276:, an imaginary fight between the novel's main hero and an octopus takes place. Hugo also comments on the allegations of similar events: ″An engraving in Sonnini's edition of Buffon represents a Cephaloptera crushing a frigate. Denis Montfort, in fact, considers the Poulp, or Octopod, of high latitudes, strong enough to destroy a ship. Bory Saint Vincent doubts this; but he shows that in our regions they will attack men. Near Brecq-Hou, in Sark, they show a cave where a devil-fish a few years since seized and drowned a lobster-fisher. Peron and Lamarck are in error in their belief that the "poulp" having no fins cannot swim. He who writes these lines has seen with his own eyes, at Sark, in the cavern called the Boutiques, a pieuvre swimming and pursuing a bather. When captured and killed, this specimen was found to be four English feet broad, and it was possible to count its four hundred suckers. The monster thrust them out convulsively in the agony of death.″ (The monster part) Other sources confirm one of the stories.
331:
occasionally be attacked by such a giant. The fact that there are few examples of this is obviously due to the fact that the giants do not come close to the surface. This is also our good fortune, because if it were not, it would certainly be a danger to boaters. Reliable witnesses report that the giant squid has attacked ships in recent times, even larger ships. The
Architeuthids purportedly swam around the ship traveling at a speed of 40 km/h (this is an amazing speed for an aquatic animal; we have no idea what their maximum speed is) and launched an attack. We can assume that the hull of the ship could have been viewed as the body of a
614:
119:
572:
245:. There is talk of a sea monster grabbing the mast of a ship off the coast of Angola with its arms and almost pulling the ship down into the abyss, on the occasion of which the lucky crew painted this great danger in a vow in the chapel of St. Thomas of Malo. He further talks about another creature in the wake of Montfort, Captain Dens; it pulled some sailors off the ship's rack with his arms near St. Ilona; the end of one arm, which was stuck in the rigging of the ship and which had been cut off, proved to be 25 feet long and had several rows of suction discs on it."
635:
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22:
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30:
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434:. One of the men was dragged away by the squid, and another, Lieutenant Raymond Edmund Grimani Cox, managed to narrowly escape the same fate, though suffering tentacle sucker wounds. The chronicle of the survivors was first told in 1941 by the London Illustrated News, which stated that, according to the account given them by Cox, a survivor first had his legs bitten off by a shark and then was devoured by a
298:
ferry in New York, leading to the loss of the ferry and commemorated by a bronze sculpture (installed in 2016), never actually occurred, nor was there any such ferry disaster. The artist responsible admitted it was "a multimedia art project and social experience – not maliciously – about how gullible
330:
The most common question that arises about giant squid is whether these huge animals attack humans or pose a threat to ships. We must answer this question in the affirmative, although certainly not in the case of large, modern cruise ships. There is no doubt, however, that a smaller ship or boat can
255:
An undetermined date (sometime in the early 20th century): A diver was attacked by a large octopus in the military port of Toulon. The diver reportedly lost consciousness and almost drowned, but the diver's companions were able to pull him out of the water and remove the octopus. It weighed about 60
517:
There is some disagreement on the veracity of
Humboldt squid aggression. Some scientists claim the only reports of aggression toward humans have occurred when reflective diving gear or flashing lights have been present, acting as provocation. Roger Uzun, a veteran scuba diver and amateur underwater
385:
was leaving
Colombo for Madras through the Bay of Bengal. In the distance, a small sailboat appeared, to which a huge crowd swam with whipping movements, and then climbed on it—it was a giant squid or giant octopus. The small ship soon capsized and then sank. The crew of the small boat got into the
280:
While octopuses generally avoid humans, attacks have occasionally been verified. For example, a 240-centimeter (8-foot) Pacific octopus, said to be nearly perfectly camouflaged, approached a diver and attempted to wrap itself around the diver and his camera. Another diver recorded the encounter on
370:
Sailors cleaning a ship near St. Ilona Island and Cape Nigra were attacked by a giant squid; two were pulled into the deep, and a third later died from injuries sustained during the attack. One of the squid's arms, severed during the attack, was 7.5 meters (25 ft) in length; the full arm was
446:, and the former further validated the story, assuring the marks, of 1-1/4 inches in size, belonged to a 23-feet long squid. The story has been called the only substantiated report of a giant squid killing humans. However, other authors have called it into question, considering it an
531:. Here, a California fisherman claims to have been attacked at a fish table one night as he tried to swim from one boat to another. In the same film, a Peruvian fisherman considers this animal to be life-threatening: If one gets between them, they will be dragged down into the deep.
335:, as the places they tried to bite into were where the brains are located. How true this assumption is will be revealed one day. So we shouldn't always think of giant squid stories as tales, but we also have to take into account that they are mostly thoroughly colored.
394:, weighing 140 tonnes (150 short tons). They claim they themselves shot the squid floating in silence, which made him furious and climbed onto the ship. Two sailors died in the squid arms, and a third disappeared (perhaps drowned). Five people escaped the
506:(Spanish for 'red devil'): Local fishermen's tales claim that people who fell into the waters were devoured within minutes by packs of squid. Wildlife filmmaker Scott Cassell made the documentary "Humboldt: The Man-eating Squid" for the
106: (roughly 100 pounds per square inch). Giant squids possess a serrated edge to their suckers, while colossal squid have developed it further into tentacle hooks; these hooks have been compared in size to the claws of a
463:
In 1989, Philippine fishermen rescued 12 survivors clinging to an overturned boat. They allege that a giant octopus or a giant squid turned the boat upside down, but did not attack them afterwards, although a 12-week-old boy
613:
479:(captain of the yacht) then stopped the boat, causing the squid to lose interest. "We didn't have anything to scare off this beast, so I don't know what we would have done if it hadn't let go", Kersauson said.
367:. They were attacked by a huge giant squid, but one of the fishermen cut off one of the squid's arms. Based on this, the length of the animal was subsequently estimated at 14 meters (46 ft) on the shore.
518:
videographer, swam with a swarm of
Humboldt squid for approximately 20 minutes, later saying they seemed more curious than aggressive. When not feeding or being hunted, Humboldt squid exhibit curious and
1224:"Robert Erwin Johnson. <italic>Guardians of the Sea: History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present</italic>. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. 1987. Pp. x, 412. $ 23.95"
360:. She sailed in the company of nine other ships when she was attacked by huge giant squids and dragged down into the deep. However, other sources claim the ship sank in a storm in 1782.
210:. Estimates of the number of recorded fatalities caused by blue-ringed octopuses vary, ranging from seven to sixteen deaths; most scholars agree that there have been at least eleven.
40:
on humans have been reported since ancient times. A significant portion of these attacks are questionable or unverifiable tabloid stories. Cephalopods are members of the class
417:. The animal tried unsuccessfully to grip the ship with its tentacles before being killed by the propellers. The story was validated by Commander Arne Groenningsaeter of the
252:(1869–1932) reports during his research in the Marquises Islands that a relative of one of the locals was killed by a large octopus living in the coastal countryside.
571:
1340:
460:
was apparently attacked by a giant squid. The ship's "NOFOUL" rubber coating was damaged with multiple cuts containing evidence of claws found in squid tentacles.
538:, fishermen report, among other things, that a fisherman was caught in the abyss by a squid. Another fisherman was bitten by the squid on his skull, breaking it.
173:
dissolve the soft flesh of the squid, leaving the hard beaks behind. The largest beak ever discovered in this way had a lower rostral length of 49 millimeters (
281:
video. The divers speculated that the octopus may have thought its reflection in the camera lens was a smaller octopus, which may have motivated it to attack.
1658:
634:
86:—octopi have eight arms, while squid and cuttlefish have eight arms and two tentacles. These tentacles are generally longer than arms and typically have
1493:
263:) off the coast of Angola, a huge 8-armed octopus climbed aboard. It was so severe that the ship capsized halfway. The rest of the story is unknown.
363:
Based on other sources, Hungarian traveler Dr. Endre Jékely tells several of the above stories: On 26 October 1873, 3 men were fishing in the
1673:
550:
906:
592:
199:, however, is considered to be one of the most venomous animals known; the venom of one is enough to kill ten adult humans. It uses the
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237:(1829–1884) was one of the most significant naturalists of the 19th century. In the section on the giant squid in his famous book,
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839:
364:
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378:, Newfoundland, was attacked by a giant squid. Numerous letters about the incident stated a severed tentacle was recovered.
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880:
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140:. Colossal squid use their beaks for shearing and slicing their prey's flesh to allow the pieces to travel the narrow
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352:
1479:
147:
One of the largest beaks ever recorded was on a 495-kilogram (1,091 lb) colossal squid. The beak had a lower
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381:
In 1874, a report appeared in an Indian newspaper stating that on 10 May of the current year, a ship called the
1432:
1072:
1047:
660:
320:
reports that a fisherman has been attacked by a giant octopus on the North
American coast of the Pacific Ocean.
719:
685:
Smith, Andrew M. (12 December 1995), "Cephalopod Sucker Design and the
Physical Limits to Negative Pressure",
438:, but in 1956, Cox himself contacted writer Frank W. Lane to tell his story. They required marine naturalist
1012:
1467:
357:
196:
1520:
1455:
627:, max. 10–12 m or 33–39 ft, according to older reports, up to 20–21 m or 66–69 ft)
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665:
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estimated to be 10 meters (33 ft). Based on this, the entire animal could have been much larger.
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421:, stating that the ship had not one, but three encounters with giant squids between 1930 and 1933.
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1788:
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519:
475:, France. The squid purportedly latched onto the ship and blocked the rudder with two tentacles.
439:
187: in), indicating that the original squid was 600 to 700 kilograms (1,300 to 1,500 lb).
1207:
Big stories about big squids: The story of the
Britannia and the birth of a wartime urban legend
946:
Crome, Wolfgang; Müller, Horst; Gottschalk, Rudolf; Kilias, Rudolf (1977). Farkas Henrik (ed.).
1738:
1637:
1161:
Man-Eaters: Horrifying True
Stories of Savage, Flesh-Eating Predators... and their Human Prey!
1806:
1423:
Burnett, Joseph W.; Rifkin, Jacquie F. (1996). Williamson, John A.; Fenner, Peter J. (eds.).
578:
398:. The squid body was said to be at least as thick as the small ship, with arms thick as wood.
288:
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241:, he mentions: "Most of the data on these giant octopuses can be found in Montfort’s book,
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are the major limbs used by squid for defense and hunting. They are often confused with
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have some of the largest tentacles in the world, with suckers capable of producing
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127:
74:
855:"SEE IT: California scuba divers interact with octopus who tries to take camera"
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The cephalopod beak resembles that of a parrot. It is a tough structure made of
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907:"New York monument honors victims of giant octopus attack that never occurred"
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60:. Some members of the group are capable of causing injury or death to humans.
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reported being attacked by a giant squid several hours after departing from
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Venomous and
Poisonous Marine Animals: a Medical and Biological Handbook
950:(in Hungarian) (2 ed.). Budapest: Gondolat Könyvkiadó. p. 327.
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390:. Its captain, James Flowyd, reported that the small ship was called
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1456:
https://archive.org/details/octopusordevilfi00leeh/page/n21/mode/2up
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1688:
826:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Toilers of the Sea, by Victor Hugo"
472:
165: in). Many beaks have also been discovered in the stomachs of
79:
57:
467:
In 2003, the crew of a yacht competing to win the round-the-world
1506:
502:
are notorious for their aggression. In Mexico, they are known as
99:
49:
424:
A giant squid allegedly attacked a raft with survivors from the
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kilograms (130 lb) and had legs 8 meters (26 ft) long.
410:
133:
1341:"Behold the Humboldt Squid – It's Hard Out Here for A Shrimp"
525:
Jeremy Wade deals with the
Humboldt squid in his documentary
414:
195:
All octopuses have venom, but few are fatally dangerous. The
107:
45:
904:
945:
734:
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only on their ends instead of along the entire length. The
302:
In the 1960s, divers would willingly grapple octopuses in
1399:. Season 1. Episode 4 (in Hungarian) – via YouTube.
954:
806:
794:
746:
1019:
881:"Giant Octopus Attacks Diver's Camera, Caught on Video"
33:
Another artistic illustration: Giant squid attacks boat
766:"Elsö Osztály: Lábasfejűek Vagy Polipok (Cephalopoda)"
405:
reported having been attacked by a giant squid in the
1163:, 2013, St. Martin's Publishing Group, 9781466859692
993:
981:
25:
An artistic illustration: Giant octopus attacks ship
1321:"Jumbo squid invade San Diego shores, spook divers"
219:
Octopus, including common and giant pacific octopus
386:water, but they were picked up by the crew of the
306:, a then-popular sport in coastal United States.
1819:
905:Associated Press in New York (1 October 2016).
1418:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Gondolat Könyvkiadó.
1144:Ocean: Reflections on a Century of Exploration
935:. Season 8. Episode 5 – via DailyMotion.
1487:
1422:
840:"Hugo in Sark: Notes from a small(er) island"
752:
740:
1446:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Franklin Társulat.
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136:and marks the beginning of the cephalopod's
16:Overview of attacks by cephalopods on humans
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1258:"A legendák és a valóság tengeri szörnyei"
324:
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1153:
1151:
722:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongawera
1192:, episode "Monsters of the Deep", 1978.
878:
487:
283:
222:
117:
28:
20:
1363:"River Monsters: Monster Sized Special"
948:Urania Állatvilág – Alsóbbrendű állatok
790:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Dante Kiadás.
1820:
1413:
1299:"Squidly – In Search of the Red Demon"
1148:
1037:
1025:
999:
987:
972:
852:
365:Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador)
1475:
879:Boisvert, Justin (20 February 2014).
684:
648:, max. 12–14 m or 39–46 ft)
564:, max. 1–2 m or 3.3–6.6 ft)
430:in 1941, which had been sunk in the
213:
1296:
1272:"Giant squid 'attacks French boat'"
1013:"Attack of the giant squid! (1874)"
977:. New York: Macmillan. p. 164.
13:
1107:. Jens Peters Publ., Berlin 1987,
14:
1844:
1387:
1328:. Associated Press. 17 July 2009.
1177:Kraken & The Colossal Octopus
853:Landau, Joel (17 February 2014).
606:, max. 1.5 m or 4.9 ft)
483:
1802:
1801:
1126:"SS Britannia - 1 November 1941"
1067:. London: Hutchinson Reference.
923:
720:"The Beak of the Colossal Squid"
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1092:In the Wake of the Sea Serpents
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687:Journal of Experimental Biology
401:In the 1930s, Norwegian tanker
243:The Natural History of Mollusks
1228:The American Historical Review
818:
776:
758:
712:
678:
661:Giant squid in popular culture
585:, max. 9 m or 30 ft)
534:In another film by naturalist
1:
1339:Zimmermann, Tim (July 2006).
1326:The Christian Science Monitor
671:
1063:Hendrickson, Robert (1992).
975:Famous Fighters of the Fleet
358:American War of Independence
151:length of 42.5 millimeters (
68:
7:
1442:Leidenfrost, Gyula (1936).
1040:There are Giants in the Sea
654:
374:In 1873, a fishing boat in
316:, in "Terror in Paradise",
197:greater blue-ringed octopus
63:
10:
1849:
1427:(4 ed.). UNSW Press.
646:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
542:
442:to examine Cox's scars at
125:
72:
1797:
1761:
1651:
1513:
753:Burnett & Rifkin 1996
741:Burnett & Rifkin 1996
666:Kraken in popular culture
294:The supposed attack on a
261:Voyage aux iles Malouines
1461:
1042:. London: Robson Books.
1038:Bright, Michael (1989).
190:
102:forces of more than 800
973:Fraser, Edward (1904).
440:John Cloudsley-Thompson
325:Giant or colossal squid
259:According to Pernetti (
206:, which quickly causes
113:
1828:Cephalopods and humans
1414:Jékely, Endre (1977).
1397:Swimming with Monsters
788:A haldokló szigetvilág
495:
347:
291:
230:
123:
122:A colossal squid beak.
34:
26:
699:10.1242/jeb.199.4.949
583:Enteroctopus dofleini
579:Giant Pacific octopus
491:
328:
289:Giant Pacific octopus
287:
226:
121:
44:, which includes all
32:
24:
1789:Seabather's eruption
1236:10.1086/ahr/94.3.892
929:"Terror in Paradise"
520:intelligent behavior
477:Olivier de Kersauson
419:Royal Norwegian Navy
356:participated in the
333:Patagonian Toothfish
1593:Black widow spider
1130:www.ssbritannia.org
340:Dr. Wolfgang Crome
310:In another part of
1173:Bernard Heuvelmans
1088:Bernard Heuvelmans
784:O'Brien, Frederick
496:
469:Jules Verne Trophy
292:
273:Toilers of the Sea
248:American traveler
231:
208:respiratory arrest
124:
38:Cephalopod attacks
35:
27:
1815:
1814:
1351:on 15 March 2008.
1278:. 15 January 2003
1103:Roland Hanewald,
1065:The Ocean Almanac
512:Discovery Channel
304:octopus wrestling
266:In French writer
250:Frederick O'Brien
214:Attacks on humans
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1389:Steve, Backshall
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1347:. Archived from
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1297:Cassell, Scott.
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1189:Mysterious World
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1159:Michael Bright,
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1142:Wolf H. Berger,
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1028:, p. 22–24.
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1015:. 4 August 2010.
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961:Leidenfrost 1936
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625:Architeuthis dux
616:
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562:Octopus vulgaris
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508:Dangerous Waters
444:Birkbeck College
350:The French ship
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186:
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138:digestive system
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1601:Recluse spider
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1416:A vizek óriásai
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1345:Outside Online
1331:
1311:
1289:
1263:
1249:
1215:
1211:War in History
1198:
1180:
1165:
1147:
1135:
1117:
1105:Das Tropenbuch
1096:
1080:
1073:
1055:
1048:
1030:
1018:
1004:
992:
980:
965:
953:
938:
933:River Monsters
916:
897:
871:
845:
831:
817:
805:
793:
775:
757:
745:
743:, p. 332.
733:
711:
693:(4): 949–958,
676:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
663:
656:
653:
652:
651:
642:Colossal squid
640:
639:
632:
630:
619:
618:
611:
609:
600:Humboldt squid
598:
597:
590:
588:
577:
576:
569:
567:
558:Common octopus
556:
555:
548:
544:
541:
540:
539:
532:
528:River Monsters
523:
515:
510:series of the
500:Humboldt squid
493:Humboldt squid
485:
484:Humboldt squid
482:
481:
480:
465:
461:
451:
432:South Atlantic
422:
399:
379:
376:Conception Bay
372:
368:
361:
353:Ville de Paris
337:
326:
323:
322:
321:
313:River Monsters
278:
277:
264:
257:
253:
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228:Common octopus
220:
217:
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212:
192:
189:
171:stomach juices
126:Main article:
115:
112:
96:colossal squid
73:Main article:
70:
67:
65:
62:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1769:Animal attack
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1729:Venomous fish
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1451:Other stories
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1444:Keserű tenger
1440:
1436:
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1417:
1412:
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1398:
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1384:
1369:. 27 May 2016
1368:
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1300:
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1237:
1233:
1230:. June 1989.
1229:
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1190:
1184:
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1113:3-923821-13-1
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1070:
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1059:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1002:, p. 29.
1001:
996:
990:, p. 28.
989:
984:
976:
969:
963:, p. 84.
962:
957:
949:
942:
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930:
926:
920:
912:
908:
901:
886:
882:
875:
860:
856:
849:
841:
835:
827:
821:
815:, p. 83.
814:
809:
803:, p. 82.
802:
797:
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771:
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453:In 1978, the
452:
449:
445:
441:
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433:
429:
428:
423:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:South Pacific
404:
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389:
384:
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373:
369:
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354:
349:
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336:
334:
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300:
299:people are".
297:
296:Staten Island
290:
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269:
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262:
258:
254:
251:
247:
244:
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236:
233:
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89:
85:
81:
76:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
31:
23:
19:
1689:Domestic cat
1622:
1602:
1595:latrodectism
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1555:
1542:
1514:Invertebrate
1503:Animal bites
1443:
1424:
1415:
1408:Bibliography
1396:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
1349:the original
1344:
1334:
1325:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1275:
1266:
1252:
1227:
1218:
1210:
1209:, May 2020,
1206:
1201:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1143:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1064:
1058:
1039:
1033:
1021:
1007:
995:
983:
974:
968:
956:
947:
941:
932:
925:Wade, Jeremy
919:
911:The Guardian
910:
900:
888:. Retrieved
885:The Escapist
884:
874:
862:. Retrieved
858:
848:
834:
820:
808:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
748:
736:
724:. Retrieved
714:
690:
686:
680:
645:
624:
603:
582:
561:
526:
507:
503:
456:
448:urban legend
425:
402:
395:
391:
387:
382:
351:
341:
329:
311:
301:
293:
279:
271:
260:
242:
238:
235:Alfred Brehm
204:tetrodotoxin
194:
167:sperm whales
146:
131:
78:
37:
36:
18:
1638:Sea anemone
1618:Bristleworm
1603:loxoscelism
1587:arachnidism
1579:demodicosis
1571:scorpionism
1026:Jékely 1977
1000:Jékely 1977
988:Jékely 1977
890:17 February
864:17 February
770:mek.oszk.hu
621:Giant squid
504:diablo rojo
436:giant manta
318:Jeremy Wade
268:Victor Hugo
104:kilopascals
92:giant squid
42:Cephalopoda
1822:Categories
1652:Vertebrate
1643:Sea urchin
1623:Cephalopod
1577:Skin mite
1434:0868402796
1282:12 January
1194:Video link
1074:0091773555
1049:0860514811
672:References
388:Strathowen
383:Strathowen
201:neurotoxin
58:nautiluses
54:cuttlefish
1779:Man-eater
1774:Cnidocyte
1684:Crocodile
1659:Alligator
1633:Jellyfish
1611:Millipede
1569:Scorpion
1556:pulicosis
1543:cimicosis
1526:Centipede
1521:Arthropod
1244:1937-5239
1115:, S. 188.
786:(1930s).
427:Britannia
403:Brunswick
270:'s novel
169:, as the
142:esophagus
80:Tentacles
69:Tentacles
50:octopuses
1807:Category
1719:Stingray
1562:Mosquito
1541:Bed bug
1373:2 August
1367:Pink Ink
1304:17 April
726:17 April
655:See also
473:Brittany
464:drowned.
409:between
344:, (1977)
338:—
64:Defenses
1699:Leopard
1585:Spider
1393:"Squid"
707:9318745
543:Gallery
182:⁄
160:⁄
149:rostral
100:suction
88:suckers
1734:Walrus
1704:Monkey
1679:Coyote
1674:Cougar
1669:Beaver
1531:Insect
1507:stings
1431:
1242:
1111:
1094:, p.78
1071:
1046:
705:
411:Hawaii
342:et al.
134:chitin
56:, and
1762:Other
1749:Dingo
1724:Tiger
1714:Snake
1709:Shark
1628:Coral
1554:Flea
1462:Other
1213:28(3)
457:Stein
415:Samoa
396:Pearl
392:Pearl
191:Venom
108:tiger
46:squid
1739:Wolf
1694:Orca
1664:Bear
1505:and
1429:ISBN
1375:2017
1306:2011
1284:2012
1240:ISSN
1109:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1044:ISBN
892:2022
866:2022
728:2011
703:PMID
455:USS
413:and
114:Beak
94:and
84:arms
1744:Dog
1549:Bee
1536:Ant
1276:BBC
1232:doi
695:doi
691:199
1824::
1395:.
1391:.
1365:.
1343:.
1324:.
1274:.
1238:.
1226:.
1175:,
1150:^
1128:.
1090:,
931:.
927:.
909:.
883:.
857:.
768:.
701:,
689:,
184:16
180:15
162:16
158:11
144:.
110:.
52:,
48:,
1495:e
1488:t
1481:v
1437:.
1377:.
1308:.
1286:.
1260:.
1246:.
1234::
1196:.
1132:.
1077:.
1052:.
913:.
894:.
868:.
842:.
828:.
755:.
730:.
697::
644:(
623:(
602:(
581:(
560:(
522:.
514:.
450:.
177:+
175:1
155:+
153:1
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