2310:
2227:
1478:
2253:
230:
The phonology of the
Santiam dialect, as described by Jacobs (1945) and analyzed by Banks (2007), is listed below. Banks notes that Jacobs' analysis does not rigorously account for allophonic variation, and that, according to Jacobs, there may have been some interchangeability between the velar and
2380:
192:
1727:
1737:
2351:
2415:
1396:
1770:
1015:
2390:
2405:
2344:
2400:
2395:
2375:
862:
Santiam
Kalapuya had three diphthongs: , , and . Vowel length may have been phonemic, /ɔ/ may have been an allophone of /u/.
2337:
2294:
1462:
2317:
591:
1389:
664:
648:
1855:
1833:
489:
1763:
1722:
911:
1492:
1008:
598:
366:
1987:
1164:
820:
1497:
1382:
826:
146:
peoples who inhabited the valley up through the middle of the 19th century. The language is closely related to
2370:
2231:
1756:
584:
575:
357:
629:
514:
502:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
422:
417:
412:
391:
379:
2184:
2083:
1001:
835:
797:
623:
480:
218:
2385:
2007:
1969:
1962:
1432:
1350:
1146:
1066:
851:
655:
614:
350:
343:
147:
2287:
1437:
754:
746:
738:
730:
722:
714:
706:
698:
690:
682:
605:
2325:
2268:
2122:
1235:
806:
385:
1452:
1335:
724:
716:
373:
210:
2192:
1732:
1055:
901:
473:
466:
2410:
2114:
2089:
1861:
1327:
748:
692:
684:
538:
531:
214:
2280:
1477:
1345:
732:
508:
186:
8:
2309:
2034:
1945:
1873:
1779:
1422:
1290:
1130:
1088:
1032:
496:
70:
903:
Atlas of
Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas
2066:
2057:
1890:
1442:
1093:
1041:
1024:
987:
954:
929:
708:
700:
551:
249:
244:
114:
2047:
2042:
1976:
1714:
1584:
1467:
1447:
1253:
1214:
1153:
1098:
907:
289:
269:
254:
131:
2208:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2149:
2103:
2016:
1996:
1916:
1842:
1805:
1679:
1644:
1639:
1619:
1589:
1517:
1340:
1314:
1279:
1223:
1203:
1180:
1119:
1110:
1075:
264:
180:
48:
761:. Banks also notes that /h/, /hʷ/, /dz/, /dʒ/, and /ɸʷ/ may have been allophones.
209:
Winefelly-Mohawk dialects, spoken in the southeastern
Willamette Valley along the
2159:
2096:
2023:
1849:
1694:
1649:
1599:
1512:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1268:
1229:
1082:
525:
259:
204:
143:
62:
2321:
2264:
2154:
1933:
1926:
1883:
1822:
1815:
1669:
1654:
1614:
1569:
1374:
1365:
1273:
1262:
1242:
1194:
1187:
1173:
814:
198:
151:
878:
2364:
1904:
1897:
1704:
1699:
1659:
1579:
1574:
1048:
779:
756:
740:
174:
167:
163:
155:
139:
30:
162:
Ahantchuyuk dialect, spoken in the northeastern
Willamette Valley along the
1629:
1543:
1538:
1533:
397:
713:. Jacobs possibly notes that the plosives also have voiced allophones, as
197:
Chelamela dialect, spoken in the southwestern
Willamette Valley along the
98:
1604:
791:
774:
636:
203:
Tsankupi dialect, spoken in the southeastern
Willamette Valley along the
173:
Santiam dialect, spoken in the central
Willamette Valley along the lower
158:
valleys. Dialects of
Central Kalapuya that have been identified include:
1502:
1457:
883:
843:
784:
1748:
179:
Luckiamute dialect, spoken in the central
Willamette Valley along the
1427:
993:
569:
332:
127:
107:
91:
1609:
1564:
1507:
282:
2252:
1689:
1674:
1624:
1594:
327:
185:
Chepenafa dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along
900:
Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tryon, Darrell T. (1996).
191:
Chemapho dialect, spoken in the central Willamette Valley along
2260:
1684:
1664:
1634:
135:
41:
1559:
16:
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
1963:
Northern Kalapuya (Tualatin dialect (Tfalati, Atfalati))
1905:
Upper Chinook (Kiksht, Columbia Chinook, Wasco-Wishram)
2043:
Sahaptin (Shahaptin, Sħáptənəxw, Ichishkíin Sɨ́nwit)
899:
2381:
Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest Coast
928:
2362:
1404:
130:language indigenous to the central and southern
2345:
2288:
1764:
1390:
1009:
1970:Northern Kalapuya (Yamhill dialect (Yamell))
1843:Lower Rogue River (Tututni, Upper Coquille)
955:"The Verbal Morphology of Santiam Kalapuya"
2416:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
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1771:
1757:
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935:. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
1723:Native American peoples of Oregon history
988:The Verbal Morphology of Santiam Kalapuya
142:. It was spoken by various bands of the
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1463:Western Oregon Indian Termination Act
1378:
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920:
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2318:Indigenous languages of the Americas
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2247:
1850:Upper Rogue River (Galice-Applegate)
939:
2123:Northern Paiute (Numu and Paviotso)
13:
2391:Extinct languages of North America
2017:Klamath-Modoc (Klamath, Lutuamian)
990:(Northwest Journal of Linguistics)
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14:
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959:Northwest Journal of Linguistics
55:with the death of John B. Hudson
2396:Languages extinct in the 1950s
2376:Indigenous languages of Oregon
893:
1:
865:
234:
2324:. You can help Knowledge by
2316:This article related to the
2267:. You can help Knowledge by
1977:Yoncalla (Southern Kalapuya)
1405:Indigenous peoples in Oregon
225:
7:
697:likely had syllabic forms:
10:
2432:
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2246:
1956:Central Kalapuya (Santiam)
1791:indicate extinct languages
1433:Northern Kalapuya language
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2135:
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2006:
1986:
1943:
1914:
1871:
1832:
1823:Yaquina (Yakwina, Yakona)
1803:
1796:
1786:
1713:
1552:
1526:
1485:
1474:
1438:Oregon Penutian languages
1418:Central Kalapuya language
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1359:
1326:
1289:
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1213:
1163:
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927:Jacobs, Melville (1945).
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84:
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953:Banks, Jonathan (2007).
889:(subscription required)
2263:-related article is a
2193:American Sign Language
1934:Miluk (Lower Coquille)
2090:Plateau Sign Language
1988:Oregon Coast Penutian
219:Coast Fork Willamette
2371:Kalapuyan languages
1780:Languages of Oregon
1493:Bridge of the Gods
1443:Salishan languages
1351:Southern Tsimshian
1025:Penutian languages
2386:Willamette Valley
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2332:
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2216:
2131:
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1746:
1745:
1468:Yoncalla language
1448:Shastan languages
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1371:
1366:extinct languages
1147:Northern Kalapuya
887:(18th ed., 2015)
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678:
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148:Northern Kalapuya
132:Willamette Valley
124:Central Kalapuyan
121:
120:
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2354:
2347:
2340:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2255:
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2150:American English
2140:
2139:
2084:Plains Sign Talk
2008:Plateau Penutian
1801:
1800:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1518:Rogue River Wars
1480:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1140:Central Kalapuya
1018:
1011:
1004:
995:
994:
975:
974:
972:
970:
950:
937:
936:
934:
924:
918:
917:
897:
891:
890:
879:Central Kalapuya
876:
854:
838:
829:
823:
809:
800:
769:
768:
760:
752:
744:
736:
728:
720:
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704:
696:
688:
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617:
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393:
388:
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360:
353:
346:
337:
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315:
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305:
300:
295:
288:
281:
276:
239:
238:
181:Luckiamute River
150:, spoken in the
117:
101:
94:
76:Central Kalapuya
65:
22:Central Kalapuya
19:
18:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2302:
2301:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2213:
2197:
2179:
2127:
2109:
2072:
2052:
2029:
2002:
1982:
1939:
1910:
1867:
1828:
1792:
1782:
1777:
1747:
1742:
1733:Pioneer history
1728:History to 1806
1709:
1650:Northern Paiute
1548:
1522:
1513:Missoula Floods
1498:Kalapuya Treaty
1481:
1472:
1406:
1403:
1373:
1368:
1355:
1336:Coast Tsimshian
1322:
1285:
1248:
1236:Southern Patwin
1209:
1159:
1125:
1105:
1061:
1027:
1022:
984:
979:
978:
968:
966:
951:
940:
925:
921:
914:
898:
894:
888:
877:
873:
868:
767:
331:
237:
231:uvular series.
228:
205:Calapooia River
113:
97:
90:
80:
66:
63:Language family
61:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2429:
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2205:
2203:
2199:
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2132:
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2119:
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2027:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1884:Chinook Jargon
1879:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1829:
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1819:
1816:Alsea (Alséya)
1811:
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1798:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1776:
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1768:
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1740:
1738:Modern history
1735:
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1725:
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1717:
1715:Oregon history
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991:
983:
982:External links
980:
977:
976:
938:
931:Kalapuya Texts
919:
912:
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870:
869:
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199:Long Tom River
195:
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119:
118:
111:
103:
102:
95:
87:
86:
85:Language codes
82:
81:
79:
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69:
67:
60:
57:
56:
51:
45:
44:
38:
34:
33:
28:
27:Native to
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2428:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
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2329:
2327:
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2307:
2306:
2298:
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2257:
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2250:
2249:
2245:
2234:
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2224:
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2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
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2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:Indo-European
2141:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
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2091:
2087:
2085:
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2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
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2064:
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2061:
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2044:
2041:
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2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
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1967:
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1960:
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1947:
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1935:
1931:
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1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1898:Lower Chinook
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
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1856:Siletz Dee-ni
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1705:Wasco/Wishram
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1057:
1056:Upper Chinook
1053:
1051:
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1049:Lower Chinook
1046:
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1038:
1036:
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913:9783110134179
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175:Santiam River
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140:United States
137:
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52:
50:
46:
43:
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35:
32:
31:United States
29:
25:
20:
2411:Oregon stubs
2326:expanding it
2315:
2269:expanding it
2258:
2243:
2230:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2077:Unclassified
2065:
2022:
2015:
1995:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1932:
1927:Hanis (Coos)
1925:
1915:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1872:
1862:Upper Umpqua
1860:
1848:
1841:
1821:
1814:
1804:
1788:
1544:Mount Mazama
1539:Celilo Falls
1534:Fort Clatsop
1417:
1361:
1313:
1278:
1261:
1241:
1234:
1222:
1202:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:Coast Oregon
1152:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1118:
1081:
1074:
1054:
1047:
1040:
967:. Retrieved
962:
958:
930:
922:
902:
895:
882:
874:
861:
680:
229:
123:
122:
106:
75:
2185:French Sign
2115:Uto-Aztecan
1453:Thunderbird
1328:Tsimshianic
681:The nasals
637:Approximant
193:Muddy Creek
187:Marys River
2365:Categories
1834:Athabaskan
1797:Indigenous
1503:Cayuse War
884:Ethnologue
866:References
235:Consonants
40:Northwest
2136:Immigrant
2067:Tillamook
2035:Sahaptian
1946:Kalapuyan
1891:Kathlamet
1874:Chinookan
1680:Tillamook
1645:Nez Perce
1640:Multnomah
1620:Klickitat
1590:Clackamas
1428:Longhouse
1423:Chinookan
1364:indicate
1291:Yok-Utian
1131:Kalapuyan
1094:Nez Perce
1089:Sahaptian
1042:Kathlamet
1033:Chinookan
969:1 January
965:(2): 1–98
570:Fricative
408:aspirated
333:Affricate
226:Phonology
128:Kalapuyan
108:Glottolog
92:ISO 639-3
71:Kalapuyan
2232:Category
2058:Salishan
2048:Umatilla
1695:Umatilla
1610:Kalapuya
1600:Coquille
1565:Atfalati
1508:Potlatch
1154:Yoncalla
1099:Sahaptin
815:Open-mid
461:ejective
283:sibilant
250:Alveolar
245:Bilabial
211:McKenzie
152:Tualatin
144:Kalapuya
115:kala1400
2209:Finnish
2175:Swedish
2170:Spanish
2165:Russian
2104:Takelma
1997:Siuslaw
1789:Italics
1700:Umpquat
1690:Tututni
1675:Takelma
1670:Siuslaw
1655:Santiam
1625:Latgawa
1615:Klamath
1595:Clatsop
1585:Chinook
1570:Bannock
1362:Italics
1346:Nisga’a
1341:Gitksan
1280:Nisenan
1254:Maiduan
1224:Nomlaki
1215:Wintuan
1204:Siuslaw
1120:Takelma
1111:Takelma
1076:Klamath
1067:Plateau
780:Central
328:Plosive
290:lateral
270:Glottal
255:Palatal
168:Molalla
164:Pudding
156:Yamhill
138:in the
53:c. 1954
49:Extinct
2261:Oregon
2202:Uralic
2160:German
2097:Cayuse
2024:Molala
1917:Coosan
1806:Alsean
1685:Tolowa
1665:Siletz
1660:Shasta
1635:Molala
1580:Chetco
1575:Cayuse
1553:People
1527:Places
1486:Events
1458:Wapato
1411:Topics
1315:Ohlone
1299:Yokuts
1269:Konkow
1230:Patwin
1181:Coosan
1174:Alsean
1083:Molala
910:
765:Vowels
753:, and
265:Uvular
221:rivers
217:, and
215:Mohawk
170:rivers
136:Oregon
126:was a
42:Oregon
37:Region
2320:is a
2259:This
2155:Dutch
1630:Modoc
1560:Alsea
1309:Miwok
1304:Utian
1274:Maidu
1263:Chico
1243:Wintu
1195:Miluk
1188:Hanis
792:Close
775:Front
759:]
755:[
751:]
747:[
743:]
739:[
735:]
731:[
727:]
723:[
719:]
715:[
711:]
707:[
703:]
699:[
695:]
691:[
687:]
683:[
526:Nasal
338:plain
316:plain
306:plain
296:plain
277:plain
260:Velar
2322:stub
2265:stub
1605:Coos
971:2016
908:ISBN
844:Open
785:Back
705:and
689:and
321:lab.
311:lab.
301:lab.
166:and
154:and
881:at
515:qʷʼ
503:kʷʼ
490:tʃʼ
481:tsʼ
450:qʷʰ
440:kʷʰ
430:tʃʰ
423:tsʰ
134:in
99:kyl
2367::
961:.
957:.
941:^
906:.
824:~
757:ɢʷ
745:,
741:ɡʷ
737:,
729:,
721:,
709:n̩
701:m̩
630:hʷ
509:qʼ
497:kʼ
474:tʼ
467:pʼ
445:qʰ
435:kʰ
418:tʰ
413:pʰ
392:qʷ
380:kʷ
367:tʃ
358:ts
213:,
2353:e
2346:t
2339:v
2328:.
2296:e
2289:t
2282:v
2271:.
1772:e
1765:t
1758:v
1398:e
1391:t
1384:v
1017:e
1010:t
1003:v
973:.
963:1
916:.
852:a
836:ɔ
827:ɛ
821:æ
807:u
798:i
749:ɢ
733:ɡ
725:d
717:b
693:n
685:m
665:w
656:j
649:l
624:h
615:χ
606:x
599:ʃ
592:ɬ
585:s
576:ɸ
552:ŋ
539:n
532:m
398:ʔ
386:q
374:k
351:t
344:p
330:/
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