27:
691:", is partially supported by the statistics. For subjects where an equivalent O-level paper existed approximately 36% of the pupils entered for either exam, after 1976, sat the O-Level, the remainder (64%) sat the CSE paper. The proportion taking CSE exams increased following the raising of the minimum school leaving age to 16, in 1973, and the subsequent fall in the proportion sitting neither exam e.g.
213:
ranging from grades 1 to 5. A CSE grade 1 was equivalent to achieving an O level grade of C or higher, in the same subject, while a 4 was obtainable by someone of average / median ability. Gaining a CSE Grade 1 implied that the student could have followed an O level course in that subject. This often
178:
did not take externally set end of school examinations, and so left school without any nationally recognised qualifications. Though the introduction of the CSE did not, of itself, resolve the issue as the majority still left at the end of the fourth year without sitting an external qualification. By
135:
which is a school-leaving qualification in India. Also, in some
African and former British colonial countries (such as, Kenya) there is a qualification named the Certificate of Secondary Education based on the original and former British variant. Also, the CSE should not be confused with the African
193:
The range of courses for CSE was wider than that for the O-level and included many vocational subjects, such as car maintenance, which were not available at O-level. As comprehensive schools gradually replaced secondary modern schools, pupils could increasingly take a mixture of CSEs and O-levels
953:
Unlike GCE and GCSE examinations, the participating schools did not have a choice of awarding body, but were required to use the designated local board. Unlike the GCE and GCSE boards, the CSE exam boards were composed of elected teachers and local authority representatives from each region.
1127:
171:). CSEs were available in both academic and vocational subjects, incorporated controlled assessment in addition to examination, and examination questions were typically offered in a shorter and more structured form than those found on an equivalent O-Level paper.
189:
A number of GCE and CSE exam boards experimented with offering a combined O-Level and CSE examination, in the 1970s, for borderline candidates. The papers contained questions limited to areas of the syllabus that were common to both an O-Level and CSE.
179:
the late 1960s and early 1970s, some counties had introduced their own examinable qualifications for those leaving at the end of the fourth year. For example, the county of
Monmouthshire in Wales awarded the Monmouthshire Certificate in Education.
131:) was a subject-specific qualification family awarded in both academic and vocational fields in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. CSE examinations were held in the years 1965 to 1987. This qualification should not be confused with the
931:
947:
866:
891:
926:
876:
1306:
Tattersall, Kathleen (2007). "A Brief
History of Policies, Practices and Issues Relating to Comparability". In Newton, Paul; Baird, Jo-Anne; Goldstein, Harvey; Patrick, Helen; Tymms, Peter (eds.).
1045:
881:
906:
901:
936:
886:
916:
984:
943:
896:
911:
871:
214:
caused frustration for such pupils wishing to progress to A-level, who (due to incompatibilities in the syllabi) would need to take a 1-year O-level conversion course in the Lower
550: Before 1975, each exam board had its own grading system (some used letters, others numbers). Grades were only given to schools and not recorded on students' certificates
1307:
997:
1820:
1179:
222:
491:
GCSE grades 9 to 4 (A* to C) – Certificate and qualification awarded. At GCSE, considered a 'standard pass', and awards a qualification at Level 2 of the
44:
1635:
1273:
183:
1810:
91:
1790:
1390:
1213:
63:
1764:
1059:
1046:"CISCE Board ICSE 10th Results 2015: CISCE.org ICSE class 10th X exam results 2015 to be declared today at 11:30 AM | India News | Zee News"
1815:
1243:
70:
689:
the O Level examination tending to be aimed at the upper 20 per cent of the full ability range and CSE catering for the next 40 per cent
1661:
991:
198:
1769:
1676:
1341:
132:
210:
77:
1795:
1800:
1733:
1100:
979:
151:
The CSE was introduced to provide a set of qualifications available to a broader range of schoolchildren and distinct from the
59:
1805:
1605:
1073:
1019:
1759:
1749:
1666:
1014:
969:
156:
1383:
502:
501:
GCSE grades 3 to 1 (D to G) – Certificate and qualification awarded. At GCSE, awards a qualification at Level 1 of the
492:
110:
1024:
1005:
152:
1316:
1096:
974:
921:
84:
1651:
1600:
48:
1376:
1281:
1728:
1723:
1221:
540: A*–G grades as used in Wales since 1994, and in England and Northern Ireland between 1994 and 2019
1251:
1692:
862:
The CSE syllabi, examinations and awards were originally made by 15 independent regional boards:
175:
168:
37:
1610:
1671:
946:. The West Yorkshire and Lindsey and Yorkshire and Humberside boards also merged to form the
182:
The majority of secondary modern pupils continued to leave without qualifications until the
1435:
1399:
1348:
8:
562:
Percentage of School-Leavers in
England obtaining 'n' O-level (A-C) or CSE grade 1 pass
1630:
1460:
1440:
963:
164:
194:
until finally the examinations were merged with the new GCSE certification courses.
1707:
1625:
1420:
1077:
1011:
School certificate (SC), predecessor to the GCS O-Level and CSE qualifications
942:
In 1979, the neighbouring
Metropolitan and Middlesex boards merged to form the
218:
and thus waste a year gaining a qualification they theoretically already held.
160:
1784:
1620:
1615:
1154:
221:
Though no formal requirements existed, grades 2 to 3 were possibly set to be
145:
1134:. No. 61142. The Times (London, England). The Times (London, England)
687:
The 1978 Waddell Report, when comparing O-Level and CSE entrants stated: "
1656:
1565:
1540:
1510:
1475:
1450:
159:), that were aimed at the academically more able pupils, mostly those at
1368:
215:
1104:
174:
Before the introduction of the CSE, the majority of schoolchildren at
1430:
1409:
1000:(IGCSE), which is offered with or instead of O Levels internationally
520: 9–1 grades phased in by subject between 2017 and 2019 in England
186:
to 16, in 1973, made a fifth year of secondary education compulsory.
136:
qualification CSEE (Certificate of
Secondary Education Examination).
16:
Former academic qualification in
England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
1309:
Techniques for
Monitoring the Comparability of Examination Standards
1097:"The story of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)"
26:
511:
U: ungraded/unclassified – no certificate or qualification awarded
1580:
1575:
1555:
1550:
1187:
1702:
1697:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1465:
148:
was commissioned to look into a new exam which became the CSE.
1220:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office 1978. Archived from
1214:"The Waddell Report – School Examinations"
197:
CSEs and O-levels are the predecessor examinations of the
229:
Approximate equivalences for GCSE, O-Level and CSE grades
998:
International
General Certificate of Secondary Education
932:
The West
Yorkshire and Lindsey Regional Examining Board
948:
Yorkshire and Humberside Regional Examinations Board
695:
English O-Level and CSE Mathematics entrants 1976-9
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1274:"The Cockcroft Report (1982) - Mathematics counts"
980:Cambridge International Ordinary Level (Singapore)
530: New A*–G grades in Northern Ireland from 2019
225:to the two (D and E) lowest O-Level pass grades.
1782:
1074:"allAfrica.com: Tanzania: Form Four Results Out"
1060:"Kitale school tradition bestows honour on all"
1821:Educational qualifications in Northern Ireland
1384:
1301:
1299:
1244:"The Swann Report (1985) - Education for All"
867:Associated Lancashire Schools Examining Board
1008:(GCE), which comprises O Levels and A-levels
994:(GCSE), which replaced the O Levels and CSE
892:Northern Ireland Schools Examination Council
1391:
1377:
1305:
1296:
1180:"O-LEVEL AND CSE STATISTICS 1982 AND 1983"
992:General Certificate of Secondary Education
199:General Certificate of Secondary Education
1315:. London: QCA. p. 89. Archived from
1207:
1205:
133:Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1398:
985:Cambridge International O-Level subjects
927:West Midlands Regional Examination Board
877:East Midland Regional Examinations Board
1811:Secondary education in Northern Ireland
1734:Special education in the United Kingdom
1334:
1101:Qualifications and Curriculum Authority
882:Metropolitan Regional Examination Board
1783:
1202:
1091:
1089:
1087:
907:South-East Regional Examinations Board
902:North West Regional Examinations Board
1791:Educational qualifications in England
1372:
1119:
937:Yorkshire Regional Examinations Board
236:
1155:"A Guide to Changes in GCSE Grading"
1152:
1020:School Certificate (New South Wales)
887:Middlesex Regional Examination Board
60:"Certificate of Secondary Education"
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1816:Educational qualifications in Wales
1211:
1084:
1015:School Certificate (United Kingdom)
970:GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)
917:Southern Regional Examination Board
209:There were five pass grades in its
13:
964:GCE Ordinary Level (International)
944:London Regional Examinations Board
125:Certificate of Secondary Education
14:
1832:
1126:Geddes, Diana (27 January 1982).
897:North Regional Examinations Board
544:
534:
524:
514:
184:raising of the school leaving age
1025:School Certificate (New Zealand)
1006:General Certificate of Education
912:South Western Examinations Board
25:
1796:Secondary school qualifications
1266:
1188:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1128:"Poor marks for maths teaching"
922:Welsh Joint Education Committee
872:East Anglian Examinations Board
36:needs additional citations for
1801:Secondary education in England
1236:
1172:
1146:
1066:
1052:
1038:
857:
1:
1636:Raising of school leaving age
546:
536:
526:
516:
1806:Secondary education in Wales
7:
1724:Common Entrance Examination
1132:The Times (London, England)
957:
721:% Pupils entered for Maths
682:
263:England, NI 1994–2019
10:
1837:
975:Ordinary Level (Sri Lanka)
204:
1765:Higher School Certificate
1742:
1716:
1685:
1644:
1593:
1564:
1539:
1509:
1474:
1449:
1419:
1408:
454:
451:
446:
443:
440:
435:
423:
420:
375:
372:
367:
364:
361:
358:
353:
350:
347:
333:
319:
316:
313:
308:
305:
302:
299:
294:
291:
288:
285:
242:
239:
233:
1693:Department for Education
1645:Exams and qualifications
1032:
706:O-Level Maths Candidates
176:secondary modern schools
169:secondary modern schools
1125:
715:% Maths Papers: O-Level
139:
1672:English Baccalaureate
1153:CCEA (31 July 2017).
1601:State-funded schools
1401:Education in England
1218:Education In England
1107:on 14 September 2007
709:CSE Maths Candidates
45:improve this article
718:% Maths Papers: CSE
696:
563:
230:
165:independent schools
1760:School Certificate
1729:Schools (category)
1631:Sixth form college
1342:"CSE Exam Records"
1322:on 2 December 2013
1190:. 20 December 1984
694:
567:individual awards
561:
228:
1778:
1777:
1589:
1588:
1431:Nursery/Preschool
1278:Education England
855:
854:
680:
679:
478:
477:
121:
120:
113:
95:
1828:
1708:Special measures
1626:Secondary school
1568:
1543:
1513:
1478:
1453:
1423:
1422:Foundation Stage
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1347:. Archived from
1346:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1284:on 21 March 2014
1280:. Archived from
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1254:on 19 April 2015
1250:. Archived from
1248:Educationengland
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1224:on 19 April 2015
1212:Waddell, James.
1209:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1184:Millbank Systems
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1103:. Archived from
1093:
1082:
1081:
1080:on 2 March 2014.
1076:. Archived from
1070:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1042:
712:Total Candidates
697:
693:
564:
560:
551:
541:
531:
521:
510:
500:
490:
256:Northern Ireland
231:
227:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1738:
1712:
1681:
1640:
1606:Private schools
1585:
1566:
1560:
1541:
1535:
1511:
1505:
1476:
1470:
1451:
1445:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1354:on 24 July 2008
1351:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1210:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1035:
960:
860:
685:
558:
556:
508:
498:
488:
262:
261:Wales from 1994
257:
252:
234:National Cohort
207:
142:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1834:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1611:Primary school
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1366:
1365:
1333:
1295:
1265:
1235:
1201:
1171:
1145:
1118:
1083:
1065:
1051:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1001:
989:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
959:
956:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
859:
856:
853:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
827:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
801:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
684:
681:
678:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
640:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
602:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
555:
554:
553:
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
506:
496:
479:
476:
475:
472:
469:
465:
464:
461:
457:
456:
453:
449:
448:
445:
442:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
398:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
381:
380:
377:
374:
370:
369:
366:
363:
360:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
322:
321:
318:
315:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
297:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
259:
254:
249:
245:
244:
241:
238:
235:
211:grading system
206:
203:
141:
138:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1833:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Junior school
1619:
1617:
1616:Infant school
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1318:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1300:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1004:
999:
996:
995:
993:
990:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
965:
962:
961:
955:
951:
949:
945:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
863:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
828:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
724:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
698:
692:
690:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
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1567:Key Stage 5
1542:Key Stage 4
1512:Key Stage 3
1477:Key Stage 2
1452:Key Stage 1
1228:4 September
1164:29 November
1159:ccea.org.uk
858:Exam Boards
101:August 2013
1785:Categories
1686:Regulation
1411:Key Stages
1111:11 October
966:(O-Level)
600:5 or more
597:1 or more
269:1975–1987
258:from 2019
253:from 2017
237:GCSE Grade
223:equivalent
71:newspapers
1594:Schooling
1441:Reception
1436:Playgroup
1288:22 August
1258:22 August
1194:26 August
950:in 1982.
272:1965–1987
266:1988–1993
243:CSE Grade
144:The 1960
1358:7 August
1326:30 April
958:See also
683:Entrants
201:(GCSE).
157:O-Levels
1750:O-Level
1667:A-Level
1657:11-plus
1581:Year 13
1576:Year 12
1556:Year 11
1551:Year 10
842:683,720
839:438,220
836:245,500
833:781,240
816:645,610
813:414,950
810:230,660
807:768,460
790:609,580
787:392,020
784:217,560
781:751,070
764:631,927
761:377,731
758:270,297
251:England
205:Grading
161:grammar
85:scholar
1743:Former
1703:Ofsted
1698:Ofqual
1531:Year 9
1526:Year 8
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1033:Notes
851:87.5
799:81.1
676:26.2
673:53.8
670:12.8
649:11.4
643:1983
638:26.1
635:52.6
632:12.7
611:11.4
608:10.6
605:1982
483:Notes
248:%'ile
216:Sixth
92:JSTOR
78:books
1770:GNVQ
1677:BTEC
1662:GCSE
1652:SATs
1360:2008
1328:2020
1290:2015
1260:2015
1230:2015
1196:2015
1166:2017
1140:2015
1113:2008
848:64.1
845:35.9
830:1979
822:64.3
819:35.7
804:1978
796:64.3
793:35.7
778:1977
770:57.2
767:42.8
752:1976
726:1974
700:Year
667:4.7
664:4.5
661:4.3
658:4.7
655:5.3
652:7.0
646:9.6
629:4.5
626:4.5
623:4.4
620:4.4
617:5.0
614:6.8
163:and
123:The
64:news
1755:CSE
825:84
747:74
594:8+
503:RQF
493:RQF
452:98%
421:95%
401:85%
384:70%
359:55%
339:40%
325:25%
300:15%
153:GCE
140:CSE
129:CSE
47:by
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