302:
how celestial globes demonstrate both the scientific and the artistic talents of those who make them. All forty-eight classical constellations used in
Ptolemy's Almagest are represented on the globe, meaning it could then be used in calculations for astronomy and astrology, such as navigation, time-keeping or determining a horoscope. Artistically, this globe is an exciting insight into thirteenth century Iranian illustration as the thirteenth century was a period when inlaid brass became a premier medium for figural imagery and so the globes from this period are duly exceptional for the detail and clarity of their engraved figures.
20:
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36:
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127:. The stars can then be placed in their proper positions and viewed through the globe, so that the view is of the inside of the celestial sphere. However, the proper position from which to view the sphere would be from its centre, but the viewer of a transparent globe must be outside it, far from its centre. Viewing the inside of the sphere from the outside, through its transparent surface, produces serious distortions.
337:. It is encircled by a meridian ring and a horizon ring. The latitude angle of 32° indicates that the globe was made in the Lahore workshop. This specific 'workshop claims 21 signed globesâthe largest number from a single shopâ making this globe a good example of celestial globe production at its peak. The globe itself has been manufactured in one piece, so as to be seamless.
151:â (that the earth orbits the sun and not the other way around) âthe stars have been commonly, though perhaps not universally, perceived as though attached to the inside of a hollow sphere enclosing and rotating about the earthâ. Working under the incorrect assumption that the cosmos was geocentric the second-century Greek astronomer
281:, Spain. Although the imagery on this globe appears to be unrelated to that in al-Sufi's The Book of the Constellations al-Wazzan does seem to have been aware of this work, as all forty-eight of the classical Greek constellations are illustrated on the globe, just as in al-Sufi's treatise, with the stars indicated by circles.
301:
in north-western Iran constructed in 1259 and headed by Nasir al-Dln TusT (d. 1274), the renowned polymath. This particular scientific instrument was made by the son of the renowned scientist Mu'ayyad al-âUrdi al-Dimashqi, Muhammad b. Mu'ayyad al-'Urdl in 1288. This globe is an interesting example of
340:
There are grooves which encircle the surface of the globe that create 12 sections of 30° which pass through the ecliptic poles. While they are no longer used in astronomy today, they are called âecliptic latitude circlesâ and help astronomers of the Arabic and Greek worlds find the co-ordinates of a
159:
in which âthe movements of the planets could be accurately represented by means of techniques involving the use of epicycles, deferents, eccentrics (whereby planetary motion is conceived as circular with respect to a point displaced from Earth), and equants (a device that posits a constant angular
213:
which probably copies an earlier work of the
Hellenistic era, is holding a celestial globe 65 cm in diameter, which for many years was the only known celestial globe from the ancient world. No stars are depicted on the globe, but it shows over 40 classical Greek constellations in substantial
131:
celestial globes that are made with the constellations correctly placed, so they appear as mirror images when directly viewed from outside the globe, are often viewed in a mirror, so the constellations have their familiar appearances. Written material on the globe, e.g. constellation names, is
168:
alike, created celestial globes to ârepresent in a model the arrangement and movement of the starsâ. In their most basic form celestial globes represent the stars as if the viewer were looking down upon the sky as a globe that surrounds the earth.
194:. This could indicate that celestial globes were in production throughout antiquity however, without any celestial globes surviving from this time, it is difficult to say for sure. What is known is that in book VIII, chapter 3 of
264:
and globes across the
Islamic world. Similarly, it was "instrumental in displacing the traditional Bedouin constellation imagery and replacing it with the Greek/Ptolemaic system which ultimately came to dominate all astronomy".
618:
501:
Lippincott, Kristen (2016). "Reflections on the
Farnese Atlas: Exploring the scientific, literary and pictorial antecedents of the constellations on a Graeco-Roman globe". In Gunzburg, Darrelyn (ed.).
202:
he outlines ideas for the design and production of a celestial globe. This includes some notes on how the globe should be decorated, suggesting âthe sphere a dark colour resembling the night skyâ.
626:
384:
100:, then the star field will appear reversed on the surface of the globe (all the constellations will appear as their mirror images). This is because the view from
256:, designed for accuracy for the year 964, was a "description of the constellations that combines Greek/ Ptolemaic traditions with Arabic/Bedouin ones".
23:
Celestial globe with clockwork; 1579; partly gilded silver, gilded brass and steel; overall: 27.3 Ă 20.3 Ă 19.1 cm, diameter of the globe: 14 cm; from
39:
Celestial globe; after 1621; paper, brass, oak and stained and light-colored wood; overall: 52.1 Ă 47.3 cm, diameter of the globe: 34 cm; from
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was an important 10th-century astronomer whose works were instrumental in the
Islamic development of the celestial globe. His book,
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813:
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detail. In the 1990s, two smaller celestial globes from antiquity became public: one from brass measuring 11 cm held by the
96:â of celestial globes. If the globe is constructed so that the stars are in the positions they actually occupy on the imaginary
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109:
215:
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rate of rotation with respect to a point displaced from Earth)â. Guided by these ideas astronomers of the Middle Ages,
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as viewed from the outside. For this reason, celestial globes are often produced in mirror image, so that at least the
761:
Carey, Moya (2009). "The Gold and Silver Lining: Shams Al-DÄ«n Muáž„ammad B. Mu'Ayyad Al-'UrážÄ«'s Inlaid
Celestial Globe (
297:, was produced at one of the most important centres of astronomy in intellectual history, the Ilkhanid observatory at
751:
290:
843:
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appear as viewed from earth. This ambiguity is famously evident in the astronomical ceiling of New York City's
124:
666:
120:, whose inconsistency was deliberately left uncorrected though it was noticed shortly after installation.
334:
117:
28:
274:
322:
252:
619:"National Portrait Gallery claims "Lost" Emperor Portrait is Largest Mughal Painting Ever Seen"
385:"A CELESTIAL GLOBE, MADE BY MUGHAL ASTROLABIST MUHAMMAD SALIH OF THATTA, DATED 1074 AH/1663 AD"
187:
55:
819:
https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/collection-search-results/celestial-globe/204058
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https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/collection-search-results/celestial-globe/218493
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218:, and one from gilt silver measuring 6.3 cm privately held by the Kugel family.
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Some modern celestial globes address this problem by making the surface of the globe
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because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars, but the
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The earliest surviving celestial globe was made between 1080 and 1085 C.E. by
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God is beautiful and loves beauty: the object in
Islamic art and culture
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particular star. Each of the 12 sections corresponds to a house in the
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then served as an important source of star coordinates for makers of
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A 17th-century celestial globe was made by Diyaâ ad-din
Muhammad in
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Islamicate
Celestial Globes: Their History, Construction, and Use
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inside of the celestial sphere, whereas the celestial globe is
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104:, positioned at the centre of the celestial sphere, is of the
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of the second century BC, the first globe was constructed by
101:
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printed in reverse, so it can easily be read in the mirror.
641:"Jahangir portrait sold for Rs. 10 crore at London auction"
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In the 13th century, a celestial globe, now housed in the
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Type of star chart where the map is arranged on a globe
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https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/193606
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AD 1288) from the
Ilkhanid Observatory at MarÄgha".
589:
587:
221:
139:âs 16th-century discovery that the solar system is â
802:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
333:, 1668 (now in Pakistan). It is now housed at the
584:
830:
186:reported the statements of the Roman astronomer
742:Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan M. (2013).
209:, a 2nd-century AD Roman marble sculpture of
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725:
713:
701:
689:
452:
442:. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 148â154.
407:
505:. Sheffield: Equinox Press. pp. 55â86.
470:"Featuring the First Greek Celestial Globe"
89:, along which the Sun moves, is indicated.
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277:, a well-known astrolabe maker working in
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424:. Macmillan Reference. pp. 532â536.
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237:from a copy of 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi's
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46:
34:
18:
503:The Imagined Sky: Cultural perspectives
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467:
440:Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
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422:In Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd ed
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216:Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum
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92:There is an issue regarding the â
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779:10.1080/05786967.2009.11864761
651:. 7 April 2011. Archived from
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1:
794:Savage-Smith, Emilie (1985).
735:
321:holding a celestial globe by
625:. March 2010. Archived from
420:Borchert, Donald M. (2006).
43:; Metropolitan Museum of Art
7:
389:www.orientalartauctions.com
348:
335:National Museum of Scotland
314:A detailed portrait of the
291:Mathematisch-Physikalischer
10:
865:
172:
73:in the sky. They omit the
29:Metropolitan Museum of Art
746:. Yale University Press.
671:National Museums Scotland
569:, pp. 126, 127, 153.
438:Dewald, Jonathan (2004).
275:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
370:
258:The Book of Fixed Stars
253:The Book of Fixed Stars
224:The Book of Fixed Stars
110:orthographic projection
54:era Celestial Globe by
844:Navigational equipment
579:Blair & Bloom 2013
567:Blair & Bloom 2013
555:Blair & Bloom 2013
540:Blair & Bloom 2013
528:Blair & Bloom 2013
516:Blair & Bloom 2013
326:
244:
188:Gaius Sulpicius Gallus
118:Grand Central Terminal
59:
56:Muhammad Saleh Thattvi
44:
32:
468:Dekker, Elly (2009).
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248:Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
232:
50:
38:
22:
623:ArtKnowledgeNews.com
581:, pp. 126, 127.
530:, pp. 125, 153.
608:, pp. 103â104.
542:, pp. 125â126.
518:, pp. 123â155.
240:Book of Fixed Stars
106:gnomonic projection
476:(55/56): 133â152.
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67:apparent positions
60:
45:
33:
726:Savage-Smith 1985
714:Savage-Smith 1985
702:Savage-Smith 1985
690:Savage-Smith 1985
667:"Celestial globe"
655:on 10 April 2011.
453:Savage-Smith 1985
408:Savage-Smith 1985
233:Constellation of
192:Thales of Miletus
182:The Roman writer
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365:De sphaera mundi
360:Celestial sphere
355:Armillary sphere
98:celestial sphere
63:Celestial globes
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31:(New York City)
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306:17th century
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285:13th century
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269:11th century
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181:
143:rather than
141:heliocentric
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125:transparent
833:Categories
773:: 97â108.
736:References
676:2020-10-15
606:Carey 2009
594:Carey 2009
487:2023-11-19
394:2024-06-18
323:Abul Hasan
262:astrolabes
145:geocentric
137:Copernicus
94:handedness
645:The Hindu
293:Salon in
235:Delphinus
166:Christian
149:geostatic
65:show the
41:Amsterdam
787:25651466
482:23993955
349:See also
319:Jahangir
279:Valencia
200:Almagest
157:Almagest
87:ecliptic
849:Spheres
299:Maragha
295:Dresden
196:Ptolemy
173:History
153:Ptolemy
135:Before
83:planets
69:of the
839:Globes
785:
750:
480:
343:zodiac
331:Lahore
242:, 1125
184:Cicero
162:Muslim
129:Opaque
81:, and
58:c.1663
52:Mughal
25:Vienna
783:JSTOR
478:JSTOR
371:Notes
211:Atlas
102:Earth
71:stars
767:Iran
748:ISBN
205:The
164:and
147:and
79:Moon
775:doi
649:PTI
198:âs
75:Sun
835::
781:.
771:47
769:.
763:c.
669:.
647:.
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586:^
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460:^
430:^
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345:.
77:,
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777::
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596:.
490:.
397:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
