425:'s success. Specifically, temperatures ranging from 23-27 degrees Celsius encourage sporulation and disease growth. Also, pre-sprouting roots at warm temperature favors disease and should be avoided when growing sweet potatoes. This is because roots infected with black rot produce sprouts that frequently rot at the attachment point of the root or the roots develop lesions on the stem that rot below ground. Boron deficiencies in the soil can also enhance the disease. Since many sweet potatoes are grown from roots or slips, any diseased tissue present can lead to more widespread infection.
54:
33:
413:
wounds on any part of the plant/tuber/etc and are commonly dispersed by insects, wind, and equipment. After infecting tubers, the disease can be spread up the xylem tissue of the stem causing wilt. Ultimately, this pathogen will continue its lifecycle through vegetative propagation (transplants) of diseased tissue or chlamydospores that overwinter in roots or soil to spread the disease into the next season.
361:
causes a disease called 'black rot,' which displays firm and dry circular brown/black rots. Infected plants often show stunted growth, wilting, and yellowing. Wilting occurs because this pathogen can also travel through xylem and infect vascular system. During disease, white, fuzzy mycelia with long
412:
Chlamydospores survive on infected roots/slips or in the soil and develop on the next season's plant material during spring. Then, mycelium produce long, black perithecia (fruiting structures) that have a sticky mass of ascospores at the top. These ascospores enter and infect new plants through
449:
Finally, good management practices include cleaning all equipment to prevent disease spread. Tubers should be washed and dried before storage and this storage should be in ventilated boxes/crates to eliminate environmental conditions conducive to fungal growth.
394:. In some countries (such as China and Japan) it is an important constraint to sweet potato production. In other areas (such as southeastern USA) the damage is less severe due to the use of resistant varieties and sanitary measures.
352:
is an ascomycete fungal pathogen. The species as a whole can infect a wide variety of hosts, but particular strains are host-specific. One example is the
Ipomoea form of the fungus, which is specific to sweet potato
366:
demonstrate increased respiration which is partially due to the infection's influence on protein metabolism. Higher respiration rates cause dry weight loss in the tubers which poses a problem for marketability.
508:
is common on other plants. Infection typically occurs through fresh wounds on trees although root infections also occur. Infection is often accompanied by secondary attack by various ambrosia beetles.
433:
In order to prevent black rot, it's absolutely essential to avoid using infected seed roots as this is a major way of disease transmission. Host resistance has been found and used successfully against
386:), is thought likely to be native to Latin America, as is the sweet potato itself. It has spread to many locations probably on storage roots. The fungus may appear as a dry, black rot, usually with
409:
produces ascospores, and these spores are found at the top of fruiting bodies known as perithecia. There are also chlamydospores, which aid in survival as they overwinter in the soil and on roots.
308:
of species that cause wilt-type diseases of many economically important plants. There are thought to be three broad geographic clades, the North
American, the Latin American and the Asian clades.
468:
attacks the tapping panel, causing a pale-grey mould on the surface of the panel and dark discoloration in the wood under the surface. Fungicides can be used to treat tapping panels of Hevea.
572:, meaning "changes the natural state of 'ohi'a" and "destroyer of 'ohi'a", respectively. In May 2018, it was reported that infected 'ohi'a trees have been found on the Hawai'ian island of
689:
Engelbrecht, C. J. B.; Harrington, T. C. (2005). "Intersterility, morphology and taxonomy of
Ceratocystis fimbriata on sweet potato, cacao and sycamore".
261:). It is a diverse species that attacks a wide variety of annual and perennial plants. There are several host-specialized strains, some of which, such as
891:
1234:
1299:
1378:
1383:
1208:
909:
656:
168:
1018:
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in 1951. It is widespread in
Central America and northern South America, and is a particularly damaging disease in Colombia.
1265:
445:
is already established, fungicides will not control or eliminate disease. Thiabendazole and difenoconazole are effective on
939:
556:. The source of the outbreak is currently unknown. In April 2018, researchers published descriptions of two species of
1093:
1373:
576:. The public has been asked to avoid transportation of 'ohi'a trees or products to slow the spread of the disease.
362:
black perithecia grow out from the lesions. Additionally, research demonstrates that sweet potatoes infected with
1304:
1067:
1286:
304:) in 1890. It has since been found on a wide variety of annual and perennial plants. It is a large, diverse
357:) and wild morning glory. Symptoms can be found on the fleshy root or visible in plants. On sweet potato,
1247:
53:
539:
1388:
1314:
1200:
321:
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contains many undescribed, hidden species. One form of the fungus that causes a wilt disease in
1239:
1124:
1045:
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598:) in California have been affected by the disease. It has also caused losses in pomegranates (
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148:
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8:
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every 2–3 years. Importantly, fungicides only work on seeds and sweet potato slips so if
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Environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrient levels are important for
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can be used in sweet potato fields or as post-harvest dips of sweet potato roots.
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1048:. University of Hawai'i, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources
32:
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new to science that are believed to be responsible for rapid 'ohi'a death:
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518:
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244:
125:
105:
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1221:
859:
659:. CABI Crop Protection Compendium. CABI Publishing. 2004. Archived from
1213:
589:
387:
85:
1226:
1021:. Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology. Archived from
810:
Ocampo, Lina
Quesada. "Black Rot of Sweet potato". NC State Extension.
1278:
1182:
395:
391:
249:
65:
1118:
1068:"Two new species of fungi that kill ʻōhiʻa trees get Hawaiian names"
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plantations in Brazil as well as in the Congo and Uganda. Almonds (
327:
268:
1019:"Diseases Caused by members of the Ceratocystis fimbriata complex"
522:) in Brazil. There is also an Asian form of Ficus wilt caused by
1174:
844:"Changes in nitrogen metabolism in sweet potato with black rot"
478:
236:
75:
380:
The
Ipomoea form of the fungus that attacks the sweet potato (
573:
498:
Mango wilt is known only in Brazil, even though mango trees (
605:
987:"Black Rot of Sweet Potato Disease Cycle and Management"
916:. CABI's 2001 Crop Protection Compendium. Archived from
688:
437:
on sweet potatoes. It is also recommended to perform
325:. Another form that causes a disease on plane trees (
991:
College of
Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources
516:
Ficus wilt is a severe disease found in fig trees (
1046:"Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death - Ceratocystis Wilt of ʻŌhiʻa"
940:tpotatorot-pub3526pdf "Black Rot of Sweet Potato"
841:
1365:
486:in 1900 and this species was synonymized with
684:
682:
680:
678:
890:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
471:
375:
534:A fungus initially identified as a form of
675:
568:. The specific names are derived from the
31:
867:
722:
720:
604:) in India. It causes a dark, dry rot in
271:, are now described as distinct species.
1091:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
770:
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651:
649:
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641:
538:was identified in 2015 as the cause of
453:
319:was in 2005 described as a new species
243:, attacking such diverse plants as the
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1016:
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588:. It has caused serious mortality in
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331:), and which was previously known as
1315:ee76cf27-b010-44dc-83a2-4a7a69cfd73d
1037:
931:
763:
344:
1379:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
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618:
13:
1384:Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
1092:Bernardo, Rosemarie (2018-05-11).
1043:
1005:
984:
809:
579:
335:, was in 2005 elevated to species
14:
1410:
1114:
1072:University of Hawaiʻi System News
937:
842:Uritani, Stahmann, I, MA (1961).
504:) are grown in other areas where
333:Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani
40:Sweet potato black rot caused by
584:Many other plants are harmed by
401:
253:) and the tapping panels of the
52:
1085:
1060:
993:. University of Hawaii at Manoa
482:in Indonesia was described as
416:
1:
729:North Carolina Sweet Potatoes
611:
511:
493:
428:
1094:"Ohia fungus found on Kauai"
7:
780:Invasive Species Compendium
370:
274:
10:
1415:
311:It is thought likely that
205:Endoconidiophora fimbriata
1131:
703:10.3852/mycologia.97.1.57
526:found in southern Japan.
472:Wilt and canker of coffee
376:Black rot of sweet potato
322:Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
187:Ceratocystis moniliformis
183:
176:
154:
147:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
1098:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
910:"Ceratocystis fimbriata"
776:"Ceratocystis fimbriata"
657:"Ceratocystis fimbriata"
198:Ceratostomella fimbriata
1374:Fungi described in 1890
545:Metrosideros polymorpha
1133:Ceratocystis fimbriata
536:Ceratocystis fimbriata
488:Ceratocystis fimbriata
407:Ceratocystis fimbriata
359:Ceratocystis fimbriata
350:Ceratocystis fimbriata
313:Ceratocystis fimbriata
280:Ceratocystis fimbriata
232:Ceratocystis fimbriata
158:Ceratocystis fimbriata
42:Ceratocystis fimbriata
25:Ceratocystis fimbriata
219:Ophiostoma fimbriatum
1025:on 24 September 2015
540:widespread mortality
454:Mouldy rot of rubber
338:Ceratocystis platani
264:Ceratocystis platani
914:ISU Public Homepage
860:10.1104/pp.36.6.770
476:A fungus attacking
570:Hawai'ian language
530:Rapid 'Ohi'a death
461:Hevea brasiliensis
212:Ophiostoma coffeae
1361:
1360:
1336:Open Tree of Life
1125:Taxon identifiers
1017:Harrington, Tom.
908:Harrington, Tom.
823:Missing or empty
586:C. fimbriata
552:on the island of
542:in 'ohi'a trees (
524:C. fimbriata
506:C. fimbriata
466:C. fimbriata
458:On rubber trees (
345:Host and symptoms
292:, was originally
228:
227:
222:
215:
208:
201:
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140:C. fimbriata
116:Ceratocystidaceae
16:Species of fungus
1406:
1389:Eudicot diseases
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1353:
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1292:NBNSYS0000019252
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848:Plant Physiology
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501:Mangifera indica
484:Rostrella coffea
255:Para rubber tree
221:
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57:
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35:
21:
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1323:Observation.org
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663:on 5 April 2015
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601:Punica granatum
582:
580:In other plants
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383:Ipomoea batatas
378:
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302:Ipomoea batatus
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96:Sordariomycetes
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1115:External links
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944:LSU Ag Center
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920:on 2015-04-05
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854:(6): 770–82.
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447:C. fimbriata.
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402:Disease cycle
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149:Binomial name
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1394:Microascales
1132:
1101:. Retrieved
1097:
1087:
1076:. Retrieved
1074:. 2018-04-17
1071:
1062:
1050:. Retrieved
1044:Friday, JB.
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:the original
995:. Retrieved
990:
980:
947:. Retrieved
943:
933:
922:. Retrieved
918:the original
913:
886:cite journal
851:
847:
837:
784:. Retrieved
779:
732:. Retrieved
728:
697:(1): 57–69.
694:
690:
665:. Retrieved
661:the original
599:
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583:
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558:Ceratocystis
557:
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519:Ficus carica
517:
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443:C. fimbriata
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435:C. fimbriata
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423:C. fimbriata
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364:C. fimbriata
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298:sweet potato
289:Ceratocystis
287:
284:type species
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245:sweet potato
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127:Ceratocystis
126:
106:Microascales
41:
24:
18:
1222:iNaturalist
1052:23 December
997:11 November
949:15 November
786:16 November
734:11 November
727:Unknown. .
566:C. lukuohia
562:C. huliohia
417:Environment
269:plane trees
1368:Categories
1103:2018-05-14
1078:2018-05-14
1029:20 October
968:|url=
924:2014-10-20
825:|url=
753:|url=
667:20 October
612:References
590:Eucalyptus
512:Ficus wilt
494:Mango wilt
429:Management
396:Fungicides
392:ascospores
388:perithecia
86:Ascomycota
82:Division:
691:Mycologia
548:) in the
294:described
259:moldy rot
250:black rot
134:Species:
72:Kingdom:
66:Eukaryota
1274:MycoBank
1240:11198014
1196:Fungorum
1148:Q1609427
1142:Wikidata
959:cite web
878:16655590
816:cite web
744:cite web
711:16389957
608:tubers.
371:Diseases
328:Platanus
275:Taxonomy
178:Synonyms
112:Family:
62:Domain:
1341:1097914
1214:5252354
1175:1029576
970:value (
755:value (
554:Hawai'i
306:complex
296:on the
191:coffeae
122:Genus:
102:Order:
92:Class:
1351:440633
1348:uBio:
1312:NZOR:
1279:167245
1266:181741
1227:381521
1201:167245
1188:CERAFI
966:Check
876:
869:406220
866:
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751:Check
709:
479:Coffea
282:, the
239:and a
237:fungus
171:(1890)
169:Halst.
167:&
1328:28018
1253:12143
1235:IRMNG
574:Kauai
317:cacao
235:is a
165:Ellis
76:Fungi
1305:5158
1300:NCBI
1261:ITIS
1209:GBIF
1183:EPPO
1162:SMWF
1054:2015
1031:2014
999:2018
972:help
951:2018
892:link
874:PMID
829:help
788:2018
757:help
736:2018
707:PMID
669:2014
606:Taro
564:and
390:and
1287:NBN
1248:ISC
1170:EoL
1157:CoL
864:PMC
856:doi
699:doi
464:),
189:f.
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