1192:
1179:
2698:
4806:
2557:
4812:
1574:
2579:
1205:
1218:
5362:
2886:
146:
951:
1832:
2306:
1919:
1552:
2199:
2490:
1231:
2141:
1774:
1037:
5392:
2335:
2727:
120:
2749:
2221:
1319:
5368:
1897:
1868:
1663:
2277:
2170:
2105:
1997:
2968:
1692:
2669:
2640:
2019:
1803:
2076:
4084:
847:
1634:
1309:
Following Marsh, Ceratopsia has usually been classified as a suborder within the order
Ornithischia. While ranked taxonomy has largely fallen out of favor among dinosaur paleontologists, some researchers have continued to employ such a classification, though sources have differed on what its rank
2918:
Most restorations of ceratopsians show them with erect hindlimbs but semi-sprawling forelimbs, which suggest that they were not fast movers. But Paul and
Christiansen (2000) argued that at least the later ceratopsians had upright forelimbs and the larger species may have been as fast as
1123:, Montana. Since the ceratopsians had not been recognised yet as a distinctive group, Cope was uncertain about much of the fossil material, not recognizing the nasal horn core, nor the brow horns, as part of a fossil horn. The frill bone was interpreted as a part of the breastbone.
2898:
Unlike almost all other dinosaur groups, skulls are the most commonly preserved elements of ceratopsian skeletons and many species are known only from skulls. There is a great deal of variation between and even within ceratopsian species. Complete growth series from
2971:
Ceratopsian fossil discoveries. The presence of
Jurassic ceratopsians only in Asia indicates an Asian origin for the group, while the more derived ceratopsids occur only in North America save for one Asian species. Questionable remains are indicated with
990:), being elliptical with constricted bases in the former group, and triangular with wide bases in the latter group. Within these broad definitions, different species would have somewhat different shapes and numbers. In centrosaurines especially, like
1419:
to support the increasingly heavy head. Within
Coronosauria, three groups are generally recognized, although the membership of these groups varies somewhat from study to study and some coronosaurs may not fit in any of them. One group can be called
1513:. While there were many unresolved areas of the strict consensus, including all of Leptoceratopsidae, a single most parsimonious tree was found that was most consistent with the relative ages of the taxa included, which is shown below.
907:, the attachment of large neck and chewing muscles or some combination of the above. Ceratopsians ranged in size from 1 meter (3.3 feet) and 23 kilograms (51 pounds) to over 9 meters (30 feet) and 9,100 kg (20,100 lb).
1085:, who led a dig to recover the partial skeleton. Cope recognized the remains as a dinosaur, but noted that even though the fossil lacked a skull, it was different from any type of dinosaur then known. He named the new species
938:
bones below the eye are prominent, flaring out sideways to make the skull appear somewhat triangular when viewed from above. This triangular appearance is accentuated in later ceratopsians by the rearwards extension of the
3863:
Chinnery, B.J.; Lipka, T.R.; Kirkland, J.I.; Parrish, J.M.; Brett-Surman, M.K. (1998). "Neoceratopsian teeth from the Lower to Middle
Cretaceous of North America. In: Lucas, S.G., Kirkland, J.I., & Estep, J.W. (Eds.).
3112:
finds with the remains of many individuals of different ages. Like modern migratory herds, they would have had a significant effect on their environment, as well as serving as a major food source for predators.
2980:
Ceratopsia appears to have originated in Asia, as all of the earliest members are found there. Fragmentary remains, including teeth, which appear to be neoceratopsian, are found in North
America from the
3656:
Morschhauser, E.M.; You, H.; Li, D.; Dodson, P. (2019). "Phylogenetic history of
Auroraceratops rugosus (Ceratopsia: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China".
3005:
to that continent. The traditional view that ceratopsoids originated in North
America was called into question by the 2009 discovery of better specimens of the dubious Asian form
3059:
may also be a ceratopsian, specifically a neoceratopsian closer to ceratopsoidea than protoceratopsidae. Possible leptoceratopsid remains have also been described from the early
3129:
Fonseca, A. O.; Reid, I. J.; Venner, A.; Duncan, R. J.; Garcia, M. S.; Müller, R. T. (2024). "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution".
3093:
are far and away the most common dinosaur remains found in the latest
Cretaceous rocks in the western United States, making up as much as 5/6ths of the large dinosaur
3587:
Zhao; Gao; Fox; Du (2007). "Endocranial morphology of psittacosaurs (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) based on CT scans of new fossils from the Lower
Cretaceous, China".
4099:
3313:
Holtz, Thomas R., Jr.; Rey, Luis V. (2007). Dinosaurs: the most complete, up-to-date encyclopedia for dinosaur lovers of all ages. New York: Random House.
1310:
should be. Most who still employ the use of ranks have retained its traditional ranking of suborder, though some have reduced to the level of infraorder.
1049:
The first ceratopsian remains known to science were discovered during the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories led by the American
1008:, these bones become long and spike- or hook-like. A well-known example is the coarse sawtooth fringe of broad triangular epoccipitals on the frill of
1387:. The rostral bone and flared jugals are already present in all of these forms, indicating that even earlier ceratopsians remain to be discovered.
1070:. It was not until the early 20th century that some of these were recognized as ceratopsian teeth. During another of Hayden's expeditions in 1872,
3225:
Rich, Thomas H.; Kear, Benjamin P.; Sinclair, Robert; Chinnery, Brenda; Carpenter, Kenneth; McHugh, Mary L.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia (2014). "
1299:
1091:, meaning "marvellous forest-dweller". Soon after, Cope named two more dinosaurs that would eventually come to be recognized as ceratopsids:
982:. Epoccipitals probably were present in all known ceratopsids. They appear to have been broadly different between short-frilled ceratopsids (
1473:
All previously published neoceratopsian phylogenetic analyses were incorporated into the analysis of Eric M. Morschhauser and colleagues in
5515:
1294:. However, this spelling, while technically correct, has been used only rarely in the scientific literature, and the vast majority of
802:
5505:
3359:
1107:
was notable for the number of disassociated remains found, including the first evidence of ceratopsid horns and frills. Several
3629:
Sereno, P.C. (1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with applications to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria".
978:
bones that make up the base of the frill. These bones were ornamental instead of functional, and may have helped differentiate
3011:, which may it as a ceratopsid. It is unknown whether this would indicates ceratopsids actually originated in Asia, or if the
4148:
3496:
3409:
3372:
3318:
3298:
914:. On the tip of a ceratopsian upper jaw is the rostral bone, an edentulous (toothless) ossification, unique to ceratopsians.
4127:
1263:. Marsh considered the group distinct enough to warrant its own suborder within Ornithischia. The name is derived from the
5510:
4805:
133:
1191:
1178:
4067:
3799:
3488:
3468:
3287:
2997:, which may represent a separate dispersal event, back into Asia. Ceratopsids and their immediate ancestors, such as
4811:
922:
bone on the lower jaw. This ossification evolved to morphologically aid the chewing of plant matter. Along with the
5385:
1031:
838:
today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians.
3904:
3765:
3400:
Makovicky, Peter J. (2012). "Marginocephalia". In M. K. Brett-Surman; Thomas R. Holtz; James O. Farlow (eds.).
3097:
in some areas. These facts indicate that some ceratopsians were the dominant herbivores in their environments.
1323:
3998:
Dollo, 1883 from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium: the first record of a neoceratopsian dinosaur in Europe?".
3812:
Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology".
3335:
You H. & Dodson, P. 2004. Basal Ceratopsia. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., & Osmolska, H. (Eds.).
2551:
1686:
1479:
895:
and frills extending over the neck. While these frills might have served to protect the vulnerable neck from
3270:
2484:
2300:
2135:
1913:
3790:: A Nocturnal Ceratopsian?", In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and David A. Eberth (eds),
5361:
2271:
2215:
2070:
1967:
1568:
3980:
Rich, T.H. & Vickers-Rich, P. 2003. Protoceratopsian? ulnae from the Early Cretaceous of Australia.
4017:
Lindgren, Johan; Currie, Philip J.; Siverson, M.; Rees, J.; Cederström, Peter; Lindgren, Filip (2007).
2697:
2013:
1797:
1112:
1053:
145:
1282:
meaning 'appearance, view' and by extension 'face'. As early as the 1960s, it was noted that the name
4093:
2692:
2663:
2375:
2164:
1415:. Coronosaurs show the first development of the neck frill and the fusion of the first several neck
4218:
4120:
2993:
by the middle of the Cretaceous Period. Almost all leptoceratopsids are North American, aside from
2358:
3508:
Cope, E.D. (1876). "Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana".
1014:. When regarding the ossification's morphogenetic traits, it can be described as dermal. The term
4336:
2193:
1826:
1546:
1287:
327:
5477:
1146:
and the order Ceratopsia. This prompted Cope to reexamine his own specimens and to realize that
5412:
4060:
The Dinosaur Heresies: New Theories Unlocking The Mystery of the Dinosaurs and Their Extinction
2573:
2099:
1891:
1166:
as a horned dinosaur, with a large nasal horn and two smaller horns over the eyes, and a large
1071:
1252:
818:
is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public. It is traditional for ceratopsian
5500:
5472:
5395:
4245:
2721:
2329:
1657:
1352:
1334:
1244:
1127:
1019:
915:
259:
5367:
2556:
1247:
in 1890 to include dinosaurs possessing certain characteristic features, including horns, a
5459:
5450:
3939:
3821:
3540:
3180:
3138:
2986:
2506:
1991:
1768:
1708:
1477:, along with all previously published diagnostic species excluding the incomplete juvenile
1474:
286:
3891:
gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Neoceratopsia) from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana".
1462:
and all the large North American ceratopsians and is further divided into the subfamilies
8:
4501:
4113:
2634:
1862:
1082:
797:
3943:
3825:
3544:
3184:
3142:
5221:
5171:
4603:
4041:
3963:
3908:
3845:
3769:
3708:
3673:
3556:
3246:
3204:
1573:
1347:
140:
4018:
4000:
Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre
3746:
3268:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
5304:
5242:
5205:
4679:
4566:
4063:
4045:
4037:
3955:
3837:
3795:
3677:
3560:
3492:
3484:
3464:
3405:
3368:
3314:
3294:
3250:
3196:
3165:
3023:
2578:
2463:
2056:
1431:
1421:
1412:
900:
586:
567:
500:
279:
3967:
3912:
3849:
3792:
New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium
3773:
3747:"Forelimb posture in neoceratopsian dinosaurs: implications for gait and locomotion"
3722:
Dodson, P (1976). "Quantitative aspects of relative growth and sexual dimorphism in
3642:
3529:"Additional characters of the Ceratopsidae, with notice of new Cretaceous dinosaurs"
3208:
1204:
5334:
5132:
4957:
4659:
4354:
4088:
4033:
3947:
3900:
3829:
3761:
3704:
3665:
3638:
3598:
3548:
3238:
3188:
3146:
3083:
1614:
1372:
998:
904:
782:
716:
672:
358:
3669:
3150:
1217:
5228:
5180:
5139:
5075:
4978:
4929:
4631:
4555:
4510:
4384:
4370:
4329:
4203:
4187:
3602:
3242:
3048:
1338:
1120:
795:, lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago. The last ceratopsian species,
519:
419:
316:
238:
39:
5235:
5194:
5125:
5112:
5083:
5068:
5038:
4999:
4985:
4902:
4863:
4742:
4652:
4617:
4610:
4490:
4440:
4363:
4343:
3007:
2946:
2937:
1628:
1531:
1467:
1463:
1407:
1367:
1303:
1295:
1183:
1079:
987:
983:
963:
892:
863:
791:
621:
490:
388:
338:
222:
3951:
3552:
3229:
Rich & Vickers-Rich, 2003 is an Australian Early Cretaceous ceratopsian".
3192:
2885:
5494:
5435:
5313:
5292:
5262:
5253:
5153:
5047:
4992:
4971:
4943:
4936:
4922:
4915:
4721:
4710:
4703:
4645:
4638:
4624:
4582:
4517:
4483:
4454:
4407:
4016:
2990:
2973:
2932:
2890:
2619:
2536:
2305:
1918:
1831:
1596:
1551:
1497:
1485:
1440:
1435:
1426:
1264:
1222:
1209:
1196:
1004:
975:
950:
940:
767:
755:
530:
469:
429:
77:
35:
3833:
3367:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 494–513.
3353:
2198:
5327:
5278:
5271:
5187:
5160:
5146:
5054:
5027:
5020:
5013:
4964:
4950:
4842:
4829:
4760:
4749:
4734:
4696:
4688:
4670:
4575:
4541:
4524:
4476:
4469:
4425:
4230:
4178:
3959:
3841:
3354:
3282:
3200:
3033:
2743:
2489:
2452:
1509:
1503:
1491:
1454:
1449:
1398:
1260:
1248:
1159:
1143:
1116:
992:
967:
927:
877:
872:
834:
826:", although this is not always the case. One of the first named genera was
641:
631:
541:
479:
459:
449:
305:
268:
206:
20:
3695:
Osborn (Ceratopsia: Psittacosauridae) inferred from long bone histology".
1239:, a chasmosaurinae ceratopsid and one of the last and largest ceratopsians
5444:
5320:
5214:
5097:
5061:
4884:
4596:
4461:
3589:
3043:
2140:
1773:
1235:
1230:
1138:
1099:
1061:
1010:
883:
439:
408:
128:
52:
3163:
2334:
1036:
5090:
5006:
4856:
4589:
4377:
2951:
2920:
2726:
1376:
1167:
1087:
1041:
923:
919:
854:
779:
348:
97:
62:
2748:
2220:
832:
itself, which lent its name to the group, although it is considered a
119:
3339:(2nd Edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 478-493.
3060:
3052:
3038:
3019:
2927:
1318:
1074:
found several giant bones protruding from a hillside in southwestern
1066:
1050:
971:
944:
896:
888:
759:
157:
102:
46:
5406:
3528:
3438:
3363:. In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.).
2985:
stage (112 to 100 million years ago), indicating that the group had
1896:
1867:
1662:
1158:
all represented a single group of similar dinosaurs, which he named
918:
recognized and named this bone, which acts as a mirror image of the
807:
5429:
4891:
4877:
4870:
4433:
4169:
4160:
3002:
3001:, were unknown outside of western North America, and were presumed
2912:
2276:
2169:
2104:
1996:
1416:
1384:
1362:
1256:
1132:
1093:
828:
786:
763:
378:
190:
177:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
2967:
2668:
2639:
2018:
1802:
1691:
1401:
than psittacosaurids. Another subset of neoceratopsians is called
5464:
5285:
4447:
4391:
3109:
3056:
1507:
that are very closely related to and potentially synonymous with
1357:
1075:
1057:
979:
853:, with large nasal horn and bony processes over the front of the
398:
107:
82:
3164:
Lee, Yuong-Nam; Ryan, Michael J.; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugo (2010).
2075:
4154:
3994:
Godefroit, Pascal; Lambert, Olivier (2007). "A re-appraisal of
3090:
3064:
3018:
Possible ceratopsians from the Southern Hemisphere include the
2982:
2950:
and modern birds and reptiles indicate that they may have been
2900:
931:
846:
771:
167:
3510:
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
962:. The name is a misnomer, as they are not associated with the
725:
681:
4105:
3104:
and its relatives, appear to have been gregarious, living in
3094:
1633:
1391:
1380:
1330:
935:
911:
868:
819:
3862:
3041:
is known from a single toothless jaw (which has been lost).
3905:
10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0572:doppge]2.0.co;2
3766:
10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0450:FPINDI>2.0.CO;2
3631:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen
3105:
3028:
2930:
lifestyle has been suggested for the primitive ceratopsian
1405:, which either includes all ceratopsians more derived than
775:
746:
743:
737:
728:
705:
702:
684:
3744:
2923:, which can run at up to 56 km or 35 miles per hour.
693:
3993:
3870:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
3082:
are the most common dinosaurs in the different Mongolian
3691:
Erickson, G.M.; Tumanova, T.A. (2000). "Growth curve of
3463:. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 300 pp.
3224:
4019:"The first neoceratopsian dinosaur remains from Europe"
3655:
3404:(2nd ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 540.
3128:
1142:. In 1890 Marsh classified them together in the family
910:
Ceratopsians are easily recognized by features of the
3811:
1430:
and its closest relatives, all Asian. Another group,
1130:
described the first well preserved horned dinosaurs,
958:
The neck frills of ceratopsids are surrounded by the
722:
719:
699:
678:
675:
3786:
Longrich, N. (2010). "The Function of Large Eyes in
3418:
740:
734:
696:
690:
637:
627:
617:
606:
591:
583:
572:
564:
549:
536:
525:
515:
507:
496:
486:
475:
465:
455:
445:
435:
425:
415:
404:
394:
384:
374:
363:
355:
344:
334:
323:
312:
301:
275:
3381:
3357:; Forster, Catherine. A; Sampson, Scott D. (2004).
731:
687:
3866:Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems
3577:(Part 15). Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 87pp.
3573:Steel, R. 1969. Ornithischia. In: Kuhn, O. (Ed.).
3459:Hatcher, J.B., Marsh, O.C. and Lull, R.S. (1907).
3358:
3286:
926:bone, which forms the tip of the lower jaw in all
4096:, University of California Museum of Paleontology
3649:
3166:"The first ceratopsian dinosaur from South Korea"
1379:Period, all of which were discovered in northern
947:bones of the skull roof, to form the neck frill.
785:, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the
5492:
3690:
2954:, active throughout the day at short intervals.
1056:. Teeth discovered during an 1855 expedition to
861:Early members of the ceratopsian group, such as
3745:Paul, G.S.; Christiansen, P. (September 2000).
3293:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
4202:
3987:
4121:
3925:
3880:
3856:
3473:
3349:
3347:
3345:
1337:, Ceratopsia is often defined to include all
1045:was the first recognized genus of ceratopsian
954:Known skin integument of several ceratopsians
3586:
3453:
3262:
3260:
966:. Epoccipitals begin as separate bones that
4840:
4052:
3930:—the first ceratopsid dinosaur from Asia".
3715:
3622:
3609:
3220:
3218:
4128:
4114:
3567:
3520:
3430:
3342:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3275:
118:
3974:
3919:
3738:
3697:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3399:
3257:
3100:Some species of ceratopsians, especially
1438:animals that are more closely related to
970:during the animal's growth to either the
3886:
3439:"The skull of the gigantic Ceratopsidae"
3215:
2966:
2884:
1317:
1302:does not govern taxa above the level of
1229:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1177:
1111:fossils were found by Cope, assisted by
1035:
949:
845:
3617:Vertebrate Palaeontology, Third Edition
3324:
3289:The Horned Dinosaurs: A Natural History
3157:
5493:
3721:
3628:
3424:
3387:
3281:
5411:
5410:
4827:
4296:
4147:
4109:
3982:Records of the Queen Victoria Museum.
3526:
3436:
803:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
3926:Sues, H.-D.; Averianov, A. (2009). "
3887:Chinnery, B (2005). "Description of
3794:, Indiana University Press, 656 pp.
3507:
2962:
930:, the rostral forms a superficially
5516:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
4062:. William Morrow:New York, p. 438.
3131:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
2936:. However, comparisons between the
1298:continue to use Ceratopsia. As the
1025:
899:, they may also have been used for
13:
3893:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3709:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02201.x
3658:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3483:. Utah Geological Survey, 554 pp.
3070:
1351:. Under this definition, the most
871:animals. Later members, including
789:. The earliest known ceratopsian,
134:American Museum of Natural History
14:
5527:
4075:
1452:and closely related animals like
1173:
5391:
5390:
5366:
5360:
4828:
4810:
4804:
4094:Introduction to the Ceratopsians
4082:
4038:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00690.x
3227:Serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei
2747:
2725:
2696:
2667:
2638:
2577:
2555:
2488:
2333:
2304:
2275:
2219:
2197:
2168:
2139:
2103:
2074:
2017:
1995:
1917:
1895:
1866:
1830:
1801:
1772:
1690:
1661:
1632:
1572:
1550:
1032:Timeline of ceratopsian research
986:) and long-frilled ceratopsids (
758:: "horned faces") is a group of
715:
671:
144:
50:
5506:Late Jurassic first appearances
4010:
3805:
3780:
3684:
3619:. Blackwell Publishing, 472 pp.
3580:
3501:
3481:Vertebrate Paleontology In Utah
3393:
3015:immigrated from North America.
2957:
2880:
1458:. Ceratopsidae itself includes
1397:includes all ceratopsians more
891:and developed elaborate facial
4297:
4135:
3307:
3122:
1324:Natural History Museum of Utah
1306:, this is unlikely to change.
1064:and included within the genus
841:
1:
3670:10.1080/02724634.2018.1509866
3575:Handbuch de Paleoherpetologie
3151:10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577
3116:
2552:Protoceratops hellenikorhinus
1687:Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis
1480:Archaeoceratops yujingziensis
1018:was coined by paleontologist
766:that thrived in what are now
16:Extinct suborder of Dinosaurs
3603:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.002
3266:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011)
3243:10.1080/03115518.2014.894809
2485:Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi
2301:Montanoceratops cerorhynchus
2136:Ischioceratops zhuchengensis
1914:Graciliceratops mongoliensis
1313:
1226:, a centrosaurine ceratopsid
801:, became extinct during the
7:
3693:Psittacosaurus mongoliensis
3533:American Journal of Science
3443:American Journal of Science
2272:Koreaceratops hwaseongensis
2216:Zhuchengceratops inexpectus
2071:Helioceratops brachygnathus
1968:Asiaceratops salsopaludalis
1569:Psittacosaurus mongoliensis
1483:and the problematic genera
10:
5532:
4102:at Palaeos.com (technical)
3437:Marsh, Othniel C. (1889).
2014:Yamaceratops dorngobiensis
1798:Liaoceratops yanzigouensis
1162:in 1891. Cope redescribed
1115:, in summer 1876 near the
1113:Charles Hazelius Sternberg
1029:
613:Wolfe & Kirkland, 1998
18:
5511:Maastrichtian extinctions
5419:
5380:
5358:
5303:
5261:
5252:
5204:
5170:
5120:
5111:
5037:
4910:
4901:
4851:
4836:
4823:
4801:
4759:
4729:
4720:
4678:
4669:
4565:
4550:
4539:
4500:
4420:
4416:
4405:
4353:
4324:
4320:
4309:
4305:
4292:
4256:
4238:
4229:
4211:
4198:
4143:
3952:10.1007/s00114-009-0518-9
3928:Turanoceratops tardabilis
3889:Prenoceratops pieganensis
3643:10.1127/njgpa/210/1998/41
3553:10.2475/ajs.s3-39.233.418
3193:10.1007/s00114-010-0739-y
2740:
2718:
2711:
2693:Turanoceratops tardabilis
2689:
2682:
2664:Zuniceratops christopheri
2660:
2653:
2631:
2624:
2570:
2548:
2541:
2529:
2503:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2457:
2376:Unescoceratops kopelhusae
2372:
2355:
2348:
2326:
2319:
2297:
2290:
2268:
2261:
2212:
2190:
2183:
2165:Prenoceratops pieganensis
2161:
2154:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2096:
2089:
2067:
2060:
2050:
2010:
1988:
1981:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1910:
1888:
1881:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1823:
1816:
1794:
1787:
1765:
1758:
1705:
1683:
1676:
1654:
1647:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1601:
1565:
1543:
1536:
1524:
1322:Ceratopsid skulls at the
1259:, and a forward-oriented
1243:Ceratopsia was coined by
298:
293:
274:
267:
141:Scientific classification
139:
126:
117:
30:
2911:, allowing the study of
2359:Gryphoceratops morrisoni
1341:more closely related to
19:Not to be confused with
4337:Micropachycephalosaurus
3834:10.1126/science.1200043
3728:Journal of Paleontology
3664:(Supplement): 117–147.
3479:Gillette, D.D. (1999).
3108:. This is suggested by
2989:across what is now the
2903:to adult are known for
2194:Udanoceratops tchizhovi
1827:Archaeoceratops oshimai
1547:Psittacosaurus sinensis
1411:, or more derived than
1355:known ceratopsians are
1060:were first assigned to
328:Micropachycephalosaurus
3996:Craspedodon lonzeensis
3086:where they are found.
2977:
2895:
2574:Protoceratops andrewsi
2100:Leptoceratops gracilis
1892:Auroraceratops rugosus
1448:, includes the family
1326:
1290:and that it should be
1286:is actually incorrect
1240:
1227:
1214:
1201:
1188:
1187:, an early ceratopsian
1072:Fielding Bradford Meek
1046:
955:
934:-like beak. Also, the
858:
5473:Paleobiology Database
4058:Bakker, R.T. (1986).
3615:Benton, M.J. (2004).
3402:The Complete Dinosaur
3271:Winter 2010 Appendix.
2970:
2913:ontogenetic variation
2888:
2722:Diabloceratops eatoni
2330:Cerasinops hodgskissi
1658:Chaoyangsaurus youngi
1335:phylogenetic taxonomy
1321:
1245:Othniel Charles Marsh
1233:
1220:
1207:
1194:
1181:
1128:Othniel Charles Marsh
1088:Agathaumas sylvestris
1039:
1020:Othniel Charles Marsh
953:
916:Othniel Charles Marsh
857:. Museum of Victoria.
849:
4089:Dinosaurs portal
3527:Marsh, O.C. (1890).
2507:Magnirostris dodsoni
1992:Mosaiceratops azumai
1769:Stenopelix valdensis
1709:Xuanhuaceratops niei
887:, became very large
4502:Archaeoceratopsidae
3944:2009NW.....96..645S
3932:Naturwissenschaften
3826:2011Sci...332..705S
3545:1890AmJS...39..418M
3185:2011NW.....98...39L
3173:Naturwissenschaften
3143:2024JSPal..2246577F
2635:Ajkaceratops kozmai
1863:Aquilops americanus
1444:. The third group,
1365:Period, along with
1274:meaning 'horn' and
1213:, a protoceratopsid
1200:, a leptoceratopsid
1083:Edward Drinker Cope
798:Triceratops prorsus
511:Archaeoceratopsidae
5222:Crittendenceratops
5172:Albertaceratopsini
2978:
2915:in these species.
2896:
1434:, includes mostly
1348:Pachycephalosaurus
1327:
1241:
1228:
1215:
1202:
1189:
1126:In 1888 and 1889,
1047:
956:
859:
5488:
5487:
5413:Taxon identifiers
5404:
5403:
5376:
5375:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5305:Pachyrhinosaurini
5243:Yehuecauhceratops
5206:Nasutoceratopsini
5107:
5106:
4819:
4818:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4680:Protoceratopsidae
4567:Leptoceratopsidae
4535:
4534:
4401:
4400:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4275:
3497:978-1-55791-634-1
3411:978-0-253-35701-4
3374:978-0-520-24209-8
3319:978-0-375-82419-7
3300:978-0-691-02882-8
3024:Serendipaceratops
2963:Paleobiogeography
2877:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2822:
2814:
2813:
2805:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2518:
2517:
2464:Protoceratopsidae
2441:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2057:Leptoceratopsidae
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1585:
1584:
1432:Leptoceratopsidae
1422:Protoceratopsidae
1413:Leptoceratopsidae
1375:, from the Early
1339:marginocephalians
1251:, teeth with two
960:epoccipital bones
822:names to end in "
810:million years ago
660:
659:
614:
603:
587:Protoceratopsidae
580:
568:Leptoceratopsidae
561:
501:Serendipaceratops
371:
280:Ceratops montanus
263:
5523:
5481:
5480:
5468:
5467:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5408:
5407:
5394:
5393:
5371:
5370:
5364:
5335:Pachyrhinosaurus
5259:
5258:
5133:Machairoceratops
5118:
5117:
4958:Coahuilaceratops
4908:
4907:
4849:
4848:
4838:
4837:
4825:
4824:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4727:
4726:
4676:
4675:
4660:Zhuchengceratops
4548:
4547:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4355:Chaoyangsauridae
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4307:
4306:
4294:
4293:
4236:
4235:
4209:
4208:
4200:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4145:
4144:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4070:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4023:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3991:
3985:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3809:
3803:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3751:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3626:
3620:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3584:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3539:(233): 418–429.
3524:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3499:
3477:
3471:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3362:
3351:
3340:
3333:
3322:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3292:
3279:
3273:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3170:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3126:
3027:, known from an
2751:
2729:
2714:
2713:
2700:
2685:
2684:
2671:
2656:
2655:
2642:
2627:
2626:
2581:
2559:
2544:
2543:
2532:
2531:
2492:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2351:
2350:
2337:
2322:
2321:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2279:
2264:
2263:
2223:
2201:
2186:
2185:
2172:
2157:
2156:
2143:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2107:
2092:
2091:
2078:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2021:
1999:
1984:
1983:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1921:
1899:
1884:
1883:
1870:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1834:
1819:
1818:
1805:
1790:
1789:
1776:
1761:
1760:
1694:
1679:
1678:
1665:
1650:
1649:
1636:
1621:
1620:
1615:Chaoyangsauridae
1611:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1576:
1554:
1539:
1538:
1527:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1373:Psittacosauridae
1361:, from the Late
1026:History of study
999:Pachyrhinosaurus
905:thermoregulation
811:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
712:
711:
708:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
639:
629:
619:
612:
608:
597:
593:
585:
578:
574:
566:
555:
551:
538:
527:
517:
509:
498:
488:
477:
467:
457:
447:
437:
427:
417:
406:
396:
386:
376:
369:
365:
359:Chaoyangsauridae
357:
346:
336:
325:
314:
303:
277:
258:
253:
237:
221:
205:
149:
148:
122:
112:
49:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5476:
5471:
5463:
5458:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5415:
5405:
5400:
5372:
5365:
5340:
5299:
5248:
5229:Furcatoceratops
5200:
5181:Albertaceratops
5166:
5140:Menefeeceratops
5103:
5076:Tatankaceratops
5033:
4979:Mercuriceratops
4930:Arrhinoceratops
4897:
4845:
4832:
4815:
4803:
4775:
4755:
4716:
4665:
4632:Montanoceratops
4561:
4556:Graciliceratops
4544:
4531:
4511:Archaeoceratops
4496:
4410:
4397:
4385:Xuanhuaceratops
4371:Hualianceratops
4349:
4330:Albalophosaurus
4314:
4301:
4272:
4252:
4225:
4219:Avemetatarsalia
4204:Avemetatarsalia
4194:
4188:Marginocephalia
4150:
4149:
4139:
4134:
4100:Marginocephalia
4083:
4081:
4078:
4073:
4057:
4053:
4021:
4015:
4011:
3992:
3988:
3979:
3975:
3924:
3920:
3885:
3881:
3861:
3857:
3820:(6030): 705–8.
3810:
3806:
3785:
3781:
3749:
3743:
3739:
3720:
3716:
3689:
3685:
3654:
3650:
3627:
3623:
3614:
3610:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3568:
3525:
3521:
3506:
3502:
3478:
3474:
3458:
3454:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3325:
3312:
3308:
3301:
3280:
3276:
3265:
3258:
3223:
3216:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3073:
3071:Ecological role
3049:Late Cretaceous
2965:
2960:
2883:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2519:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2040:
2031:
1940:
1931:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1586:
1371:and the family
1316:
1296:paleontologists
1176:
1121:Chouteau County
1034:
1028:
844:
806:
718:
714:
674:
670:
610:Ceratopsomorpha
520:Archaeoceratops
420:Graciliceratops
317:Albalophosaurus
289:
283:
257:
251:
239:Marginocephalia
235:
219:
203:
143:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
44:
43:
40:Late Cretaceous
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5529:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5469:
5456:
5441:
5425:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5388:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5309:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5267:
5265:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5239:
5236:Nasutoceratops
5232:
5225:
5218:
5210:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5195:Medusaceratops
5191:
5184:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5126:Diabloceratops
5121:
5115:
5113:Centrosaurinae
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5084:Titanoceratops
5080:
5072:
5069:Regaliceratops
5065:
5058:
5051:
5043:
5041:
5039:Triceratopsini
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
5000:Sierraceratops
4996:
4989:
4986:Navajoceratops
4982:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4911:
4905:
4903:Chasmosaurinae
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4864:Brachyceratops
4860:
4852:
4846:
4841:
4834:
4833:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4743:Turanoceratops
4739:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4684:
4682:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4656:
4653:Unescoceratops
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4618:Ischioceratops
4614:
4611:Gryphoceratops
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4571:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4514:
4506:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4491:Sasayamagnomus
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4441:Auroraceratops
4437:
4430:
4421:
4411:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4364:Chaoyangsaurus
4359:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4344:Psittacosaurus
4340:
4333:
4325:
4315:
4310:
4303:
4302:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4254:
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4239:
4233:
4227:
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4224:
4223:
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4221:
4212:
4206:
4196:
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4190:
4181:
4172:
4163:
4157:
4141:
4140:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4077:
4076:External links
4074:
4072:
4071:
4051:
4032:(4): 929–937.
4009:
3986:
3973:
3938:(5): 645–652.
3918:
3899:(3): 572–590.
3879:
3855:
3804:
3779:
3760:(3): 450–465.
3737:
3714:
3703:(4): 551–566.
3683:
3648:
3621:
3608:
3597:(4): 285–293.
3579:
3566:
3519:
3500:
3472:
3461:The Ceratopsia
3452:
3445:. 3rd Series.
3429:
3417:
3410:
3392:
3380:
3373:
3365:The Dinosauria
3360:"Ceratopsidae"
3341:
3337:The Dinosauria
3323:
3306:
3299:
3274:
3256:
3237:(4): 456–479.
3214:
3156:
3137:(1). 2346577.
3120:
3118:
3115:
3076:Psittacosaurus
3072:
3069:
3013:Turanoceratops
3008:Turanoceratops
2974:question marks
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2947:Psittacosaurus
2905:Psittacosaurus
2882:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
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2226:
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2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2095:
2090:
2088:
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2084:
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2080:
2066:
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2009:
2006:
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2002:
2001:
1987:
1982:
1980:
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1671:
1668:
1667:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1629:Yinlong downsi
1624:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1532:Psittacosaurus
1525:
1523:
1515:
1468:Chasmosaurinae
1464:Centrosaurinae
1436:North American
1408:Auroraceratops
1368:Chaoyangsaurus
1315:
1312:
1288:linguistically
1184:Psittacosaurus
1175:
1174:Classification
1172:
1080:paleontologist
1030:Main article:
1027:
1024:
988:chasmosaurines
984:centrosaurines
964:occipital bone
928:ornithischians
864:Psittacosaurus
843:
840:
792:Yinlong downsi
658:
657:
656:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
650:
649:
648:
647:
646:
645:
635:
625:
622:Turanoceratops
589:
570:
547:
546:
545:
534:
523:
505:
494:
491:Sasayamagnomus
484:
473:
463:
453:
443:
433:
423:
413:
402:
392:
389:Auroraceratops
382:
361:
353:
342:
339:Psittacosaurus
332:
321:
310:
296:
295:
291:
290:
284:
272:
271:
265:
264:
249:
242:
241:
233:
226:
225:
223:Neornithischia
217:
210:
209:
201:
194:
193:
188:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5528:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5442:
5437:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5409:
5397:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5369:
5363:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5314:Achelousaurus
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5295:
5294:
5293:Styracosaurus
5290:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5263:Centrosaurini
5260:
5257:
5255:
5254:Eucentrosaura
5251:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5154:Wendiceratops
5151:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5048:Eotriceratops
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4993:Pentaceratops
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4972:Kosmoceratops
4969:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4944:Bravoceratops
4941:
4939:
4938:
4937:Bisticeratops
4934:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4923:Anchiceratops
4920:
4918:
4917:
4916:Agujaceratops
4913:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4813:
4807:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:Ceratopsoidea
4719:
4713:
4712:
4711:Protoceratops
4708:
4706:
4705:
4704:Breviceratops
4701:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4646:Udanoceratops
4643:
4641:
4640:
4639:Prenoceratops
4636:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4625:Leptoceratops
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4583:Bainoceratops
4580:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4518:Helioceratops
4515:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4484:Mosaiceratops
4481:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4455:Koreaceratops
4452:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4408:Neoceratopsia
4404:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4080:
4079:
4069:
4068:0-14-010055-5
4065:
4061:
4055:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4026:Palaeontology
4020:
4013:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3977:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3800:0-253-35358-0
3797:
3793:
3789:
3788:Protoceratops
3783:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3724:Protoceratops
3718:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3576:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3489:1-55791-634-9
3486:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3469:0-405-12713-8
3466:
3462:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3427:, p. 63.
3426:
3425:Dodson (1996)
3421:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3390:, p. 66.
3389:
3388:Dodson (1996)
3384:
3376:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:Dodson, Peter
3350:
3348:
3346:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3302:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3284:
3283:Dodson, Peter
3278:
3272:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3080:Protoceratops
3077:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2995:Udanoceratops
2992:
2991:Bering Strait
2988:
2984:
2975:
2969:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2942:Protoceratops
2939:
2938:scleral rings
2935:
2934:
2933:Protoceratops
2929:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:Protoceratops
2906:
2902:
2894:growth series
2893:
2892:
2891:Protoceratops
2887:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2620:Ceratopsoidea
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2537:Protoceratops
2534:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1597:Neoceratopsia
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1498:Platyceratops
1494:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1486:Bainoceratops
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1446:Ceratopsoidea
1443:
1442:
1441:Leptoceratops
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1427:Protoceratops
1424:and includes
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:Neoceratopsia
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:, fused neck
1254:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1223:Styracosaurus
1219:
1212:
1211:
1210:Protoceratops
1206:
1199:
1198:
1197:Prenoceratops
1193:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1078:. He alerted
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1005:Styracosaurus
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
952:
948:
946:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:
880:
879:
874:
870:
867:, were small
866:
865:
856:
852:
848:
839:
837:
836:
831:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
784:
781:
778:, during the
777:
773:
769:
768:North America
765:
761:
757:
751:
710:
668:
664:
644:
643:
636:
634:
633:
626:
624:
623:
616:
615:
611:
605:
604:
601:
596:
595:Ceratopsoidea
590:
588:
582:
581:
577:
571:
569:
563:
562:
559:
554:
548:
544:
543:
535:
533:
532:
531:Helioceratops
524:
522:
521:
514:
513:
512:
506:
503:
502:
495:
493:
492:
485:
482:
481:
474:
472:
471:
470:Mosaiceratops
464:
462:
461:
454:
452:
451:
444:
442:
441:
434:
432:
431:
430:Koreaceratops
424:
422:
421:
414:
411:
410:
403:
401:
400:
393:
391:
390:
383:
381:
380:
373:
372:
368:
367:Neoceratopsia
362:
360:
354:
351:
350:
343:
341:
340:
333:
330:
329:
322:
319:
318:
311:
308:
307:
300:
299:
297:
292:
288:
282:
281:
273:
270:
266:
261:
256:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
48:
41:
37:
36:Late Jurassic
29:
26:
22:
5501:Ceratopsians
5420:
5333:
5328:Stellasaurus
5326:
5319:
5312:
5291:
5284:
5279:Coronosaurus
5277:
5272:Centrosaurus
5270:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5193:
5188:Lokiceratops
5186:
5179:
5161:Xenoceratops
5159:
5152:
5147:Sinoceratops
5145:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5055:Nedoceratops
5053:
5046:
5028:Vagaceratops
5026:
5021:Utahceratops
5019:
5014:Terminocavus
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4965:Judiceratops
4963:
4956:
4951:Chasmosaurus
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4890:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4855:
4843:Ceratopsidae
4830:Ceratopsidae
4761:Ceratopsidae
4750:Zuniceratops
4748:
4741:
4735:Ajkaceratops
4733:
4709:
4702:
4697:Bagaceratops
4695:
4689:Ajkaceratops
4687:
4671:Coronosauria
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4576:Asiaceratops
4574:
4554:
4542:Euceratopsia
4525:Yamaceratops
4523:
4516:
4509:
4489:
4482:
4477:Microceratus
4475:
4470:Liaoceratops
4468:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4426:Ajkaceratops
4424:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4311:
4298:
4257:
4246:Ornithischia
4231:Ornithischia
4183:
4179:Ornithischia
4174:
4165:
4136:
4059:
4054:
4029:
4025:
4012:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3981:
3976:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3757:
3754:Paleobiology
3753:
3740:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3616:
3611:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3574:
3569:
3536:
3532:
3522:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3480:
3475:
3460:
3455:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3420:
3401:
3395:
3383:
3364:
3336:
3309:
3288:
3277:
3267:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3179:(1): 39–49.
3176:
3172:
3159:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3102:Centrosaurus
3101:
3099:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3042:
3034:Notoceratops
3032:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
2999:Zuniceratops
2998:
2994:
2979:
2958:Paleoecology
2945:
2941:
2931:
2925:
2917:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2881:Paleobiology
2744:Ceratopsidae
2742:
2741:
2720:
2719:
2691:
2690:
2662:
2661:
2633:
2632:
2618:
2572:
2571:
2550:
2549:
2535:
2505:
2504:
2483:
2482:
2453:Coronosauria
2451:
2374:
2373:
2357:
2356:
2328:
2327:
2299:
2298:
2270:
2269:
2214:
2213:
2192:
2191:
2163:
2162:
2134:
2133:
2098:
2097:
2069:
2068:
2012:
2011:
1990:
1989:
1966:
1965:
1912:
1911:
1890:
1889:
1861:
1860:
1825:
1824:
1796:
1795:
1767:
1766:
1707:
1706:
1685:
1684:
1656:
1655:
1627:
1626:
1595:
1567:
1566:
1545:
1544:
1530:
1520:
1510:Bagaceratops
1508:
1504:Gobiceratops
1502:
1496:
1492:Lamaceratops
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1459:
1455:Zuniceratops
1453:
1450:Ceratopsidae
1445:
1439:
1425:
1406:
1403:Coronosauria
1402:
1394:
1389:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1328:
1308:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1249:rostral bone
1242:
1234:
1221:
1208:
1195:
1182:
1163:
1160:Agathaumidae
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:Ceratopsidae
1137:
1131:
1125:
1117:Judith River
1108:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1065:
1062:hadrosaurids
1048:
1040:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
993:Centrosaurus
991:
959:
957:
909:
882:
878:Centrosaurus
876:
862:
860:
851:Centrosaurus
850:
835:nomen dubium
833:
827:
823:
815:
814:
796:
790:
666:
662:
661:
642:Ceratopsidae
640:
632:Zuniceratops
630:
620:
609:
602:Sereno, 1998
599:
594:
579:Sereno, 1986
576:Coronosauria
575:
557:
553:Euceratopsia
552:
542:Yamaceratops
540:
529:
518:
510:
499:
489:
480:Notoceratops
478:
468:
460:Microceratus
458:
450:Liaoceratops
448:
438:
428:
418:
407:
397:
387:
377:
370:Sereno, 1986
366:
347:
337:
326:
315:
306:Ajkaceratops
304:
278:
269:Type species
254:
245:
229:
213:
207:Ornithischia
197:
184:
127:
45:161–66
31:Ceratopsians
25:
21:Ceratosauria
5445:Wikispecies
5321:Einiosaurus
5215:Avaceratops
5098:Triceratops
5062:Ojoceratops
4885:Monoclonius
4597:Ferrisaurus
4462:Kulceratops
3590:Palaeoworld
3088:Triceratops
3044:Craspedodon
1460:Triceratops
1343:Triceratops
1304:superfamily
1236:Triceratops
1164:Monoclonius
1152:Monoclonius
1148:Triceratops
1139:Triceratops
1109:Monoclonius
1105:Monoclonius
1100:Monoclonius
1054:F.V. Hayden
1016:epoccipital
1011:Triceratops
884:Triceratops
873:ceratopsids
842:Description
816:Triceratops
760:herbivorous
440:Kulceratops
409:Craspedodon
129:Triceratops
5495:Categories
5451:Ceratopsia
5421:Ceratopsia
5384:See also:
5091:Torosaurus
5007:Spiclypeus
4857:Agathaumas
4770:see below↓
4590:Cerasinops
4378:Stenopelix
4312:Ceratopsia
4299:Ceratopsia
4267:see below↓
4258:Ceratopsia
4170:Dinosauria
4137:Ceratopsia
3876:: 297–302.
3734:: 929–940.
3516:: 248–261.
3449:: 501–506.
3231:Alcheringa
3117:References
3020:Australian
2952:cathemeral
1521:Ceratopsia
1377:Cretaceous
1284:Ceratopsia
1156:Agathaumas
1042:Agathaumas
924:predentary
920:predentary
889:quadrupeds
780:Cretaceous
663:Ceratopsia
598:Hay, 1902
349:Stenopelix
294:Subgroups
255:Ceratopsia
191:Dinosauria
132:skeleton,
4153:Kingdom:
4046:129733977
3678:202867827
3637:: 41–83.
3561:130812960
3251:128686247
3084:sediments
3061:Campanian
3053:Santonian
3047:from the
3039:Argentina
2987:dispersed
2928:nocturnal
1417:vertebrae
1314:Phylogeny
1292:Ceratopia
1257:vertebrae
1067:Trachodon
1051:geologist
1022:in 1889.
972:squamosal
945:squamosal
897:predators
824:-ceratops
764:dinosaurs
762:, beaked
667:Ceratopia
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
5465:42418284
5430:Wikidata
5396:Category
5386:Timeline
4892:Polyonax
4878:Dysganus
4871:Ceratops
4434:Aquilops
4161:Chordata
4159:Phylum:
4155:Animalia
4006:: 83–93.
3984:No. 113.
3968:21951969
3960:19277598
3913:86541770
3850:33253407
3842:21493820
3774:85280946
3285:(1996).
3209:23743082
3201:21085924
1385:Mongolia
1363:Jurassic
1345:than to
1133:Ceratops
1094:Polyonax
976:parietal
941:parietal
829:Ceratops
787:Jurassic
379:Aquilops
178:Chordata
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
38: –
5436:Q131381
5286:Spinops
4604:Gremlin
4392:Yinlong
3940:Bibcode
3822:Bibcode
3814:Science
3541:Bibcode
3181:Bibcode
3139:Bibcode
3110:bonebed
3091:fossils
3057:Belgium
3003:endemic
1399:derived
1358:Yinlong
1333:-based
1076:Wyoming
1058:Montana
980:species
901:display
869:bipedal
556:Madzia
285:Marsh,
5478:147916
4066:
4044:
3966:
3958:
3911:
3848:
3840:
3798:
3772:
3676:
3559:
3495:
3487:
3467:
3408:
3371:
3317:
3297:
3249:
3207:
3199:
3065:Sweden
3031:, and
2983:Albian
2921:rhinos
2901:embryo
1154:, and
1002:, and
932:parrot
783:Period
774:, and
772:Europe
560:, 2021
558:et al.
262:, 1890
4184:Clade
4175:Clade
4166:Clade
4042:S2CID
4022:(PDF)
3964:S2CID
3909:S2CID
3846:S2CID
3770:S2CID
3750:(PDF)
3674:S2CID
3557:S2CID
3247:S2CID
3205:S2CID
3169:(PDF)
3106:herds
3095:fauna
3055:) of
3037:from
1392:clade
1381:China
1353:basal
1331:clade
1280:ópsis
1272:kéras
1268:κέρας
1265:Greek
1261:pubis
1253:roots
1168:frill
936:jugal
912:skull
893:horns
875:like
855:frill
820:genus
756:Greek
600:sensu
260:Marsh
246:Clade
230:Clade
214:Clade
198:Clade
185:Clade
4244:see
4217:see
4064:ISBN
3956:PMID
3838:PMID
3796:ISBN
3493:ISBN
3485:ISBN
3465:ISBN
3406:ISBN
3369:ISBN
3315:ISBN
3295:ISBN
3197:PMID
3078:and
3029:ulna
2944:and
2907:and
1501:and
1475:2019
1466:and
1390:The
1300:ICZN
1276:ὄψῐς
1136:and
1097:and
968:fuse
943:and
881:and
776:Asia
287:1888
53:PreꞒ
5460:EoL
4448:Beg
4034:doi
3948:doi
3901:doi
3868:".
3830:doi
3818:332
3762:doi
3726:".
3705:doi
3701:130
3666:doi
3639:doi
3635:210
3599:doi
3549:doi
3239:doi
3189:doi
3147:doi
3063:of
2940:of
1383:or
1329:In
1119:in
974:or
713:or
665:or
399:Beg
5497::
5475::
5462::
5447::
5432::
4186::
4177::
4168::
4040:.
4030:50
4028:.
4024:.
4004:77
4002:.
3962:.
3954:.
3946:.
3936:96
3934:.
3907:.
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