397:(a 30-hour sail from China) in 1869, and the following spring baptized four more converts. Meanwhile, Americans tried diplomatic channels to legalize Christian missionary work. In 1869 two outposts had been established: by the Church Missionary Society in Nagasaki, and the American Mission Board at Yokohama. He visited China in a yearly basis after settling in Tokyo. In May, 1871, Williams finally received assistance, as the Rev. Arthur Morris of New Jersey arrived in Osaka and began learning the language; he progressed enough to open a boys' school the following fall. Also, the Japanese government finally repealed its anti-Christian law in 1872, and allowed banished Christians to return to their villages.
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372:, as well as to visiting sailors. However, they could also serve as interpreters, as well as teach English. Rev. Liggins compiled a Japanese-English phrasebook before ill-health forced his departure in February 1860. A medical missionary, Ernest Schmid, arrived, but ill-health also forced his departure; and a missionary teacher, Jeanette Conover, also returned to Shanghai due to Japanese anti-foreigner sentiment in 1863. The
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problems, as well as the strains of cultural adjustment and physical dangers. Soon, they were able to substitute for the
British chaplain who assisted foreign sailors, and by December Williams could read prayers in Chinese well enough to substitute for the bishop. Boone ordained both Williams and Liggins to the priesthood on 11 January 1857. They soon began making missionary journeys to various cities in the
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248:, who also served as Monumental Church's rector due to the Episcopal Church's financial straits in Virginia after the Revolutionary War and disestablishment. John Williams died when Channing was three years old, so the devout Mary Williams raised her four sons and two daughters rather than marry again.
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Boone died in 1864, and the first postwar
General Convention elected Williams as his successor. He sailed for the U.S., and on October 3, 1866, during a meeting of the Board of Missions in New York City, Williams was consecrated as Missionary Bishop of China and Japan at St. John's Chapel. Presiding
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Meanwhile, in 1856, three years after
Commodore Matthew Perry's four-warship entry into Edo Bay, Townsend Harris (a devout Episcopalian) had become the first American consul in Japan. Two years later the senior missionary to China, the Rev. Edward Syle (and three chaplains of other denominations),
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At
Shanghai, the new missionaries first needed to learn the local Wu dialect, as well as Mandarin and the literary Wen-Li language. They soon learned that of the about twenty missionaries who had traveled to Shanghai to work under Boone since 1845, only about half remained—many experienced health
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Williams returned initially to China, but in 1868 returned to Japan, since he had learned the language and no other
Protestant missionaries volunteered for that duty. Although numerous Catholic missionaries continued, the government banished 4000 Japanese Catholic converts to Yezzo island (later
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Due to longstanding government restrictions on the teaching of
Christianity (since the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in the 16th century) and the need to learn Japanese, Liggins' and Williams' religious duties were initially limited to ministering to American and British residents of the
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Bishop
Hopkins led the consecration, joined by Bishops Lee, Johns, Payne, Potter, Whipple and Talbot. Williams remained in the United States that winter, traveling to both northern and southern cities to tell American clergy and people about the missionary fields in China and Japan.
425:, (i.e. the "Holy Catholic Church"), the Anglican church in Japan. He presided over the first Synod of the Anglican Church in Japan in 1887, where these discussions occurred not only with the foreign missionaries, also with even more Japanese clergy and lay people.
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also complicated matters; by 1864, Williams and a Dutch
Reformed pastor were the only Protestant missionaries remaining in Japan. Williams continued his limited duties and began translating the gospels. His first recorded baptism of a Japanese convert, a
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in April, as well as repeated fevers and had been sent to
Nagasaki to recover), Williams was assigned by the Foreign Mission Board to begin missionary work in Japan. Williams arrived in Nagasaki (joining Rev. Liggins) on June 26, 1859.
259:, Kentucky's first bishop, on 7 April 1849, and also studied Greek at night under the guidance of the rector of St. Paul's Church. Then, like his eldest sibling John (1823-1870, who became a long-serving rector at St. Peter's Church in
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and other graduating classmates. Williams served briefly at that church, but he and
Liggins also traveled to New York for interviews with the Foreign Missions Board. By November, the aspiring missionaries sailed toward
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and 1842 treaty opened Shanghai to foreign missionaries) and he and three recent VTS graduates sailed to China (arriving in June 1845). In 1851, Boone accepted another two recent graduates.
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Edward Abbot, Japan and the Nippon Sei Kokwai, A Sketch of the Work of the American Episcopal Church (Church Missions Publishing Company, Hartford, CT,1900) pp. 25-26 available at
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A Historical Sketch of the Japan Mission of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. (New York: Foreign and Domestic Mission Committee 1883; 3d ed. 1891). p. 6. available at
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Edward Abbot, Japan and the Nippon Sei Kokwai, A Sketch of the Work of the American Episcopal Church (Church Missions Publishing Company, Hartford, CT,1900) available at
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to join Boone. They reached their destination almost eight months later, on 28 June 1856, having sailed around South America, and with stops at
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and other journals. Reports of VTS graduates who wanted to or served as overseas missionaries, including Augustus Lyde, Henry Lockwood and
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as his successor, and he returned to New York for consecration in 1893. Williams remained in Japan, moving to Kyoto to evangelize in the
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Williams returned to America in failing health in 1908, two years before his death in Richmond in 1910. He is buried with his family at
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Williams stepped down two years later to make way for a younger generation of missionaries. The General Convention chose Bishop
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and was made Bishop of Edo. In February 1874 he founded a private school there, St. Paul's School, which ultimately became
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Beverley D. Tucker, Channing Moore Williams: Apostle to Japan, 1829-1910 (bound manuscript dated 2000) pp. I-4-5
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missionary, later bishop, in China and Japan. Williams was a leading figure in the establishment of the
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and led its Sunday school. Channing's first and middle names reflected Virginia's second bishop,
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and his wife Mary Anne Crignan. His father served on the vestry of
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samurai named ShĹŤmura Sukeuemon, was not until February 1866.
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608:Wickeri, Philip (2017-02-02). Strong, Rowan (ed.).
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614:The Oxford History of Anglicanism, Volume III
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216:(July 17, 1829 – December 2, 1910) was an
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622:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699704.001.0001
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721:Episcopal lectionary" website biography
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766:19th-century Anglican bishops in China
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644:1891 historical sketch
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