678:
1013:
38:
690:
670:
1440:, making them suitable for high-frequency applications. In electric power steering systems, they provide the necessary magnetic field for efficient motor operation, contributing to the system's overall performance and reliability. Automotive sensors utilize ferrite magnets for accurate detection and measurement of various parameters, such as position, speed, and fluid levels.
995:
Moreover, cobalt ferrite's magnetostrictive properties can be tuned by inducing a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy. This can be done by magnetic annealing, magnetic field assisted compaction, or reaction under uniaxial pressure. This last solution has the advantage to be ultra fast (20 min) thanks to the
1341:
To allow efficient stacking of product in the furnace during sintering and prevent parts sticking together, many manufacturers separate ware using ceramic powder separator sheets. These sheets are available in various materials such as alumina, zirconia and magnesia. They are also available in fine,
1330:
Small and geometrically easy shapes may be produced with dry pressing. However, in such a process small particles may agglomerate and lead to poorer magnetic properties compared to the wet pressing process. Direct calcination and sintering without re-milling is possible as well but leads to poor
1170:
due to its magnetocrystalline anisotropy. It has been widely used in industrial applications as permanent magnets and, because they can be powdered and formed easily, they are finding their applications into micro and nano-types systems such as biomarkers, bio diagnostics and
1420:
magnets in these applications. In particular, for hard hexaferrites today the most common uses are still as permanent magnets in refrigerator seal gaskets, microphones and loud speakers, small motors for cordless appliances and in automobile applications.
957:
is in between soft and hard magnetic material and is usually classified as a semi-hard material. It is mainly used for its magnetostrictive applications like sensors and actuators thanks to its high saturation
1059:
are used in manufacturing of hard ferrite magnets. The high coercivity means the materials are very resistant to becoming demagnetized, an essential characteristic for a permanent magnet. They also have high
1526:), with better properties than barium hexaferrite. Barium and strontium hexaferrite dominate the market due to their low costs. Other materials have been found with improved properties. BaO•2(FeO)•8(Fe
1384:) from exiting or entering the equipment; these types of ferrites are made with lossy materials to not just block (reflect), but also absorb and dissipate as heat, the unwanted higher-frequency energy.
2082:
He, Shuli; Zhang, Hongwang; Liu, Yihao; Sun, Fan; Yu, Xiang; Li, Xueyan; Zhang, Li; Wang, Lichen; Mao, Keya; Wang, Gangshi; Lin, Yunjuan; Han, Zhenchuan; Sabirianov, Renat; Zeng, Hao (July 2018).
1323:. Next the powder is pressed into a shape, dried, and re-sintered. The shaping may be performed in an external magnetic field, in order to achieve a preferred orientation of the particles (
2401:
Hosni; Zehani, K.; Bartoli, T.; Bessais, L.; Maghraoui-Meherzi, H. (2016). "Semi-hard magnetic properties of nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite synthesized by the co-precipitation process".
1342:
medium and coarse particle sizes. By matching the material and particle size to the ware being sintered, surface damage and contamination can be reduced while maximizing furnace loading.
1226:), a common material for permanent magnet applications. Barium ferrites are robust ceramics that are generally stable to moisture and corrosion-resistant. They are used in e.g.
1270:
In some cases, the mixture of finely-powdered precursors is pressed into a mold. For barium and strontium ferrites, these metals are typically supplied as their carbonates,
1507:, they passed it on to the magnetic research group. Barium hexaferrite has both high coercivity (170 kA/m) and low raw material costs. It was developed as a product by
122:
have low coercivity, so they easily change their magnetization and act as conductors of magnetic fields. They are used in the electronics industry to make efficient
1334:
Electromagnets are pre-sintered as well (pre-reaction), milled and pressed. However, the sintering takes place in a specific atmosphere, for instance one with an
1503:
ferrite for a team investigating its use as a semiconductor material. On discovering that it was actually a magnetic material, and confirming its structure by
1145:), used in small electric motors, micro-wave devices, recording media, magneto-optic media, telecommunication, and electronics industry. Strontium hexaferrite (
657:
In terms of their magnetic properties, the different ferrites are often classified as "soft", "semi-hard" or "hard", which refers to their low or high magnetic
830:
2141:"Structural, Magnetic, and Catalytic Evaluation of Spinel Co, Ni, and Co–Ni Ferrite Nanoparticles Fabricated by Low-Temperature Solution Combustion Process"
149:
Ferrite compounds are extremely low cost, being made mostly of iron oxide, and have excellent corrosion resistance. Yogoro Kato and
Takeshi Takei of the
2828:
Gubin, Sergei P.; Koksharov, Yurii A.; Khomutov, G.B.; Yurkov, Gleb Yu (30 June 2005). "Magnetic nanoparticles: Preparation, structure and properties".
3191:
Lotgering, F. K.; Vromans, P. H. G. M.; Huyberts, M. A. H. (1980). "Permanent-magnet material obtained by sintering the hexagonal ferriteW=BaFe18O27".
2996:
Tahanian, H.; Aliahmadi, M. (2020). "Ferrite
Permanent Magnets in Electrical Machines: Opportunities and Challenges of a Non-Rare-Earth Alternative".
2532:
Lo, C.C.H.; Ring, A.P.; Snyder, J.E.; Jiles, D.C. (2005). "Improvement of magneto-mechanical properties of cobalt ferrite by magnetic annealing".
2298:
Ullah, Zaka; Atiq, Shahid; Naseem, Shahzad (2013). "Influence of Pb doping on structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Sr-hexaferrites".
1247:
Ferrites are produced by heating a mixture of the oxides of the constituent metals at high temperatures, as shown in this idealized equation:
2916:
Pullar, Robert C. (September 2012). "Hexagonal ferrites: A review of the synthesis, properties and applications of hexaferrite ceramics".
2871:
M. Wittenauer; P. Wang; P. Metcalf; Z. Ka̧kol; J. M. Honig (1995). "Growth and
Characterization of Single Crystals of Zinc Ferrites, Fe
2944:
1447:, they are sometimes used in low-field or open MRI systems. These magnets are favored in certain cases due to their lower cost, stable
1584:
2772:
1499:). The discovery was somewhat accidental—due to a mistake by an assistant who was supposed to be preparing a sample of hexagonal
413:, one of which is usually iron (Fe). Spinel ferrites usually adopt a crystal motif consisting of cubic close-packed (fcc) oxides (
3339:
2575:
Wang, Jiquan; Gao, Xuexu; Yuan, Chao; Li, Jiheng; Bao, Xiaoqian (2015). "Magnetostriction properties of oriented polycrystalline
894:
above 0.5 MHz but below 5 MHz, Mn Zn ferrites are used; above that, Ni Zn is the usual choice. The exception is with
1338:
shortage. The chemical composition and especially the structure vary strongly between the precursor and the sintered product.
2277:
2252:
2215:
2066:
2036:
1652:
2742:
2695:"Enhancement of the magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic CoFe2O4 / PZT bilayer by induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy"
886:. Ni Zn ferrites exhibit higher resistivity than Mn Zn, and are therefore more suitable for frequencies above 1 MHz.
1416:, are ferrite magnets. Except for certain "vintage" products, ferrite magnets have largely displaced the more expensive
1413:
3328:
3312:
3298:
3284:
2900:
1594:
1555:
1492:
1937:
Wu, Lei; Dong, Chunhui; Chen, Hang; Yao, Jinli; Jiang, Changjun; Xue, Desheng (December 2012). Varela, J. A. (ed.).
3363:
724:
so they conduct magnetic fields and are attracted to magnets, but when the external magnetic field is removed, the
677:
1977:
1850:
1811:
1772:
1433:
826:
1938:
3234:
3179:
3158:
3137:
17:
2350:
1676:
Assadi, M. Hussein N.; H., Katayama-Yoshida (2019). "Covalency a pathway for achieving high magnetisation in
1473:
1409:
150:
2802:
1381:
895:
2383:
1939:"Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Bismuth Ferrites Nanocrystals with Various Morphology"
1635:
Okamoto, A. (2009). "The
Invention of Ferrites and Their Contribution to the Miniaturization of Radios".
1303:
After this step, the two oxides combine to give the ferrite. The resulting mixture of oxides undergoes
3358:
1391:
stored data in the residual magnetic fields of hard ferrite cores, which were assembled into arrays of
761:
368:
ferrites are used In addition, more complex synthetic alloys are often used for specific applications.
3368:
3075:
Morin, Devin; Richard, Sebastian (2024). "A low-field ceramic magnet design for magnetic resonance".
105:, so are difficult to demagnetize. They are used to make permanent magnets for applications such as
2495:
Slonczewski, J.C. (15 June 1958). "Origin of magnetic anisotropy in cobalt-substituted magnetite".
1320:
31:
1405:
1444:
1437:
182:
2232:
1404:
Ferrite particles are also used as a component of radar-absorbing materials or coatings used in
3050:
1515:. The low price and good performance led to a rapid increase in the use of permanent magnets.
1454:
1001:
997:
473:, but rather the inverse spinel structure: One eighth of the tetrahedral holes are occupied by
3373:
2083:
1504:
1366:
1061:
721:
280:
is another metallic element. Common, naturally occurring ferrites (typically members of the
189:
2471:
1905:
3200:
2837:
2541:
2506:
2467:
1901:
1750:
1716:
1235:
74:
2466:. Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Conference Series. Vol. 60. p. 012020.
2429:
27:
Ferrimagnetic ceramic material composed of iron(III) oxide and a divalent metallic element
8:
1278:
1069:
1056:
106:
3204:
2841:
2545:
2510:
2480:
1978:"Magnetic Properties and Associated Microstructure of Zinc-Bearing Square-Loop Ferrites"
1914:
1889:
1720:
3115:
2982:
2853:
2780:
2724:
2706:
2675:
2671:
2657:
2557:
2173:
2140:
2095:
2016:
1993:
1866:
1827:
1788:
1732:
1706:
1658:
1231:
466:
which has a spinel crystalline form and is widely used a magnetic recording substrate.
242:
231:
3334:
3036:
2084:"Maximizing Specific Loss Power for Magnetic Hyperthermia by Hard–Soft Mixed Ferrites"
1315:
Having obtained the ferrite, the cooled product is milled to particles smaller than 2
1000:. The induced magnetic anisotropy in cobalt ferrite is also beneficial to enhance the
547:
occupying the tetrahedral sites, it is an example of normal structure spinel ferrite.
3378:
3324:
3308:
3294:
3280:
3230:
3175:
3154:
3133:
2896:
2857:
2679:
2273:
2248:
2211:
2178:
2160:
2121:
2113:
2062:
2032:
1997:
1958:
1954:
1919:
1870:
1831:
1792:
1736:
1648:
1590:
1458:
1316:
765:
682:
207:
170:
3255:
2849:
2728:
2561:
1662:
1424:
Ferrite magnets find applications in electric power steering systems and automotive
720:
compounds. Soft ferrites are not suitable to make permanent magnets. They have high
3208:
3111:
3084:
3032:
3005:
2978:
2925:
2888:
2845:
2716:
2667:
2605:
2549:
2514:
2475:
2444:
2410:
2354:
2307:
2240:
2203:
2168:
2152:
2105:
2024:
1989:
1950:
1909:
1862:
1823:
1784:
1724:
1640:
1412:
measurements. Most common audio magnets, including those used in loudspeakers and
1271:
1052:
959:
702:
485:
cation. It is also possible to have mixed structure spinel ferrites with formula
470:
376:
66:
2929:
2414:
2311:
2139:
Ortiz-Quiñonez, Jose-Luis; Pal, Umapada; Villanueva, Martin
Salazar (2018-11-30).
3343:
3318:
3268:
2497:
2448:
2197:
1644:
1388:
891:
753:
737:
305:
139:
2694:
2624:
2244:
2028:
1464:
Nowaday, ferrite nanoparticles are researched as catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation
2892:
2609:
1580:
1560:
1448:
1174:
1017:
748:
in the core, another source of energy loss. Because of their comparatively low
321:
261:
162:
114:
3088:
3009:
2750:
2720:
1476:
synthesized the first ferrite compounds in 1930. This led to the founding of
3352:
2553:
2518:
2164:
2156:
2117:
2001:
1962:
1923:
1874:
1835:
1796:
1398:
1362:
733:
705:
123:
78:
70:
62:
58:
2207:
2182:
2125:
2109:
1728:
1611:
1377:
1370:
1350:
1077:
745:
372:
127:
86:
1751:"An Ultimate Guide on Ferrites - Types and Applications | Electricalvoice"
3130:
80 Years of
Research at the Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium (1914-1994)
2239:. Crystals. Vol. 2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 171–197.
1511:
Industries (Netherlands) and from 1952 was marketed under the trade name
1393:
1358:
1285:
1227:
741:
698:
353:
135:
110:
82:
3023:
Treutler, C.P.O (2001). "Magnetic sensors for automotive applications".
2015:
Jadhav, Vijaykumar V.; Mane, Rajaram S.; Shinde, Pritamkumar V. (2020),
1888:
Turtelli, R. Sato; Kriegisch, M.; Atif, M.; Grössinger, R. (June 2014).
1451:, and ability to function without the need for complex cooling systems.
2870:
2372:
Product selection guide (product catalog). Ferroxcube. 2003. p. 5.
2199:
The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrences and Uses
1851:"Magnetic and Magnetostrictive Properties of Magnesium-Nickel Ferrites"
1324:
1167:
1048:
1040:
988:
984:
729:
658:
166:
102:
93:
50:
2358:
1012:
689:
41:
A stack of ferrite magnets, with magnetic household items stuck to it.
3212:
3102:
Breton, Jean (2021). "Ferrite
Magnets: Properties and Applications".
2969:
Breton, Jean (2021). "Ferrite
Magnets: Properties and Applications".
1500:
1429:
1304:
1044:
1020:
disassembled, showing the two crescent-shaped ferrite magnets in the
749:
725:
717:
685:
in a portable radio, consisting of a wire wound around a ferrite core
555:
345:
337:
325:
301:
297:
227:
143:
2461:
2326:
Facile synthesis and temperature dependent dielectric properties of
2711:
2662:
2462:
Sato-Turtelli, R.; Kriegisch, M.; Atif, M.; Grössinger, R. (2014).
2100:
1711:
1443:
Due to ceramic ferrite magnet’s weaker magnetic fields compared to
1354:
757:
673:
Various ferrite cores used to make small transformers and inductors
361:
357:
223:
193:
131:
2945:"Ferrite Magnets: Exploring Their Pros and Cons Across Industries"
264:
coating the surface of cast-iron cookware). The other pattern is
37:
3250:
1508:
1425:
1085:
341:
178:
174:
54:
2779:(product catalog). Chemical Products Corporation. Archived from
1376:
Ferrites are also found as a lump in a computer cable, called a
669:
92:
Ferrites can be divided into two groups based on their magnetic
2749:(product catalog). Arnold Magnetic Technologies. Archived from
1887:
1417:
1408:
aircraft and in the absorption tiles lining the rooms used for
1335:
1084:
is about 30–160 kiloampere turns per meter (400–2000
1032:
1021:
752:
at high frequencies, they are extensively used in the cores of
709:
551:
414:
410:
365:
317:
285:
281:
210:
oxides, usually with an approximately stochiometric formula of
3305:
2353:
1976:
Palmer, G. G.; Johnston, R. W.; Schultz, R. E. (August 1957).
1890:"Co-ferrite – A material with interesting magnetic properties"
1432:
resistance. Ferrite magnets are known for their high magnetic
736:
can easily reverse direction without dissipating much energy (
1518:
In the 1960s Philips developed strontium hexaferrite (SrO•6Fe
1068:
are cheap, and are widely used in household products such as
2827:
2464:
Co-ferrite – a material with interesting magnetic properties
477:
cations, one fourth of the octahedral sites are occupied by
252:
transforms into the non-magnetic gamma phase. Fe(II)-Fe(III)
3277:
Electronic Components: Selection and Application Guidelines
2138:
2023:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 37–45,
713:
421:
cations occupying one eighth of the tetrahedral holes, and
349:
61:, meaning they are attracted by magnetic fields and can be
2692:
2622:
1380:, which helps to prevent high frequency electrical noise (
693:
A variety of small ferrite core inductors and transformers
3104:
Encyclopedia of Materials: Technical Ceramics and Glasses
2971:
Encyclopedia of Materials: Technical Ceramics and Glasses
2693:
Aubert, A.; Loyau, V.; Mazaleyrat, F.; LoBue, M. (2017).
2623:
Aubert, A.; Loyau, V.; Mazaleyrat, F.; LoBue, M. (2017).
2400:
1586:
Magnetic Materials: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd Ed
1477:
156:
3336:
Ferrite Processing & Effects on Material Performance
3190:
2233:"Morphology and Physical Properties of Gamma Iron Oxide"
1894:
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
1088:). The density of ferrite magnets is about 5 g/cm.
1284:. During the heating process, these carbonates undergo
504:
The magnetic material known as "Zn Fe" has the formula
3270:
Standard Specifications for Permanent Magnet Materials
2625:"Uniaxial anisotropy and enhanced magnetostriction of
2430:"Design and application of magnetostrictive materials"
1319:, sufficiently small that each particle consists of a
550:
Some ferrites adopt hexagonal crystal structure, like
425:
cations occupying half of the octahedral holes, i.e.,
2646:
induced by reaction under uniaxial pressure with SPS"
2021:
Bismuth-Ferrite-Based Electrochemical Supercapacitors
1975:
898:, where the threshold of choice is at 70 MHz.
728:does not tend to persist. This is due to their low
2195:
1480:Corporation in 1935, to manufacture the material.
3256:What are the bumps at the end of computer cables?
2995:
2531:
1809:
1612:"Ferrite | Formula, Properties & Application"
169:, with either a body-centered cubic or hexagonal
153:synthesized the first ferrite compounds in 1930.
3350:
3291:Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems
2014:
2297:
2017:"Basics of Ferrites: Structures and Properties"
732:. The low coercivity also means the material's
2196:Cornell, R. M.; Schwertmann, U. (2003-07-29).
1397:. Ferrite powders are used in the coatings of
73:materials, most ferrites are not electrically
3229:, p. 76-77, Cambridge University Press, 2005
2809:(product catalog). Hill Technical Sales. 2006
2574:
2081:
1936:
3074:
2056:
2598:Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
2494:
2057:Carter, C. Barry; Norton, M. Grant (2007).
2050:
1773:"The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites"
1589:. Cambridge University Press. p. 120.
987:free, which makes it a good substitute for
3153:, p. 76, Cambridge University Press, 2005
3132:, p. 95, Amsterdam University Press, 2005
2059:Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering
1810:Albers-Schoenberg, Ernst (November 1958).
77:, making them useful in applications like
2710:
2661:
2479:
2172:
2099:
1913:
1710:
469:However the structure is not an ordinary
96:, their resistance to being demagnetized:
3022:
1848:
1770:
1699:Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
1675:
1011:
688:
676:
668:
336:) which occurs naturally as the mineral
36:
2942:
2650:Journal of the European Ceramic Society
2293:
2291:
2289:
2267:
2230:
1982:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1943:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1855:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1816:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1777:Journal of the American Ceramic Society
1634:
1579:
14:
3351:
3101:
2968:
2915:
1628:
1609:
1573:
157:Composition, structure, and properties
2427:
1472:Yogoro Kato and Takeshi Takei of the
901:
481:cations. and the other one fourth by
2286:
1428:due to their cost-effectiveness and
3251:International Magnetics Association
2268:Shriver, D.F.; et al. (2006).
1091:The most common hard ferrites are:
771:The most common soft ferrites are:
536:occupying the octahedral sites and
24:
3116:10.1016/B978-0-12-818542-1.00044-8
2983:10.1016/B978-0-12-818542-1.00044-8
2887:. Vol. 30. pp. 124–132.
2672:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.03.036
1994:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1957.tb12616.x
1867:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1957.tb12613.x
1828:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1958.tb12901.x
1789:10.1111/j.1551-2916.1999.tb20058.x
1771:Sugimoto, Mitsuo (February 1999).
1414:electromagnetic instrument pickups
25:
3390:
3244:
3170:R. Gerber, C.D. Wright, G. Asti,
3025:Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
1556:Ferromagnetic material properties
1493:Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium
1369:of the ferrite leads to very low
188:They are typically composed of α-
2384:"Learn More about Ferrite Cores"
1955:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05419.x
1491:) was discovered in 1950 at the
1080:and the magnetic field strength
1007:
664:
206:) with one, or more additional,
3219:
3184:
3164:
3143:
3122:
3095:
3068:
3043:
3016:
2989:
2962:
2943:Marchio, Cathy (Apr 16, 2024).
2936:
2909:
2864:
2850:10.1070/RC2005v074n06ABEH000897
2821:
2795:
2765:
2735:
2686:
2616:
2568:
2525:
2488:
2455:
2421:
2403:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
2394:
2376:
2365:
2318:
2300:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
2261:
2224:
2189:
2132:
2075:
2008:
1969:
1930:
1849:Hoffmann, Paul O. (July 1957).
1031:In contrast, permanent ferrite
458:. An exception exists for ɣ-Fe
165:ceramic compounds derived from
3320:Practical Recording Techniques
2998:IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
2699:IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
2534:IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
1881:
1842:
1803:
1764:
1743:
1669:
1603:
296:) which occurs as the mineral
260:is commonly seen as the black
226:such as in the common mineral
13:
1:
3077:Journal of Magnetic Resonance
3037:10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00621-5
2930:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.04.001
2918:Progress in Materials Science
2481:10.1088/1757-899X/60/1/012020
2415:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.252
2312:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.12.061
2235:. In Freyhardt, H. C. (ed.).
2061:. Springer. pp. 212–15.
1915:10.1088/1757-899X/60/1/012020
1566:
1474:Tokyo Institute of Technology
1410:electromagnetic compatibility
1310:
1242:
1166:) is well known for its high
1072:. The maximum magnetic field
740:), while the material's high
151:Tokyo Institute of Technology
2449:10.1016/j.matdes.2006.12.016
1645:10.1109/GLOCOMW.2009.5360693
1637:2009 IEEE Globecom Workshops
1382:radio frequency interference
1230:magnets and as a medium for
983:has also the benefits to be
762:switched-mode power supplies
501:is the degree of inversion.
375:chemical structure with the
7:
3317:Bartlett, Bruce and others
2743:"Ferrite permanent magnets"
2245:10.1007/978-3-642-67467-9_4
2029:10.1007/978-3-030-16718-9_3
1610:Connor, Nick (2023-07-24).
1549:
1483:Barium hexaferrite (BaO•6Fe
10:
3395:
3303:Luecke, Gerald and others
3261:
3193:Journal of Applied Physics
2893:10.1002/9780470132616.ch27
2803:"Amorphous magnetic cores"
2610:10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.10.073
2272:. New York: W.H. Freeman.
2231:Morrish, Allan H. (1980).
1497:Philips Physics Laboratory
1467:
839:"Ni Zn", with the formula
778:"Mn Zn", with the formula
697:Ferrites that are used in
284:group) include those with
29:
3174:, p. 335, Springer, 2013
3089:10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107599
3051:"Ceramic Ferrite Magnets"
3010:10.1109/TMAG.2019.2957468
2721:10.1109/TMAG.2017.2696162
1016:A small permanent magnet
183:conductors of electricity
173:. Like most of the other
2830:Russian Chemical Reviews
2554:10.1109/TMAG.2005.854790
2519:10.1103/PhysRev.110.1341
2157:10.1021/acsomega.8b02229
1399:magnetic recording tapes
760:in applications such as
409:represent various metal
371:Many ferrites adopt the
32:Ferrite (disambiguation)
3364:Ferromagnetic materials
2472:2014MS&E...60a2020T
1906:2014MS&E...60a2020T
1445:superconducting magnets
1438:electrical conductivity
1353:are used in electronic
1345:
2437:Materials & Design
2208:10.1002/3527602097.ch2
2110:10.1002/smll.201800135
1729:10.7566/JPSJ.88.044706
1534:) came in 1980. and Ba
1321:single magnetic domain
1028:
1002:magnetoelectric effect
998:spark plasma sintering
775:Manganese-zinc ferrite
726:remanent magnetization
694:
686:
674:
49:is one of a family of
42:
2237:Growth and Properties
2202:(1 ed.). Wiley.
1505:X-ray crystallography
1455:Ferrite nanoparticles
1367:electrical resistance
1331:magnetic properties.
1236:magnetic stripe cards
1062:magnetic permeability
1047:after magnetization.
1015:
896:common mode inductors
722:magnetic permeability
692:
680:
672:
241:. Above 585 °C
177:, ferrites are hard,
161:Ferrites are usually
57:materials. They are
53:-containing magnetic
40:
3333:Schaller, George E.
1070:refrigerator magnets
1039:, which have a high
831:saturation induction
825:. Mn Zn have higher
107:refrigerator magnets
30:For other uses, see
3205:1980JAP....51.5913L
2885:Inorganic Syntheses
2842:2005RuCRv..74..489G
2747:arnoldmagnetics.com
2546:2005ITM....41.3676L
2511:1958PhRv..110.1341S
2270:Inorganic Chemistry
2151:(11): 14986–15001.
1721:2019JPSJ...88d4706A
1616:Material Properties
1076:is about 0.35
1057:strontium carbonate
836:Nickel-zinc ferrite
768:used in AM radios.
130:for high-frequency
3342:2013-10-02 at the
3307:2004, Master Pub.
2783:on 1 February 2014
2773:"Barium carbonate"
1581:Spaldin, Nicola A.
1232:magnetic recording
1064:. These so-called
1029:
902:Semi-hard ferrites
766:loopstick antennas
695:
687:
675:
43:
3359:Ceramic materials
3323:2005 Focal Press
3275:Meeldijk, Victor
3227:Magnetic Ceramics
3225:Raul Valenzuela,
3199:(11): 5913–5918.
3172:Applied Magnetism
3151:Magnetic Ceramics
3149:Raul Valenzuela,
2540:(10): 3676–3678.
2359:10.1063/1.5112943
2279:978-0-7167-4878-6
2254:978-3-642-67467-9
2217:978-3-527-30274-1
2068:978-0-387-46270-7
2038:978-3-030-16717-2
1949:(12): 3922–3927.
1654:978-1-4244-5626-0
1639:. pp. 1–42.
1459:superparamagnetic
1389:computer memories
1259:+ ZnO → ZnFe
1095:Strontium ferrite
962:(~200 ppm).
756:transformers and
738:hysteresis losses
683:loopstick antenna
171:crystal structure
142:, and in various
67:permanent magnets
16:(Redirected from
3386:
3369:Types of magnets
3238:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3213:10.1063/1.327493
3188:
3182:
3168:
3162:
3147:
3141:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3055:Stanford Magnets
3047:
3041:
3040:
3020:
3014:
3013:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2949:Stanford Magnets
2940:
2934:
2933:
2924:(7): 1191–1334.
2913:
2907:
2906:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2714:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2665:
2656:(9): 3101–3105.
2645:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2505:(6): 1341–1348.
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2434:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2103:
2094:(29): e1800135.
2079:
2073:
2072:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1714:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1577:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1083:
1075:
1053:barium carbonate
982:
981:
980:
972:
971:
960:magnetostriction
956:
954:
953:
952:
944:
943:
933:
929:
928:
927:
919:
918:
885:
884:
883:
875:
874:
866:
865:
863:
851:
850:
848:
824:
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
802:
790:
789:
787:
653:
652:
651:
650:
642:
641:
631:
626:
625:
624:
616:
615:
605:
604:
603:
602:
594:
593:
583:
578:
577:
576:
568:
567:
546:
545:
544:
535:
534:
533:
524:
523:
522:
514:
513:
500:
496:
495:
494:
471:spinel structure
457:
456:
455:
447:
446:
436:
435:
400:
399:
398:
390:
389:
208:metallic element
205:
21:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3349:
3348:
3344:Wayback Machine
3264:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3224:
3220:
3189:
3185:
3169:
3165:
3148:
3144:
3128:Marc de Vries,
3127:
3123:
3100:
3096:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3021:
3017:
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2800:
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2736:
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2633:
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2617:
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2589:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2530:
2526:
2498:Physical Review
2493:
2489:
2460:
2456:
2432:
2426:
2422:
2399:
2395:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2371:
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2366:
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2334:
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2329:
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2324:
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2280:
2266:
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2255:
2229:
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2218:
2194:
2190:
2137:
2133:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2013:
2009:
1974:
1970:
1935:
1931:
1886:
1882:
1847:
1843:
1822:(11): 484–489.
1808:
1804:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1655:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1490:
1486:
1470:
1365:where the high
1348:
1313:
1299:
1295:
1282:
1275:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1081:
1073:
1066:ceramic magnets
1010:
979:
976:
975:
974:
970:
967:
966:
965:
963:
951:
948:
947:
946:
942:
939:
938:
937:
935:
931:
930:
926:
923:
922:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
910:
904:
882:
879:
878:
877:
873:
870:
869:
868:
864:
857:
855:
854:
853:
849:
846:
844:
843:
842:
840:
821:
818:
817:
816:
812:
809:
808:
807:
803:
796:
794:
793:
792:
788:
785:
783:
782:
781:
779:
703:electromagnetic
667:
649:
646:
645:
644:
640:
637:
636:
635:
633:
629:
628:
623:
620:
619:
618:
614:
611:
610:
609:
607:
601:
598:
597:
596:
592:
589:
588:
587:
585:
581:
580:
575:
572:
571:
570:
566:
563:
562:
561:
559:
543:
541:
540:
539:
537:
532:
530:
529:
528:
526:
521:
518:
517:
516:
512:
509:
508:
507:
505:
498:
493:
490:
489:
488:
486:
465:
461:
454:
451:
450:
449:
445:
442:
441:
440:
434:
432:
431:
430:
426:
397:
394:
393:
392:
388:
385:
384:
383:
379:
335:
331:
315:
311:
306:magnesioferrite
295:
291:
275:
271:
259:
255:
250:
246:
239:
235:
221:
217:
204:
200:
196:
190:iron(III) oxide
159:
120:"Soft" ferrites
118:
115:electric motors
99:"Hard" ferrites
97:
69:. Unlike many
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3347:
3346:
3331:
3315:
3301:
3287:
3273:
3267:MMPA 0100-00,
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3245:External links
3243:
3240:
3239:
3218:
3183:
3163:
3142:
3121:
3094:
3067:
3042:
3015:
2988:
2961:
2935:
2908:
2901:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2863:
2836:(6): 489–520.
2820:
2794:
2764:
2753:on 14 May 2012
2734:
2685:
2640:
2631:
2615:
2590:
2581:
2567:
2524:
2487:
2454:
2443:(2): 469–483.
2428:Olabi (2008).
2420:
2393:
2375:
2364:
2341:
2332:
2317:
2285:
2278:
2260:
2253:
2223:
2216:
2188:
2131:
2074:
2067:
2049:
2037:
2007:
1988:(8): 256–262.
1968:
1929:
1880:
1861:(7): 250–252.
1841:
1802:
1783:(2): 269–280.
1763:
1742:
1691:
1682:
1668:
1653:
1627:
1602:
1595:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1561:Cobalt Ferrite
1558:
1551:
1548:
1546:came in 1991.
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1488:
1484:
1469:
1466:
1449:magnetic field
1363:electromagnets
1347:
1344:
1312:
1309:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1280:
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1268:
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1256:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1219:
1210:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1175:Barium ferrite
1172:
1160:
1151:
1138:
1129:
1112:
1103:
1096:
1018:electric motor
1009:
1006:
1004:in composite.
993:
992:
977:
968:
949:
940:
924:
915:
908:
907:Cobalt ferrite
903:
900:
888:
887:
880:
871:
856:
845:
837:
834:
819:
810:
795:
784:
776:
666:
663:
661:, as follows.
647:
638:
621:
612:
599:
590:
573:
564:
542:
531:
519:
510:
491:
463:
459:
452:
443:
433:
395:
386:
340:. Less often
333:
329:
322:cobalt ferrite
313:
309:
293:
289:
273:
269:
262:iron(II) oxide
257:
253:
248:
244:
243:Fe(II)-Fe(III)
237:
233:
232:Fe(II)-Fe(III)
219:
215:
202:
198:
158:
155:
124:magnetic cores
79:magnetic cores
26:
18:Ceramic magnet
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3391:
3380:
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3375:
3372:
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3367:
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3356:
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3338:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3329:0-240-80685-9
3326:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3313:0-945053-14-2
3310:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3299:0-471-85068-3
3296:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3285:0-471-18972-3
3282:
3279:, 1997 Wiley
3278:
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3131:
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3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3090:
3086:
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3034:
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3026:
3019:
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3003:
2999:
2992:
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2469:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2442:
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2424:
2416:
2412:
2409:: 1295–1301.
2408:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:nanoparticles
2321:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2256:
2250:
2246:
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2234:
2227:
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2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2180:
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2166:
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2158:
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2115:
2111:
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2097:
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2026:
2022:
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2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:(1): 012020.
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
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1806:
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1767:
1752:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1705:(4): 044706.
1704:
1700:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1617:
1613:
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1596:9781139491556
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681:A ferrite AM
679:
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665:Soft ferrites
662:
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163:ferrimagnetic
154:
152:
147:
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128:ferrite cores
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2781:the original
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1753:. 2021-06-25
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1671:
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1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:
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1482:
1471:
1463:
1461:properties.
1453:
1442:
1434:permeability
1423:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1378:ferrite bead
1375:
1371:eddy current
1359:transformers
1349:
1340:
1333:
1329:
1314:
1302:
1269:
1246:
1090:
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1035:are made of
1030:
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827:permeability
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146:components.
136:transformers
119:
113:, and small
111:loudspeakers
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85:to suppress
83:transformers
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3293:1988 Wiley
3289:Ott, Henry
3110:: 206–216.
3004:(3): 1–20.
2977:: 206–216.
2705:(11): 1–5.
2604:: 662–666.
2388:mag-inc.com
2306:: 263–267.
1394:core memory
1286:calcination
1228:loudspeaker
1171:biosensors.
892:frequencies
833:than Ni Zn.
750:core losses
742:resistivity
699:transformer
354:franklinite
304:containing
181:, and poor
167:iron oxides
3353:Categories
3235:0521018439
3180:9401582637
3159:0521018439
3138:9085550513
3083:: 107599.
2813:18 January
2787:18 January
2777:cpc-us.com
2757:18 January
2712:1803.09677
2663:1803.09656
2101:1805.04204
2044:2024-03-29
1812:"Ferrites"
1757:2024-03-29
1712:2004.10948
1621:2024-03-29
1567:References
1513:Ferroxdure
1325:anisotropy
1311:Processing
1243:Production
1234:, e.g. on
1168:coercivity
1049:Iron oxide
1041:coercivity
989:terfenol-D
985:rare-earth
730:coercivity
659:coercivity
632: : 6
584: : 6
103:coercivity
101:have high
94:coercivity
75:conductive
65:to become
63:magnetized
51:iron oxide
2858:250917570
2680:118914808
2165:2470-1343
2145:ACS Omega
2118:1613-6810
2002:0002-7820
1963:0002-7820
1924:1757-899X
1875:0002-7820
1836:0002-7820
1797:0002-7820
1737:127456231
1501:lanthanum
1430:corrosion
1355:inductors
1305:sintering
1296:→ MO + CO
1045:remanence
1043:and high
1024:assembly
758:inductors
744:prevents
718:manganese
716:, and/or
558:ferrites
556:strontium
346:strontium
338:jacobsite
326:manganese
302:magnesium
298:trevorite
228:magnetite
144:microwave
132:inductors
3379:Ferrites
3340:Archived
2954:July 13,
2729:25427820
2562:45873667
2183:31458165
2126:29931802
1663:44319879
1583:(2010).
1550:See also
1457:exhibit
1436:and low
1373:losses.
1086:oersteds
708:contain
497:, where
401:, where
362:yittrium
358:aluminum
276:, where
268:·Fe(III)
222:such as
194:hematite
175:ceramics
140:antennas
3262:Sources
3201:Bibcode
3060:Sep 15,
2838:Bibcode
2542:Bibcode
2507:Bibcode
2468:Bibcode
2174:6644305
1902:Bibcode
1717:Bibcode
1509:Philips
1468:History
1426:sensors
1406:stealth
1033:magnets
996:use of
525:, with
417:) with
411:cations
377:formula
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179:brittle
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1336:oxygen
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710:nickel
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552:barium
373:spinel
366:barium
364:, or
324:), or
318:cobalt
286:nickel
282:spinel
224:Fe(II)
192:(e.g.
2854:S2CID
2725:S2CID
2707:arXiv
2676:S2CID
2658:arXiv
2558:S2CID
2433:(PDF)
2096:arXiv
2088:Small
1733:S2CID
1707:arXiv
1659:S2CID
1180:Ba Fe
1147:Sr Fe
1099:Sr Fe
1078:tesla
964:Co Fe
911:Co Fe
706:cores
506:Zn Fe
328:(MnFe
308:(MgFe
288:(NiFe
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3134:ISBN
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2328:MnFe
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2179:PMID
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1920:ISSN
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1051:and
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829:and
764:and
714:zinc
630:Sr O
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350:zinc
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138:and
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