1203:
1190:
2709:
4817:
2568:
4823:
1585:
2590:
1216:
1229:
5373:
2897:
157:
962:
1843:
2317:
1930:
1563:
2210:
2501:
1242:
2152:
1785:
1048:
5403:
2346:
2738:
131:
2760:
2232:
1330:
5379:
1908:
1879:
1674:
2288:
2181:
2116:
2008:
2979:
1703:
2680:
2651:
2030:
1814:
2087:
4095:
858:
1645:
1320:
Following Marsh, Ceratopsia has usually been classified as a suborder within the order
Ornithischia. While ranked taxonomy has largely fallen out of favor among dinosaur paleontologists, some researchers have continued to employ such a classification, though sources have differed on what its rank
2929:
Most restorations of ceratopsians show them with erect hindlimbs but semi-sprawling forelimbs, which suggest that they were not fast movers. But Paul and
Christiansen (2000) argued that at least the later ceratopsians had upright forelimbs and the larger species may have been as fast as
1134:, Montana. Since the ceratopsians had not been recognised yet as a distinctive group, Cope was uncertain about much of the fossil material, not recognizing the nasal horn core, nor the brow horns, as part of a fossil horn. The frill bone was interpreted as a part of the breastbone.
2909:
Unlike almost all other dinosaur groups, skulls are the most commonly preserved elements of ceratopsian skeletons and many species are known only from skulls. There is a great deal of variation between and even within ceratopsian species. Complete growth series from
2982:
Ceratopsian fossil discoveries. The presence of
Jurassic ceratopsians only in Asia indicates an Asian origin for the group, while the more derived ceratopsids occur only in North America save for one Asian species. Questionable remains are indicated with
1001:), being elliptical with constricted bases in the former group, and triangular with wide bases in the latter group. Within these broad definitions, different species would have somewhat different shapes and numbers. In centrosaurines especially, like
1430:
to support the increasingly heavy head. Within
Coronosauria, three groups are generally recognized, although the membership of these groups varies somewhat from study to study and some coronosaurs may not fit in any of them. One group can be called
1524:. While there were many unresolved areas of the strict consensus, including all of Leptoceratopsidae, a single most parsimonious tree was found that was most consistent with the relative ages of the taxa included, which is shown below.
918:, the attachment of large neck and chewing muscles or some combination of the above. Ceratopsians ranged in size from 1 meter (3.3 feet) and 23 kilograms (51 pounds) to over 9 meters (30 feet) and 9,100 kg (20,100 lb).
1096:, who led a dig to recover the partial skeleton. Cope recognized the remains as a dinosaur, but noted that even though the fossil lacked a skull, it was different from any type of dinosaur then known. He named the new species
949:
bones below the eye are prominent, flaring out sideways to make the skull appear somewhat triangular when viewed from above. This triangular appearance is accentuated in later ceratopsians by the rearwards extension of the
3874:
Chinnery, B.J.; Lipka, T.R.; Kirkland, J.I.; Parrish, J.M.; Brett-Surman, M.K. (1998). "Neoceratopsian teeth from the Lower to Middle
Cretaceous of North America. In: Lucas, S.G., Kirkland, J.I., & Estep, J.W. (Eds.).
3123:
finds with the remains of many individuals of different ages. Like modern migratory herds, they would have had a significant effect on their environment, as well as serving as a major food source for predators.
2991:
Ceratopsia appears to have originated in Asia, as all of the earliest members are found there. Fragmentary remains, including teeth, which appear to be neoceratopsian, are found in North
America from the
3667:
Morschhauser, E.M.; You, H.; Li, D.; Dodson, P. (2019). "Phylogenetic history of
Auroraceratops rugosus (Ceratopsia: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China".
3016:
to that continent. The traditional view that ceratopsoids originated in North
America was called into question by the 2009 discovery of better specimens of the dubious Asian form
3070:
may also be a ceratopsian, specifically a neoceratopsian closer to ceratopsoidea than protoceratopsidae. Possible leptoceratopsid remains have also been described from the early
3140:
Fonseca, A. O.; Reid, I. J.; Venner, A.; Duncan, R. J.; Garcia, M. S.; Müller, R. T. (2024). "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution".
3104:
are far and away the most common dinosaur remains found in the latest
Cretaceous rocks in the western United States, making up as much as 5/6ths of the large dinosaur
3598:
Zhao; Gao; Fox; Du (2007). "Endocranial morphology of psittacosaurs (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) based on CT scans of new fossils from the Lower
Cretaceous, China".
4110:
3324:
Holtz, Thomas R., Jr.; Rey, Luis V. (2007). Dinosaurs: the most complete, up-to-date encyclopedia for dinosaur lovers of all ages. New York: Random House.
1321:
should be. Most who still employ the use of ranks have retained its traditional ranking of suborder, though some have reduced to the level of infraorder.
1060:
The first ceratopsian remains known to science were discovered during the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories led by the American
1019:, these bones become long and spike- or hook-like. A well-known example is the coarse sawtooth fringe of broad triangular epoccipitals on the frill of
1398:. The rostral bone and flared jugals are already present in all of these forms, indicating that even earlier ceratopsians remain to be discovered.
1081:. It was not until the early 20th century that some of these were recognized as ceratopsian teeth. During another of Hayden's expeditions in 1872,
3236:
Rich, Thomas H.; Kear, Benjamin P.; Sinclair, Robert; Chinnery, Brenda; Carpenter, Kenneth; McHugh, Mary L.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia (2014). "
1310:
1102:, meaning "marvellous forest-dweller". Soon after, Cope named two more dinosaurs that would eventually come to be recognized as ceratopsids:
993:. Epoccipitals probably were present in all known ceratopsids. They appear to have been broadly different between short-frilled ceratopsids (
1484:
All previously published neoceratopsian phylogenetic analyses were incorporated into the analysis of Eric M. Morschhauser and colleagues in
5526:
1305:. However, this spelling, while technically correct, has been used only rarely in the scientific literature, and the vast majority of
813:
5516:
3370:
1118:
was notable for the number of disassociated remains found, including the first evidence of ceratopsid horns and frills. Several
3640:
Sereno, P.C. (1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with applications to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria".
989:
bones that make up the base of the frill. These bones were ornamental instead of functional, and may have helped differentiate
3022:, which may it as a ceratopsid. It is unknown whether this would indicates ceratopsids actually originated in Asia, or if the
4159:
3507:
3420:
3383:
3329:
3309:
925:. On the tip of a ceratopsian upper jaw is the rostral bone, an edentulous (toothless) ossification, unique to ceratopsians.
4138:
1274:. Marsh considered the group distinct enough to warrant its own suborder within Ornithischia. The name is derived from the
5521:
4816:
144:
1202:
1189:
4078:
3810:
3499:
3479:
3298:
3008:, which may represent a separate dispersal event, back into Asia. Ceratopsids and their immediate ancestors, such as
4822:
933:
bone on the lower jaw. This ossification evolved to morphologically aid the chewing of plant matter. Along with the
5396:
1042:
849:
today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians.
3915:
3776:
3411:
Makovicky, Peter J. (2012). "Marginocephalia". In M. K. Brett-Surman; Thomas R. Holtz; James O. Farlow (eds.).
3108:
in some areas. These facts indicate that some ceratopsians were the dominant herbivores in their environments.
1334:
4009:
Dollo, 1883 from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium: the first record of a neoceratopsian dinosaur in Europe?".
3823:
Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology".
3346:
You H. & Dodson, P. 2004. Basal Ceratopsia. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., & Osmolska, H. (Eds.).
2562:
1697:
1490:
906:
and frills extending over the neck. While these frills might have served to protect the vulnerable neck from
3281:
2495:
2311:
2146:
1924:
17:
3801:: A Nocturnal Ceratopsian?", In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and David A. Eberth (eds),
5372:
2282:
2226:
2081:
1978:
1579:
3991:
Rich, T.H. & Vickers-Rich, P. 2003. Protoceratopsian? ulnae from the Early Cretaceous of Australia.
4028:
Lindgren, Johan; Currie, Philip J.; Siverson, M.; Rees, J.; Cederström, Peter; Lindgren, Filip (2007).
2708:
2024:
1808:
1123:
1064:
156:
1293:
meaning 'appearance, view' and by extension 'face'. As early as the 1960s, it was noted that the name
4104:
2703:
2674:
2386:
2175:
1426:. Coronosaurs show the first development of the neck frill and the fusion of the first several neck
4229:
4131:
3004:
by the middle of the Cretaceous Period. Almost all leptoceratopsids are North American, aside from
2369:
3519:
Cope, E.D. (1876). "Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana".
1025:. When regarding the ossification's morphogenetic traits, it can be described as dermal. The term
4347:
2204:
1837:
1557:
1298:
338:
5488:
1157:
and the order Ceratopsia. This prompted Cope to reexamine his own specimens and to realize that
5423:
4071:
The Dinosaur Heresies: New Theories Unlocking The Mystery of the Dinosaurs and Their Extinction
2584:
2110:
1902:
1177:
as a horned dinosaur, with a large nasal horn and two smaller horns over the eyes, and a large
1082:
1263:
829:
is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public. It is traditional for ceratopsian
5511:
5483:
5406:
4256:
2732:
2340:
1668:
1363:
1345:
1255:
1138:
1030:
926:
270:
5378:
2567:
1258:
in 1890 to include dinosaurs possessing certain characteristic features, including horns, a
5470:
5461:
3950:
3832:
3551:
3191:
3149:
2997:
2517:
2002:
1779:
1719:
1488:, along with all previously published diagnostic species excluding the incomplete juvenile
1485:
297:
3902:
gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Neoceratopsia) from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana".
1473:
and all the large North American ceratopsians and is further divided into the subfamilies
8:
4512:
4124:
2645:
1873:
1093:
808:
3954:
3836:
3555:
3195:
3153:
5232:
5182:
4614:
4052:
3974:
3919:
3856:
3780:
3719:
3684:
3567:
3257:
3215:
1584:
1358:
151:
4029:
4011:
Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre
3757:
3279:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
5315:
5253:
5216:
4690:
4577:
4074:
4056:
4048:
3966:
3848:
3806:
3688:
3571:
3503:
3495:
3475:
3416:
3379:
3325:
3305:
3261:
3207:
3176:
3034:
2589:
2474:
2067:
1442:
1432:
1423:
911:
597:
578:
511:
290:
3978:
3923:
3860:
3803:
New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium
3784:
3758:"Forelimb posture in neoceratopsian dinosaurs: implications for gait and locomotion"
3733:
Dodson, P (1976). "Quantitative aspects of relative growth and sexual dimorphism in
3653:
3540:"Additional characters of the Ceratopsidae, with notice of new Cretaceous dinosaurs"
3219:
1215:
5345:
5143:
4968:
4670:
4365:
4099:
4044:
3958:
3911:
3840:
3772:
3715:
3676:
3649:
3609:
3559:
3249:
3199:
3157:
3094:
1625:
1383:
1009:
915:
793:
727:
683:
369:
3680:
3161:
1228:
5239:
5191:
5150:
5086:
4989:
4940:
4642:
4566:
4521:
4395:
4381:
4340:
4214:
4198:
3613:
3253:
3059:
1349:
1131:
806:, lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago. The last ceratopsian species,
530:
430:
327:
249:
50:
5246:
5205:
5136:
5123:
5094:
5079:
5049:
5010:
4996:
4913:
4874:
4753:
4663:
4628:
4621:
4501:
4451:
4374:
4354:
3018:
2957:
2948:
1639:
1542:
1478:
1474:
1418:
1378:
1314:
1306:
1194:
1090:
998:
994:
974:
903:
874:
802:
632:
501:
399:
349:
233:
3962:
3563:
3240:
Rich & Vickers-Rich, 2003 is an Australian Early Cretaceous ceratopsian".
3203:
2896:
5505:
5446:
5324:
5303:
5273:
5264:
5164:
5058:
5003:
4982:
4954:
4947:
4933:
4926:
4732:
4721:
4714:
4656:
4649:
4635:
4593:
4528:
4494:
4465:
4418:
4027:
3001:
2984:
2943:
2901:
2630:
2547:
2316:
1929:
1842:
1607:
1562:
1508:
1496:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1275:
1233:
1220:
1207:
1015:
986:
961:
951:
778:
766:
541:
480:
440:
88:
46:
3844:
3378:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 494–513.
3364:
2209:
5338:
5289:
5282:
5198:
5171:
5157:
5065:
5038:
5031:
5024:
4975:
4961:
4853:
4840:
4771:
4760:
4745:
4707:
4699:
4681:
4586:
4552:
4535:
4487:
4480:
4436:
4241:
4189:
3970:
3852:
3365:
3293:
3211:
3044:
2754:
2500:
2463:
1520:
1514:
1502:
1465:
1460:
1409:
1271:
1259:
1170:
1154:
1127:
1003:
978:
938:
888:
883:
845:
837:", although this is not always the case. One of the first named genera was
652:
642:
552:
490:
470:
460:
316:
279:
217:
31:
3706:
Osborn (Ceratopsia: Psittacosauridae) inferred from long bone histology".
1250:, a chasmosaurinae ceratopsid and one of the last and largest ceratopsians
5455:
5331:
5225:
5108:
5072:
4895:
4607:
4472:
3600:
3054:
2151:
1784:
1246:
1241:
1149:
1110:
1072:
1021:
894:
450:
419:
139:
63:
3174:
2345:
1047:
5101:
5017:
4867:
4600:
4388:
2962:
2931:
2737:
1387:
1178:
1098:
1052:
934:
930:
865:
790:
359:
108:
73:
2759:
2231:
843:
itself, which lent its name to the group, although it is considered a
130:
3350:(2nd Edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 478-493.
3071:
3063:
3049:
3030:
2938:
1329:
1085:
found several giant bones protruding from a hillside in southwestern
1077:
1061:
982:
955:
907:
899:
770:
168:
113:
57:
5417:
3539:
3449:
3374:. In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.).
2996:
stage (112 to 100 million years ago), indicating that the group had
1907:
1878:
1673:
1169:
all represented a single group of similar dinosaurs, which he named
929:
recognized and named this bone, which acts as a mirror image of the
818:
5440:
4902:
4888:
4881:
4444:
4180:
4171:
3013:
3012:, were unknown outside of western North America, and were presumed
2923:
2287:
2180:
2115:
2007:
1427:
1395:
1373:
1267:
1143:
1104:
839:
797:
774:
389:
201:
188:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
2978:
2679:
2650:
2029:
1813:
1702:
1412:
than psittacosaurids. Another subset of neoceratopsians is called
5475:
5296:
4458:
4402:
3120:
3067:
1518:
that are very closely related to and potentially synonymous with
1368:
1086:
1068:
990:
864:, with large nasal horn and bony processes over the front of the
409:
118:
93:
3175:
Lee, Yuong-Nam; Ryan, Michael J.; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugo (2010).
2086:
4165:
4005:
Godefroit, Pascal; Lambert, Olivier (2007). "A re-appraisal of
3101:
3075:
3029:
Possible ceratopsians from the Southern Hemisphere include the
2993:
2961:
and modern birds and reptiles indicate that they may have been
2911:
942:
857:
782:
178:
3521:
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
973:. The name is a misnomer, as they are not associated with the
736:
692:
4116:
3115:
and its relatives, appear to have been gregarious, living in
3105:
1644:
1402:
1391:
1341:
946:
922:
879:
830:
3873:
3052:
is known from a single toothless jaw (which has been lost).
3916:
10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0572:doppge]2.0.co;2
3777:
10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0450:FPINDI>2.0.CO;2
3642:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen
3116:
3039:
2941:
lifestyle has been suggested for the primitive ceratopsian
1416:, which either includes all ceratopsians more derived than
786:
757:
754:
748:
739:
716:
713:
695:
3755:
2934:, which can run at up to 56 km or 35 miles per hour.
704:
4004:
3881:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
3093:
are the most common dinosaurs in the different Mongolian
3702:
Erickson, G.M.; Tumanova, T.A. (2000). "Growth curve of
3474:. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 300 pp.
3235:
4030:"The first neoceratopsian dinosaur remains from Europe"
3666:
3415:(2nd ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 540.
3139:
1153:. In 1890 Marsh classified them together in the family
921:
Ceratopsians are easily recognized by features of the
3822:
1441:
and its closest relatives, all Asian. Another group,
1141:
described the first well preserved horned dinosaurs,
969:
The neck frills of ceratopsids are surrounded by the
733:
730:
710:
689:
686:
3797:
Longrich, N. (2010). "The Function of Large Eyes in
3429:
751:
745:
707:
701:
648:
638:
628:
617:
602:
594:
583:
575:
560:
547:
536:
526:
518:
507:
497:
486:
476:
466:
456:
446:
436:
426:
415:
405:
395:
385:
374:
366:
355:
345:
334:
323:
312:
286:
3392:
3368:; Forster, Catherine. A; Sampson, Scott D. (2004).
742:
698:
3877:Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems
3588:(Part 15). Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 87pp.
3584:Steel, R. 1969. Ornithischia. In: Kuhn, O. (Ed.).
3470:Hatcher, J.B., Marsh, O.C. and Lull, R.S. (1907).
3369:
3297:
937:bone, which forms the tip of the lower jaw in all
4107:, University of California Museum of Paleontology
3660:
3177:"The first ceratopsian dinosaur from South Korea"
1390:Period, all of which were discovered in northern
958:bones of the skull roof, to form the neck frill.
796:, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the
5503:
3701:
2965:, active throughout the day at short intervals.
1067:. Teeth discovered during an 1855 expedition to
872:Early members of the ceratopsian group, such as
3756:Paul, G.S.; Christiansen, P. (September 2000).
3304:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
4213:
3998:
4132:
3936:
3891:
3867:
3484:
3360:
3358:
3356:
1348:, Ceratopsia is often defined to include all
1056:was the first recognized genus of ceratopsian
965:Known skin integument of several ceratopsians
3597:
3464:
3273:
3271:
977:. Epoccipitals begin as separate bones that
4851:
4063:
3941:—the first ceratopsid dinosaur from Asia".
3726:
3633:
3620:
3231:
3229:
4139:
4125:
3578:
3531:
3441:
3353:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3286:
129:
3985:
3930:
3749:
3708:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3410:
3268:
3111:Some species of ceratopsians, especially
1449:animals that are more closely related to
981:during the animal's growth to either the
3897:
3450:"The skull of the gigantic Ceratopsidae"
3226:
2977:
2895:
1328:
1313:does not govern taxa above the level of
1240:
1227:
1214:
1201:
1188:
1122:fossils were found by Cope, assisted by
1046:
960:
856:
3628:Vertebrate Palaeontology, Third Edition
3335:
3300:The Horned Dinosaurs: A Natural History
3168:
14:
5504:
3732:
3639:
3435:
3398:
3292:
5422:
5421:
4838:
4307:
4158:
4120:
3993:Records of the Queen Victoria Museum.
3537:
3447:
814:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
3937:Sues, H.-D.; Averianov, A. (2009). "
3898:Chinnery, B (2005). "Description of
3805:, Indiana University Press, 656 pp.
3518:
2973:
941:, the rostral forms a superficially
5527:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
4073:. William Morrow:New York, p. 438.
3142:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
2947:. However, comparisons between the
1309:continue to use Ceratopsia. As the
1036:
910:, they may also have been used for
24:
3904:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3720:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02201.x
3669:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3494:. Utah Geological Survey, 554 pp.
3081:
1362:. Under this definition, the most
882:animals. Later members, including
800:. The earliest known ceratopsian,
145:American Museum of Natural History
25:
5538:
4086:
1463:and closely related animals like
1184:
5402:
5401:
5377:
5371:
4839:
4821:
4815:
4105:Introduction to the Ceratopsians
4093:
4049:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00690.x
3238:Serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei
2758:
2736:
2707:
2678:
2649:
2588:
2566:
2499:
2344:
2315:
2286:
2230:
2208:
2179:
2150:
2114:
2085:
2028:
2006:
1928:
1906:
1877:
1841:
1812:
1783:
1701:
1672:
1643:
1583:
1561:
1043:Timeline of ceratopsian research
997:) and long-frilled ceratopsids (
769:: "horned faces") is a group of
726:
682:
155:
61:
5517:Late Jurassic first appearances
4021:
3816:
3791:
3695:
3630:. Blackwell Publishing, 472 pp.
3591:
3512:
3492:Vertebrate Paleontology In Utah
3404:
3026:immigrated from North America.
2968:
2891:
1469:. Ceratopsidae itself includes
1408:includes all ceratopsians more
902:and developed elaborate facial
4308:
4146:
3318:
3133:
1335:Natural History Museum of Utah
1317:, this is unlikely to change.
1075:and included within the genus
852:
13:
1:
3681:10.1080/02724634.2018.1509866
3586:Handbuch de Paleoherpetologie
3162:10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577
3127:
2563:Protoceratops hellenikorhinus
1698:Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis
1491:Archaeoceratops yujingziensis
1029:was coined by paleontologist
777:that thrived in what are now
27:Extinct suborder of Dinosaurs
3614:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.002
3277:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011)
3254:10.1080/03115518.2014.894809
2496:Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi
2312:Montanoceratops cerorhynchus
2147:Ischioceratops zhuchengensis
1925:Graciliceratops mongoliensis
1324:
1237:, a centrosaurine ceratopsid
812:, became extinct during the
7:
3704:Psittacosaurus mongoliensis
3544:American Journal of Science
3454:American Journal of Science
2283:Koreaceratops hwaseongensis
2227:Zhuchengceratops inexpectus
2082:Helioceratops brachygnathus
1979:Asiaceratops salsopaludalis
1580:Psittacosaurus mongoliensis
1494:and the problematic genera
10:
5543:
4113:at Palaeos.com (technical)
3448:Marsh, Othniel C. (1889).
2025:Yamaceratops dorngobiensis
1809:Liaoceratops yanzigouensis
1173:in 1891. Cope redescribed
1126:, in summer 1876 near the
1124:Charles Hazelius Sternberg
1040:
624:Wolfe & Kirkland, 1998
29:
5522:Maastrichtian extinctions
5430:
5391:
5369:
5314:
5272:
5263:
5215:
5181:
5131:
5122:
5048:
4921:
4912:
4862:
4847:
4834:
4812:
4770:
4740:
4731:
4689:
4680:
4576:
4561:
4550:
4511:
4431:
4427:
4416:
4364:
4335:
4331:
4320:
4316:
4303:
4267:
4249:
4240:
4222:
4209:
4154:
3963:10.1007/s00114-009-0518-9
3939:Turanoceratops tardabilis
3900:Prenoceratops pieganensis
3654:10.1127/njgpa/210/1998/41
3564:10.2475/ajs.s3-39.233.418
3204:10.1007/s00114-010-0739-y
2751:
2729:
2722:
2704:Turanoceratops tardabilis
2700:
2693:
2675:Zuniceratops christopheri
2671:
2664:
2642:
2635:
2581:
2559:
2552:
2540:
2514:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2468:
2387:Unescoceratops kopelhusae
2383:
2366:
2359:
2337:
2330:
2308:
2301:
2279:
2272:
2223:
2201:
2194:
2176:Prenoceratops pieganensis
2172:
2165:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2107:
2100:
2078:
2071:
2061:
2021:
1999:
1992:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1921:
1899:
1892:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1834:
1827:
1805:
1798:
1776:
1769:
1716:
1694:
1687:
1665:
1658:
1636:
1629:
1619:
1612:
1576:
1554:
1547:
1535:
1333:Ceratopsid skulls at the
1270:, and a forward-oriented
1254:Ceratopsia was coined by
309:
304:
285:
278:
152:Scientific classification
150:
137:
128:
41:
2922:, allowing the study of
2370:Gryphoceratops morrisoni
1352:more closely related to
30:Not to be confused with
4348:Micropachycephalosaurus
3845:10.1126/science.1200043
3739:Journal of Paleontology
3675:(Supplement): 117–147.
3490:Gillette, D.D. (1999).
3119:. This is suggested by
3000:across what is now the
2914:to adult are known for
2205:Udanoceratops tchizhovi
1838:Archaeoceratops oshimai
1558:Psittacosaurus sinensis
1422:, or more derived than
1366:known ceratopsians are
1071:were first assigned to
339:Micropachycephalosaurus
4007:Craspedodon lonzeensis
3097:where they are found.
2988:
2906:
2585:Protoceratops andrewsi
2111:Leptoceratops gracilis
1903:Auroraceratops rugosus
1459:, includes the family
1337:
1301:and that it should be
1297:is actually incorrect
1251:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1198:, an early ceratopsian
1083:Fielding Bradford Meek
1057:
966:
945:-like beak. Also, the
869:
5484:Paleobiology Database
4069:Bakker, R.T. (1986).
3626:Benton, M.J. (2004).
3413:The Complete Dinosaur
3282:Winter 2010 Appendix.
2981:
2924:ontogenetic variation
2899:
2733:Diabloceratops eatoni
2341:Cerasinops hodgskissi
1669:Chaoyangsaurus youngi
1346:phylogenetic taxonomy
1332:
1256:Othniel Charles Marsh
1244:
1231:
1218:
1205:
1192:
1139:Othniel Charles Marsh
1099:Agathaumas sylvestris
1050:
1031:Othniel Charles Marsh
964:
927:Othniel Charles Marsh
868:. Museum of Victoria.
860:
4100:Dinosaurs portal
3538:Marsh, O.C. (1890).
2518:Magnirostris dodsoni
2003:Mosaiceratops azumai
1780:Stenopelix valdensis
1720:Xuanhuaceratops niei
898:, became very large
4513:Archaeoceratopsidae
3955:2009NW.....96..645S
3943:Naturwissenschaften
3837:2011Sci...332..705S
3556:1890AmJS...39..418M
3196:2011NW.....98...39L
3184:Naturwissenschaften
3154:2024JSPal..2246577F
2646:Ajkaceratops kozmai
1874:Aquilops americanus
1455:. The third group,
1376:Period, along with
1285:meaning 'horn' and
1224:, a protoceratopsid
1211:, a leptoceratopsid
1094:Edward Drinker Cope
809:Triceratops prorsus
522:Archaeoceratopsidae
5233:Crittendenceratops
5183:Albertaceratopsini
2989:
2926:in these species.
2907:
1445:, includes mostly
1359:Pachycephalosaurus
1338:
1252:
1239:
1226:
1213:
1200:
1137:In 1888 and 1889,
1058:
967:
870:
5499:
5498:
5424:Taxon identifiers
5415:
5414:
5387:
5386:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5316:Pachyrhinosaurini
5254:Yehuecauhceratops
5217:Nasutoceratopsini
5118:
5117:
4830:
4829:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4691:Protoceratopsidae
4578:Leptoceratopsidae
4546:
4545:
4412:
4411:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
3508:978-1-55791-634-1
3422:978-0-253-35701-4
3385:978-0-520-24209-8
3330:978-0-375-82419-7
3311:978-0-691-02882-8
3035:Serendipaceratops
2974:Paleobiogeography
2888:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2529:
2528:
2475:Protoceratopsidae
2452:
2451:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2068:Leptoceratopsidae
2050:
2049:
2041:
2040:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1596:
1595:
1443:Leptoceratopsidae
1433:Protoceratopsidae
1424:Leptoceratopsidae
1386:, from the Early
1350:marginocephalians
1262:, teeth with two
971:epoccipital bones
833:names to end in "
821:million years ago
671:
670:
625:
614:
598:Protoceratopsidae
591:
579:Leptoceratopsidae
572:
512:Serendipaceratops
382:
291:Ceratops montanus
274:
16:(Redirected from
5534:
5492:
5491:
5479:
5478:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5419:
5418:
5405:
5404:
5382:
5381:
5375:
5346:Pachyrhinosaurus
5270:
5269:
5144:Machairoceratops
5129:
5128:
4969:Coahuilaceratops
4919:
4918:
4860:
4859:
4849:
4848:
4836:
4835:
4825:
4820:
4819:
4738:
4737:
4687:
4686:
4671:Zhuchengceratops
4559:
4558:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4366:Chaoyangsauridae
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4304:
4247:
4246:
4220:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4156:
4155:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4081:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4034:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4002:
3996:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3820:
3814:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3762:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3637:
3631:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3595:
3589:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3550:(233): 418–429.
3535:
3529:
3528:
3516:
3510:
3488:
3482:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3373:
3362:
3351:
3344:
3333:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3303:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3181:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3137:
3038:, known from an
2762:
2740:
2725:
2724:
2711:
2696:
2695:
2682:
2667:
2666:
2653:
2638:
2637:
2592:
2570:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2503:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2362:
2361:
2348:
2333:
2332:
2319:
2304:
2303:
2290:
2275:
2274:
2234:
2212:
2197:
2196:
2183:
2168:
2167:
2154:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2118:
2103:
2102:
2089:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2032:
2010:
1995:
1994:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1932:
1910:
1895:
1894:
1881:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1845:
1830:
1829:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1787:
1772:
1771:
1705:
1690:
1689:
1676:
1661:
1660:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1626:Chaoyangsauridae
1622:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1587:
1565:
1550:
1549:
1538:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1384:Psittacosauridae
1372:, from the Late
1037:History of study
1010:Pachyrhinosaurus
916:thermoregulation
822:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
650:
640:
630:
623:
619:
608:
604:
596:
589:
585:
577:
566:
562:
549:
538:
528:
520:
509:
499:
488:
478:
468:
458:
448:
438:
428:
417:
407:
397:
387:
380:
376:
370:Chaoyangsauridae
368:
357:
347:
336:
325:
314:
288:
269:
264:
248:
232:
216:
160:
159:
133:
123:
60:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
21:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5487:
5482:
5474:
5469:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5426:
5416:
5411:
5383:
5376:
5351:
5310:
5259:
5240:Furcatoceratops
5211:
5192:Albertaceratops
5177:
5151:Menefeeceratops
5114:
5087:Tatankaceratops
5044:
4990:Mercuriceratops
4941:Arrhinoceratops
4908:
4856:
4843:
4826:
4814:
4786:
4766:
4727:
4676:
4643:Montanoceratops
4572:
4567:Graciliceratops
4555:
4542:
4522:Archaeoceratops
4507:
4421:
4408:
4396:Xuanhuaceratops
4382:Hualianceratops
4360:
4341:Albalophosaurus
4325:
4312:
4283:
4263:
4236:
4230:Avemetatarsalia
4215:Avemetatarsalia
4205:
4199:Marginocephalia
4161:
4160:
4150:
4145:
4111:Marginocephalia
4094:
4092:
4089:
4084:
4068:
4064:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4003:
3999:
3990:
3986:
3935:
3931:
3896:
3892:
3872:
3868:
3831:(6030): 705–8.
3821:
3817:
3796:
3792:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3731:
3727:
3700:
3696:
3665:
3661:
3638:
3634:
3625:
3621:
3596:
3592:
3583:
3579:
3536:
3532:
3517:
3513:
3489:
3485:
3469:
3465:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3409:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3291:
3287:
3276:
3269:
3234:
3227:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3084:
3082:Ecological role
3060:Late Cretaceous
2976:
2971:
2894:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2530:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2051:
2042:
1951:
1942:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1597:
1382:and the family
1327:
1307:paleontologists
1187:
1132:Chouteau County
1045:
1039:
855:
817:
729:
725:
685:
681:
621:Ceratopsomorpha
531:Archaeoceratops
431:Graciliceratops
328:Albalophosaurus
300:
294:
268:
262:
250:Marginocephalia
246:
230:
214:
154:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
55:
54:
51:Late Cretaceous
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5540:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5480:
5467:
5452:
5436:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5399:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5320:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5278:
5276:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5247:Nasutoceratops
5243:
5236:
5229:
5221:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5206:Medusaceratops
5202:
5195:
5187:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5137:Diabloceratops
5132:
5126:
5124:Centrosaurinae
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5095:Titanoceratops
5091:
5083:
5080:Regaliceratops
5076:
5069:
5062:
5054:
5052:
5050:Triceratopsini
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5011:Sierraceratops
5007:
5000:
4997:Navajoceratops
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4922:
4916:
4914:Chasmosaurinae
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4875:Brachyceratops
4871:
4863:
4857:
4852:
4845:
4844:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4754:Turanoceratops
4750:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4695:
4693:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4664:Unescoceratops
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4629:Ischioceratops
4625:
4622:Gryphoceratops
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4562:
4556:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4532:
4525:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4502:Sasayamagnomus
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4452:Auroraceratops
4448:
4441:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4375:Chaoyangsaurus
4370:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4355:Psittacosaurus
4351:
4344:
4336:
4326:
4321:
4314:
4313:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4223:
4217:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4192:
4183:
4174:
4168:
4152:
4151:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4088:
4087:External links
4085:
4083:
4082:
4062:
4043:(4): 929–937.
4020:
3997:
3984:
3949:(5): 645–652.
3929:
3910:(3): 572–590.
3890:
3866:
3815:
3790:
3771:(3): 450–465.
3748:
3725:
3714:(4): 551–566.
3694:
3659:
3632:
3619:
3608:(4): 285–293.
3590:
3577:
3530:
3511:
3483:
3472:The Ceratopsia
3463:
3456:. 3rd Series.
3440:
3428:
3421:
3403:
3391:
3384:
3376:The Dinosauria
3371:"Ceratopsidae"
3352:
3348:The Dinosauria
3334:
3317:
3310:
3285:
3267:
3248:(4): 456–479.
3225:
3167:
3148:(1). 2346577.
3131:
3129:
3126:
3087:Psittacosaurus
3083:
3080:
3024:Turanoceratops
3019:Turanoceratops
2985:question marks
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2958:Psittacosaurus
2916:Psittacosaurus
2893:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
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2250:
2249:
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2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
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2016:
2013:
2012:
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1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1640:Yinlong downsi
1635:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1543:Psittacosaurus
1536:
1534:
1526:
1479:Chasmosaurinae
1475:Centrosaurinae
1447:North American
1419:Auroraceratops
1379:Chaoyangsaurus
1326:
1323:
1299:linguistically
1195:Psittacosaurus
1186:
1185:Classification
1183:
1091:paleontologist
1041:Main article:
1038:
1035:
999:chasmosaurines
995:centrosaurines
975:occipital bone
939:ornithischians
875:Psittacosaurus
854:
851:
803:Yinlong downsi
669:
668:
667:
666:
665:
664:
663:
662:
661:
660:
659:
658:
657:
656:
646:
636:
633:Turanoceratops
600:
581:
558:
557:
556:
545:
534:
516:
505:
502:Sasayamagnomus
495:
484:
474:
464:
454:
444:
434:
424:
413:
403:
400:Auroraceratops
393:
372:
364:
353:
350:Psittacosaurus
343:
332:
321:
307:
306:
302:
301:
295:
283:
282:
276:
275:
260:
253:
252:
244:
237:
236:
234:Neornithischia
228:
221:
220:
212:
205:
204:
199:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5539:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5453:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5408:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5380:
5374:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5325:Achelousaurus
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5306:
5305:
5304:Styracosaurus
5301:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5274:Centrosaurini
5271:
5268:
5266:
5265:Eucentrosaura
5262:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5165:Wendiceratops
5162:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5059:Eotriceratops
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5004:Pentaceratops
5001:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4983:Kosmoceratops
4980:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4955:Bravoceratops
4952:
4950:
4949:
4948:Bisticeratops
4945:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4934:Anchiceratops
4931:
4929:
4928:
4927:Agujaceratops
4924:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4833:
4824:
4818:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4733:Ceratopsoidea
4730:
4724:
4723:
4722:Protoceratops
4719:
4717:
4716:
4715:Breviceratops
4712:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4657:Udanoceratops
4654:
4652:
4651:
4650:Prenoceratops
4647:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4636:Leptoceratops
4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4594:Bainoceratops
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4549:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4529:Helioceratops
4526:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4495:Mosaiceratops
4492:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4466:Koreaceratops
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4419:Neoceratopsia
4415:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4302:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4080:
4079:0-14-010055-5
4076:
4072:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4037:Palaeontology
4031:
4024:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3811:0-253-35358-0
3808:
3804:
3800:
3799:Protoceratops
3794:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3735:Protoceratops
3729:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3594:
3587:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3500:1-55791-634-9
3497:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3480:0-405-12713-8
3477:
3473:
3467:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3438:, p. 63.
3437:
3436:Dodson (1996)
3432:
3424:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3401:, p. 66.
3400:
3399:Dodson (1996)
3395:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3366:Dodson, Peter
3361:
3359:
3357:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3294:Dodson, Peter
3289:
3283:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3091:Protoceratops
3088:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:Udanoceratops
3003:
3002:Bering Strait
2999:
2995:
2986:
2980:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2953:Protoceratops
2950:
2949:scleral rings
2946:
2945:
2944:Protoceratops
2940:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:Protoceratops
2917:
2913:
2905:growth series
2904:
2903:
2902:Protoceratops
2898:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2793:
2785:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2631:Ceratopsoidea
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2548:Protoceratops
2545:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1608:Neoceratopsia
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:Platyceratops
1505:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:Bainoceratops
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1457:Ceratopsoidea
1454:
1453:
1452:Leptoceratops
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1438:Protoceratops
1435:and includes
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:Neoceratopsia
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:, fused neck
1265:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1234:Styracosaurus
1230:
1223:
1222:
1221:Protoceratops
1217:
1210:
1209:
1208:Prenoceratops
1204:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1089:. He alerted
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1016:Styracosaurus
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
963:
959:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:
891:
890:
885:
881:
878:, were small
877:
876:
867:
863:
859:
850:
848:
847:
842:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
811:
810:
805:
804:
799:
795:
792:
789:, during the
788:
784:
780:
779:North America
776:
772:
768:
762:
721:
679:
675:
655:
654:
647:
645:
644:
637:
635:
634:
627:
626:
622:
616:
615:
612:
607:
606:Ceratopsoidea
601:
599:
593:
592:
588:
582:
580:
574:
573:
570:
565:
559:
555:
554:
546:
544:
543:
542:Helioceratops
535:
533:
532:
525:
524:
523:
517:
514:
513:
506:
504:
503:
496:
493:
492:
485:
483:
482:
481:Mosaiceratops
475:
473:
472:
465:
463:
462:
455:
453:
452:
445:
443:
442:
441:Koreaceratops
435:
433:
432:
425:
422:
421:
414:
412:
411:
404:
402:
401:
394:
392:
391:
384:
383:
379:
378:Neoceratopsia
373:
371:
365:
362:
361:
354:
352:
351:
344:
341:
340:
333:
330:
329:
322:
319:
318:
311:
310:
308:
303:
299:
293:
292:
284:
281:
277:
272:
267:
261:
258:
255:
254:
251:
245:
242:
239:
238:
235:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
52:
48:
47:Late Jurassic
40:
37:
33:
19:
5512:Ceratopsians
5431:
5344:
5339:Stellasaurus
5337:
5330:
5323:
5302:
5295:
5290:Coronosaurus
5288:
5283:Centrosaurus
5281:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5204:
5199:Lokiceratops
5197:
5190:
5172:Xenoceratops
5170:
5163:
5158:Sinoceratops
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5066:Nedoceratops
5064:
5057:
5039:Vagaceratops
5037:
5032:Utahceratops
5030:
5025:Terminocavus
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4976:Judiceratops
4974:
4967:
4962:Chasmosaurus
4960:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4854:Ceratopsidae
4841:Ceratopsidae
4772:Ceratopsidae
4761:Zuniceratops
4759:
4752:
4746:Ajkaceratops
4744:
4720:
4713:
4708:Bagaceratops
4706:
4700:Ajkaceratops
4698:
4682:Coronosauria
4669:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4587:Asiaceratops
4585:
4565:
4553:Euceratopsia
4536:Yamaceratops
4534:
4527:
4520:
4500:
4493:
4488:Microceratus
4486:
4481:Liaoceratops
4479:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4437:Ajkaceratops
4435:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4322:
4309:
4268:
4257:Ornithischia
4242:Ornithischia
4194:
4190:Ornithischia
4185:
4176:
4147:
4070:
4065:
4040:
4036:
4023:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3992:
3987:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3768:
3765:Paleobiology
3764:
3751:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3622:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3491:
3486:
3471:
3466:
3457:
3453:
3443:
3431:
3412:
3406:
3394:
3375:
3347:
3320:
3299:
3288:
3278:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3190:(1): 39–49.
3187:
3183:
3170:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3113:Centrosaurus
3112:
3110:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3053:
3045:Notoceratops
3043:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3010:Zuniceratops
3009:
3005:
2990:
2969:Paleoecology
2956:
2952:
2942:
2936:
2928:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2892:Paleobiology
2755:Ceratopsidae
2753:
2752:
2731:
2730:
2702:
2701:
2673:
2672:
2644:
2643:
2629:
2583:
2582:
2561:
2560:
2546:
2516:
2515:
2494:
2493:
2464:Coronosauria
2462:
2385:
2384:
2368:
2367:
2339:
2338:
2310:
2309:
2281:
2280:
2225:
2224:
2203:
2202:
2174:
2173:
2145:
2144:
2109:
2108:
2080:
2079:
2023:
2022:
2001:
2000:
1977:
1976:
1923:
1922:
1901:
1900:
1872:
1871:
1836:
1835:
1807:
1806:
1778:
1777:
1718:
1717:
1696:
1695:
1667:
1666:
1638:
1637:
1606:
1578:
1577:
1556:
1555:
1541:
1531:
1521:Bagaceratops
1519:
1515:Gobiceratops
1513:
1507:
1503:Lamaceratops
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1470:
1466:Zuniceratops
1464:
1461:Ceratopsidae
1456:
1450:
1436:
1417:
1414:Coronosauria
1413:
1405:
1400:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1353:
1339:
1319:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1260:rostral bone
1253:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1174:
1171:Agathaumidae
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:Ceratopsidae
1148:
1142:
1136:
1128:Judith River
1119:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1076:
1073:hadrosaurids
1059:
1051:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1004:Centrosaurus
1002:
970:
968:
920:
893:
889:Centrosaurus
887:
873:
871:
862:Centrosaurus
861:
846:nomen dubium
844:
838:
834:
826:
825:
807:
801:
677:
673:
672:
653:Ceratopsidae
651:
643:Zuniceratops
641:
631:
620:
613:Sereno, 1998
610:
605:
590:Sereno, 1986
587:Coronosauria
586:
568:
564:Euceratopsia
563:
553:Yamaceratops
551:
540:
529:
521:
510:
500:
491:Notoceratops
489:
479:
471:Microceratus
469:
461:Liaoceratops
459:
449:
439:
429:
418:
408:
398:
388:
381:Sereno, 1986
377:
358:
348:
337:
326:
317:Ajkaceratops
315:
289:
280:Type species
265:
256:
240:
224:
218:Ornithischia
208:
195:
138:
56:161–66
42:Ceratopsians
36:
32:Ceratosauria
18:Ceratopsians
5456:Wikispecies
5332:Einiosaurus
5226:Avaceratops
5109:Triceratops
5073:Ojoceratops
4896:Monoclonius
4608:Ferrisaurus
4473:Kulceratops
3601:Palaeoworld
3099:Triceratops
3055:Craspedodon
1471:Triceratops
1354:Triceratops
1315:superfamily
1247:Triceratops
1175:Monoclonius
1163:Monoclonius
1159:Triceratops
1150:Triceratops
1120:Monoclonius
1116:Monoclonius
1111:Monoclonius
1065:F.V. Hayden
1027:epoccipital
1022:Triceratops
895:Triceratops
884:ceratopsids
853:Description
827:Triceratops
771:herbivorous
451:Kulceratops
420:Craspedodon
140:Triceratops
5506:Categories
5462:Ceratopsia
5432:Ceratopsia
5395:See also:
5102:Torosaurus
5018:Spiclypeus
4868:Agathaumas
4781:see below↓
4601:Cerasinops
4389:Stenopelix
4323:Ceratopsia
4310:Ceratopsia
4278:see below↓
4269:Ceratopsia
4181:Dinosauria
4148:Ceratopsia
3887:: 297–302.
3745:: 929–940.
3527:: 248–261.
3460:: 501–506.
3242:Alcheringa
3128:References
3031:Australian
2963:cathemeral
1532:Ceratopsia
1388:Cretaceous
1295:Ceratopsia
1167:Agathaumas
1053:Agathaumas
935:predentary
931:predentary
900:quadrupeds
791:Cretaceous
674:Ceratopsia
609:Hay, 1902
360:Stenopelix
305:Subgroups
266:Ceratopsia
202:Dinosauria
143:skeleton,
4164:Kingdom:
4057:129733977
3689:202867827
3648:: 41–83.
3572:130812960
3262:128686247
3095:sediments
3072:Campanian
3064:Santonian
3058:from the
3050:Argentina
2998:dispersed
2939:nocturnal
1428:vertebrae
1325:Phylogeny
1303:Ceratopia
1268:vertebrae
1078:Trachodon
1062:geologist
1033:in 1889.
983:squamosal
956:squamosal
908:predators
835:-ceratops
775:dinosaurs
773:, beaked
678:Ceratopia
175:Kingdom:
169:Eukaryota
5476:42418284
5441:Wikidata
5407:Category
5397:Timeline
4903:Polyonax
4889:Dysganus
4882:Ceratops
4445:Aquilops
4172:Chordata
4170:Phylum:
4166:Animalia
4017:: 83–93.
3995:No. 113.
3979:21951969
3971:19277598
3924:86541770
3861:33253407
3853:21493820
3785:85280946
3296:(1996).
3220:23743082
3212:21085924
1396:Mongolia
1374:Jurassic
1356:than to
1144:Ceratops
1105:Polyonax
987:parietal
952:parietal
840:Ceratops
798:Jurassic
390:Aquilops
189:Chordata
185:Phylum:
179:Animalia
165:Domain:
49: –
5447:Q131381
5297:Spinops
4615:Gremlin
4403:Yinlong
3951:Bibcode
3833:Bibcode
3825:Science
3552:Bibcode
3192:Bibcode
3150:Bibcode
3121:bonebed
3102:fossils
3068:Belgium
3014:endemic
1410:derived
1369:Yinlong
1344:-based
1087:Wyoming
1069:Montana
991:species
912:display
880:bipedal
567:Madzia
296:Marsh,
5489:147916
4077:
4055:
3977:
3969:
3922:
3859:
3851:
3809:
3783:
3687:
3570:
3506:
3498:
3478:
3419:
3382:
3328:
3308:
3260:
3218:
3210:
3076:Sweden
3042:, and
2994:Albian
2932:rhinos
2912:embryo
1165:, and
1013:, and
943:parrot
794:Period
785:, and
783:Europe
571:, 2021
569:et al.
273:, 1890
4195:Clade
4186:Clade
4177:Clade
4053:S2CID
4033:(PDF)
3975:S2CID
3920:S2CID
3857:S2CID
3781:S2CID
3761:(PDF)
3685:S2CID
3568:S2CID
3258:S2CID
3216:S2CID
3180:(PDF)
3117:herds
3106:fauna
3066:) of
3048:from
1403:clade
1392:China
1364:basal
1342:clade
1291:ópsis
1283:kéras
1279:κέρας
1276:Greek
1272:pubis
1264:roots
1179:frill
947:jugal
923:skull
904:horns
886:like
866:frill
831:genus
767:Greek
611:sensu
271:Marsh
257:Clade
241:Clade
225:Clade
209:Clade
196:Clade
4255:see
4228:see
4075:ISBN
3967:PMID
3849:PMID
3807:ISBN
3504:ISBN
3496:ISBN
3476:ISBN
3417:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3326:ISBN
3306:ISBN
3208:PMID
3089:and
3040:ulna
2955:and
2918:and
1512:and
1486:2019
1477:and
1401:The
1311:ICZN
1287:ὄψῐς
1147:and
1108:and
979:fuse
954:and
892:and
787:Asia
298:1888
64:PreꞒ
5471:EoL
4459:Beg
4045:doi
3959:doi
3912:doi
3879:".
3841:doi
3829:332
3773:doi
3737:".
3716:doi
3712:130
3677:doi
3650:doi
3646:210
3610:doi
3560:doi
3250:doi
3200:doi
3158:doi
3074:of
2951:of
1394:or
1340:In
1130:in
985:or
724:or
676:or
410:Beg
5508::
5486::
5473::
5458::
5443::
4197::
4188::
4179::
4051:.
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