Knowledge

Chattian

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2086: 2075: 1144:
Coccioni, Rodolfo; Montanari, Alessandro; Nice, David; Brinkhuis, Henk; Deino, Alain; Frontalini, Fabrizio; Liter, Fabrizio; Maiorano, Patricia; Monechi, Simonetta; Prods, Jörg; Rochette, Pierre; Sagnotti, Leonardo; Sideri, Marianna; Sprovieri, Mario; Tateo, Fabio; Touchard, Yannick; Can Simaeys,
1188:
Steininger, Fritz F.; M. P. Aubry; W. A. Berggren; M. Biolzi; A. M. Borsetti; Julie E. Cartlidge; F. Cati; R. Corfield; R. Gelati; S. Iaccarino; C. Napoleone; F. Ottner; F. Rögl; R. Roetzel; S. Spezzaferri; F. Tateo; G. Villa; D. Zevenboom (1997).
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stages of Central and eastern Europe; the upper Janjukian and lower Longfordian Australian regional stages; the Otaian, Waitakian, and Duntroonian stages of the
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Tertiaerfossilien aus den kohlenführenden Miocaenablagerungen der Umgebung von Krapina und Radaboj und über die Stellung der sogenannten "Aquitanischen Stufe"
1455: 784: 702: 713: 1147:"The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Chattian stage (Paleogene System, Oligocene Series) at Monte Cagnero, Italy" 1408: 1448: 1423: 558: 643: 576: 1092:
Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene".
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Purdue.edu: ICS subcommission for stratigraphic information − Neogene timescale (including the upper Paleogene)
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Precise K–Ar, Ar/Ar, Rb–Sr and U/Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff reference standard
2124: 1047:; and part of the Zemorrian Californian stage and Chickasawhayan regional stage of the eastern US. 1737: 1732: 926: 1127: 1264: 1011: 776: 1163: 1146: 1036: 972: 968:
The top of the Chattian Stage (which is the base of the Aquitanian Stage, Miocene Series and
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The Chattian is coeval with regionally used stages or zones such as the upper Avernian
894: 854: 479: 2109: 1866: 1830: 1243: 1064: 1056: 600: 1113: 1960: 1835: 1804: 1601: 1205: 1168: 1158: 1109: 1060: 922: 2060: 2056: 2052: 1929: 1825: 1763: 1658: 1627: 1596: 869: 295: 30: 2085: 2079: 1898: 1768: 1663: 1632: 988: 1433: 2103: 1799: 1789: 1758: 1721: 1653: 1622: 1190: 1033: 914: 858: 823: 810: 739: 726: 667: 388: 61: 1191:"The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Neogene" 1187: 2090: 2021: 1871: 1794: 780: 699: 2016: 1885: 1861: 1706: 1501: 1173: 36: 1337:, Königlich- Ungarische Geologische Anstalt, Mittheilungen und Jahrbuch 2011: 1971: 1914: 1814: 1711: 1585: 1485: 1040: 1019: 984: 941: 884: 878: 770: 453: 251: 81: 46: 2074: 2026: 1976: 1950: 1909: 1856: 1701: 1677: 1558: 1548: 1537: 1015: 866: 717: 538: 444: 417: 407: 353: 307: 261: 86: 1259: 1986: 1981: 1945: 1845: 1778: 1747: 1642: 1611: 1572: 1522: 1496: 1472: 1268:, Vol. 16, No. 2, February 1923. pp. 114. Retrieved March 18, 2020. 1026: 1000: 890: 798: 597: 462: 435: 426: 227: 214: 76: 71: 56: 51: 41: 1392:
The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth
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by subcommission of International Commission on Stratigraphy− ICS
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NorgesNetwork.no: Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene Period
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for the Chattian Stage was ratified in October of 2016.
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Norwegian records of offshore geology and stratigraphy
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Stratigraphy.org: GeoWhen Database for Chattian Age
1055:During the Chattian the largest known single-event 114: 1260:"The Mayence Basin, a Chapter of Geologic History" 1032:of South America; the upper Hsandgolian and whole 2101: 1039:of Asia; the upper Kiscellian and lower Egerian 1463: 1226:"International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017" 1181: 575:Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the 1449: 1384:Mason, B.G.; Pyle, D.M. & Oppenheimer, C. 1145:Stefaan; Williams, Graham L. (1 March 2018). 1348:Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G. 1242:, Cambridge University Press, 1982. pp 64. 1133:. International Commission on Stratigraphy. 904: 1456: 1442: 582:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago 1209: 1172: 1162: 1128:"International Chronostratigraphic Chart" 1014:30 through 26 and part of 25); the upper 917:in 1894. Fuchs named the stage after the 1294: 1085: 2102: 995:(which forms the base of nanoplankton 572: 1437: 1252: 547: 526: 508: 2055:= kiloannum (thousands years ago); 1366:Lanphere, M.A. & Baadsgaard, H. 1282:. p. The Paleobiology Database 940:The base of the Chattian is at the 13: 2059:= megaannum (millions years ago); 1164:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/v41i1/018003 889:. The Chattian is preceded by the 14: 2136: 2063:= gigaannum (billions years ago). 1402: 1277: 1271: 1050: 16:Second Age of the Oligocene Epoch 2084: 2073: 1313:Lanphere & Baadsgaard (2001) 975:) is at the first appearance of 34: 1307: 1211:10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/005 1114:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001 1045:New Zealand geologic time scale 909:The Chattian was introduced by 1232: 1218: 1137: 1120: 1025:of North America; most of the 507: 1: 1502:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma) 1320: 1078: 1240:A Geological Time Scale 1989 1067:with a magnitude of 9.2 and 876:. It spans the time between 7: 1465:Geological history of Earth 1094:Global and Planetary Change 1071:of 8. It has been dated to 954:(which is also the base of 573: 209: 10: 2141: 2120:Chattian first appearances 1738:Mississippian (323–359 Ma) 1733:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma) 1497:Holocene (present–11.7 ka) 1394:, Bulletin of Volcanology 1360:Cambridge University Press 1356:A Geologic Time Scale 2004 769:Base of magnetic polarity 2050: 2035: 2022:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga) 1999: 1959: 1928: 1897: 1884: 1872:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma) 1844: 1813: 1777: 1746: 1720: 1689: 1676: 1641: 1610: 1584: 1571: 1536: 1510: 1484: 1471: 897:(the lowest stage of the 839: 793: 764:Upper boundary definition 763: 755: 709: 705:(Base of Foram Zone P21b) 692:Lower boundary definition 691: 683: 673: 663: 658: 650: 638: 628: 623: 615: 610: 593: 112: 107: 26: 21: 2017:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga) 1862:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma) 1707:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma) 1559:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma) 1549:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma) 1280:"Mammal Paleogene zones" 993:Reticulofenestra bisecta 981:Paragloborotalia kugleri 905:Stratigraphic definition 797:Lemme-Carrosio Section, 785:Paragloborotalia kugleri 781:Planktonic Foraminiferan 117: 2115:Oligocene geochronology 2012:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga) 1977:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) 1972:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) 1915:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) 1805:Llandovery (433–444 Ma) 1712:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma) 1523:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma) 893:and is followed by the 1982:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) 1951:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga) 1910:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) 1857:Furongian (485–497 Ma) 1702:Lopingian (252–260 Ma) 1528:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma) 1265:The Scientific Monthly 1238:Harland, Brian et al. 1012:Mammal Paleogene zones 999:NN1), and the base of 700:Planktonic Foraminifer 200:−25 — 190:−30 — 180:−35 — 170:−40 — 160:−45 — 150:−50 — 140:−55 — 130:−60 — 120:−65 — 1987:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga) 1946:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga) 1867:Series 2 (509–521 Ma) 1554:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma) 857:, the younger of two 2027:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga) 1920:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga) 1800:Wenlock (427–433 Ma) 1790:Pridoli (419–423 Ma) 1061:Fish Canyon eruption 1008:European mammal zone 925:tribe. The original 539:permanent ice-sheets 2082: • 2071: • 2069:Geologic time scale 1831:Middle (458–470 Ma) 1795:Ludlow (423–427 Ma) 1764:Middle (383–393 Ma) 1659:Middle (237–247 Ma) 1628:Middle (164–174 Ma) 1376:, Chemical Geology 1341:, p. 163-175. 1106:2005GPC....47...51Z 961:P21b). An official 840:Upper GSSP ratified 820: /  794:Upper boundary GSSP 756:Lower GSSP ratified 740:43.6466°N 13.4677°E 736: /  710:Lower boundary GSSP 684:Time span formality 2080:Geology portal 1941:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga) 1836:Early (470–485 Ma) 1769:Early (393–419 Ma) 1664:Early (247–252 Ma) 1633:Early (174–201 Ma) 1602:Early (100–145 Ma) 1597:Late (66.0–100 Ma) 1380:(3–4), pp 653–671. 855:geologic timescale 824:44.6589°N 8.8364°E 674:Stratigraphic unit 664:Chronological unit 651:Time scale(s) used 2097: 2096: 1995: 1994: 1961:Paleoproterozoic 1880: 1879: 1826:Late (444–458 Ma) 1759:Late (359–383 Ma) 1672: 1671: 1654:Late (201–237 Ma) 1623:Late (145–164 Ma) 1567: 1566: 1488:(present–2.58 Ma) 1476:(present–66.0 Ma) 1258:Berry, Edward W. 1057:volcanic eruption 847: 846: 718:Central Apennines 624:Usage information 588: 587: 568: 567: 546: 545: 525: 524: 2132: 2091:World portal 2089: 2088: 2078: 2077: 2040: 2004: 1964: 1933: 1930:Mesoproterozoic 1902: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1849: 1818: 1782: 1751: 1725: 1694: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1646: 1615: 1589: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1541: 1515: 1489: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1435: 1434: 1398:(8), pp 735–748. 1385: 1367: 1349: 1344: 1328: 1314: 1311: 1305: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1275: 1269: 1256: 1250: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1222: 1216: 1215: 1213: 1195: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1166: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1132: 1124: 1118: 1117: 1089: 1074: 913:palaeontologist 888: 882: 861:or upper of two 835: 834: 832: 831: 830: 825: 821: 818: 817: 816: 813: 751: 750: 748: 747: 746: 745:43.6466; 13.4677 741: 737: 734: 733: 732: 729: 594:Formerly part of 563: 553: 548: 541: 537:First Antarctic 532: 527: 514: 509: 482: 474: 465: 456: 447: 438: 429: 420: 411: 401: 391: 382: 372: 347: 328: 300: 281: 245: 220: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 115: 103: 33: 29:27.82 – 23.03 19: 18: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2125:Geological ages 2100: 2099: 2098: 2093: 2083: 2072: 2064: 2046: 2038: 2031: 2002: 1991: 1962: 1955: 1931: 1924: 1900: 1899:Neoproterozoic 1889:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga) 1888: 1887: 1886:Proterozoic Eon 1876: 1847: 1840: 1816: 1809: 1780: 1773: 1749: 1742: 1723: 1716: 1692: 1680: 1679: 1668: 1644: 1637: 1613: 1606: 1587: 1575: 1574: 1563: 1539: 1532: 1513: 1506: 1487: 1475: 1474: 1467: 1462: 1405: 1383: 1365: 1347: 1342: 1326: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1299: 1295: 1285: 1283: 1276: 1272: 1257: 1253: 1237: 1233: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1193: 1186: 1182: 1142: 1138: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1072: 1053: 952:Chiloguembelina 907: 883: 877: 829:44.6589; 8.8364 828: 826: 822: 819: 814: 811: 809: 807: 806: 805: 744: 742: 738: 735: 730: 727: 725: 723: 722: 721: 703:Chiloguembelina 589: 584: 583: 581: 564: 560: 557: 551: 542: 536: 530: 521: 512: 505: 504: 500: 499: 495: 494: 490: 489: 485: 484: 480: 476: 475: 470: 467: 466: 461: 458: 457: 452: 449: 448: 443: 440: 439: 434: 431: 430: 425: 422: 421: 416: 413: 412: 410: 406: 403: 402: 397: 394: 393: 389: 385: 384: 380: 378: 374: 373: 369: 367: 365: 363: 361: 359: 357: 355: 352: 349: 348: 344: 342: 340: 338: 336: 333: 330: 329: 327: 326: 323: 321: 319: 317: 315: 313: 311: 309: 306: 303: 302: 298: 296: 292: 291: 283: 282: 277: 275: 273: 271: 269: 267: 265: 263: 259: 256: 255: 247: 246: 241: 239: 237: 235: 233: 231: 229: 225: 222: 221: 216: 212: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 102: 101: 100: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 28: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2138: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2095: 2094: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2008: 2006: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1935: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1906: 1904: 1892: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1851: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1786: 1784: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1755: 1753: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1729: 1727: 1722:Carboniferous 1718: 1717: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1698: 1696: 1684: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1579: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1545: 1543: 1540:(23.0–66.0 Ma) 1534: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1514:(2.58–23.0 Ma) 1508: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1493: 1491: 1479: 1469: 1468: 1461: 1460: 1453: 1446: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1421: 1411: 1404: 1403:External links 1401: 1400: 1399: 1381: 1363: 1345: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1306: 1293: 1270: 1251: 1231: 1217: 1180: 1136: 1119: 1083: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1059:occurred: the 1052: 1051:Volcanic event 1049: 1010:(it spans the 987:of calcareous 906: 903: 845: 844: 841: 837: 836: 795: 791: 790: 789: 788: 774: 765: 761: 760: 759:September 2016 757: 753: 752: 711: 707: 706: 693: 689: 688: 685: 681: 680: 675: 671: 670: 665: 661: 660: 656: 655: 654:ICS Time Scale 652: 648: 647: 640: 639:Regional usage 636: 635: 630: 629:Celestial body 626: 625: 621: 620: 617: 616:Name formality 613: 612: 608: 607: 595: 591: 590: 586: 585: 570: 569: 566: 565: 556: 554: 544: 543: 535: 533: 523: 522: 517: 515: 506: 502: 501: 497: 496: 492: 491: 487: 486: 478: 477: 469: 468: 460: 459: 451: 450: 442: 441: 433: 432: 424: 423: 415: 414: 405: 404: 396: 395: 387: 386: 376: 375: 351: 350: 332: 331: 305: 304: 294: 293: 285: 284: 258: 257: 249: 248: 224: 223: 211: 210: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 110: 109: 105: 104: 97: 96: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 35: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2137: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2092: 2087: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2043: 2041: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1998: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1927: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901:(539 Ma–1 Ga) 1896: 1893: 1891: 1883: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1719: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1678:Paleozoic Era 1675: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1609: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588:(66.0–145 Ma) 1583: 1580: 1578: 1576:(66.0–252 Ma) 1570: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1535: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1470: 1466: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1346: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1325: 1324: 1310: 1303: 1297: 1281: 1278:Alroy, John. 1274: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1248:0-521-38361-7 1245: 1241: 1235: 1227: 1221: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1192: 1184: 1175: 1174:11573/1611823 1170: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1140: 1129: 1123: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1088: 1084: 1076: 1073:27.51 Ma 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1034:Tabenbulakian 1031: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 971: 966: 964: 960: 957: 953: 950: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 929:was near the 928: 927:type locality 924: 920: 916: 915:Theodor Fuchs 912: 902: 900: 896: 892: 886: 880: 875: 871: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 842: 838: 833: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 786: 782: 778: 775: 772: 768: 767: 766: 762: 758: 754: 749: 719: 715: 714:Monte Cagnero 712: 708: 704: 701: 697: 694: 690: 686: 682: 679: 676: 672: 669: 666: 662: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 634: 631: 627: 622: 618: 614: 609: 606: 602: 599: 596: 592: 580: 579:, as of 2021. 578: 571: 562: 555: 550: 549: 540: 534: 529: 528: 520: 516: 511: 510: 483: 473: 464: 455: 446: 437: 428: 419: 409: 400: 392: 383: 371: 346: 325: 301: 290: 289: 280: 279: 254: 253: 244: 243: 219: 218: 116: 111: 106: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 43: 38: 32: 25: 20: 2065: 2001:Archean Eon 1963:(1.6–2.5 Ga) 1848:(485–539 Ma) 1817:(444–485 Ma) 1781:(419–444 Ma) 1750:(359–419 Ma) 1724:(299–359 Ma) 1693:(252–299 Ma) 1681:(252–539 Ma) 1645:(201–252 Ma) 1614:(145–201 Ma) 1573:Mesozoic Era 1473:Cenozoic Era 1427: 1417: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1355: 1351: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1309: 1301: 1296: 1284:. Retrieved 1273: 1263: 1254: 1239: 1234: 1220: 1204:(1): 23–28. 1201: 1197: 1183: 1157:(1): 17–32. 1154: 1150: 1139: 1122: 1100:(1): 51–66. 1097: 1093: 1087: 1054: 1023:mammal zones 1005: 992: 989:nanoplankton 980: 967: 951: 939: 908: 850: 848: 783: 574: 471: 286: 260: 250: 226: 213: 2037:Hadean Eon 1815:Ordovician 1586:Cretaceous 1486:Quaternary 1343:(in German) 1037:mammal zone 1030:mammal zone 853:is, in the 827: / 743: / 390:Maastricht. 2104:Categories 2039:(4–4.6 Ga) 2003:(2.5–4 Ga) 1932:(1–1.6 Ga) 1538:Paleogene 1321:Literature 1079:References 1041:Paratethys 1020:Arikareean 1018:and lower 985:extinction 942:extinction 895:Aquitanian 812:44°39′32″N 771:chronozone 731:13°28′04″E 728:43°38′48″N 659:Definition 561:extinction 481:Aquitanian 454:Priabonian 108:Chronology 2066:See also: 1846:Cambrian 1779:Silurian 1748:Devonian 1643:Triassic 1612:Jurassic 1327:Fuchs, T. 1065:La Garita 1016:Geringian 1003:C6Cn.2n. 867:Oligocene 815:8°50′11″E 611:Etymology 559:K-Pg mass 445:Bartonian 418:Thanetian 408:Selandian 2110:Chattian 1691:Permian 1512:Neogene 1198:Episodes 1151:Episodes 1027:Deseadan 1001:magnetic 991:species 979:species 933:city of 923:Germanic 911:Austrian 891:Rupelian 851:Chattian 799:Carrosio 773:C6Cn.2n. 642:Global ( 598:Tertiary 472:Chattian 463:Rupelian 436:Lutetian 427:Ypresian 22:Chattian 1286:15 July 1102:Bibcode 997:biozone 970:Neogene 959:biozone 944:of the 899:Miocene 865:of the 779:of the 720:, Italy 698:of the 552:← 531:← 513:← 205:– 195:– 185:– 175:– 165:– 155:– 145:– 135:– 125:– 98:↓ 2045:  1304:(2004) 1302:et al. 1300:Mason 1246:  983:, the 973:System 935:Kassel 931:German 919:Chatti 874:Series 863:stages 687:Formal 619:Formal 605:System 601:Period 503:  498:  493:  488:  399:Danian 1194:(PDF) 1131:(PDF) 1075:ago. 977:foram 956:foram 949:genus 946:foram 885:23.03 879:27.82 870:Epoch 803:Italy 678:Stage 633:Earth 1388:2004 1370:2001 1352:2004 1331:1894 1288:2009 1244:ISBN 963:GSSP 921:, a 859:ages 849:The 843:1996 519:PETM 37:PreꞒ 1378:175 1206:doi 1169:hdl 1159:doi 1110:doi 1069:VEI 1063:of 901:). 881:and 777:FAD 696:LAD 668:Age 644:ICS 577:ICS 2106:: 2061:Ga 2057:Ma 2053:ka 1426:— 1416:— 1396:66 1390:: 1386:; 1372:: 1368:; 1358:, 1354:: 1350:; 1339:10 1333:: 1329:; 1262:, 1202:20 1200:. 1196:. 1167:. 1155:41 1153:. 1149:. 1108:. 1098:47 1096:. 937:. 887:Ma 801:, 716:, 87:Pg 31:Ma 1457:e 1450:t 1443:v 1430:. 1420:. 1362:. 1290:. 1228:. 1214:. 1208:: 1177:. 1171:: 1161:: 1116:. 1112:: 1104:: 872:/ 646:) 603:/ 381:C 379:M 370:e 368:n 366:e 364:c 362:o 360:g 358:i 356:l 354:O 345:e 343:n 341:e 339:c 337:o 335:E 324:e 322:n 320:e 318:c 316:o 314:e 312:l 310:a 308:P 299:K 297:L 288:N 278:e 276:n 274:e 272:g 270:o 268:e 266:l 264:a 262:P 252:K 242:c 240:i 238:o 236:z 234:o 232:n 230:e 228:C 217:Z 215:M 92:N 82:K 77:J 72:T 67:P 62:C 57:D 52:S 47:O 42:Ꞓ

Index

Ma
PreꞒ

O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
M
Z

C
e
n
o
z
o
i
c

K
P
a
l
e
o
g
e
n
e

N
L
K

P
a
l
e
o
c
e
n
e

E
o
c
e
n
e

O
l
i
g
o
c
e
n
e

M
C

Maastricht.
Danian
Selandian
Thanetian
Ypresian
Lutetian
Bartonian

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