24:
464:
580:; it was he, rather than Romulus himself, who slew Remus after he overleapt the wall. According to some accounts they were infantry; while according to others they included both or were only cavalry.
583:
Unlike most soldiers of the period, who served only in times of war, the celeres were a permanent force, attending the king at all times, including times of peace. They are generally regarded as a
867:
772:
934:
492:
1096:
605:
states that the celeres fought mounted only where the ground was favourable, dismounting to fight on foot where the ground was unsuitable for cavalry.
648:, while generals chose the troops they trusted most to protect them. Toward the end of the Republic, veteran soldiers were selected to serve in the
548:. The celeres were the strongest and bravest warriors among the early Roman nobility, and were the bravest and most loyal soldiers in the army. The
1070:
593:, or tribune of the celeres, who doubled as the king's lieutenant and head of the royal household, holding a position analogous to that of the
485:
270:
166:
82:
1062:
703:
58:
612:
The celeres remained the king's bodyguard until the establishment of the
Republic in 509 BC. The last tribune of the celeres was
224:
478:
144:
755:
609:, the second King of Rome, established certain religious rites that the commanders of the celeres were required to perform.
32:
370:
48:
126:
240:
201:
152:
356:
289:
77:
1041:
587:
unit, for the Roman kings traveled and fought on horseback, and in his absence the celeres were led by the
1025:
617:
602:
175:
533:
385:
40:
620:, the seventh and last King of Rome, and it was in his capacity as tribune that he convened the
1091:
521:
252:
101:
1101:
351:
87:
613:
552:
may also have originated in the fourth century BC when the Romans adopted cavalry from the
341:
283:
8:
1075:
468:
192:
589:
904:
896:
799:
437:
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888:
803:
791:
751:
444:
310:
299:
880:
783:
657:
637:
622:
594:
421:
410:
325:
44:
935:
Harry
Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), "Celeres"
835:
818:
745:
724:
569:
565:
415:
393:
336:
606:
598:
516:
430:
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361:
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121:
1085:
892:
795:
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305:
1054:
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maintained that their first commander was named "Celer", perhaps the same
315:
206:
346:
111:
67:
900:
544:, the celeres comprised three hundred men, ten chosen by each of the
331:
884:
680:
628:
553:
645:
584:
537:
96:
1066:, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown, and Company, Boston (1859).
641:
186:
545:
1071:
Harper's
Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities
1049:
1036:
576:
as the foreman of the first fortification built around the
573:
636:. There was no equivalent body under the early Republic;
704:
837:
Rome, Regal and
Republican: A Family History of Rome
866:
961:, pp. 993, 1601 ("Magister Equitum", "Tribunus").
851:
849:
847:
773:"Roman Strategy and Tactics from 509 to 202 b.c."
560:was generally believed to have arisen from their
1083:
844:
868:"Dionysius on Romulus: a Political Pamphlet?"
486:
1097:Cavalry units and formations of ancient Rome
959:Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
949:, pp. 260, 407, 408 ("Celeres", "Dictator").
717:
715:
713:
711:
833:
770:
750:. Liverpool University Press. p. 71.
540:, the legendary founder and first King of
493:
479:
1063:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
1010:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
998:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
947:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
816:
708:
864:
743:
1084:
722:
532:and the earliest cavalry unit in the
515:
739:
737:
632:, while Tarquin was away, besieging
644:, who had also been established by
13:
834:Strickland, Jane Margaret (1854).
14:
1113:
734:
652:, or praetorian cohort, which in
729:. Half Past history. p. 17.
462:
22:
1019:
1012:, pp. 947, 948 ("Praetoriani").
1003:
991:
982:
973:
964:
952:
940:
928:
915:
536:. Traditionally established by
858:
827:
810:
764:
697:
670:
16:Bodyguard of the kings of Rome
1:
1078:, ed. (Second Edition, 1897).
865:Balsdon, J. P. V. D. (1971).
744:Wiseman, T. P. (2022-04-01).
690:
357:Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes
873:The Journal of Roman Studies
663:
528:) were the bodyguard of the
271:Frontiers and fortifications
7:
83:Decorations and punishments
10:
1118:
1026:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
817:Keightley, Thomas (1842).
771:Meiklejohn, K. W. (1938).
618:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
603:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
525:
788:10.1017/S0017383500005623
640:were accompanied by the
386:Claustra Alpium Iuliarum
371:DanubeāIllerāRhine Limes
41:Military of ancient Rome
626:to abrogate the king's
469:Ancient Rome portal
1048:Publius Ovidius Naso (
840:. A. Hall. p. 11.
723:Livius, Titus (2017).
352:Neckar-Odenwald Limes
167:Technological history
1032:(Roman Antiquities).
1030:Romaike Archaiologia
1000:, p. 707 ("Lictor").
679:was a typical Roman
614:Lucius Junius Brutus
564:, or swiftness, but
517:[ĖkÉÉ«ĢŖÉre:s]
342:Lower Germanic Limes
241:Strategy and tactics
176:Military engineering
78:Unit types and ranks
1076:Harry Thurston Peck
988:Livy, i. 8, ii. 20.
820:The History of Rome
337:Lauter Valley Limes
970:Dionysius, ii. 64.
855:Dionysius, ii. 13.
438:Limes Tripolitanus
59:Structural history
776:Greece & Rome
757:978-1-80207-932-6
638:Roman magistrates
503:
502:
454:
453:
445:Limes Mauretaniae
300:Limes Britannicus
261:
260:
225:Political history
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658:Praetorian Guard
650:cohors praetoria
616:, the nephew of
595:magister equitum
590:tribunus celerum
527:
519:
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326:Limes Germanicus
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253:Infantry tactics
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202:Triumphal arches
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153:Wars and battles
145:Campaign history
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18:
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1042:History of Rome
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832:
828:
815:
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782:(21): 170ā178.
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765:
758:
742:
735:
726:History of Rome
720:
709:
702:
698:
693:
688:
687:
675:
671:
666:
623:comitia curiata
566:Valerius Antias
512:
499:
463:
461:
456:
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450:
422:Limes Sarmatiae
416:Anastasian Wall
394:Pannonian Limes
273:
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12:
11:
5:
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1046:
1035:Titus Livius (
1033:
1021:
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990:
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963:
951:
939:
927:
914:
885:10.2307/300004
857:
843:
826:
809:
763:
756:
747:Unwritten Rome
733:
707:
695:
694:
692:
689:
686:
685:
668:
667:
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662:
654:imperial times
607:Numa Pompilius
599:Roman Republic
556:. The name of
534:Roman military
501:
500:
498:
497:
490:
483:
475:
472:
471:
458:
457:
452:
451:
449:
448:
441:
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431:Limes Arabicus
426:
425:
418:
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401:Limes Alutanus
397:
396:
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367:
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364:
362:Wetterau Limes
359:
354:
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321:
320:
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311:Hadrian's Wall
308:
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28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1114:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:Roman Kingdom
1090:
1089:
1087:
1077:
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1072:
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823:. p. 15.
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781:
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759:
753:
749:
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738:
728:
727:
721:Livy, i. 15 (
718:
716:
714:
712:
705:
700:
696:
683:, or surname.
682:
678:
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643:
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631:
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624:
619:
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596:
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591:
586:
581:
579:
578:Palatine Hill
575:
572:mentioned by
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:kings of Rome
523:
522:Ancient Greek
518:
510:
509:
496:
491:
489:
484:
482:
477:
476:
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460:
459:
447:
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442:
440:
439:
435:
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432:
428:
427:
424:
423:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:Trajan's Wall
409:
407:
406:Limes Moesiae
404:
402:
399:
398:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
383:
382:
379:
378:Norican Limes
376:
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306:Antonine Wall
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200:
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194:
193:Siege engines
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189:
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55:
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50:
46:
42:
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38:
34:
30:
29:
21:
20:
1102:Royal guards
1069:
1061:
1053:
1040:
1029:
1020:Bibliography
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
984:
979:Livy, i. 59.
975:
966:
958:
954:
946:
942:
930:
922:
917:
876:
872:
860:
836:
829:
819:
812:
779:
775:
766:
746:
725:
699:
676:
672:
649:
627:
621:
611:
601:. However,
588:
582:
561:
557:
549:
507:
506:
504:
443:
436:
429:
420:
384:
324:
298:
282:
185:
656:became the
316:Saxon Shore
1086:Categories
925:, 837ā844.
691:References
597:under the
347:Main Limes
909:154973635
893:1753-528X
804:162206844
796:1477-4550
664:Footnotes
562:celeritas
332:Alb Limes
681:cognomen
629:imperium
554:Samnites
526:ĪŗĪµĪ»ĪĻĪ¹ĪæĪ¹
127:Admirals
102:Generals
33:a series
31:Part of
646:Romulus
642:lictors
585:cavalry
558:celeres
550:celeres
538:Romulus
508:celeres
97:Auxilia
88:Legions
921:Ovid,
907:
901:300004
899:
891:
879:: 19.
802:
794:
754:
546:curiae
513:Latin:
230:
187:Castra
122:Fleets
49:AD 476
45:753 BC
35:on the
1055:Fasti
923:Fasti
905:S2CID
897:JSTOR
800:S2CID
677:Celer
634:Ardea
570:Celer
290:Walls
284:Limes
207:Roads
1050:Ovid
1037:Livy
889:ISSN
792:ISSN
752:ISBN
574:Ovid
542:Rome
505:The
112:Navy
68:Army
1052:),
1039:),
881:doi
784:doi
1088::
1074:,
1028:,
903:.
895:.
887:.
877:61
875:.
871:.
846:^
798:.
790:.
778:.
736:^
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710:^
660:.
524::
520:,
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1058:.
1045:.
937:.
911:.
883::
806:.
786::
780:7
760:.
511:(
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487:t
480:v
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