7055: 7047: 7039: 7033: 7029: 7028: 7020: 7012: 7006: 7003:. Routledge. 7002: 7001: 6993: 6985: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6966: 6958: 6952: 6948: 6947: 6939: 6931: 6925: 6921: 6920: 6912: 6906:, p. 81. 6905: 6900: 6898: 6889: 6888: 6880: 6873: 6867: 6851: 6850: 6842: 6835: 6834:Sardesai 1957 6830: 6822: 6816: 6812: 6811: 6803: 6796: 6791: 6783: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6764: 6756: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6737: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6723:Ashta Pradhan 6719: 6717: 6708: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6680: 6674: 6670: 6669: 6661: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6634: 6626: 6620: 6616: 6615: 6607: 6600: 6595: 6593: 6584: 6583: 6575: 6568: 6563: 6555: 6549: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6525: 6519: 6515: 6514: 6506: 6498: 6492: 6488: 6487: 6479: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6459: 6453:, p. 48. 6452: 6447: 6441:, p. 53. 6440: 6439:Truschke 2017 6435: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6417:81-219-1145-1 6413: 6409: 6408: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6369: 6368: 6360: 6358: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6330: 6323: 6318: 6312:, p. 47. 6311: 6306: 6304: 6296: 6291: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6272: 6265: 6264:Sardesai 1957 6260: 6253: 6248: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6221: 6214: 6209: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6182: 6174: 6168: 6164: 6163: 6155: 6148: 6143: 6135: 6134: 6126: 6120:, p. 17. 6119: 6114: 6107: 6102: 6101: 6093: 6086: 6081: 6080: 6072: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6051: 6043: 6042: 6034: 6026: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6007: 5999: 5998: 5990: 5982: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5963: 5956: 5952: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5932: 5924: 5923: 5915: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5888: 5880: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5835: 5827: 5822: 5814: 5808: 5804: 5803: 5795: 5787: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5768: 5761: 5756: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5734:, p. 88. 5733: 5728: 5720: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5701: 5694: 5689: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5659: 5653:, p. 87. 5652: 5647: 5640: 5635: 5627: 5621: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5589: 5582: 5577: 5570: 5565: 5558: 5553: 5546: 5541: 5534: 5529: 5522: 5517: 5510: 5505: 5497: 5496: 5488: 5481: 5476: 5469: 5464: 5458:, p. 98. 5457: 5452: 5444: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5425: 5417: 5411: 5408:. Routledge. 5407: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5371: 5363: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5344: 5336: 5330: 5326: 5325: 5317: 5309: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5290: 5282: 5276: 5272: 5271: 5263: 5255: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5236: 5228: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5182: 5176:, p. 76. 5175: 5170: 5162: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5143: 5137:, p. 78. 5136: 5131: 5123: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5104: 5098:, p. 74. 5097: 5092: 5086:, p. 77. 5085: 5080: 5073: 5068: 5061: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5005: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4978: 4973: 4965: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4946: 4938: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4919: 4913:, p. 71. 4912: 4907: 4899: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4880: 4872: 4871: 4864: 4858:, p. 60. 4857: 4852: 4846:, p. 57. 4845: 4840: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4813: 4806: 4801: 4793: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4774: 4772: 4764: 4763:Sardesai 1957 4759: 4752: 4747: 4739: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4720: 4713: 4708: 4702:, p. 78. 4701: 4696: 4690:, p. 75. 4689: 4684: 4682: 4674: 4669: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4642: 4636:, p. 22. 4635: 4630: 4624:, p. 67. 4623: 4618: 4612:, p. 70. 4611: 4606: 4600:, p. 17. 4599: 4594: 4586: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4567: 4559: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4540: 4532: 4526: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4503: 4495: 4489: 4485: 4484: 4476: 4470:, p. 66. 4469: 4464: 4458:, p. 69. 4457: 4452: 4446:, p. 85. 4445: 4440: 4432: 4426: 4422: 4421: 4413: 4406: 4401: 4392: 4386:, p. 61. 4385: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4362:81-219-1145-1 4358: 4354: 4353: 4345: 4343: 4336:, p. 61. 4335: 4330: 4322: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4299:, p. 59. 4298: 4293: 4286: 4281: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4254: 4245: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4218: 4210: 4204: 4200: 4199: 4191: 4183: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4164: 4162: 4153: 4152: 4144: 4142: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4114: 4108:, p. 19. 4107: 4102: 4087: 4080: 4074: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4041: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4016: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3991: 3990: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3961: 3953: 3947: 3943: 3942: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3908: 3900: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3854: 3847: 3842: 3840: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3813: 3808: 3800: 3799: 3791: 3789: 3780: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3748: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3708: 3700: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3663: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3644: 3637: 3632: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3605: 3603: 3595: 3594:Sardesai 1957 3590: 3588: 3583: 3567: 3557: 3550: 3549: 3543: 3538: 3529: 3519: 3509: 3500: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3396:A replica of 3394: 3390: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3312:In 1993, the 3310: 3308: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3245: 3242:In 1966, the 3235: 3233: 3225: 3220: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3064: 3060: 3041: 3039: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3013: 3010:wrote in his 3009: 3005: 3004:Julius Caesar 3001: 2997: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2852: 2849: 2838: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2806: 2798: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2763: 2756: 2751: 2744: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2726: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2708: 2706: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2658: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2552:Ashta Pradhan 2546: 2545:Ashta Pradhan 2531: 2529: 2525: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2509:Madhav Rao II 2506: 2502: 2501:Afghan Empire 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2233: 2229: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201:), who ruled 2200: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:sacred thread 1961: 1960: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1928: 1920: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1898:, as the new 1897: 1893: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1875: 1871: 1861: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1762: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1743: 1734: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1611: 1609: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1430: 1426: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1367:Mahabaleshwar 1364: 1360: 1355: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1240:Mughal empire 1237: 1234:In 1636, the 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1004: 998: 997: 994: 993: 988: 987: 982: 981: 976: 975: 972: 971: 962: 961: 956: 955: 947: 946: 943: 942: 937: 936: 931: 930: 925: 924: 921: 920: 907: 906: 901: 900: 895: 889: 888: 885: 884: 879: 878: 873: 872: 867: 866: 863: 862: 853: 852: 847: 846: 841: 835: 834: 831: 830: 825: 824: 819: 818: 812: 800: 799: 796: 795: 791: 790: 781: 779: 776:(fiefdom) at 775: 774: 769: 765: 761: 760:Mughal Empire 757: 753: 749: 744: 735: 734: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 670: 669:Shivneri Fort 666: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 647:Pune district 644: 640: 634: 628: 618: 616: 612: 608: 603: 600: 596: 592: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 567:Mughal Empire 563: 561: 557: 556: 551: 547: 543: 531: 523: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 409: 404: 401:Campaigns of 395: 390: 388: 383: 381: 376: 375: 372: 363: 359: 355: 352: 349: 345: 342: 339: 335: 332: 329: 325: 322: 319: 317: 313: 310: 306: 303:8, including 302: 300: 296: 289: 288: 274: 267: 266: 252: 245: 244: 230: 223: 222: 205: 198: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 170: 166: 162: 159:(present-day 158: 154: 153:Shivneri Fort 142: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 121: 118: 114: 107: 104: 103: 101: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 78: 74: 61: 56: 53: 52: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 10015: 9955:Raghunathrao 9892:Pratap Singh 9856: 9849:Chhatrapatis 9726:Karnala Fort 9579: 9455: 9446: 9435:3 April 1680 9432: 9420: 9413: 9385: 9376:at Wikiquote 9328: 9322: 9295: 9269: 9244: 9240: 9212: 9195: 9168: 9145: 9126: 9113: 9099: 9085: 9071: 9051: 9031: 9011: 8991: 8974:. LeftWord. 8970: 8950: 8930: 8906: 8883: 8863: 8849: 8826: 8802: 8779: 8759: 8732: 8705: 8681: 8661: 8652:Bibliography 8637:. Retrieved 8632: 8623: 8613:– via 8607:. Retrieved 8601: 8591: 8571: 8564: 8556:the original 8549: 8540: 8530:17 September 8528:. Retrieved 8518: 8508:17 September 8506:. Retrieved 8502:the original 8492: 8480:. Retrieved 8468: 8459: 8447:. Retrieved 8442: 8433: 8421:. Retrieved 8417: 8407: 8395:. Retrieved 8390: 8380: 8370:17 September 8368:. Retrieved 8364:the original 8357: 8348: 8338:17 September 8336:. Retrieved 8332:the original 8322: 8312:17 September 8310:. Retrieved 8306:the original 8301: 8292: 8282:25 September 8280:. Retrieved 8276: 8266: 8256:25 September 8254:. Retrieved 8250:the original 8240: 8230:25 September 8228:. Retrieved 8224:the original 8217: 8208: 8196:. Retrieved 8191: 8183: 8171:. Retrieved 8164: 8155: 8122: 8118: 8106: 8096:25 September 8094:. Retrieved 8089: 8057: 8050: 8030: 8023: 8014: 8004: 7996: 7991: 7985: 7977: 7972: 7966: 7931: 7921: 7893: 7886: 7874:. Retrieved 7869: 7860: 7848:. Retrieved 7836: 7827: 7815:. Retrieved 7810: 7801: 7789:. Retrieved 7777: 7768: 7748: 7741: 7721: 7714: 7694: 7687: 7677: 7670: 7650: 7643: 7634: 7619: 7612: 7592: 7585: 7575: 7569: 7557: 7537: 7530: 7510: 7503: 7493: 7487: 7475: 7465: 7458: 7448: 7441: 7431: 7424: 7412: 7402: 7395: 7381: 7361: 7354: 7344: 7337: 7302: 7295: 7283: 7271: 7251: 7244: 7232: 7220: 7200: 7193: 7168: 7160: 7135: 7127: 7107: 7100: 7080: 7073: 7053: 7046: 7026: 7019: 6999: 6992: 6972: 6965: 6945: 6938: 6918: 6911: 6886: 6879: 6871: 6866: 6856:27 September 6854:. Retrieved 6848: 6841: 6829: 6809: 6802: 6790: 6770: 6763: 6744:The Marathas 6743: 6736: 6726: 6696: 6687: 6667: 6660: 6640: 6633: 6613: 6606: 6581: 6574: 6562: 6542: 6532: 6512: 6505: 6485: 6478: 6470: 6465: 6458: 6446: 6434: 6406: 6366: 6347: 6341: 6329: 6317: 6293: 6278: 6271: 6259: 6247: 6227: 6220: 6208: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6161: 6154: 6142: 6132: 6125: 6113: 6104: 6099: 6092: 6083: 6078: 6071: 6062: 6057: 6050: 6040: 6033: 6013: 6006: 5996: 5989: 5969: 5962: 5954: 5950:Yuva Bharati 5949: 5943: 5931: 5921: 5914: 5894: 5887: 5867: 5860: 5848: 5821: 5801: 5794: 5774: 5767: 5755: 5739: 5727: 5707: 5700: 5688: 5680: 5665: 5658: 5646: 5634: 5615: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5576: 5564: 5552: 5540: 5528: 5516: 5504: 5494: 5487: 5475: 5463: 5451: 5431: 5424: 5404: 5397: 5377: 5370: 5351:The Marathas 5350: 5343: 5323: 5316: 5296: 5289: 5269: 5262: 5242: 5235: 5215: 5208: 5188: 5181: 5169: 5149: 5142: 5130: 5110: 5103: 5091: 5079: 5067: 5037: 5028: 5016:. Retrieved 5003: 4996: 4984: 4972: 4952: 4945: 4925: 4918: 4906: 4886: 4879: 4869: 4863: 4851: 4839: 4819: 4812: 4800: 4780: 4758: 4746: 4726: 4719: 4707: 4695: 4668: 4649:The Marathas 4648: 4641: 4629: 4617: 4605: 4593: 4573: 4566: 4546: 4539: 4520: 4514: 4502: 4482: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4419: 4412: 4400: 4391: 4379: 4351: 4329: 4310: 4304: 4292: 4280: 4260: 4253: 4244: 4224: 4217: 4197: 4190: 4170: 4150: 4120: 4113: 4101: 4089:. Retrieved 4085: 4073: 4054: 4048: 4029: 4023: 4004: 3998: 3988: 3981: 3967: 3960: 3940: 3933: 3924: 3920: 3907: 3887: 3880: 3860: 3853: 3846:Wolpert 1962 3819: 3807: 3797: 3767: 3735: 3728: 3715: 3670: 3650: 3643: 3631: 3611: 3566: 3556: 3541: 3537: 3528: 3518: 3508: 3499: 3478: 3441: 3426: 3403: 3388: 3354: 3348: 3344:South Mumbai 3328: 3319: 3313: 3311: 3286: 3280: 3264: 3241: 3228: 3208: 3197: 3185: 3179: 3163: 3155: 3149: 3144: 3141:M. G. Ranade 3138: 3126: 3111: 3096: 3084: 3078: 3071: 3062: 3036: 3026: 3017: 3011: 2992: 2984: 2955:coastal navy 2948: 2944: 2929: 2915:Maratha Navy 2892:, Kondhana ( 2882: 2864:Suvela Machi 2844: 2832: 2823: 2812: 2803: 2785: 2778:. Historian 2773: 2760:Writings of 2734: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2713:Kavi Bhushan 2710: 2702: 2687:imposed the 2681: 2671: 2664: 2656: 2550: 2548: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2482: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2434: 2431: 2383: 2349: 2310: 2284: 2268: 2258: 2248: 2240:Panhala Fort 2237: 2215: 2192: 2167: 2136: 2111: 2109:, or clan'. 2090: 2086: 2080: 2066: 2062: 2028: 2024: 2014: 2008: 1988: 1954: 1948: 1933: 1899: 1888: 1883: 1877: 1858: 1838: 1834: 1810:to Shivaji. 1805: 1801:sardeshmukhi 1799: 1768: 1759: 1748: 1728: 1718: 1706: 1661: 1653: 1641:Shaista Khan 1638: 1600: 1581: 1564:Paavan Khind 1563: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1534: 1520: 1507:Rustam Zaman 1503:Panhala fort 1492: 1476: 1469: 1466: 1458: 1434: 1351: 1290: 1270: 1254: 1247: 1233: 1002: 771: 745: 731: 673: 661:Shivai Devi. 636: 604: 587: 583:Maratha navy 564: 553: 521: 520: 470:Vani-Dindori 402: 204:Sai Bhonsale 173:(1680-04-03) 171:3 April 1680 119: 69: 1680s 47: 36: 10662:1680 deaths 10657:1630 births 10507:Adversaries 10442:Farrukhabad 10392:Gajendragad 10342:3rd Panipat 10307:Katwa (2nd) 10297:Katwa (1st) 10187:Pavan Khind 9980:Bhat family 9965:Baji Rao II 9950:Narayan Rao 9678:Pavan Khind 9457:Chhatrapati 9380:‹ The 8615:Yahoo! News 7237:Pagadi 1983 7057:. OUP USA. 6904:Gordon 2007 6599:Gordon 1993 6194:: 221–226. 5732:Gordon 1993 5693:Gordon 1993 5651:Gordon 1993 5480:Gordon 1993 5213:Mehta, Jl. 5174:Gordon 2007 5135:Gordon 1993 5096:Gordon 1993 5060:Gordon 1993 4911:Gordon 2007 4622:Gordon 2007 4468:Gordon 1993 4456:Gordon 1993 4444:Gordon 2007 4384:Gordon 1993 4334:Gordon 2007 4297:Gordon 2007 3454:. Only the 3444:Shiv Smarak 3429:INS Shivaji 3422:Indian Navy 3398:Raigad Fort 3371:Maharashtra 3287:Shiv-Shahir 3224:Raigad Fort 2979:Baji Prabhu 2824:Ganimi Kawa 2762:Modi Script 2728:Ambrose, a 2705:Raj Singh I 2693:non-Muslims 2606:Summant or 2485:Maharashtra 2445:Bundelkhand 2435:Soon after 2291:Raigad Fort 2255:bloody flux 2068:Chhatrapati 1980:Vedic rites 1904:Raigad Fort 1830: 1680 1713:Jai Singh I 1347: 1605 758:, and the 741: 1590 560:Raigad Fort 555:Chhatrapati 435:Pavan Khind 178:Raigad Fort 161:Maharashtra 116:Predecessor 82:Chhatrapati 10646:Categories 10605:Sindhudurg 10519:Qutb Shahi 10514:Adil Shahi 10227:Bhupalgarh 10192:Umberkhind 10177:Pratapgarh 10083:Parvatibai 10073:Lakshmibai 10016:hereditary 9994:Pratinidhi 9975:Nana Sahib 9935:Baji Rao I 9882:Rajaram II 9766:Sindhudurg 9668:Pratapgarh 9596:Early life 9465:1674–1680 9272:. Bombay: 8912:SUNY Press 8910:, Albany: 8639:6 December 8609:31 October 8449:11 January 8397:14 January 7959:Laine 2011 7913:1245346175 6451:Mehta 2005 6310:Mehta 2005 6085:coronation 5746:, p. 4989:Mehta 2005 4977:Mehta 2009 3578:References 3456:bathymetry 3168:Afzal Khan 2951:Sindhudurg 2868:Ballekilla 2855:Hill forts 2534:Governance 2333:Qutb Shahi 2329:Adil Shahi 2321:Qutb Shahi 2313:Adil Shahi 2305:See also: 2100:kulavantas 2063:Shakakarta 2025:trayodashi 1992:twice-born 1968:Gaga Bhatt 1914:Coronation 1814:Reconquest 1672:Portuguese 1668:naval raid 1608:Shah Jahan 1593:Ahmednagar 1556:Ghod Khind 1539:of Bandal 1501:, seizing 1497:coast and 1454:Pandharpur 1442:Afzal Khan 1406:See also: 1375:Sawantwadi 1293:Torna Fort 1094:13.Thakrai 1039:12.Vithoji 764:Nizamshahi 752:Ahmednagar 631:See also: 621:Early life 510:Bhupalgarh 440:Umberkhind 420:Pratapgarh 146:1630-02-19 98:Coronation 48:Shakakarta 10575:Pratapgad 10447:Bharatpur 10427:3rd Delhi 10327:2nd Delhi 10108:Soyarabai 10103:Sakvarbai 10088:Putalabai 10053:Gopikabai 10048:Anandibai 9970:Amrut Rao 9867:Rajaram I 9781:Vishalgad 9756:Sajjangad 9736:Pratapgad 9631:Rajaram I 9495:Biography 9447:New title 9353:162482005 9261:152003918 9111:(1957) , 9083:(1920) , 8477:0971-751X 8469:The Hindu 8359:The Hindu 8277:DNA India 8147:162555504 8139:0257-6430 7876:12 August 7850:12 August 7845:0971-751X 7837:The Hindu 7817:12 August 7811:Frontline 7791:12 August 7786:0971-751X 7778:The Hindu 6695:(1990) . 6426:956763986 6386:801376912 5018:30 August 4371:956763986 3718:. India: 3699:Robb 2011 3357:to, what 3324:Shiv Sena 3244:Shiv Sena 3180:In 1937, 3150:In 1919, 2996:Alexander 2959:high seas 2835:Aurangzeb 2697:Aurangzeb 2685:Aurangzeb 2565:Minister 2449:Rajputana 2437:Aurangzeb 2414:Bhonsales 2375:Bajirao I 2359:Aurangzeb 2295:Janki Bai 2276:Soyarabai 2265:Putalabai 2213:'s tomb ( 2203:Thanjavur 2188:Rajaram I 2175:Qutubshah 2171:Hyderabad 2091:Kshatriya 1956:kshatriya 1900:sarnaubat 1884:sarnaubat 1878:In 1674, 1850:Daud Khan 1788:Aurangzeb 1730:mansabdar 1698:Jai Singh 1649:Lal Mahal 1584:Aurangzeb 1545:Vishalgad 1471:bagh nakh 1461:Pratapgad 1429:Pratapgad 1395:Deshmukhi 1383:Nimbalkar 1277:Bangalore 1003:Shivaji I 950:5.Uma Bai 733:deshmukhi 704:Sindhkhed 522:Shivaji I 490:Karnataka 465:2nd Surat 450:1st Surat 357:Signature 273:Sakvarbai 251:Putalabai 229:Soyarabai 126:Successor 42:Shivaji I 10600:Shivneri 10580:Purandar 10462:Mahidpur 10457:Koregaon 10407:Chaksana 10362:Pachgaon 10337:Peshawar 10277:Mandsaur 10212:Sinhagad 10207:Purandar 10182:Kolhapur 10118:Baka Bai 10068:Kashibai 10058:Jankibai 9887:Shahu II 9862:Sambhaji 9771:Sinhagad 9761:Shivneri 9741:Purandar 9698:Sinhagad 9693:Purandar 9673:Kolhapur 9626:Sambhaji 9507:Hinduism 9471:Sambhaji 9410:Shivaji 9382:template 9292:(2003). 9253:45293740 9210:(2002), 9193:(1962), 9166:(2017), 9125:(1987), 9097:(1920), 8800:(1993), 8730:(2000), 8482:9 August 8423:9 August 8090:BBC News 7929:(2011). 6540:(2010). 6200:42930290 5013:42929309 3927:(1): 21. 3269:and the 3204:Congress 3162:'s 1826 3143:, whose 3020:Capuchin 3000:Hannibal 2936:galivats 2898:Purandar 2894:Sinhagad 2841:Military 2730:Capuchin 2715:stated: 2646:Senapati 2453:the Doab 2406:Scindias 2386:Gaekwads 2355:Sambhaji 2325:Golconda 2287:Sambhaji 2232:Sambhaji 2151:Kolhapur 2139:Khandesh 2095:Hinduism 2077:Umbrella 2047:Godavari 2030:Jyeshtha 1976:Sisodias 1951:Brahmins 1940:jagirdar 1936:zamindar 1807:chauthai 1755:Kandahar 1711:general 1541:Deshmukh 1499:Kolhapur 1317:Baramati 1305:Kondhana 1301:Purandar 1267:. (left) 815:8.Babaji 784:Ancestry 768:Adilshah 756:Golkonda 716:Devagiri 686:, was a 639:Shivneri 595:Sanskrit 505:Tiruvadi 480:Shivneri 460:Kondhana 455:Purandar 425:Kolhapur 351:Hinduism 347:Religion 305:Sambhaji 163:, India) 130:Sambhaji 10652:Shivaji 10631:Shivrai 10570:Panhala 10437:Laswari 10387:Savanur 10372:Wadgaon 10367:Saunshi 10347:Alegaon 10317:Burdwan 10267:Palkhed 10257:Raigarh 10232:Bijapur 10169:Battles 10093:Ramabai 10078:Mastani 10063:Jijabai 9902:Peshwas 9877:Shahu I 9872:Tarabai 9857:Shivaji 9731:Panhala 9660:Battles 9641:Shahu I 9636:Tarabai 9621:Jijabai 9616:Shahaji 9580:Shivaji 9543:History 9519:Royalty 9481:Portals 9459:of the 9397:Shivaji 9384:below ( 9374:Shivaji 9345:2053980 9282:3032928 9072:Shivaji 6725:at the 5607:4407933 3466:Sources 3294: 3251: 3134:dacoits 3118:shudras 3074:bakhars 3048: 2940:Bassein 2896:), and 2826:in the 2787:career. 2691:tax on 2499:of the 2465:Chambal 2461:Narmada 2410:Gwalior 2394:Holkars 2371:Peshwas 2363:Tarabai 2317:Bijapur 2280:Rajaram 2244:Mughals 2216:samadhi 2195:Venkoji 2180:Vellore 2159:Janjira 2075:of the 2055:Krishna 2051:Narmada 1892:Rajaram 1719:In the 1588:viceroy 1516:Rajapur 1512:Panhala 1387:Phaltan 1321:Indapur 1265:Shahaji 1119:Jijabai 894:Shahaji 748:Bijapur 696:Jijabai 688:Maratha 680:Bhonsle 676:Maratha 659:Goddess 641:, near 599:Persian 591:Marathi 538: 500:Vellore 430:Janjira 403:Shivaji 341:Jijabai 331:Shahaji 321:Bhonsle 286: 278: 264: 256: 242: 234: 220: 212: 208: 10610:Rajgad 10590:Rajgad 10585:Raigad 10565:Mangad 10549:Mysore 10452:Khadki 10432:Assaye 10417:Kharda 10402:Lalsot 10382:Badami 10322:Narela 10282:Bhopal 10252:Khelna 10247:Satara 10222:Kalyan 10217:Salher 10197:Chakan 10098:Saibai 9992:& 9990:Amatya 9751:Rajgad 9746:Raigad 9703:Kalyan 9683:Chakan 9590:Origin 9431: 9401:Curlie 9387:Curlie 9351: 9343: 9304: 9280: 9259: 9251: 9220: 9180: 9153: 9133: 9059: 9039: 9019: 8999: 8978: 8958: 8938: 8918: 8891: 8871: 8834: 8814: 8787: 8767: 8747: 8717: 8693: 8669: 8579: 8475: 8145: 8137: 8065: 8038: 7939: 7911: 7901: 7843: 7784: 7756: 7729: 7702: 7658: 7627: 7600: 7545: 7518: 7369: 7310: 7259: 7208: 7181: 7148: 7115: 7088: 7061: 7034: 7007: 6980: 6953: 6926: 6817: 6778: 6751: 6703: 6675: 6648: 6621: 6550: 6520: 6493: 6424: 6414: 6384: 6374: 6286: 6235: 6198: 6169: 6021: 5977: 5902: 5875: 5809: 5782: 5715: 5673: 5605: 5439: 5412: 5385: 5358: 5331: 5304: 5277: 5250: 5223: 5196: 5157: 5118: 5011: 4960: 4933: 4894: 4827: 4788: 4734: 4656: 4581: 4554: 4527: 4490: 4427: 4369: 4359: 4317: 4268: 4232: 4205: 4178: 4128: 4091:19 May 4061: 4036: 4011: 3948: 3895: 3868: 3775: 3743: 3678:, see 3658: 3619: 3437:Diwali 3320:per se 3152:Sarkar 3136:...?" 3122:dalits 3028:Mughal 3023:alive. 3002:, and 2932:Konkan 2886:Rajgad 2872:Rajgad 2770:Ramdas 2668:Arabic 2619:Sachiv 2596:Mantri 2585:Amatya 2574:Peshwa 2554:Mandal 2524:Second 2489:Orissa 2428:Legacy 2418:Nagpur 2412:, and 2404:, the 2398:Indore 2392:, the 2390:Baroda 2345:famine 2343:, and 2341:plague 2319:, and 2211:Shahji 2199:Mohite 2184:Gingee 2163:Athani 2155:Siddis 2147:Karwar 2059:Kaveri 2057:, and 2043:Ganges 2035:Yamuna 2004:rupees 1984:Rajput 1972:pandit 1882:, the 1854:Nashik 1709:Rajput 1676:Basrur 1674:-held 1657:Bengal 1645:Chakan 1597:Junnar 1547:fort. 1495:Konkan 1391:Mohite 1379:Mudhol 1371:Sawant 1363:Javali 1333:Kalyan 1329:Konkan 1325:Rajgad 1319:, and 1309:Chakan 1307:, and 840:Maloji 720:Maloji 708:sardar 643:Junnar 615:Hindus 569:, the 495:Gingee 485:Umrani 475:Salher 415:Javali 337:Mother 327:Father 193:Spouse 10624:Coins 10615:Torna 10558:Forts 10422:Poona 10412:Patan 10377:Adoni 10287:Vasai 10272:Malwa 10262:Torna 10242:Jinji 10202:Surat 10036:Women 9776:Torna 9718:Forts 9708:Jinji 9688:Surat 9531:India 9433:Died: 9421:Born: 9349:S2CID 9341:JSTOR 9257:S2CID 9249:JSTOR 8741:India 8198:3 May 8173:3 May 8143:S2CID 6196:JSTOR 5603:JSTOR 5009:JSTOR 4082:(PDF) 3917:(PDF) 3542:Varna 3471:Notes 3172:Hindu 3038:kafir 2890:Torna 2848:Maval 2815:Kunbi 2689:Jizya 2608:Dabir 2568:Duty 2441:Malwa 2402:Malwa 2351:Shahu 2143:Ponda 2039:Indus 1959:varna 1846:Mecca 1823:Dutch 1784:Berar 1696:Raja 1560:khind 1354:Jinji 1273:Poona 1256:fort. 1249:jagir 773:jagir 712:Yadav 316:House 299:Issue 280:( 276: 258:( 254: 236:( 232: 214:( 210: 182:Mahad 89:Reign 10471:Wars 9593:and 9302:ISBN 9278:OCLC 9218:ISBN 9178:ISBN 9151:ISBN 9131:ISBN 9057:ISBN 9037:ISBN 9017:ISBN 8997:ISBN 8976:ISBN 8956:ISBN 8936:ISBN 8916:ISBN 8889:ISBN 8869:ISBN 8832:ISBN 8812:ISBN 8785:ISBN 8765:ISBN 8745:ISBN 8715:ISBN 8691:ISBN 8667:ISBN 8641:2021 8611:2018 8577:ISBN 8532:2012 8510:2012 8484:2023 8473:ISSN 8451:2015 8425:2023 8399:2018 8372:2012 8340:2012 8314:2012 8284:2013 8258:2013 8232:2013 8200:2021 8175:2021 8135:ISSN 8098:2013 8063:ISBN 8036:ISBN 7937:ISBN 7909:OCLC 7899:ISBN 7878:2023 7852:2023 7841:ISSN 7819:2023 7793:2023 7782:ISSN 7754:ISBN 7727:ISBN 7700:ISBN 7656:ISBN 7625:ISBN 7598:ISBN 7543:ISBN 7516:ISBN 7367:ISBN 7308:ISBN 7257:ISBN 7206:ISBN 7179:ISBN 7146:ISBN 7113:ISBN 7086:ISBN 7059:ISBN 7032:ISBN 7005:ISBN 6978:ISBN 6951:ISBN 6924:ISBN 6858:2012 6815:ISBN 6776:ISBN 6749:ISBN 6701:ISBN 6673:ISBN 6646:ISBN 6619:ISBN 6548:ISBN 6518:ISBN 6491:ISBN 6422:OCLC 6412:ISBN 6382:OCLC 6372:ISBN 6284:ISBN 6233:ISBN 6167:ISBN 6019:ISBN 5975:ISBN 5900:ISBN 5873:ISBN 5807:ISBN 5780:ISBN 5713:ISBN 5671:ISBN 5626:help 5437:ISBN 5410:ISBN 5383:ISBN 5356:ISBN 5329:ISBN 5302:ISBN 5275:ISBN 5248:ISBN 5221:ISBN 5194:ISBN 5155:ISBN 5116:ISBN 5020:2022 4958:ISBN 4931:ISBN 4892:ISBN 4825:ISBN 4786:ISBN 4732:ISBN 4654:ISBN 4579:ISBN 4552:ISBN 4525:ISBN 4488:ISBN 4425:ISBN 4367:OCLC 4357:ISBN 4315:ISBN 4266:ISBN 4230:ISBN 4203:ISBN 4176:ISBN 4126:ISBN 4093:2018 4059:ISBN 4034:ISBN 4009:ISBN 3946:ISBN 3893:ISBN 3866:ISBN 3773:ISBN 3741:ISBN 3656:ISBN 3617:ISBN 3408:, a 3291:lit. 3248:lit. 3175:raja 3120:and 3083:and 3045:lit. 2909:Navy 2792:Seal 2526:and 2475:... 2463:and 2400:and 2331:and 2270:sati 2182:and 2106:kula 2097:and 2073:Lord 1996:lakh 1970:, a 1872:and 1804:and 1751:Agra 1622:and 1431:fort 1313:Supa 778:Pune 728:Raja 593:and 445:Pune 307:and 168:Died 140:Born 80:1st 9399:at 9333:doi 8127:doi 7870:BBC 3825:doi 3342:in 3032:-ji 2888:), 2495:to 2416:of 2408:of 2396:of 2388:of 2323:of 2315:of 2219:). 2157:of 1725:hun 1670:on 1602:hun 1452:at 1385:of 1373:of 1117:3. 1001:1. 838:4. 743:). 702:of 585:. 71:), 10648:: 9424:c. 9347:. 9339:. 9329:35 9327:. 9321:. 9276:. 9255:. 9245:31 9243:. 9199:, 9176:, 9172:, 8853:, 8810:, 8806:, 8743:, 8736:, 8713:, 8709:, 8689:, 8685:, 8631:. 8600:. 8548:. 8467:. 8441:. 8416:. 8389:. 8356:. 8300:. 8275:. 8216:. 8163:. 8141:. 8133:. 8123:20 8121:. 8117:. 8088:. 8077:^ 8013:. 7951:^ 7907:. 7868:. 7835:. 7809:. 7776:. 7633:. 7322:^ 7177:. 7175:23 7144:. 7142:43 6896:^ 6715:^ 6591:^ 6420:. 6394:^ 6380:. 6356:^ 6302:^ 6292:. 6192:49 6190:. 5833:^ 5679:. 5599:34 5597:. 5046:^ 5036:. 4770:^ 4680:^ 4365:. 4341:^ 4160:^ 4140:^ 4084:. 3973:51 3925:84 3923:. 3919:. 3838:^ 3831:, 3787:^ 3755:^ 3706:^ 3687:^ 3601:^ 3586:^ 3273:. 3234:. 3014:: 2998:, 2961:. 2870:, 2511:. 2451:, 2447:, 2424:. 2381:. 2347:. 2190:. 2089:: 2071:(" 2053:, 2049:, 2045:, 2041:, 2037:, 2006:. 2000:Rs 1902:. 1856:. 1827:c. 1733:. 1659:. 1651:. 1610:. 1381:, 1344:c. 1315:, 1303:, 1062:6. 892:2. 754:, 750:, 738:c. 617:. 562:. 535:c. 533:; 282:m. 260:m. 238:m. 216:m. 184:, 180:, 155:, 66:c. 10018:) 10014:( 9828:e 9821:t 9814:v 9572:e 9565:t 9558:v 9483:: 9355:. 9335:: 9310:. 9284:. 9263:. 8984:. 8840:. 8643:. 8617:. 8585:. 8534:. 8512:. 8486:. 8453:. 8427:. 8401:. 8374:. 8342:. 8316:. 8286:. 8260:. 8234:. 8202:. 8177:. 8149:. 8129:: 8100:. 8071:. 8044:. 8017:. 7945:. 7915:. 7880:. 7854:. 7821:. 7795:. 7762:. 7735:. 7708:. 7681:. 7664:. 7606:. 7551:. 7524:. 7497:. 7375:. 7316:. 7265:. 7214:. 7187:. 7154:. 7121:. 7094:. 7067:. 7040:. 7013:. 6986:. 6959:. 6932:. 6860:. 6823:. 6784:. 6757:. 6731:. 6709:. 6681:. 6654:. 6627:. 6556:. 6526:. 6499:. 6428:. 6388:. 6241:. 6202:. 6175:. 6027:. 5983:. 5938:. 5908:. 5881:. 5815:. 5788:. 5750:. 5748:7 5721:. 5628:) 5609:. 5445:. 5418:. 5391:. 5364:. 5337:. 5310:. 5283:. 5256:. 5229:. 5202:. 5163:. 5124:. 5022:. 4966:. 4939:. 4900:. 4833:. 4794:. 4765:. 4740:. 4675:. 4662:. 4587:. 4560:. 4533:. 4496:. 4433:. 4373:. 4323:. 4274:. 4238:. 4211:. 4184:. 4134:. 4095:. 4067:. 4042:. 4017:. 3975:. 3954:. 3901:. 3874:. 3827:: 3814:. 3781:. 3749:. 3722:. 3682:. 3664:. 3625:. 3303:' 3297:' 3289:( 3260:' 3254:' 3246:( 3057:' 3051:' 3043:( 2884:( 2013:( 1558:( 393:e 386:t 379:v 148:) 144:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index