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referred to as B-1 and B-2, run in an east-west direction and support the roof beams and panels. A third, more massive member, the "Mammoth Beam", spans the largest distance across the roof from east to west and assists in supporting the roof beams and panels. The roof of the shelter consists of 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) diameter steel pipes laid horizontally north to south, and steel panels that rest at an angle, also in the north-south direction.
726:
270 metres (885.83 ft). The dimensions of the arch were determined based on the need to operate equipment inside the new shelter and decommission the existing shelter. The overall length of the structure is 150 metres (492.1 ft), consisting of 13 arches assembled 12.5 metres (41 ft) apart to form 12 bays. Vertical walls assembled around, but not supported by the existing structures of the reactor building seal the ends of the structure.
66:
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high pile cap that reaches to a height of 118 metres (387 ft) of elevation. This option was selected to minimize the cost of the foundation, the number of cuts into radioactive soil layers, dose uptake of workers, and risk to the environment from further contamination. The foundation has a slight elevation difference between the area in which the New Safe
Confinement was constructed and the final resting area around reactor 4.
25:
262:
595:(EBRD) stated that the international community was aiming to close a €100 million funding gap, with administration by the EBRD in its role as manager of the Chernobyl decommissioning funds. The total cost of the Shelter Implementation Plan, of which the New Safe Confinement is the most prominent element, is estimated to be around €2.15 billion (US$ 2.3 billion). The New Safe Confinement accounts for €1.5 billion.
239:
1541:(consisting of Vinci Construction Grands Projets and Bouygues Construction as 50/50 partners) constructing the 190 by 200 metres (620 by 660 feet) arch structure. Construction costs are estimated at $ 1.4bn with a project time of five years. The estimated time for completion is given as 53 months, including 18 months of planning and design studies, with a projected completion in mid-2012.
953:
second option was initially chosen because it would expose workers to a lower radiation dose, and would have moved the structure into its final position in less than 24 hours. However, the structure was moved using hydraulic jacks, beginning the 327-metre (1,073 ft) move on
November 14, 2016, and finishing on November 29.
1039:. The tools selected for the demolition process were selected based on a number of factors including minimization of individual and collective radiation exposure, the amount of secondary waste generated, the feasibility of remote operation, the cutting efficiency, fire safety, capital cost and operating costs.
549:(sarcophagus) that was built around the reactor immediately after the disaster. The New Safe Confinement is designed to prevent the release of radioactive contaminants, protect the reactor from external influence, facilitate the disassembly and decommissioning of the reactor, and prevent water intrusion.
961:
The operational phase of the New Safe
Confinement involves the demolition of the unstable structures associated with the original Shelter Structure. The goal of demolition has imposed significant requirements upon the load carrying capacity of the arches and foundation of the New Safe Confinement, as
952:
to push the structure forward, or pulling the structure with large, multi-stranded steel cables. The first option would require the relocation of the hydraulic jacks after each push. This process would necessitate more worker interaction with the system and a greater worker exposure to radiation. The
845:
Special consideration was necessary for the excavation required for foundation construction due to the high level of radioactivity found in the upper layers of soil. The conceptual designers of the New Safe
Confinement recommended the use of rope operated grabs for the first 0.3 metres (11.8 in)
725:
The New Safe
Confinement design is an arch-shaped steel structure with an internal height of 92.5 metres (303.5 ft) and a 12-metre (39.4 ft) distance between the centers of the upper and lower arch chords. The internal span of the arch is 245 metres (803.8 ft), and the external span is
651:
The
Shelter Structure was never intended to be a permanent containment structure. Its continued deterioration has increased the risk of its radioactive inventory leaking into the environment. Between 2004 and 2008, workers stabilized the roof and western wall of the shelter. However, construction of
1428:
Spot model has been implemented in areas of higher radiation to provide detailed radiation mapping without causing additional radiation spikes by minimizing contact points with radiated surfaces. Without posing risk to workers, the implemented systems were able to look inside reactor 4, deep within
880:
A stitched panorama view of the
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant site in Ukraine, pictures taken in June 2013. Descriptions of the buildings from left to right: First half of the New Safe Confinement (under construction) after second lifting operation (had not yet reached its final height), reactor 4
647:
The
Shelter Structure is primarily supported by the damaged remains of the reactor 4 building. These are largely considered to be structurally unsound as a result of explosive forces caused by the accident. Three major structural members support the roof of the Shelter Structure. Two beams, usually
1401:
Even with the distance given from the main reactor during construction of the New Safe
Confinement, construction workers were still subject to radiation. Before the slippage procedure began, construction workers may only have been able to stay on the site for 30 minutes at a time due to radiation.
1042:
The exact methods for disposing of wastes generated by the demolition process have not been determined, and may include on-site burial outside the New Safe
Confinement for low-level waste, and long-term storage inside the New Safe Confinement for medium and high-level wastes. As of 2018, no policy
841:
Several options were considered for the foundation design for the New Safe Confinement. Ultimately, the final design was specified as consisting of three lines of two 4.50-by-1.00-metre (14.76 by 3.28 ft) foundation panels, each 21 metres (68.9 ft) in length, and a 4-metre (13.1 ft)
826:
just below the surface that is approximately 2.5 to 3 metres (8 to 10 ft) in overall depth. Radioactive contamination from the accident created the technogenic layer. It consists of various materials including nuclear material, stone, sand, loamy sands, unreinforced concrete, and construction
693:
On 17 September 2007 Vinci Construction Grands Projets and Bouygues Travaux Publics announced that they won the contract to design and build the New Safe Confinement as 50/50 partners of the French consortium Novarka. The original 432 million euros contract comprises the design and construction of
1423:
To minimize radiation to workers when working inside of the New Safe Confinement, many robots and tools are used to interact with objects inside the shelter remotely. The two installed bridge cranes can be operated from within an isolated control room, which allows for demolition to occur without
1014:
After the members to be demolished are removed by crane, they must be fragmented into pieces small enough to decontaminate. It is expected that the primary contamination of most demolished elements will be loose surface dust and can easily be removed. Decontamination will take place using vacuum
689:
Subsequently, a pan-European study (the TACIS programme) re-examined the proposals of the competition's top three finalists. The study selected the sliding arch concept as the best solution for their further investigations and recommendations, primarily to reduce the chance of the construction
655:
Further upgrades to the area in preparation for New Safe Confinement construction were completed in 2010. These included road and rail connections, site services (power, water, drains, and communications), facilities for workers (including medical and radiation protection facilities), and the
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Proceedings of the ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. Volume 2: Facility Decontamination and Decommissioning; Environmental Remediation; Environmental Management/Public Involvement/Crosscutting Issues/Global
2416:
Proceedings of the ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. Volume 2: Facility Decontamination and Decommissioning; Environmental Remediation; Environmental Management/Public Involvement/Crosscutting Issues/Global
818:
The site of the New Safe Confinement is slightly sloped, ranging in elevation from 117.5 metres (385 ft) on the eastern side to 144 metres (472 ft) on the western side. The foundation was required to account for this difference without extensive site leveling.
1420:) may be reached by spending 12 minutes above the roof of the 1986 sarcophagus, or a few hours around its chimney. Workers are required to also check their radiation exposure before they leave the New Safe Confinement as an additional measurement for safety.
1713:
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posing risk to any operators. For the radiation mapping that occurs within the New Safe Confinement, robots have been deployed in both areas of high contamination where humans cannot enter and replacing routes that operators would normally take.
1386:(PLRWM) was constructed to remove, store, and process liquid nuclear waste from the Chernobyl site. Processed liquid is turned into solid waste in 200-L barrels where it can then be stored long-term, at a rate of 2,500 cubic meters a year.
1523:
An international tender for New Safe Confinement design and construction is announced. Two bid candidates are identified, but in September 2006 the plant's general director Ihor Hramotkyn announces his intent to annul all bids on the
925:
This process of assembly was deemed advantageous because it took advantage of the designed mobility of the structure to maximize the distance between workers and the reactor building, thereby minimizing their exposure to radiation.
1437:
There has been concern about Ukraine's ability to properly maintain the New Safe Confinement, with Deputy project manager Victor Zalizetskyi stating that "It looks like Ukraine will be left alone to deal with this structure"
667:
In the autumn of 1992, Design Group Partnership (DGP) of Manchester was invited to assist the Atomic Energy Authority (AEA) for the UK's submission for the international competition organized by the Ukrainian government.
1379:. This storage is reported to be able to contain 75,000 cubic metres (98,000 cubic yards) of material. The storage is for both temporary high level waste as well as low and intermediate level long-term waste storage.
1364:
685:
Of the 394 entries, only the British submission proposed a sliding arch approach. There was no top design choice, but the French submission came as second best with the UK and German proposals coming joint third.
1643:
Construction completion is delayed until late 2018 due to a contractor being unable to finish its work in time. The reason is the extremely high level of radiation, forcing workers to limit their presence at the
781:
Mitigate the potential consequences of a collapse of either the existing shelter or the reactor 4 building, particularly in terms of confining the radioactive dust that would be produced by such a collapse.
2259:
868:. The original design for the structure required it to withstand an F1 tornado until an independent beyond-design-basis analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of an F3 tornado on the structure.
1360:
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of pile excavation for the Chernobyl site. This reduced the direct exposure of workers to the most contaminated sections of the soil. Deeper excavation for the foundation piles were accomplished using
775:
Convert the destroyed Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant reactor 4 into an environmentally safe system (i.e., confine the radioactive materials at the site to prevent further environmental contamination).
941:
The New Safe Confinement was constructed 180 metres (590 ft) west of reactor 4, and slid into place. Sliding of the structure along foundation rails was a difficult process. It was pushed on
729:
The arches are constructed of tubular steel members and are externally clad with three-layer sandwich panels. These external panels are also used on the end walls of the structure. Internally,
736:
Large parts of the arches were shop-fabricated and transported to the assembly site 180 metres (590 ft) west of reactor 4. The steel used in the construction of the tubular members has a
2001:
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was chosen as the material for the inner and outer walls. An air conditioning system also circulates warm, dry air at 50 Pa between the layers of the panels to further prevent corrosion.
2597:
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The cranes' carriage interchangeability allows the rotation of the largest members to be demolished, reducing the overall size of the New Safe Confinement by approximately one arch bay.
1650:
Various subsystems are in operation, including the radiation monitoring system, the back-up power supply system, the fire protection system, as well as lighting, communication, and
671:
DGP's senior management was assembled to generate a solution. David Haslewood suggested an arch, built off-site, and then slid over the existing Soviet-built sarcophagus because:
831:
characteristics of this soil layer. As a result of this, no assumptions about the load-bearing properties of the technogenic layer were made during the design of the foundation.
1666:
Construction on the €1.5 billion structure is completed and the sarcophagus is opened to media visits on July 3. On July 10, government officials, including Ukrainian President
2947:
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They must minimize the amount of digging and cutting into the upper layers of the ground, as the upper soil is heavily contaminated with nuclear material from the disaster.
1749:
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The fully lifted eastern arch is moved 112 metres (367 feet) eastward on its rails to a parking position to clear the construction area for building the western arch.
3687:
1027:(for concrete elements). Once decontaminated to the maximum extent practical, pieces will be further fragmented for eventual disposal. Fragmentation tools include
2272:
3405:
3117:
Workers have raised the first section of a colossal arch-shaped structure that eventually will cover the exploded nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl power station.
1682:, Russian forces subsequently captured Chernobyl. While there is an increase in radiation in the area, this is due to Russian forces disturbing the soil in the
1531:
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They must support rail tracks across which the New Safe Confinement can roll 180 metres (590 ft) from the construction site into place over reactor 4.
1402:
The concrete foundation reduced radiation to workers when assembling the structure, and workers were provided decontaminated housing during construction.
4248:
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at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant fluctuates from 109.9 metres (360.6 ft) on average in December to 110.7 metres (363.2 ft) on average in May.
3089:
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with existing shelter building and the new and old ventilation shafts, reactor 3, cranes to dismantle the old ventilation shaft, reactor 2, reactor 1.
697:
The consortium collaborated with both foreign and domestic contractors. For example, the arch's structural components were created and constructed in
3240:
254:
3632:
showing of New Safe Confinement being slid into position, 14–29 November 2016, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development channel archived at
4263:
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workers receiving a harmful dose of radiation. The French consortium named Novarka eventually won the contract for the final sliding arch design.
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remains of reactor 4 for 100 years. It also aims to allow for a partial demolition of the original sarcophagus, which was hastily constructed by
119:
38:
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unit; it has been estimated that up to 95% of the original radioactive inventory of reactor 4 remains inside the ruins of the reactor building.
632:
materials within reactor 4 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The shelter was constructed under extreme conditions, with very high levels of
2209:
2008:
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within the New Safe Confinement area, the strategies for removing waste is split into three systems. Disposal of solid nuclear waste had the
166:
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pads by hydraulic pistons, and guided by lasers. As of 2018, the New Safe Confinement is the world's largest movable land-based structure.
138:
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1769:(EBRD) is responsible for managing the Shelter Implementation Plan, including overseeing the construction of the New Safe Confinement.
1651:
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Each crane can carry a variety of interchangeable carriages. Three types of carriages have been designed for the New Safe Confinement:
962:
these structures must carry the weight of not only the disassembled structure, but also the suspended cranes to be used in demolition.
3380:
145:
4162:
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to be developed within the Chernobyl exclusion zone. 3,762 solar modules will be installed at the site with a generation capacity of
615:
546:
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3516:
4243:
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1412:, one showing real-time exposure and the second recording information for the worker's dose log. Workers have a daily and annual
652:
the New Safe Confinement was necessary to continue confining the radioactive remains of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant reactor 4.
1003:
One carriage suspends a mobile tool platform, extending up to 75 metres (246 ft), that can be fitted with a variety of end
152:
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1559:
Some project milestones, including infrastructure and preparatory work such as the New Safe Confinement pilings, are completed.
2574:
1861:
1719:
A panorama view of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in June 2013. The NSC construction area is the arch on the left-hand side
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suspended from the arches. These cranes travel east to west on common runways and each has a span of 84 metres (276 ft).
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2432:
1933:
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Progress is made with stabilization of the existing sarcophagus, which is then considered stable enough for another 15 years.
3266:
1833:
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3708:
134:
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keep the air below 40% humidity, preventing both condensation and water from dripping into the interior of the structure.
4185:
3930:
3722:
44:
3618:
1670:, attended a ceremony where the transfer of ownership of the New Safe Confinement was given to the Ukrainian government.
4220:
4095:
4077:
2895:
2671:
Proceedings of the ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation
705:
business handled the lifting and sliding operations, whereas the contractor responsible for the arch cladding was from
1416:
limit. Their dosimeter beeps if the limit is reached, and the worker's site access is cancelled. The annual limit (20
4258:
3678:
2729:
2065:
1737:
203:
185:
52:
4040:
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1513:
The New Safe Confinement was originally intended to be completed in 2005, but the project suffered lengthy delays.
1686:
and releasing radioactive dust and not from the reactor 4 itself. The New Safe Confinement is reportedly unharmed.
3003:
2638:
Radioactive Waste Management and Contaminated Site Clean-Up: Processes, Technologies and International Experience
1965:"NOVARKA and Chernobyl Project Management Unit confirm cost and time schedule for Chernobyl New Safe Confinement"
2530:
2380:
2146:
Smith, Stuart; Lacombe, Herve (February 1997). "A second shelter for Chernobyl: Its necessity and feasibility".
876:
3715:
3585:
3355:
123:
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534:
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Chernobyl – What Have We Learned?: The Successes and Failures to Mitigate Water Contamination Over 20 Years
3112:
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to emphasize the difference between the containment of radioactive gases—the primary focus of most reactor
343:
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2095:
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In 1994, Ukraine's government held an international competition for proposals to replace the sarcophagus.
4206:
3999:
3647:
1679:
1909:"Contract for early Chernobyl dismantling work signed : Waste & Recycling – World Nuclear News"
3983:
3629:
3600:
2204:
2841:
2667:"Chernobyl NPP Decommissioning and "Shelter" Object Transformation: Problems of Activity Coordination"
2410:
Parameswaran, N. A. (Vijay); Chornyy, Igor; Owen, Rob; de Saint Victor, François (September 8, 2013).
1589:
The western arch completes the second of three lifting operations which raises the height of the arch.
784:
Enable safe demolition of unstable structures (such as the roof of the existing shelter) by providing
709:. The project has involved workers and specialists from at least 24 countries in addition to Ukraine.
4132:
3459:"A nuclear risk 'nightmare'? After seizing Chernobyl, Russian troops exposed themselves to radiation"
2599:
Safety issues in construction of facilities for long-term storage of radioactive waste at Vector site
1024:
909:
Subsequent sliding of the complete structure and adding of arches and bays to complete the structure.
637:
2108:
3851:
1393:. 232 storage containers of nuclear waste can be stored in the facility for an expected 100 years.
1044:
828:
636:, and under extreme time constraints. The Shelter Structure was moderately successful in confining
3406:"Unprotected Russian soldiers disturbed radioactive dust in Chernobyl's 'Red Forest', workers say"
733:
panels cover each arch to prevent the accumulation of radioactive particles on the frame members.
1620:
1372:
942:
533:) is a structure put in place in 2016 to confine the remains of the number 4 reactor unit at the
112:
1619:
The New Safe Confinement slipping is completed, taking a total of fifteen days. It is pushed on
1036:
4121:
4070:
3969:
3583:
Description of the New Safe Confinement. Design of the new protective shield under Sarcophagus.
3217:
2453:"Waste Management Strategy for Cost Effective and Environmentally Friendly NPP Decommissioning"
2412:"Unique and Massive Chernobyl Cranes for Deconstruction Activities in the New Safe Confinement"
557:
3484:
2614:
2497:
1032:
4141:
2790:
2002:"Vinci and Bouygues sign contract to build Containment Shelter for the Chernobyl Sarcophagus"
749:
565:
409:
306:
929:
As each bay was completed, infrastructure equipment—including that for ventilation systems,
804:
The foundations of the New Safe Confinement were designed to meet the primary requirements:
628:, was constructed between May and November 1986. It was an emergency measure to confine the
606:
designed and built the New Safe Confinement. Construction was completed at the end of 2018.
4104:
2870:
930:
581:
243:
The New Safe Confinement in its final position over the destroyed reactor 4 in October 2017
3356:"Chernobyl's $ 1.7B nuclear confinement shelter revealed after taking 9 years to complete"
2520:"Industrial Complex For Solid Radwaste Management (ICSRM) at Chernobyl Nuclear Powerplant"
1972:
1408:
in the shelter is monitored by hundreds of sensors. Workers in the 'local zone' carry two
857:
The foundation is designed to withstand horizontal acceleration structural loads of up to
8:
3990:
3976:
3923:
3606:, Computer rendered video of the construction process, Novarka, October 2009 archived at
1667:
1630:
737:
3525:
2606:
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Deconstruction of the fragmentation, decontamination, and auxiliary buildings. (planned)
823:
79:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
4148:
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3212:
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Assembly of first and second arches to form Bay 1, installation of east wall on arch 1.
792:
542:
526:
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4006:
3819:
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3432:"Explained: Why did Russian troops seize control of Chernobyl nuclear disaster site?"
3329:
2822:"Containing Chernobyl: the mission to defuse the world's worst nuclear disaster site"
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Reduce corrosion and weathering of the existing shelter and the reactor 4 building.
73:
Parts of this article (those related to the specification description ) need to be
885:
The system used in the assembly of the New Safe Confinement derived from civilian
4056:
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3833:
3756:
3589:
2794:
1425:
1405:
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756:
641:
460:
3182:"Rodina begins construction on first PV project inside Chernobyl exclusion zone"
992:
One secure lifting carriage for shielded transportation of personnel, with a 50-
4013:
3784:
3633:
3607:
3156:"Unique engineering feat concluded as Chernobyl arch has reached resting place"
2298:"Chernobyl Shelter To Begin Full Operation In December, Says Ukraine President"
2177:
2039:"Unique engineering feat concluded as Chernobyl arch has reached resting place"
1309:
The elements that are to be demolished fall into several broad material types:
1028:
971:
897:
Stabilization of the Shelter Structure to prevent collapse during construction.
822:
The ground upon which the foundation was built is unique in that it contains a
741:
3623:
3594:
3537:"Chornobyl: Five-Year Schedule set for New Safe Confinement Over Wrecked Unit"
3267:"Chernobyl confinement structure systems begin operation – World Nuclear News"
2871:"Boston Dynamics' Spot Is Helping Chernobyl Move Towards Safe Decommissioning"
2782:
4237:
3791:
3625:
Unique engineering feat concluded as Chernobyl arch has reached resting place
3333:
3241:"Strahlung zu hoch: Fertigstellung des Tschernobyl-Sarkophags verzögert sich"
2596:
Tokarevskyi, O.; Alekseeva, Z.; Kondratiev, S.; Rybalka, N. (November 2013).
2451:
Lidar, Per; Bergh, Niklas; Larsson, Arne; Hedin, Gunnar (September 8, 2013).
2159:
2109:"Chernobyl 25 years on: New Safe Confinement and Spent Fuel Storage Facility"
949:
785:
745:
730:
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Off-site construction would minimize radiation doses of construction workers.
365:
352:
2452:
2411:
1055:
The following elements of the Shelter Structure are planned for demolition:
4155:
3729:
3483:
Onishi, Yasuo; Voitsekhovich, Oleg V.; Zheleznyak, Mark J. (June 3, 2007).
2666:
2635:
Lee, William E.; Ojovan, Michael I.; Jantzen, Carol M. (October 31, 2013).
2465:
2424:
2070:
1020:
865:
760:
446:
Span 260 metres (853.0 ft), external length 165 metres (541.3 ft)
2678:
1344:
Materials added after the Chernobyl accident to mitigate its consequences.
3953:
835:
702:
629:
553:
3582:
906:
Bay 1 was slid East to accommodate the construction of arch 3 and Bay 2.
893:
methods. The New Safe Confinement was assembled in the following steps:
678:
An arch would fit snugly over the damaged reactor excluding its chimney.
3902:
2096:
http://www.windfallfilms.com/show/6894/inside-chernobyls-mega-tomb.aspx
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They must support the weight of the arches of the New Safe Confinement.
694:
the New Safe Confinement and planned to employ 900 people at its peak.
2409:
4084:
4022:
3888:
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3639:
2595:
1595:
Successful completion of the third ascent of the western part arches.
1409:
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that is part of the Shelter Implementation Plan and supported by the
3518:
Conceptual Design of the Chornobyl New Safe Confinement— An Overview
101:
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3946:
3130:"$ 1.7B Giant Arch to Block Chernobyl Radiation For Next 100 Years"
2267:
1004:
771:
The New Safe Confinement was designed with the following criteria:
603:
599:
488:
484:
2923:"Bristol team gains unprecedented access to Chernobyl's Reactor 4"
1601:
The two arches are fused, and the west wall is under construction.
1367:(ICSRM), a nuclear waste storage site. It is being constructed by
3962:
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3881:
1417:
860:
538:
492:
336:
326:
270:
2966:"Chernobyl New Safe Confinement - New Completion Date Announced"
2665:
Semenova, Iryna Y.; Steinberg, Nikolay A. (September 30, 2001).
948:
Two options were initially considered for moving the structure:
4085:
State Institution for Radiation Monitoring and Radiation Safety
3909:
3577:
2673:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. pp. 997–1000.
2304:. The Independent Global Nuclear News Agency. November 29, 2017
2232:"New Safe Containment Project Cuts Corrosion Risk at Chernobyl"
706:
505:
238:
2329:"Chernobyl disaster: Giant shield begins move towards reactor"
1577:
The second lifting operation on the eastern arch is performed.
3482:
993:
982:
698:
3381:"Chernobyl nuclear plant targeted as Russia invades Ukraine"
1694:
Russian forces leave Chernobyl and the New Safe Confinement.
1629:
Development company Rodina begins construction on the first
640:
and providing for post-accident monitoring of the destroyed
588:, which is the primary purpose of the New Safe Confinement.
2996:"Ukraine may hold new tenders on Chernobyl safety facility"
2948:"Ukraine will 'struggle' to maintain new Chernobyl shelter"
2610:
2356:"A vast new tomb for the most dangerous waste in the world"
2066:"Ukraine raises $ 785m to seal Chernobyl under new 'shell'"
1016:
569:
1660:
Successful conclusion of the 72-hour trial operation test.
2260:"Chernobyl New Safe Confinement: a one-of-a-kind project"
2178:"Chernobyl's arch: Sealing off a radioactive sarcophagus"
1707:
The New Safe Confinement (NSC) under construction in 2013
1396:
997:
986:
560:. It was designed with the primary goal of confining the
2703:"Chernobyl starts tackling its liquid radioactive waste"
3476:
1530:
The project contract is signed, with French consortium
912:
Installation of cranes and large maintenance equipment.
3489:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 248.
3078:"Workers raise first section of new Chernobyl shelter"
3052:"Work begins on new sarcophagus for Chernobyl reactor"
2450:
1304:
261:
3515:
Schmieman, Eric; Wrona, Matthew; et al. (2004).
2920:
2557:"Chernobyl Receives Nuclear Waste Processing Complex"
827:
wastes. It is considered unfeasible to determine the
3565:
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
3105:"Workers raise 1st section of new Chernobyl shelter"
2136:
International Competition, 1994. Ukraine Government.
1363:
built near to the Chernobyl site, consisting of the
1043:
has been decided for the disposal and processing of
956:
3322:"What should we do with radioactive nuclear waste?"
681:
An arch would be easier to slide than a square box.
659:
545:in 1986. The structure also encloses the temporary
126:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3524:. Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference. Archived from
3208:"Ukraine postpones Chernobyl reactor safety cover"
2902:. American Nuclear Society (ANS). October 13, 2021
620:The original shelter, formally referred to as the
16:Protective building over Ukrainian nuclear reactor
2755:"Ukraine authorizes Chernobyl spent fuel storage"
2730:"Liquid Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant (LRTP)"
2664:
2148:Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers
4235:
3614:November 2014, Chernobyl Story on CBS 60 Minutes
3604:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
3296:"Delivery of the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement"
3160:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
2896:"Radiation-mapping robots deployed at Chernobyl"
2777:
2775:
2634:
2575:"Nuclear waste storage inaugurated in Chernobyl"
2116:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
2043:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1969:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1838:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1808:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1767:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1365:Industrial Complex for Solid Radwaste Management
593:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
269:Location of the NSC, near the abandoned city of
3578:Official website: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
2381:"Chernobyl New Safe Confinement (NSC), Ukraine"
2271:. November 29, 2016. p. 21. Archived from
1958:
1956:
1954:
656:installation of a long-term monitoring system.
227:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2193:
2191:
1432:
900:Excavation and construction of the foundation.
3655:
3273:. World Nuclear Association. February 8, 2019
2772:
1779:Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
970:The New Safe Confinement design includes two
4064:Chernobyl Recovery and Development Programme
3688:Comparison with other radioactivity releases
2988:
2783:"Progress at Chernobyl New Safe Confinement"
2460:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
2419:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
2171:
2169:
2145:
1951:
1760:
1623:pads by hydraulic pistons, guided by lasers.
1050:
598:The French consortium Novarka with partners
2958:
2808:
2494:Delegation of the European Union to Ukraine
2323:
2321:
2319:
2200:"Building Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement"
2188:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1341:Fragments of reinforced concrete structures
1338:Fragments of steel structures and equipment
721:Infographics about the New Safe Confinement
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4249:Buildings and structures completed in 2019
4216:
3662:
3648:
2842:"See Chernobyl's Safe Confinement Shelter"
2033:
2031:
2029:
1856:
1854:
1755:The NSC nearing completion in October 2016
933:, plumbing, and electrical was installed.
3096:
3044:
3018:
2921:University of Bristol (October 7, 2021).
2819:
2166:
1361:Vector Radioactive Waste Storage Facility
1319:Three-dimensional (pipes, trusses, beams)
616:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus
204:Learn how and when to remove this message
186:Learn how and when to remove this message
3239:Seidler, Christoph (December 20, 2017).
3070:
2868:
2316:
2254:
2252:
1962:
1821:
1731:The NSC under construction in April 2015
1607:Construction of the arches is completed.
875:
716:
4264:Energy infrastructure completed in 2019
3238:
2026:
1851:
981:One typical lifting carriage with a 50-
965:
755:To prevent corrosion of the structure,
4236:
3669:
3456:
3102:
2641:. Elsevier Science. pp. 404–406.
2446:
2444:
2290:
2197:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1397:Worker safety and radioactive exposure
1389:Spent fuel is stored long-term in the
918:Final slide into place over reactor 4.
470:Steel, with polycarbonate inner panels
4048:Children of Chernobyl Benefit Concert
3643:
3619:New Safe Confinement site live camera
3353:
3319:
3290:
3288:
2864:
2862:
2820:Hankinson, Andrew (January 3, 2013).
2660:
2658:
2554:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2353:
2249:
2063:
1375:company, a subsidiary of the Russian
3002:. September 27, 2006. Archived from
3000:BBC Monitoring International Reports
2869:Ackerman, Evan (November 23, 2020).
2354:Borys, Christian (January 3, 2017).
799:
712:
701:. The cranes were made in the US. A
576:is used rather than the traditional
124:adding citations to reliable sources
95:
59:
18:
4254:Buildings and structures in Pripyat
3259:
3088:. November 28, 2012. Archived from
2972:. February 15, 2010. Archived from
2727:
2441:
2175:
1987:
1613:The arch slipping procedure begins.
1384:Plant on Liquid Radwaste Management
1305:Types of materials to be demolished
871:
609:
13:
3507:
3285:
3026:"Chernobyl to be covered in steel"
2859:
2655:
2398:
2198:Excell, John (February 11, 2013).
1934:"Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement"
1884:"Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement"
1834:"Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement"
1804:"Chernobyl's New Safe Confinement"
1516:Major project milestones include:
14:
4280:
4105:2022 Russian capture of Chernobyl
3571:
3103:Heintz, Jim (November 17, 2012).
2555:Gache, Gabriel (April 25, 2008).
1862:"Transforming Chernobyl brochure"
957:Demolition of existing structures
541:, which was destroyed during the
34:This article has multiple issues.
4215:
4202:
4201:
4041:Chernobyl Children International
3457:Varenytsia, Cara Anna and Inna.
1963:Reiserer, Axel (April 8, 2011).
1748:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1350:
660:International design competition
572:destroyed the reactor. The word
260:
253:
237:
135:"Chernobyl New Safe Confinement"
100:
64:
23:
4078:Friends of Chernobyl's Children
3450:
3424:
3398:
3373:
3354:Dedaj, Paulina (July 3, 2019).
3347:
3313:
3232:
3200:
3174:
3148:
3122:
2940:
2914:
2888:
2834:
2747:
2721:
2695:
2628:
2589:
2567:
2548:
2512:
2482:
2373:
2347:
2224:
2176:Meo, Nick (November 26, 2013).
2139:
2130:
2101:
2085:
2057:
1355:For the removal and storage of
1033:diamond circular cutting wheels
788:equipment for their demolition.
766:
459:Arch-shaped lattice, clad with
111:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
4244:2019 establishments in Ukraine
3549:Project Implementation Phase 2
3539:. June 9, 2003. Archived from
3320:Vidal, John (August 1, 2019).
2064:Vidal, John (April 19, 2011).
1926:
1901:
1876:
1796:
1571:The first sections are raised.
936:
915:Installation of the west wall.
584:—and the confinement of solid
552:The New Safe Confinement is a
221:Chernobyl New Safe Confinement
1:
3554:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
1784:
1442:Then-planned completion date
864:, as well as to withstand an
535:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
317:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
229:Новий чорнобильський саркофаг
3560:SIP Project Summary Document
2970:Chernobyl and Eastern Europe
2236:www.materialsperformance.com
2092:Inside Chernobyl's Mega Tomb
1553:Novarka begins construction.
1186:Northern hockey stick panels
1118:Southern hockey stick panels
570:beyond design-basis accident
506:https://www.chnpp.gov.ua/en/
483:Novarka with 50/50 partners
7:
4269:Nuclear safety and security
1772:
1680:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1433:Project timeline and status
1391:Spent Fuel Storage Facility
1203:Eastern hockey stick panels
850:clam shells operated under
740:of no less than 2,500
531:Новий безпечний конфайнмент
491:Travaux Publics as well as
10:
4285:
2529:. May 2008. Archived from
1743:Construction in March 2016
1429:the New Safe Confinement.
1023:(for steel elements), and
613:
419:108 metres (354.3 ft)
4195:
4186:National Chernobyl Museum
4133:Chernobyl: The Lost Tapes
4094:
4032:
4000:Energetik cultural palace
3843:
3739:
3723:Groundwater contamination
3695:Comparison with Fukushima
3677:
3588:January 27, 2009, at the
3136:. Reuters. March 24, 2016
1761:Responsible organizations
1101:Southern roof flat panels
1084:Southern roof flat panels
1051:Elements to be demolished
1045:fuel containing materials
638:radioactive contamination
530:
504:
499:
479:
474:
466:
455:
450:
442:
428:
423:
415:
405:
397:
389:
381:
342:
332:
322:
312:
302:
294:
289:
281:
248:
236:
228:
225:
220:
4259:Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
3859:Chernihiv–Ovruch railway
2160:10.1680/icien.1997.29157
1789:
1446:
604:Bouygues Travaux Publics
226:
1621:polytetrafluoroethylene
1373:nuclear decommissioning
475:Design and construction
4071:Chernobyl Shelter Fund
3271:world-nuclear-news.org
2466:10.1115/icem2013-96006
2425:10.1115/icem2013-96346
1913:world-nuclear-news.org
1864:. EBRD. March 11, 2015
1565:Steel erection begins.
1007:useful for demolition.
882:
722:
558:Chernobyl Shelter Fund
4142:Chernobyl liquidators
3596:Chernobyl 25 years on
3543:on February 14, 2008.
3115:on January 20, 2013.
3092:on February 23, 2013.
2679:10.1115/icem2001-1177
2212:on September 27, 2015
1975:on September 18, 2011
879:
720:
582:containment buildings
566:Chernobyl liquidators
410:Government of Ukraine
307:Containment structure
4170:New Safe Confinement
3058:. September 24, 2010
3032:. September 18, 2007
2609:. Cologne, Germany.
1324:Reinforced concrete
1037:diamond wire cutting
1000:) carrying capacity.
989:) carrying capacity.
966:Demolition equipment
931:radiation monitoring
515:New Safe Confinement
382:Construction started
120:improve this article
3977:Azure swimming pool
3220:on December 6, 2017
3162:. November 29, 2016
3056:Nuclear Power Daily
2607:Eurosafe Forum 2013
2536:on December 3, 2008
2335:. November 14, 2016
2045:. November 29, 2016
1668:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
1443:
854:slurry protection.
602:Grands Projets and
487:Grands Projets and
366:51.3893°N 30.0932°E
362: /
290:General information
4149:Chernobyl necklace
3827:Leonid Telyatnikov
3799:Vassili Nesterenko
3671:Chernobyl disaster
3436:The Indian Express
3213:Xinhua News Agency
3188:. November 9, 2017
2709:. February 7, 2018
2527:Nukem Technologies
2014:on October 2, 2011
1527:September 17, 2007
1441:
1414:radiation exposure
1369:Nukem Technologies
1316:Flat (roof panels)
1029:plasma arc cutting
883:
793:nuclear entombment
723:
600:Vinci Construction
543:Chernobyl disaster
485:Vinci Construction
4231:
4230:
4125:(2019 miniseries)
3820:Nikolai Tarakanov
3771:Valery Khodemchuk
3496:978-1-4020-5349-8
3385:www.aljazeera.com
3158:(Press release).
2846:Bechtel Corporate
2688:978-0-7918-8017-3
2648:978-0-85709-744-6
2585:on July 24, 2008.
2475:978-0-7918-5602-4
2434:978-0-7918-5602-4
2278:on April 25, 2017
1675:February 24, 2022
1616:November 29, 2016
1610:November 14, 2016
1592:November 12, 2014
1568:November 26, 2012
1511:
1510:
1302:
1301:
891:bridge cantilever
824:technogenic layer
800:Foundation design
786:remotely operated
713:Structural design
624:and often called
622:Shelter Structure
586:radioactive waste
547:Shelter Structure
511:
510:
456:Structural system
451:Technical details
282:Alternative names
214:
213:
206:
196:
195:
188:
170:
94:
93:
57:
4276:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4188:
4181:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4127:
4117:
4113:Chernobyl: Abyss
4107:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4050:
4043:
4025:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3993:
3986:
3984:Avanhard stadium
3979:
3972:
3965:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3813:Volodymyr Pravyk
3808:
3806:Vladimir Pikalov
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3778:Boris Shcherbina
3773:
3766:
3764:Vasily Ignatenko
3759:
3752:
3750:Aleksandr Akimov
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3634:Ghostarchive.org
3626:
3608:Ghostarchive.org
3597:
3544:
3532:
3531:on June 4, 2011.
3530:
3523:
3501:
3500:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3412:. March 29, 2022
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3216:. Archived from
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3111:. Archived from
3109:Associated Press
3100:
3094:
3093:
3086:Associated Press
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2954:. July 11, 2019.
2952:www.9news.com.au
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2900:Nuclear Newswire
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2817:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2728:Татьяна, Грива.
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2604:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2581:. Archived from
2571:
2565:
2564:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2524:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2500:on July 20, 2011
2496:. Archived from
2486:
2480:
2479:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2407:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2385:Power Technology
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2277:
2264:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2208:. Archived from
2195:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2113:
2105:
2099:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2007:. Archived from
2006:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1971:. Archived from
1960:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1830:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1800:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1636:
1540:
1444:
1440:
1426:Boston Dynamics'
1406:Radioactive dust
1271:Southern beam B2
1254:Northern beam B2
1169:Southern beam B1
1152:Northern beam B1
1058:
1057:
887:bridge launching
872:Assembly process
863:
610:Legacy structure
532:
443:Other dimensions
438:
436:
377:
376:
374:
373:
372:
371:51.3893; 30.0932
367:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
264:
263:
257:
241:
231:
230:
218:
217:
209:
202:
191:
184:
180:
177:
171:
169:
128:
104:
96:
89:
86:
80:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4213:
4199:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4130:
4120:
4110:
4103:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4057:Chernobyl Forum
4055:
4046:
4039:
4028:
4021:
4012:
4007:Jupiter factory
4005:
3998:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3952:
3945:
3940:Polesie Reserve
3938:
3929:
3922:
3917:Velyki Klishchi
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3839:
3834:Leonid Toptunov
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3757:Anatoly Dyatlov
3755:
3748:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3716:Elephant's Foot
3714:
3707:
3702:Cultural impact
3700:
3693:
3686:
3673:
3668:
3624:
3595:
3590:Wayback Machine
3574:
3569:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3510:
3508:Further reading
3505:
3504:
3497:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3438:. March 3, 2022
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3101:
3097:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2976:on July 8, 2011
2964:
2963:
2959:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2867:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2818:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2726:
2722:
2712:
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2090:
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2037:
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2027:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2004:
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1988:
1978:
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1952:
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1932:
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1377:Atomstroyexport
1353:
1307:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1053:
968:
959:
950:hydraulic jacks
939:
874:
858:
802:
769:
757:stainless steel
715:
662:
642:nuclear reactor
626:the sarcophagus
618:
612:
480:Main contractor
461:sandwich panels
434:
432:
370:
368:
364:
361:
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28:
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5:
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4098:
4096:Related topics
4092:
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4052:
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4036:
4034:
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4019:
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4014:Polissya hotel
4010:
4003:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3980:
3973:
3970:amusement park
3959:
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3957:
3950:
3936:
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3927:
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3852:Exclusion zone
3847:
3845:
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3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
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3785:Valery Legasov
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3572:External links
3570:
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3017:
3006:on May 8, 2021
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2360:BBC Future Now
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2118:. January 2011
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1586:August 4, 2014
1584:
1581:
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1566:
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1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:September 2010
1548:
1545:
1542:
1528:
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1521:
1509:
1508:
1507:December 2018
1505:
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1500:
1499:November 2017
1497:
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1468:
1467:February 2008
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1105:
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1098:
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1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:Length of each
1075:
1072:Length of each
1070:
1065:
1062:
1052:
1049:
1015:cleaners with
1009:
1008:
1001:
990:
967:
964:
958:
955:
938:
935:
923:
922:
919:
916:
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907:
904:
901:
898:
873:
870:
816:
815:
812:
809:
801:
798:
797:
796:
789:
782:
779:
776:
768:
765:
748:; 36,000
738:yield strength
714:
711:
683:
682:
679:
676:
661:
658:
614:Main article:
611:
608:
579:
575:
509:
508:
502:
501:
497:
496:
495:for conveyance
481:
477:
476:
472:
471:
468:
464:
463:
457:
453:
452:
448:
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444:
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439:
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425:
421:
420:
417:
413:
412:
407:
403:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
387:
386:
385:September 2010
383:
379:
378:
346:
340:
339:
334:
330:
329:
324:
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319:
314:
310:
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304:
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259:
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194:
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108:
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92:
91:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4281:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
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4212:
4209:
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4187:
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4167:
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4049:
4045:
4044:
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4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:Organisations
4031:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
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3807:
3803:
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3796:
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3792:Mykola Melnyk
3789:
3786:
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3772:
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3696:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3636:on 6 May 2022
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:on 6 May 2022
3609:
3605:
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2875:IEEE Spectrum
2872:
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2837:
2829:
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2812:
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2561:Softpedia.com
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2308:September 12,
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2010:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1868:September 13,
1863:
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1829:
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1809:
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1649:
1646:
1642:
1640:December 2017
1639:
1632:
1628:
1626:November 2017
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
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1579:
1576:
1574:June 13, 2013
1573:
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1543:
1538:
1533:
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1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1506:
1504:December 2017
1503:
1502:
1498:
1496:November 2016
1495:
1494:
1491:Summer 2015.
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:February 2010
1479:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1418:millisieverts
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:nuclear waste
1351:Waste storage
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1330:Cast in place
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1296:
1293:
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1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
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1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1076:
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1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:grit blasting
1018:
1012:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:
980:
979:
978:
975:
973:
972:bridge cranes
963:
954:
951:
946:
944:
934:
932:
927:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
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899:
896:
895:
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892:
888:
878:
869:
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855:
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849:
843:
839:
837:
832:
830:
825:
820:
813:
810:
807:
806:
805:
794:
791:Qualify as a
790:
787:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
772:
764:
762:
761:Dehumidifiers
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
731:polycarbonate
727:
719:
710:
708:
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
680:
677:
674:
673:
672:
669:
665:
657:
653:
649:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
617:
607:
605:
601:
596:
594:
591:In 2015, the
589:
587:
583:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
528:
524:
520:
516:
507:
503:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
465:
462:
458:
454:
449:
445:
441:
431:
427:
422:
418:
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113:verification
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36:Please help
33:
4163:Sarcophagus
4115:(2021 film)
3991:FC Stroitel
3954:Dzernavichy
3873:power plant
3741:Individuals
3277:February 9,
3247:(in German)
2759:www.ans.org
2707:Bellona.org
2620:January 12,
2615:RN:45021661
2579:EU Business
2154:(1): 2–14.
2049:January 12,
1678:During the
1535: [
1452:completion
1371:, a German
1237:Piping roof
937:Positioning
836:water table
630:radioactive
578:containment
574:confinement
562:radioactive
554:megaproject
523:New Shelter
369: /
344:Coordinates
298:Operational
285:New Shelter
4238:Categories
3903:Red Forest
3010:January 3,
2795:1776617288
2458:Partnering
2417:Partnering
1979:August 16,
1785:References
1684:Red Forest
1631:PV project
1604:April 2016
1598:April 2015
1580:April 2014
1562:April 2012
1556:April 2011
1520:March 2004
1488:April 2011
1410:dosimeters
1220:Light roof
1025:scarifying
866:F3 tornado
859:0.08
744:(250
424:Dimensions
357:30°05′36″E
354:51°23′21″N
146:newspapers
39:improve it
4123:Chernobyl
4023:Slavutych
3889:Opachychi
3866:Chernobyl
3844:Locations
3463:USA TODAY
3365:August 2,
3339:August 2,
3334:0261-3077
3062:March 16,
2980:March 16,
2018:April 19,
1663:July 2019
1635:1 MW
1464:June 2003
1031:torches,
1019:filters,
1005:actuators
852:bentonite
848:hydraulic
634:radiation
527:Ukrainian
390:Completed
273:, Ukraine
85:June 2018
45:talk page
4207:Category
4179:Samosely
3947:Aravichy
3586:Archived
3360:Fox News
3134:NBC News
3030:BBC News
2927:Newswise
2791:ProQuest
2787:ProQuest
2540:July 31,
2504:July 31,
2365:March 2,
2333:BBC News
2282:March 2,
2268:Vinci SA
2182:BBC News
2122:March 2,
2077:March 2,
1773:See also
1524:project.
1327:Pre-cast
1074:(meters)
1069:(tonnes)
1064:Quantity
568:after a
489:Bouygues
467:Material
313:Location
3963:Pripyat
3896:Poliske
3882:Kopachi
3679:Effects
3630:YouTube
3601:YouTube
3410:Reuters
3186:PV Tech
3036:May 20,
1843:May 31,
1532:Novarka
1450:Planned
1335:Debris
1294:1944.25
1079:(feet)
1061:Element
795:device.
539:Ukraine
500:Website
493:Mammoet
437: t
337:Ukraine
333:Country
327:Pripyat
271:Pripyat
160:scholar
75:updated
4136:(2022)
3924:Vilcha
3910:Tarasy
3709:Deaths
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1313:Steel
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1232:118.1
1181:180.4
1164:180.4
1147:229.7
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429:Weight
416:Height
406:Client
295:Status
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3552:from
3529:(PDF)
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3300:VINCI
2827:Wired
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2012:(PDF)
2005:(PDF)
1790:Notes
1644:site.
1539:]
1483:2013
1475:2012
1459:2005
1288:Total
1215:23.0
1198:59.1
1130:83.7
1113:94.2
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994:tonne
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742:kg/cm
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699:Italy
537:, in
167:JSTOR
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1652:HVAC
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