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This fungus is able to penetrate cacao trees through stem wounds that are caused either by insects or through infected cutting tools. Wounds made by harvesting pods, removing stem sprouts or weeding may become infected. The disease is a systemic infection that damages the entire plant. The fungus
218:, which is the largest Brazilian cacao-producing state. This disease is responsible for reductions in the cacao population in plantation areas, which has resulted in great economic losses in the affected regions. The fungus has killed as many as half of the trees in some locations.
181:, the fungus was described as a new species in 2005. The specific epithet "cacaofunesta" means "cacao-killing". Two closely related sublineages exist within this species, one centered in western Ecuador and the other containing isolates from Brazil, Colombia and Costa Rica.
347:
Ambrosio, A. B.; Do
Nascimento, L. C.; Oliveira, B. V.; l Teixeira, P. J. P.; Tiburcio, R. A.; Toledo Thomazella, D. P.; Leme, A. F. P.; Carazzolle, M. F.; Vidal, R. O.; Mieczkowski, P.; Meinhardt, L. W.; Pereira, G. A. A. G.; Cabrera, O. G. (2013).
203:, causing a deep stain leading to the obstruction of water and nutrient transport. It moves systemically through the plant. Eventually, the plant turns yellow and then brown, leading to wilting and the sudden death of the tree.
273:
Engelbrecht, C. J. B.; Harrington, T. C. (2005). "Intersterility, morphology and taxonomy of
Ceratocystis fimbriata on sweet potato, cacao and sycamore".
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The disease has been of major importance in Costa Rica, Trinidad and Tobago, Ecuador, parts of
Colombia and Venezuela. In the 1990s,
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The disease known as "Ceratocystis wilt of cacao" (or "Mal de machete") is a serious disease of the cocoa tree (
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354:mitochondria: From genome to proteome"
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163:fungus that causes a wilt disease in
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574:Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
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175:Once considered to be a form of
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147:Engelbr. & T.C.Harr. (2005)
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313:"Ceratocystis Wilt of Cacao"
199:enters its host through the
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214:to the southern region of
185:Ceratocystis wilt of cacao
434:Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
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408:Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
352:Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
287:10.3852/mycologia.97.1.57
156:Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
141:Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
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32:Scientific classification
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25:Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
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243:"Ceratocystis fimbriata"
584:Fungi described in 2005
371:10.1186/1471-2164-14-91
178:Ceratocystis fimbriata
350:"Global analyses of
123:C. cacaofunesta
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546:Open Tree of Life
426:Taxon identifiers
311:Harrington, Tom.
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99:Ceratocystidaceae
16:Species of fungus
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249:on 5 April 2015
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208:C. cacaofunesta
192:Theobroma cacao
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79:Sordariomycetes
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414:Index Fungorum
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579:Microascales
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358:BMC Genomics
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317:. Retrieved
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251:. Retrieved
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110:Ceratocystis
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89:Microascales
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165:cacao trees
568:Categories
319:20 October
253:20 October
222:References
212:introduced
161:ascomycete
69:Ascomycota
65:Division:
449:Q10445891
275:Mycologia
117:Species:
55:Kingdom:
49:Eukaryota
510:MycoBank
484:Fungorum
443:Wikidata
390:23394930
295:16389957
171:Taxonomy
95:Family:
45:Domain:
502:5252338
381:3605234
105:Genus:
85:Order:
75:Class:
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535:NZOR:
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489:501395
476:CERACA
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364:: 91.
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159:is an
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216:Bahia
201:xylem
59:Fungi
523:NCBI
497:GBIF
471:EPPO
386:PMID
321:2014
291:PMID
255:2014
210:was
458:CoL
411:in
376:PMC
366:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
