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Various C-shaped structures around the
Mirador Complex and the structure of the terrace of the Great Palace are evidence of continued occupation after the abandonment of the monumental structures of the site core and there was a brief period of continued occupation in the residential parts of Sayil.
424:
region of
Guatemala during the Late Classic, and the Guatemalan origin of obsidian artifacts suggest that Classic-period trade routes were dominant when the monumental architecture at Sayil was built. Although Sayil's origins lie in the Late Classic, the Terminal Classic saw the period of most rapid
296:
Sayil flourished principally, albeit briefly, in the
Terminal Classic period. The city reached its greatest extent c. 900 and had a population of 10,000 with an additional 5,000–7,000 living in the surrounding area. A number of badly damaged monuments suggest that Sayil was governed by a local
745:
Chac II is a small site located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the Great Palace, in the northwestern corner of the Sayil Valley. In the
Terminal Classic, Chac II was a part of the greater Sayil urban area, however, Chac II predates the Terminal Classic occupation of Sayil with various dating
494:
The site features abundant and widely distributed surface artifacts and to study the organization of the community, from 1990 to 1992, Michael P. Smyth and
Christopher D. Dore conducted a systemic large-scale surface collection of artifacts at a 25-meter interval across the entire site area. Nearly
766:
based on their sculptural style, with Stela 6 dated to circa AD 810 and both Stela 3 and Stela 5 dated to a little later in the ninth century. The stelae of Sayil are
Classic in style, depicting individual nobles who probably were rulers of the site, however, power in Sayil was likely to have been
562:
and several palaces, some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the main palace. Close to the half-way point of this section of causeway there is a small platform upon which were found the remains of eight stelae and seven plain altars. This stela platform represents a type of structure common among
379:
Political, economic, social, and religious leadership at Sayil appears to have been distinct and relatively decentralised. Economic rank has been analysed based on architectural scale, while political leadership was determined on the basis of the distribution of so-called altars, tall cylindrical
369:
Archaeologists have surveyed 2.4 km of the site, revealing an average structural density of 220 structures/km². Population estimates have been produced based on a count of structures, giving a result of 8,000–10,000 spread over an area of approximately 3.5 km. Population estimates
362:
At the height of the city's occupation, the population reached the limits of the agricultural carrying capacity of the land, with crops grown in gardens and fields among the residential complexes and irrigated from artificial cisterns built to store water from the seasonal rains, and more distant
539:
The Great Palace has an 85-meter-long facade and is built upon a two-terraced platform, giving the impression of three stories. Various rooms are arranged around the four sides of each terrace. The uppermost terrace supports a long structure with a single range of rooms. The palace was built in
566:
The remains of various other structures lie to both sides of the causeway system, with the majority located to the west. Structure 3B1 (Temple of the
Hieroglyphic Doorway) is notable for an interior doorway decorated by a band of hieroglyphs. Structure 4B1 has a central doorway with two carved
554:
is located in this complex. It is a badly damaged temple pyramid with a prominent crest, it faces southward. It consists of a half-collapsed two room building on top of a substructure. There is a phallic sculpture of unknown date near the
Mirador Complex.
380:
stone features with elite associations. The distribution of religious leadership was determined by the distribution of ceramic incense vessels and social leadership by the presence of rare ceramics obtained via intercommunity social alliances.
358:
warrior groups. The city reached its greatest extent c. 900, when it covered an area of approximately 5 km and had a population of perhaps 10,000 in the city itself with an additional 5,000–7,000 living in the surrounding area.
403:
Sayil and other Puuc sites are thought to occupy an important place in the transition from
Classic Period Maya culture to Postclassic society, experiencing a brief cultural florescence during the Terminal Classic, shortly after the
754:. Chac II probably did not lose its dominance of the Sayil Valley until toward the end of the Late Classic and it is possible that Sayil was founded by the Chaac II elite, becoming a massive urban expansion of the earlier site.
746:
methods (including radiocarbon, obsidian hydration, ceramic, and architectural dating) demonstrating that Chac II thrived in the Early to Middle
Classic and participated in a trade network linked to the great metropolis of
486:
carried out archaeological investigations that included architectural and topographic mapping, household-scale excavation, and intensive surface collections at Sayil from 1983 to 1988, when they were affiliated with the
544:; wings were added and platforms were designed, which were filled with stones and mortar to increase stability. The palace has a central stairway on the south side, giving access to the upper levels of the building.
1134:
Carmean, Kelli; Dunning, Nicholas; Kowalski, Jeff Karl (2005). "High Times in the Hill Country: A Perspective from the Terminal Classic Puuc Region". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.).
642:
547:
The first and second levels of the Great Palace contain substructures that were demolished to build the surviving building. The first level overlies a substructure that dates to the Late Classic.
550:
The causeway runs south from the Great Palace to a complex located 350 metres (1,150 ft) to the south, which consists of a group of structures with multiple rooms. The building known as
342:
The Puuc region that includes the site of Sayil possesses well defined wet and dry seasons and is characterised by a near absence of surface water due to the porous limestone bedrock.
1294:
Smyth, Michael P.; Christopher D. Dore (March 1992). "Large-Site Archaeological Methods at Sayil, Yucatan, Mexico: Investigating Community Organization at a Prehispanic Maya Center".
297:
royal dynasty, with wealth among lineages based, at least in part, upon control of the best agricultural lands. The ruins of Sayil include a prominent example of monumental
429:
The primary phase of occupation at the site appears to have been 800 to 950 AD (Late to Terminal Classic) with some kind of reoccupation after the abandonment of the city.
2438:
2433:
536:, or causeway, running from north to south. The Great Palace stands at the northern end of the causeway, it is the largest and most well known building at Sayil.
408:
had depopulated the Maya lowlands. The brief occupational history of the site has raised the possibility that Sayil developed from an earlier settlement known as
1350:
Vidal Lorenzo, Cristina; Muñoz Cosme, Gaspar (1997). "La arquitectura de las ciudades Mayas del área Puuc, Yucatán". In J.P. Laporte and H. Escobedo (ed.).
573:
Domestic architecture at the site consisted of over 300 perishable structures built upon underlying masonry foundations, some of which have been excavated.
366:
Sayil began to decline c. 950 and the city was abandoned by c, AD 1000, a pattern of rapid growth and decline that probably was typical of the Puuc region.
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483:
658:
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carried out restoration work at Sayil in the first half of the twentieth century. Archaeologists have mapped 3.5 km of the site's urban core.
577:
471:
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From the Mirador Complex another causeway runs 200 metres (660 ft) south-east, then turns south to continue to a major group containing a
1351:
363:
fields in neighbouring valleys, probably were cultivated. Additional agricultural produce probably was supplied from nearby satellite sites.
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449:, which referred to the site under the name "Zayi". (Stephens, John Lloyd, "Incidents of Travel in Yucatan", Harper & Brothers, 1843)
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615:
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situated in the volcanic highlands on the Pacific coast that conducted extensive trade of the material throughout Central America.
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30,000 ceramic fragments were recovered (representing 99% of all artifacts recovered) and 155 lithic artifacts, of which 90% were
1308:
700:
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53:
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place Sayil relatively early in the Terminal Classic. Ceramic remains recovered from the Palace indicate trade with the
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Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.546; Toscano Hernández & Huchim Herrera 2004, p.84. Carmean & Sabloff 1996, p.322.
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columns supporting carved capitals and three sculptured lintels. Puuc-style columns are a recurring motif at the site.
1276:
1238:
1203:
1156:
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2123:
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Carmean, Kelli; Jeremy A. Sabloff (Autumn 1996). "Political Decentralization in the Puuc Region, Yucatan, Mexico".
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produce a figure of 5,000–10,000. Both estimates refer to the maximum population in the Terminal Classic.
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1194:. Ancient peoples and places series (6th edition, fully revised and expanded ed.). London and New York:
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Another palace group stands on a hilltop to the north of the causeway system, overlooking the site core.
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Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.546. Toscano Hernández & Huchim Herrera 2004, p.81. Coe 1999, p.160.
417:
412:, a small archaeological site in the same valley that was occupied as early as the fifth century AD.
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1359:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Museo Nacional de ArqueologĂa y EtnologĂa. pp. 360–376. Archived from
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Sayil is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south of the contemporary Puuc archaeological site of
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Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.546. Toscano Hernández & Huchim Herrera 2004, p.85.
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The Terminal Classic in the Maya lowlands: Collapse, transition, and transformation
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Toscano Hernández, Lourdes; José Huchim Herrera (November–December 2004).
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Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.547. Carmean & Sabloff 1996, p.319.
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Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.546. Carmean & Sabloff 1996, p.319.
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The site first was brought to the attention of the outside world by
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1182:(3). Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico: 317–330.
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style architecture, the partially ruined Grand Palace of Sayil.
37:
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X Simposio de Investigaciones ArqueolĂłgicas en Guatemala, 1996
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1302:(1). Washington, DC: Society for American Archaeology: 3–21.
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Pyramid of Chac II after excavation and partial restoration
370:
based on a count of subterranean storage chambers known as
339:. It was built in a shallow valley among low, steep hills.
317:
298:
737:
2048:
540:
various phases through an unknown period of time in the
621:
Temple of the Hieroglyphic Doorway, partially buried
2439:
9th-century establishments in the Maya civilization
2340:
for more articles see Category:Maya sites in Mexico
1260:
1222:
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1016:Toscano Hernández & Huchim Herrera 2004, p.81.
966:Toscano Hernández & Huchim Herrera 2004, p.85.
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1267:(6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA:
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648:Palace façade on the second level, depicting
578:Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa e Historia
472:Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa e Historia
350:Sayil first was settled circa AD 800, in the
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597:Collapsed ruins of the South Palace complex
27:Maya archaeological site in Yucatan, Mexico
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563:major sites of the eastern Puuc region.
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1322:(70). Mexico: Editorial RaĂces: 80–87.
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14:
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830:Sharer & Traxler 2006, pp.544-545.
1427:
1225:The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings
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762:Several monuments have been dated by
331:, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from in
383:Smaller sites around Sayil, such as
335:and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from
1176:Journal of Anthropological Research
525:
24:
948:Carmean & Sabloff 1996, p.320.
895:Carmean & Sabloff 1996, p.327.
685:Palace façade detail - Sky Serpent
25:
2455:
2429:Former populated places in Mexico
1379:
932:Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.688.
918:Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.686.
877:Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.546.
805:Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.545.
664:Palace façade detail - Chaac mask
580:(INAH), and is open to visitors.
165:Late Classic to Terminal Classic.
1629:
1388:, Sayil web site at Reed College
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886:Smyth & Dore 1992, pp.4, 6.
2444:Tourist attractions in Yucatán
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1043:Smyth & Dore 1992, pp.5-7.
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447:Incidents of Travel in Yucatán
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13:
1:
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530:The site is laid out along a
466:Archaeological investigations
345:
265:period. It is located in the
259:city built by the Maya people
60:
1145:University Press of Colorado
757:
706:Remains of El Mirador Temple
461:The ruined El Mirador temple
7:
1309:"La Región Puuc de Yucatán"
1052:Smyth & Dore 1992, p.8.
1025:Smyth & Dore 1992, p.3.
957:Smyth & Dore 1992, p.4.
770:
452:
309:The site is located in the
304:
10:
2460:
2396:
1095:Carmean et al 2005, p.429.
998:Carmean et al 2005, p.435.
984:Carmean et al 2005, p.434.
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480:University of Pennsylvania
398:
354:Period, possibly by small
291:UNESCO World Heritage Site
201:Pre-Hispanic Town of Uxmal
191:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2394:
2351:
2029:
2006:
1638:
1627:
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1269:Stanford University Press
1259:; Loa P. Traxler (2006).
1231:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
1120:Carmean et al 2005, p.436
909:Carmean et al 2005, p.435
514:in what now is southwest
499:with the remainder being
418:obsidian hydration dating
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42:The Grand Palace of Sayil
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1296:Latin American Antiquity
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489:University of New Mexico
1410:20.1780000°N 89.65250°W
767:shared to some degree.
576:The site is managed by
320:region of the northern
764:Tatiana Proskouriakoff
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462:
248:
2424:Maya sites in Yucatán
1471:Actun Tunichil Muknal
1415:20.1780000; -89.65250
740:
609:South Palace doorways
460:
406:Classic Maya collapse
246:
125:20.17806°N 89.65222°W
1653:Altar de Sacrificios
1316:ArqueologĂa Mexicana
1221:Drew, David (1999).
1061:Lambert, Joseph P.,
727:Ruins of Sayil, 1932
518:, a distant site in
443:Frederick Catherwood
211:Cultural: i, ii, iii
1406: /
1196:Thames & Hudson
636:at the Grand Palace
439:John Lloyd Stephens
130:20.17806; -89.65222
121: /
32:
1063:Traces of the Past
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247:Plan of the Palace
198:Official name
30:
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2399:Pre-Columbian era
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1853:Motul de San José
1486:Barton Creek Cave
1257:Sharer, Robert J.
322:Yucatan Peninsula
241:
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174:Maya civilization
16:(Redirected from
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1888:Punta de Chimino
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1263:The Ancient Maya
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267:Mexican state
264:
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2259:San Gervasio
2099:Chichen Itza
2044:Aguada FĂ©nix
1998:Zapote Bobal
1928:Takalik Abaj
1918:San Clemente
1571:Nim Li Punit
1391:
1368:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1352:
1340:the original
1319:
1315:
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650:Ah-Muzen-Cab
575:
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549:
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531:
529:
493:
470:The Mexican
469:
446:
436:
427:
402:
382:
378:
371:
368:
365:
361:
352:Late Classic
349:
341:
326:
308:
295:
251:
250:
2366:Casa Blanca
2353:El Salvador
2104:Chunchucmil
2059:Balankanche
1968:Wajxaklajun
1933:Tamarindito
1913:San Bartolo
1843:Mixco Viejo
1798:Kaminaljuyu
1733:El Porvenir
1678:Cerro Quiac
1621:Xunantunich
1596:San Estevan
1551:Lower Dover
1413: /
1147:. pp.
1143:. Boulder:
821:2005, p.435
748:Teotihuacan
520:Mesoamerica
433:Rediscovery
425:expansion.
414:Radiocarbon
229:1996 (20th
226:Inscription
128: /
104:Coordinates
70:Mesoamerica
2419:Maya sites
2413:Categories
2397:See also:
2381:San Andrés
2361:Cara Sucia
2274:Tortuguero
2149:Hormiguero
2124:Comalcalco
2094:Chinkultic
2079:Chacchoben
1953:Tres Islas
1838:Machaquila
1828:La Joyanca
1738:El Temblor
1723:El Mirador
1698:Chutixtiox
1688:Chitinamit
1601:Santa Rita
1546:Louisville
1506:Chaa Creek
1491:Cahal Pech
1481:Baking Pot
1455:Maya sites
1370:2009-05-16
1229:. London:
1127:References
552:El Mirador
346:Population
180:Site notes
116:89°39′08″W
113:20°10′41″N
2319:Yaxchilan
2249:Punta Sur
2184:Kohunlich
2144:EkĘĽ Balam
2129:Dzibanche
2114:ChunlimĂłn
2109:Chunhuhub
2021:El Puente
1898:QĘĽumarkaj
1833:La Muerta
1823:La Corona
1818:La Blanca
1813:La Amelia
1743:El Tintal
1708:Dos Pilas
1640:Guatemala
1556:Lubaantun
1526:KaĘĽKabish
1401:89°39′9″W
1328:0188-8218
758:Monuments
634:Pilasters
560:ballcourt
516:Guatemala
509:El Chayal
314:limestone
293:in 1996.
277:. Sayil,
216:Reference
154:Abandoned
2371:Cihuatán
2334:YoĘĽokop
2234:Palenque
2229:Oxkintok
2089:Chicanná
2074:Calakmul
2069:Bonampak
2008:Honduras
1988:Zacpeten
1958:Uaxactun
1903:RĂo Azul
1893:Quiriguá
1858:Naachtun
1808:KĘĽatepan
1788:Ixtonton
1663:Balberta
1648:Aguateca
1586:Pacbitun
1536:La Milpa
1521:El Pilar
1476:Altun Ha
1336:29789840
1287:57577446
1249:43401096
1214:59432778
1192:The Maya
1190:(1999).
1167:61719499
817:Carmean
771:See also
505:obsidian
453:The site
373:chultuns
305:Location
207:Criteria
170:Cultures
80:Location
2386:Tazumal
2314:Xtampak
2254:RĂo Bec
2224:OcomtĂşn
2204:Mayapan
2189:Komchen
2084:ChactĂşn
2054:Balamku
2039:Acanceh
1993:Zaculeu
1948:Topoxte
1938:Tayasal
1878:Pajaral
1873:Naranjo
1848:Montana
1773:Iximche
1753:Guaytán
1748:El Zotz
1728:El PerĂş
1718:El Chal
1713:El BaĂşl
1693:Chocolá
1673:Cancuén
1668:Bejucal
1611:Uxbenka
1591:Pusilha
1566:Minanha
1541:Lamanai
1496:Caracol
1149:424–449
733:Chac II
584:Gallery
478:of the
410:Chac II
399:History
393:Xkanabi
356:Chontal
271:Yucatán
261:of the
231:Session
162:Periods
157:1000 AD
146:Founded
141:History
98:Yucatán
86:,
84:Yucatán
18:Chac II
2324:Yaxuná
2309:Xpuhil
2304:Xlapak
2294:Xcaret
2269:Toniná
2244:Pomona
2199:La Mar
2169:JoljaĘĽ
2154:Izamal
2031:Mexico
1978:Xultun
1973:Witzna
1963:Ucanal
1923:Seibal
1793:Ixtutz
1763:Holtun
1758:Holmul
1616:Xnaheb
1576:Nohmul
1531:KĘĽaxob
1516:Cuello
1501:Cerros
1463:Belize
1334:
1326:
1285:
1275:
1247:
1237:
1212:
1202:
1165:
1155:
819:et al.
512:source
501:basalt
391:, and
385:Sodzil
333:Xlapak
254:was a
149:800 AD
94:Region
88:Mexico
2299:Xelha
2284:Uxmal
2279:Tulum
2264:Sayil
2219:Muyil
2194:Labna
2179:Kiuic
2174:Kabah
2164:Jaina
2159:Izapa
2139:Edzna
2064:Becan
2016:Copán
1983:Yaxha
1943:Tikal
1908:Sacul
1868:Nakum
1863:Nakbe
1803:Kinal
1778:Ixkun
1768:Itzan
1683:Chama
1511:Colha
1364:(PDF)
1357:(PDF)
1343:(PDF)
1312:(PDF)
783:Notes
777:Uxmal
533:sacbe
497:chert
422:Petén
337:Labna
329:Kabah
311:karst
289:as a
287:Uxmal
283:Labna
279:Kabah
275:Uxmal
252:Sayil
31:Sayil
2329:Yula
2289:Uxul
2209:ManĂ
2119:Coba
1783:Ixlu
1606:Tipu
1332:OCLC
1324:ISSN
1283:OCLC
1273:ISBN
1245:OCLC
1235:ISBN
1210:OCLC
1200:ISBN
1163:OCLC
1153:ISBN
482:and
441:and
416:and
318:Puuc
299:Puuc
281:and
2049:Aké
1320:XII
269:of
220:791
2415::
1330:.
1314:.
1298:.
1281:.
1271:.
1243:.
1233:.
1208:.
1198:.
1180:52
1178:.
1161:.
1151:.
1109:^
1079:^
989:^
971:^
937:^
923:^
900:^
844:^
810:^
790:^
503:,
491:.
387:,
324:.
2343:)
2337:(
1447:e
1440:t
1433:v
1373:.
1300:3
1289:.
1251:.
1216:.
1169:.
233:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
