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329:) of the XI Corps. Both had seen heavy action on July 1 and they consisted of, respectively, 650 and 500 officers and men. Harris's men were stationed at a low stone wall on the northern end of the hill and wrapped around onto Brickyard Lane at the base of the hill. (Brickyard Lane was also known at the time as Winebrenner's Lane and today is named Wainwright Avenue.) Von Gilsa's brigade was scattered along the lane as well as on the hill. Two regiments, the 41st New York and the 33rd Massachusetts, were stationed in Culp's Meadow beyond Brickyard Lane in expectation of an attack by Johnson's division. More westerly on the hill were the divisions of Maj. Gens.
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95:, 80 feet (24 m) above the town center, about 100 feet (30 m) above Winebrenner's Run at its base. Its crest extends in a southwest–northeast direction for about 700 yards (640 m). A shallow saddle on the crest about 150 yards (140 m) from its northeast slope is the point where the Baltimore Pike crosses the hill and separates East Cemetery Hill from the remainder. The slopes to the north and west rise gradually; on East Cemetery Hill, the rise is steeper. The hill is crossed by the
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attacked suddenly and violently and entered the battery's position but insist that they were there only briefly." The collapse of "Cemetery Hill, the keystone of the Union line," "would have certainly required Meade to at least abandon his position" at
Gettysburg, but the following day, artillery anchored here aided the repulse of the famous attack by Pickett, Pettigrew, Trimble, Wilcox & Lang.
190:, to attack and capture Cemetery Hill. Smith thought Union troops were approaching from the east, which caused Early to delay his attack on the hill to defend against the supposed threat. There proved to be no significant Union troop movements from the east, and Smith was the only brigadier general not commended by Early after the battle.
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damage from this fire, they returned counterbattery fire with a vengeance. Cemetery Hill is over 50 feet (15 m) taller than Benner's Hill, and the geometry of artillery science meant that the Union gunners had a decided advantage. Ewell's four batteries were forced to withdraw with heavy losses, and his best artillerist, 19-year-old
428:, the leading brigade commander, saw the futility of a night assault against two lines of Union troops behind stone walls, backed up by significant artillery. Rodes's after-battle report also expressed concern about a lack of cooperation from the adjoining division on A.P. Hill's left flank. Maj. Gen.
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the line, and soon some of the
Confederates had reached the batteries at the top of the hill, while others fought in the darkness with the four remaining Union regiments on the line behind the stone wall. On the crest of the hill, the gunners of Captain Michael Wiedrich's New York battery and Captain
298:. They stepped off from a line parallel to Winebrenner's Run, a narrow tributary of Rock Creek to the southeast of town. Hays commanded five Louisiana regiments, which together numbered only about 1,200 officers and men. Avery had three North Carolina regiments totaling 900. The brigade of Brig. Gen.
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to rush from
Cemetery Ridge and assist the defenders. They arrived at the double-quick, charging through the dark from the cemetery, just as the Confederate attack was starting to ebb. Carroll's men secured Ricketts's battery and swept the North Carolinians down the hill. Over at Wiedrich's battery,
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75 North
Carolinians of the Sixth Regiment and 12 Louisianians of Hays's brigade scaled the walls and planted the colors of the Sixth North Carolina and Ninth Louisiana on the guns. It was now fully dark. The enemy stood with tenacity never before displayed by them, but with bayonet, clubbed musket,
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against the Ohio regiments at the stone wall. Just beforehand, Ames had sent the 17th
Connecticut from its place on the left of the line to a position in the center. This left a gap, which Hays's Louisianans exploited, and they bounded over the stone wall. Other troops exploited other weak spots in
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and the Second Corps were assigned the mission of launching a simultaneous demonstration against the Union right, a minor attack that was intended to distract and pin down the Union defenders against
Longstreet. Ewell was to exploit any success his demonstration might achieve by following up with a
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Losses on both sides were severe; among the casualties was Col. Avery, who was struck in the neck by a musket ball, felling him from his horse, where he was discovered after the charge by several of his soldiers and Major Tate of the 6th North
Carolina. Unable to speak from his mortal wound, Avery
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Harry Pfanz provides an alternative view that contrasts with Tate's: "Although the
Confederates wrote and spoke of occupying the crest of the hill and capturing the batteries there, Union accounts concede less Confederate success. The sparse accounts of Wiedrich's battery say that the Confederates
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operated on the west side of
Cemetery Hill along the Taneytown Road. The areas on the northern and western slopes of the hill are now largely occupied by tourist-related businesses (hotels, restaurants, gift shops, battlefield tour agencies, private museums, etc.). The military importance of the
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Post-battle, East
Cemetery Hill was occupied for several weeks by state militiamen, who established a tented camp site to maintain a military presence, secure the battlefield from looters and curiosity seekers, collect remaining military weapons, and provide manpower and services for the area's
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Ewell began his demonstration at 4 p.m. upon hearing the sound of Longstreet's guns to the south. For three hours, he chose to limit his demonstration to an artillery barrage from Benner's Hill, about a mile (1,600 m) to the northeast. Although the Union defenders on Cemetery Hill received some
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was in command of Pender's division. Ewell sent a staff officer to speak with Lane, who explained that his orders were to attack if a "favorable opportunity presented." When Ewell informed Lane that his attack was starting and requested cooperation, Lane sent back no reply.
345:, commanded the artillery batteries on the hill and on Stevens Knoll. The relatively steep slope of East Cemetery Hill made artillery fire difficult to direct against infantry because the gun barrels could not be depressed sufficiently, but they did their best with
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On July 3, there was no infantry attack on Cemetery Hill; the primary Confederate attacks were on Culp's Hill and on the lower portion of Cemetery Ridge. Union cannons on Cemetery Hill counter fired on the Confederate artillery barrage that preceded
424:'s division was not ready to attack until Early's fight was almost over. It had filed west from the town and into the fields along the dirt path that is now Long Lane, where it stopped after advancing a short distance in the darkness. Brig. Gen.
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The 1858 south boundary for the Gettysburg borough extended southeast from the Emmitsburg Road to the Cemetery Hill summit on the Taneytown Rd, then northeast across the Baltimore Pike summit to the hill's base, then northward to
272:. Greene's men held off the Confederate attack for hours, although the attackers were able to establish a foothold in some abandoned Union rifle pits. The fighting on Culp's Hill would resume the following day.
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left infantry and artillery to hold the hill in case the army needed to fall back from its positions north and west of Gettysburg. Cemetery Hill became the rallying point for retreating Union troops of the
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Around 7 p.m., as the Confederate assaults on the Union left and center were petering out, Ewell chose to begin his main infantry assault. He sent three brigades from the division of Maj. Gen.
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hospitals. Elizabeth C. Thorn (pregnant wife of the keeper of Evergreen Cemetery who was at war), her parents, and hired hands dug 105 graves for soldiers killed at or near Cemetery Hill.
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Krzyżanowski led his men to sweep the Louisiana attackers down the hill until they reached the base and "flopped down" for Wiedrich's guns to fire canister at the retreating Confederates.
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to prepare a follow-up assault against Cemetery Hill proper from the northwest. The two brigades from Early's division were commanded by Brig. Gen.
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and provided antipersonnel support fire during the Confederate infantry attack. National Park Service historian Troy Harman has written that
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Defending East Cemetery Hill would have been much more difficult had the overall attack been better coordinated. To the northwest, Maj. Gen.
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Not long after the assault on Culp's Hill began, as dusk fell around 7:30 p.m., Ewell sent two brigades from the division of Maj. Gen.
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scribbled a simple note for Tate: "Major, tell my father I died with my face to the enemy. I. E. Avery." He died the following day.
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telegraph was subsequently moved to Cemetery Hill. The hill remained essentially free of military forces until the arrival of the
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1030:. National Park Service Civil War series. Fort Washington, PA: U.S. National Park Service and Eastern National, 1994.
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A Complete Handbook of the Monuments and Indications and Guide to the Positions on the Gettysburg Battlefield
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Cemetery Hill overlooks the main downtown area of Gettysburg from the south, at 503 feet (153 m) above
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Menchey's Spring, where a number of soldiers from the 54th New York were shot by a Confederate marksman.
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across Rock Creek and up the eastern slope of Culp's Hill against a line of breastworks manned by the
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heights is not as evident today since the once commanding view has been blocked by this sprawl.
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Generals Howard and Schurz heard the commotion and rushed the 58th and 119th New York of Col.
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sword, pistol, and rocks from the wall, we cleared the heights and silenced the guns.
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Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg-A Guide to the Most Famous Attack in American History
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369:'s Pennsylvania battery engaged in hand-to-hand combat against the invaders. Major
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against East Cemetery Hill from the east, and he alerted the division of Maj. Gen.
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of 40 ft (12 m) East Cemetery Hill had been built near the monument for
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was in support behind Hays and Avery but did not participate in the fighting.
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operated as an orphanage at the north foot of the hill, and an 1878 wooden
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763:(1 ed.). El Dorado Hills, California: Savas Beattie LLC. p. 10.
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Eicher, p. 538. The characterization of losses as "severe" is from the
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A Digest of Titles of Corporations Chartered by the Legislature of …
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813:, pp. 276–82; Coddington, pp. 428–30; Sears, p. 341.
26:'s attack on East Cemetery Hill, July 2, 1863 (engraving from
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was on several sides of the hill, and the 1921–2008
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had been wounded by a shell that afternoon and Brig. Gen.
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Defending East Cemetery Hill were the two brigades (Cols.
1045:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
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ordered attacks on both ends of the Union line. Lt. Gen.
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The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
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On June 26, 1863, prior to the Battle of Gettysburg,
47:(July 1–3, 1863). The northernmost part of the
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Brigade and Hoke's Brigade, the latter commanded by
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920:. Times and News Publishing Company. August 7, 1971
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Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg
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412:. Hancock ordered one of his brigades under Col.
232:attacked with his First Corps on the Union left (
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43:that was the scene of fighting each day of the
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1000:. Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1995.
1015:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003.
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966:The Gettysburg Campaign; a study in command
373:of the 6th North Carolina wrote afterward:
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124:used as a headquarters during the battle.
1043:Gettysburg: Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill
759:Hessler, James A; Motts, Wayne E (2015).
356:Hand-to-hand fighting over Rickett's guns
325:'s division (now commanded by Brig. Gen.
257:, the "Boy Major", was mortally wounded.
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1079:. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998.
985:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
459:Appearance of Cemetery Hill previous to
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1813:Landforms of Adams County, Pennsylvania
1741:Enduring Valor: Gettysburg in Miniature
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722:National Park Service tour description
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16:Landform on the Gettysburg Battlefield
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495:was established in 1863 north of the
249:full-scale attack at his discretion.
208:Early's attack on East Cemetery Hill
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360:The Confederate attack began with a
1684:"The Wheatfield at Gettysburg" (TV)
694:, pp. 169–89; Eicher, p. 538.
607:(Map). M.S. & E. Converse. 1858
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1062:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.
383:Major Samuel Tate, Official report
99:and the Emmitsburg Road, with the
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1818:Gettysburg National Military Park
1670:"The Death Merchant" (TV episode)
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909:"Demise Of 1st Tower Is Located"
875:Beitel, Calvin Gustavus (1874).
521:National Homestead at Gettysburg
200:Battle of Gettysburg, Second Day
194:Battle of Gettysburg, Second Day
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968:. New York: Scribner's, 1968.
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633:Sears, pp. 227–34.
402:Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski
1764:Gettysburg news stories
1713:Sid Meier's Gettysburg!
996:Frassanito, William A.
884:. J. Campbell & son
585:Harman, pp. 9–10.
554:also on the battlefield
183:, and his subordinate,
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1803:Gettysburg Battlefield
1650:unreleased documentary
1648:The Gettysburg Address
1574:1975 Historic District
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531:. The 1893–1917
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912:(Google News Archive)
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1303:Longstreet's Assault
1159:Battle of Gettysburg
917:The Gettysburg Times
720:, pp. 169–89;
679:Battle of Gettysburg
653:Battle of Gettysburg
597:G. M. Hopkins survey
331:Adolph von Steinwehr
45:Battle of Gettysburg
29:The Century Magazine
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624:Frassanito, p. 144.
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406:Winfield S. Hancock
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1564:1895 National Park
1532:Gettysburg Address
1522:Soldier's Cemetery
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906:, April 26, 2001;
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505:Gettysburg Address
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770:978-1-61121-200-6
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367:R. Bruce Ricketts
323:Francis C. Barlow
319:Leopold von Gilsa
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160:On July 1, 1863,
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1568:parkitecture
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1188:Adams County
1183:Pennsylvania
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946:. Retrieved
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609:. Retrieved
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486:
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439:
422:Robert Rodes
419:
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312:
274:
259:
251:
244:). Lt. Gen.
223:
159:
126:
110:
90:
36:
35:
27:
1734:Devil's Den
1628:1913 (lost)
1444:Railway cut
1392:Devil's Den
1387:Culp's Hill
1273:: Assaults
1259:Engagements
1243:Confederate
1212:Battlefield
1117: /
863:Culp's Hill
841:Culp's Hill
828:Culp's Hill
811:Culp's Hill
798:Culp's Hill
785:Culp's Hill
747:Culp's Hill
734:Culp's Hill
718:Culp's Hill
705:Culp's Hill
692:Culp's Hill
666:Culp's Hill
574:Culp's Hill
465:Alfred Waud
371:Samuel Tate
335:Carl Schurz
238:Devil's Den
219: Union
87:at the top.
69:Culp's Hill
63:artillery (
51:defensive "
24:Jubal Early
1792:Categories
1698:Gettysburg
1691:Gettysburg
1166:Background
1105:77°13′49″W
1102:39°49′08″N
1060:Gettysburg
959:References
948:2011-11-21
924:2011-11-23
888:2011-11-22
611:2011-11-04
605:mapviewer)
561:References
362:Rebel yell
287:: his own
242:Wheatfield
185:Brig. Gen.
1759:Wikibooks
1620:1898 poem
1592:1936 half
1557:1938 75th
1552:1913 50th
1547:1888 25th
1543:Reunions
1493:Aftermath
1424:Oak Ridge
1402:gatehouse
1301:3rd day:
1173:Civil War
843:, p. 363.
787:, p. 249.
736:, p. 269.
576:, p. 412.
519:The 1867
483:Aftermath
266:XII Corps
162:Maj. Gen.
93:sea level
53:fish-hook
1768:Wikinews
1439:Plum Run
1287:Anderson
1216:timeline
1200:template
1195:Campaign
655:, p. 21.
544:See also
410:II Corps
381:—
347:canister
178:Lt. Gen.
174:XI Corps
129:Lt. Col.
120:and its
1777:Commons
1688:Games:
1500:Retreat
1367:Borough
1334:Combat
1294:Ewell's
1271:2nd day
1266:1st day
1237:Leaders
1230:Potomac
1221:Armies
861:Pfanz,
839:Pfanz,
809:Pfanz,
796:Pfanz,
783:Pfanz,
749:p. 263.
745:Pfanz,
732:Pfanz,
716:Pfanz,
703:Pfanz,
690:Pfanz,
677:Pfanz,
664:Pfanz,
651:Pfanz,
572:Pfanz,
408:of the
343:I Corps
337:. Col.
170:I Corps
107:History
1700:(1863)
1624:Films
1588:Coins
1282:Mclaws
1083:
1066:
1049:
1034:
1019:
1004:
989:
972:
767:
217:
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138:. The
1775:from
1766:from
1757:from
1608:Media
1336:areas
1248:Union
1638:1993
1277:Hood
1081:ISBN
1064:ISBN
1047:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1017:ISBN
1002:ISBN
987:ISBN
970:ISBN
765:ISBN
491:The
333:and
317:and
293:Col.
172:and
75:Plan
57:line
1205:box
503:'s
71:).
65:cf.
1794::
1345:,
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552:—
511:.
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236:,
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1151:e
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976:.
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927:.
891:.
773:.
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601:(
556:.
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