42:
1128:
373:
315:, and two others proceed across the Volga river to the North Caucasus-Moscow transmission system. The diameter of most pipelines varies from 1,020 to 1,420 millimetres (40 to 56 in). Current capacity of the system is 44 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year. An agreement is in place to increase capacity to 55 bcm per year by 2010 and through modernization there is potential to increase capacity to 90 bcm per year.
359:
286:
Almost all Uzbek and
Turkmen natural gas is delivered through the CAC pipeline system, mainly through the eastern branch due to location of production sites and poor technical condition of the western branch. CAC-1, 2, 4 and 5 pipelines are supplied from gas fields in the South-East of Turkmenistan,
342:
On 20 December 2007, Russia, Turkmenistan and
Kazakhstan agreed to construct a new Caspian pipeline parallel to the existing CAC-3 pipeline. The pipeline is planned be built between Belek compressor station in Turkmenistan and Alexandrov Gay compressor station. Capacity of the new pipeline will be
233:. The eastern branch includes the Central Asia – Center (CAC) 1, 2, 4 and 5 pipelines, which start from the south-eastern gas fields of Turkmenistan. The western branch consists of the CAC-3 pipeline and a project to build a new parallel Caspian pipeline. The western branch runs from the
41:
273:
of
Turkmenistan signed a memorandum for renovation and expansion of the western branch of the pipeline. On 20 December 2007, Russia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan finalized agreement on construction of the Caspian Coastal Pipeline parallel to the existing CAC-3 pipeline (known as
249:
Basin, and the first section of the pipeline was completed in 1960. CAC-1 and 2 were commissioned in 1969 and CAC-4 was commissioned in 1973. In 1976, two parallel lines were laid between
Shatlyk compressor station and
1163:
237:
coast of
Turkmenistan to north. The branches meet in western Kazakhstan. From there the pipelines run to north where they are connected to the Russian natural gas pipeline system.
1151:
318:
The western branch originates at Okarem near the
Turkmenistan–Iran border and runs north. It is supplied by gas from fields scattered along the Caspian coast between Okarem and
525:
1026:
1267:
476:
557:
334:, the western system consists of 710 millimetres (30 in) diameter pipeline, and between Hazar and Beyneau 1,220 millimetres (50 in) diameter pipeline.
17:
613:
422:
995:
391:
1199:
1262:
1272:
1092:
1068:
254:. CAC-5 was commissioned in 1985 and in 1986-88 the Dauletabad–Khiva line was connected. The western branch (CAC-3) was constructed in 1972–1975.
794:
1312:
1292:
1247:
1187:
664:
1297:
1257:
1252:
907:
1302:
529:
1307:
1287:
1242:
1044:
988:
1322:
929:
764:
564:
981:
712:
483:
386:
245:
The system was built between 1960 and 1988. Construction began after discovery of
Turkmenistan's Dzharkak field in the
1062:
967:
681:
401:
261:
proposed to renovate existing systems and construct a new parallel pipeline to the western branch. On 12 May 2007,
1277:
743:
1169:
1145:
827:
429:
347:. Construction of the pipeline was to start in the second half of 2009. However, the project was mothballed.
1317:
291:. The eastern branch starts from the Dauletabad field and continues through the Shatlyk gas field east of
1181:
673:
558:"International Gas Trade in Central Asia: Turkmenistan, Iran, Russia and Afghanistan. Working Paper #28"
1282:
1038:
857:
804:
396:
311:
CAC pipelines meet with Soyuz and
Orenburg–Novopskov pipelines. From there two lines run northwest to
1193:
1050:
768:
270:
1220:
687:
645:
596:
511:
461:
303:
compressor station in
Uzbekistan. From Kungrad, most of the gas is carried via Kazakhstan to the
275:
1175:
973:
344:
1074:
632:
583:
498:
448:
835:
423:"The Russian Energy Strategy & Energy Policy: Pipeline Diplomacy or Mutual Dependence?"
288:
266:
90:
8:
331:
1127:
964:
Pipeline
Politics in Asia: The Intersection of Demand, Energy Markets, and Supply Routes
1116:
1004:
258:
963:
937:
885:
677:
295:
to Khiva, Uzbekistan. From there the pipeline system transports gas north-west along
1157:
1104:
323:
862:
614:"Privatization of the Power and Natural Gas Industries in Hungary and Kazakhstan"
713:"Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan agree to renovate the Caspian gas pipeline"
772:
308:
304:
262:
123:
716:
1236:
1086:
1080:
886:"Turkmenistan-Russia Breakthrough: Resuming Gas Supplies, Building Pipelines"
378:
364:
168:
164:
1098:
330:
compressor station, where it meets the eastern branch of the CAC. South of
218:
94:
60:
962:
Chow, Edward, "Central Asia’s Pipelines: Field of Dreams and Reality," in
1056:
1017:
234:
172:
1110:
319:
226:
222:
68:
64:
739:
1136:
740:"Moscow and Ashgabat fail to agree over the Caspian Coastal Pipeline"
296:
246:
137:
795:"Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan agree landmark gas pipeline deal"
27:
Gazprom pipeline in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Russia
343:
20–30 bcm per year and it would be supplied from the planned
1216:
933:
372:
300:
214:
160:
109:
1003:
1008:
799:
327:
312:
230:
127:
113:
72:
563:. Stanford Institute for International Studies. Archived from
474:
292:
251:
105:
930:"Russia, Turkmenistan extend Caspian gas link freeze-paper"
217:
controlled system of natural gas pipelines, which run from
765:"Putin deal torpedoes Trans-Caspian gas pipeline plans"
526:"Uzbekistan's Unlikely Dream to Supply Europe with Gas"
908:"Putin Okays Caspian Gas Pipe Accord for Ratification"
477:"Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes"
354:
555:
46:
Location of Central Asia–Center gas pipeline system
1268:Buildings and structures built in the Soviet Union
428:. Conflict Studies Research Centre. Archived from
1234:
900:
737:
475:Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff (November 2008).
420:
858:"Russia seals Central Asian gas pipeline deal"
989:
922:
528:. silkroadreporters.com. 2015. Archived from
278:–Europe pipeline or Okarem–Beineu pipeline).
855:
659:
657:
655:
257:In 2003, the late President of Turkmenistan
608:
606:
337:
1188:Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline
996:
982:
40:
1263:Natural gas pipelines in the Soviet Union
878:
828:"Turkmenistan, Natural Gas, and the West"
731:
652:
211:Central Asia – Center gas pipeline system
1093:Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline
715:. Kazinform. 14 May 2007. Archived from
603:
392:Bukhara–Tashkent–Bishkek–Almaty pipeline
1273:1969 establishments in the Soviet Union
35:Central Asia–Center gas pipeline system
18:Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system
14:
1235:
551:
549:
547:
1248:Natural gas pipelines in Turkmenistan
977:
888:. News Central Asia. 23 December 2009
826:Daly, John C. K. (14 December 2007).
281:
910:. Downstream Today. 11 November 2008
825:
1258:Natural gas pipelines in Kazakhstan
1253:Natural gas pipelines in Uzbekistan
819:
619:. World Bank. December 1999. WTP451
544:
484:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
468:
421:Michael Fredholm (September 2005).
414:
307:gas metering station in Russia. At
24:
956:
849:
738:Robert M. Cutler (4 August 2009).
25:
1334:
1313:Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan relations
1293:Kazakhstan–Turkmenistan relations
968:National Bureau of Asian Research
936:. 23 October 2010. Archived from
856:Isabel Gorst (20 December 2007).
705:
1126:
1045:Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline
556:Martha Brill Olcott (May 2004).
371:
357:
1298:Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan relations
1243:Natural gas pipelines in Russia
787:
744:Central Asia-Caucasus Institute
387:Central Asia–China gas pipeline
757:
518:
13:
1:
1323:Eurasian economic integration
1303:Russia–Turkmenistan relations
1063:Dzuarikau–Tskhinvali pipeline
803:. 13 May 2007. Archived from
771:. 17 May 2007. Archived from
407:
402:Kazakhstan–China oil pipeline
195:2,000 km (1,200 mi)
203:90 billion cubic meters
7:
1308:Russia–Uzbekistan relations
1288:Kazakhstan–Russia relations
1182:Caspian Pipeline Consortium
1164:Uzen–Atyrau–Samara pipeline
674:International Energy Agency
350:
10:
1339:
1170:Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline
1152:Tikhoretsk–Tuapse pipeline
1146:Grozny–Tuapse oil pipeline
397:Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline
240:
1221:Togliatti–Odessa pipeline
1209:
1194:Baltic Pipeline System-II
1135:
1124:
1016:
271:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
199:
191:
186:
178:
156:
148:
143:
133:
119:
100:
86:
78:
56:
51:
39:
34:
1069:Baku–Novo Filya pipeline
338:Caspian coastal pipeline
1027:Saratov–Moscow pipeline
1278:Energy in Central Asia
1176:Baltic Pipeline System
640:Cite journal requires
591:Cite journal requires
506:Cite journal requires
456:Cite journal requires
1051:Yamal–Europe pipeline
832:Eurasia Daily Monitor
326:in Kazakhstan to the
187:Technical information
836:Jamestown Foundation
775:on 27 September 2007
769:New Europe (Belgium)
532:on 16 September 2016
322:. It continues via
289:Dauletabad gas field
267:Nursultan Nazarbayev
91:Dauletabad gas field
1318:Soviet Central Asia
1033:Central Asia–Center
807:on 20 February 2008
666:Caspian Oil and Gas
570:on 4 September 2008
435:on 29 November 2007
144:General information
104:Shatlyk gas field,
1117:Altai gas pipeline
940:on 1 February 2013
345:East–West pipeline
282:Technical features
269:of Kazakhstan and
259:Saparmurat Niyazov
1283:Gazprom pipelines
1230:
1229:
1200:Murmansk Pipeline
1075:Bovanenkovo–Ukhta
1011:by year of launch
207:
206:
200:Maximum discharge
79:General direction
16:(Redirected from
1330:
1158:Druzhba pipeline
1130:
1105:Power of Siberia
1005:Pipeline systems
998:
991:
984:
975:
974:
950:
949:
947:
945:
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
882:
876:
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871:
853:
847:
846:
844:
842:
823:
817:
816:
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812:
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
761:
755:
754:
752:
750:
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
693:on 10 April 2008
692:
686:. Archived from
671:
661:
650:
649:
643:
638:
636:
628:
626:
624:
618:
610:
601:
600:
594:
589:
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569:
562:
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522:
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504:
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494:
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459:
454:
452:
444:
442:
440:
434:
427:
418:
381:
376:
375:
367:
362:
361:
360:
287:mainly from the
82:south–north-east
44:
32:
31:
21:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1210:Other pipelines
1205:
1139:(oil) pipelines
1131:
1122:
1039:Northern Lights
1012:
1002:
959:
957:Further reading
954:
953:
943:
941:
928:
927:
923:
913:
911:
906:
905:
901:
891:
889:
884:
883:
879:
869:
867:
863:Financial Times
854:
850:
840:
838:
824:
820:
810:
808:
793:
792:
788:
778:
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763:
762:
758:
748:
746:
736:
732:
722:
720:
719:on 9 March 2010
711:
710:
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684:
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629:
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560:
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377:
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363:
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353:
340:
284:
243:
171:
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163:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1336:
1326:
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1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
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1245:
1228:
1227:
1225:
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1213:
1211:
1207:
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1203:
1197:
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1185:
1179:
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1140:
1133:
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1125:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1108:
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1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
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1023:
1021:
1014:
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1001:
1000:
993:
986:
978:
972:
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958:
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921:
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818:
786:
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682:
651:
642:|journal=
602:
593:|journal=
543:
517:
508:|journal=
467:
458:|journal=
412:
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409:
406:
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399:
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368:
352:
349:
339:
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309:Alexandrov Gay
305:Alexandrov Gay
283:
280:
263:Vladimir Putin
242:
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205:
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141:
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135:
134:Runs alongside
131:
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124:Alexandrov Gay
121:
117:
116:
102:
101:Passes through
98:
97:
88:
84:
83:
80:
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58:
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1129:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:Nord Stream 2
1085:
1082:
1081:Nord Stream 1
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
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909:
903:
887:
881:
865:
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837:
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829:
822:
806:
802:
801:
796:
790:
774:
770:
766:
760:
745:
741:
734:
718:
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689:
685:
683:92-64-16095-7
679:
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609:
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585:
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531:
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379:Energy portal
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365:Russia portal
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169:Uzbekneftegas
166:
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147:
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132:
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81:
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66:
62:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1099:South Stream
1032:
942:. Retrieved
938:the original
924:
912:. Retrieved
902:
890:. Retrieved
880:
868:. Retrieved
861:
851:
839:. Retrieved
831:
821:
809:. Retrieved
805:the original
798:
789:
777:. Retrieved
773:the original
759:
747:. Retrieved
733:
721:. Retrieved
717:the original
707:
695:. Retrieved
688:the original
665:
633:cite journal
621:. Retrieved
584:cite journal
572:. Retrieved
565:the original
534:. Retrieved
530:the original
520:
499:cite journal
487:. Retrieved
470:
449:cite journal
437:. Retrieved
430:the original
416:
341:
317:
285:
256:
244:
219:Turkmenistan
210:
208:
179:Commissioned
112:, Cheleken,
95:Turkmenistan
93:and Okarem,
61:Turkmenistan
29:
1196:(2012–2013)
1101:(cancelled)
1095:(2011–2012)
1089:(suspended)
1083:(2011–2012)
1057:Blue Stream
1041:(1975–1994)
1035:(1960–1988)
1018:Natural gas
914:22 November
870:20 December
749:21 December
723:21 December
697:21 December
623:21 December
574:20 December
536:7 September
489:12 November
439:21 December
265:of Russia,
235:Caspian Sea
173:KazMunayGas
152:natural gas
1237:Categories
1202:(proposed)
1119:(proposed)
1111:TurkStream
944:28 October
841:28 October
408:References
320:Balkanabat
227:Kazakhstan
223:Uzbekistan
165:Türkmengaz
69:Kazakhstan
65:Uzbekistan
1137:Petroleum
1020:pipelines
297:Amu Darya
247:Amu Darya
138:Amu Darya
866:. London
676:. 1998.
351:See also
157:Partners
52:Location
1217:Ammonia
970:, 2010)
934:Reuters
301:Kungrad
299:to the
276:Bekdash
241:History
215:Gazprom
161:Gazprom
110:Kungrad
57:Country
1223:(1981)
1190:(2010)
1184:(2004)
1178:(2001)
1172:(1997)
1166:(1971)
1160:(1964)
1154:(1962)
1148:(1928)
1113:(2020)
1107:(2019)
1077:(2011)
1071:(2010)
1065:(2009)
1059:(2003)
1053:(1997)
1047:(1983)
1029:(1946)
1009:Russia
892:29 May
811:19 May
800:Forbes
779:19 May
680:
328:Beyneu
313:Moscow
231:Russia
192:Length
128:Russia
114:Beyneu
73:Russia
691:(PDF)
670:(PDF)
617:(PDF)
568:(PDF)
561:(PDF)
480:(PDF)
433:(PDF)
426:(PDF)
332:Hazar
293:Tejen
252:Khiva
213:is a
106:Khiva
946:2010
916:2008
894:2010
872:2007
843:2010
813:2007
781:2007
751:2007
725:2007
699:2007
678:ISBN
646:help
625:2007
597:help
576:2007
538:2016
512:help
491:2008
462:help
441:2007
324:Uzen
225:and
221:via
209:The
182:1969
149:Type
87:From
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
