148:
563:
648:
29:
479:
586:. Kowalski, by then promoted to archbishop, continued to consider himself the valid leader of all genuine Mariavites. Freed from the restraining influences of much of the clergy, formerly subordinate to him, he made ever more radical pronouncements, including the view that Kozłowska had in fact been the "incarnation of the
549:
But much of the decline could be traced to factors involving
Kowalski himself – his generally autocratic style in governing the church, as Kozłowska's successor and, innovations that he had introduced which drove him further away from the Catholic Church. These included the endorsement of consummated
528:
of that church validated his elevation and thereby turned the movement into a new church, which the
Russian authorities quickly consented to recognise as an "independent denomination." As the ailing Kozłowska's influence waned, so the forceful Kowalski had free rein to mould the new church to his
573:
In 1935, a majority of the Old
Catholic Mariavite Church clergy, many of whom had participated in his "innovations", deemed him to have become a "dictator" and deposed Kowalski. He rejected the "coup" and moved out of the PĹ‚ock sanctuary and installed his headquarters in the village of
621:
The
Catholic Mariavite Church continues to this day at its base in FelicjanĂłw. It appears not to have adherents outside Poland, unlike the larger Old Catholic Mariavite Church. Never large to begin with (perhaps 3,000 members at its founding). It considers itself now a
512:
and to have Kozłowska's revelations judged as worthy of belief by the church. This rendered them heretics in the eyes of the church and placed their adherents under an immediate obligation to resume their traditional Roman
Catholic practice on pain of excommunication.
630:
to be mostly unnecessary, since true believers are to be found within its ranks. This insularity contributes to a general inability for the group to be penetrated by outsiders or to learn details such as its actual current size. The church is currently headed by a
399:, Poles' continuing political dissent and desire for independence found partial expression in the second half of the 19th-century in an assertion of their traditional religious and spiritual values which ran counter to the
467:. These were said to have "instructed" her to take steps in particular to rescue Catholic clergy from the error of their ways, which members of the Polish Ă©lite tended to view as corrupt and estranged from the
499:
which saw no justification for the movement's cause, Kozłowska obeyed the instructions from Rome not to contact any of the
Mariavite priests and remain in her convent. However, in 1906 the newly elected
547:
Another factor in the decline of the group was active persecution of the
Mariavites by Roman Catholics with the scarcely veiled support of the Polish government and a hostile press eager for scandals.
1133:
639:, unlike the Old Catholic Mariavite Church, which has significantly reverted to a conservative view of liturgy and theology and the traditional practice of excluding women from ordination.
516:
Kowalski set about codifying the movement's doctrines and beliefs with Kozłowska. Along with the priests who resisted the orders from the
Vatican, he turned instead to the schismatic
1567:
1483:
838:
752:
727:
197:
1461:
1205:
968:
1339:
1010:
1209:
554:
as priests and bishops. It eventually, in 1924, alienated him from the Old
Catholic church as well and took the Mariavite church out of fellowship with it.
16:
This article is about the
Mariavite denomination which split in 1935 from the alternative Mariavite denomination. For the other Mariavite denomination, see
1577:
475:
backgrounds. The new "tenets" emanating from the visions soon came into conflict with the church hierarchy who were hostile to their alleged provenance.
1213:
504:
emphasised the church's condemnation of the movement and its ideology by excommunicating Sister Feliksa Kozłowska and her priest lieutenant, Father Jan
1035:
1272:
1140:
990:
407:. Despite curtailment and bans of Polish religious organisations, they proliferated both on the former Polish territory and abroad, chiefly in
939:
93:
46:
65:
72:
1557:
819:
517:
888:
832:
594:
79:
1562:
815:
61:
911:
112:
701:
610:
541:, in which Roman Catholicism was an intrinsic part of the Polish national identity, and the creation of a sovereign
932:
388:
495:
After the movement had found itself rebuffed first by the Polish church hierarchy, and subsequently, twice by the
1512:
1201:
1126:
392:
50:
1300:
1107:
1045:
995:
757:
732:
609:. He died in a German Nazi extermination facility in 1942. His leadership in the church passed to his widow,
483:
370:
358:
271:
242:
202:
17:
1572:
1429:
1411:
1040:
1030:
420:
675:
925:
396:
86:
1552:
1254:
963:
606:
380:
861:
1196:
973:
575:
505:
1393:
1375:
1320:
1282:
1102:
1015:
404:
294:
39:
537:
However, under his leadership Mariavite adherents declined. This was due in part to the rise of
1456:
1357:
1178:
1071:
1005:
1000:
542:
456:
259:
509:
448:
178:
1451:
1228:
1161:
1097:
985:
613:, who was already a consecrated bishop. She held the position until her own death in 1946.
567:
525:
147:
460:
391:, which had been forcibly broken up by foreign powers a century earlier. After the failed
8:
551:
187:
1081:
1076:
949:
849:
538:
508:. He had led the failed 1903–1906 attempt to incorporate the Mariavite movement in the
520:
and found a welcome among the clergy. He was invited to attend their 1909 congress in
907:
884:
828:
583:
384:
1295:
1188:
1170:
1025:
636:
464:
304:
183:
1528:
1508:
1055:
1050:
171:
917:
1443:
632:
468:
400:
877:
821:
Wyznania religijne stowarzyszenia narodowościowe i etniczne w Polsce 2009–2011
562:
442:
1546:
980:
647:
416:
1264:
1246:
1149:
598:
346:
161:
1421:
1118:
587:
501:
436:
1314:
471:. The movement rapidly gained influence among priests from educated or
439:
1403:
1385:
1349:
627:
578:, named for the foundress. He declared his loyal following to be the
433:
28:
1524:
1504:
1331:
1237:
496:
478:
472:
419:, where Polish emigrants had settled and lent support. See role of
827:. Warszawa, PL: Zakład Wydawnictw Statystycznych. pp. 46–47.
651:
Bishop Maria Beatrycze Szulgowicz of the Catholic Mariavite Church
1367:
814:
794:
Maas consecrated Wojciechowski on 25 November 1956 in Felicjanow.
602:
521:
452:
582:, despite its considerable departure from traditional doctrinal
1153:
408:
354:
350:
266:
246:
232:
427:
412:
550:
clerical marriages between priests and nuns, and later the
1462:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Poland
904:
The Encyclopedia of American Religions: Religious Creeds
326:
1568:
Christian denominations established in the 20th century
635:. The church continues to be characterised by its very
818:(2013-03-28). "Kościół Katolicki Mariawitów w RP".
451:in its simplicity. It was probably nurtured by the
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1036:Baptist Christian Church of the Republic of Poland
876:
947:
1544:
991:Polish-Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland
868:
486:, headquarters of the Catholic Mariavite Church
1340:Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
1134:
933:
874:
135:
1578:Christian organizations established in 1935
431:
1148:
1141:
1127:
940:
926:
490:
379:emerged as a call for renewal within the
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
646:
561:
477:
906:. Detroit:Gale Research Company, 1988.
808:
463:, who in 1893 began having a series of
1545:
1517:
1497:
524:, when he was consecrated bishop. The
518:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
1122:
921:
51:adding citations to reliable sources
22:
883:. London: Oxford University Press.
532:
13:
447:, signified imitating the life of
14:
1589:
816:Polska. GĹ‚Ăłwny UrzÄ…d Statystyczny
767:
844:from the original on 2013-10-08.
389:Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania
146:
27:
1202:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
601:, Kowalski was arrested by the
393:Polish insurrections of 1830-31
38:needs additional citations for
969:Ukrainian Catholic Archdiocese
788:
702:Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska
616:
611:Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska
557:
1:
1558:1935 establishments in Poland
1301:Old Catholic Church in Poland
1108:Slavic Native Faith in Poland
1026:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
996:Old Catholic Church in Poland
801:
566:Catholic Mariavite Church in
371:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
359:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
272:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
18:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
1484:Alians Ewangeliczny w Polsce
1430:Pentecostal Church in Poland
1412:Seventh-day Adventist Church
1041:Pentecostal Church in Poland
1031:Seventh-day Adventist Church
875:Peterkiewicz, Jerzy (1975).
421:Resurrectionist Congregation
137:Kościół Katolicki Mariawitów
7:
1011:Evangelical-Augsburg Church
595:German occupation of Poland
62:"Catholic Mariavite Church"
10:
1594:
1563:Old Catholic denominations
753:Maria Beatrycze Szulgowicz
728:Maria Rafael Wojciechowski
642:
368:
364:
198:Maria Beatrycze Szulgowicz
15:
1492:
1474:
1442:
1420:
1402:
1384:
1366:
1348:
1330:
1313:
1291:Catholic Mariavite Church
1281:
1263:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1187:
1169:
1160:
1090:
1064:
1021:Catholic Mariavite Church
964:Catholic Church in Poland
956:
676:Jan Maria Michał Kowalski
607:Dachau concentration camp
580:Catholic Mariavite Church
343:Catholic Mariavite Church
335:
321:
317:Mariavite Catholic Church
313:
303:
293:
285:
277:
265:
252:
238:
228:
220:
210:
193:
177:
167:
157:
145:
132:
128:Catholic Mariavite Church
127:
1197:Armenian Catholic Church
781:
426:"Mariavitism", from the
1394:United Methodist Church
1376:Baptist Union of Poland
1103:Protestantism in Poland
1016:United Methodist Church
902:Melton, J. Gordon, ed.
491:Excommunication by Rome
482:Mariavite Monastery in
459:in a young Polish nun,
1273:Polish Catholic Church
1179:Polish Orthodox Church
1006:Polish Reformed Church
1001:Polish Orthodox Church
652:
626:movement, and regards
570:
543:Second Polish Republic
487:
432:
381:Polish Catholic church
260:Second Polish Republic
136:
1527:with the rest of the
1507:with the rest of the
1255:Roman Catholic Church
650:
565:
510:Roman Catholic Church
506:Maria Michał Kowalski
481:
449:Mary, mother of Jesus
369:Further information:
1452:New Apostolic Church
1229:Western Christianity
1162:Eastern Christianity
1098:Irreligion in Poland
1065:Not state-recognised
986:Native Polish Church
593:In 1940, during the
526:apostolic succession
47:improve this article
1573:Liberal Catholicism
1475:Interdenominational
1457:Jehovah's Witnesses
1072:Jehovah's Witnesses
950:religions of Poland
552:ordination of women
357:in 1935 within the
653:
571:
539:Polish nationalism
488:
377:Mariavite movement
345:is an independent
1540:
1539:
1470:
1469:
1438:
1437:
1309:
1308:
1223:
1222:
1116:
1115:
890:978-0-19-212198-1
834:978-83-7027-519-8
605:and taken to the
584:Catholic teaching
465:religious visions
461:Feliksa Kozłowska
457:Honorat Koźmiński
385:Russian Partition
353:resulting from a
339:
338:
305:Places of worship
123:
122:
115:
97:
1585:
1553:Mariavite Church
1531:
1521:
1515:
1513:Union of Utrecht
1501:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1296:Mariavite Church
1243:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1210:Wrocław–Koszalin
1171:Eastern Orthodox
1167:
1166:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1119:
957:State-recognised
942:
935:
928:
919:
918:
895:
894:
882:
872:
866:
865:
859:
855:
853:
845:
843:
826:
812:
795:
792:
777:with 16 parishes
763:
762:
761:
749:
747:
738:
737:
736:
724:
722:
717: – 2005
716:
714:
705:
704:
698:
696:
691: – 1946
690:
688:
679:
678:
672:
670:
665: – 1942
664:
662:
637:liberal theology
548:
533:Collision course
446:
387:of the one time
375:Originally, the
349:denomination in
331:
328:
322:Official website
206:
152:Mariavite emblem
150:
141:
139:
125:
124:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:Catholic Church
1522:
1518:
1509:Catholic Church
1502:
1498:
1488:
1476:
1466:
1434:
1416:
1398:
1380:
1362:
1358:Reformed Church
1344:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1277:
1259:
1219:
1206:Przemyśl–Warsaw
1183:
1156:
1147:
1117:
1112:
1086:
1060:
952:
946:
899:
898:
891:
873:
869:
857:
856:
847:
846:
841:
835:
824:
813:
809:
804:
799:
798:
793:
789:
784:
770:
755:
751:
745:
743:
741:
730:
726:
720:
718:
712:
710:
708:
700:
694:
692:
686:
684:
682:
674:
668:
666:
660:
658:
656:
645:
619:
568:Długa Kościelna
560:
546:
535:
493:
455:friar, blessed
405:Orthodox church
403:'s established
373:
367:
325:
257:
200:
172:Old Catholicism
153:
133:
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
44:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1591:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1516:
1511:, part of the
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1444:Restorationist
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1214:Olsztyn–Gdańsk
1199:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
977:
976:
971:
960:
958:
954:
953:
945:
944:
937:
930:
922:
916:
915:
897:
896:
889:
879:The third Adam
867:
858:|website=
833:
806:
805:
803:
800:
797:
796:
786:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
769:
768:Administration
766:
765:
764:
739:
706:
680:
644:
641:
618:
615:
559:
556:
534:
531:
492:
489:
469:Gospel message
401:Russian Empire
366:
363:
337:
336:
333:
332:
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
307:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
269:
267:Separated from
263:
262:
254:
250:
249:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
208:
207:
195:
191:
190:
181:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
158:Classification
155:
154:
151:
143:
142:
130:
129:
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1590:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:organisations
1473:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:Rodzima Wiara
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
961:
959:
955:
951:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
923:
920:
913:
912:0-8103-2132-7
909:
905:
901:
900:
892:
886:
881:
880:
871:
863:
851:
840:
836:
830:
823:
822:
817:
811:
807:
791:
787:
776:
772:
771:
759:
754:
740:
734:
729:
707:
703:
681:
677:
655:
654:
649:
640:
638:
634:
633:female bishop
629:
625:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
569:
564:
555:
553:
544:
540:
530:
527:
523:
519:
514:
511:
507:
503:
498:
485:
480:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
444:
441:
438:
435:
429:
424:
422:
418:
417:United States
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
372:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
334:
330:
324:
320:
316:
314:Other name(s)
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
270:
268:
264:
261:
255:
251:
248:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
204:
199:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
163:
160:
156:
149:
144:
140:
138:
131:
126:
117:
114:
106:
103:November 2015
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
1519:
1499:
1321:Main article
1290:
1265:Old Catholic
1247:Latin Church
1150:Christianity
1020:
903:
878:
870:
820:
810:
790:
774:
623:
620:
599:World War II
592:
579:
572:
536:
515:
494:
425:
376:
374:
347:Old Catholic
342:
340:
258:FelicjanĂłw,
239:Headquarters
221:Associations
211:
194:Prime bishop
188:Presbyterial
162:Old Catholic
134:
109:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
1422:Pentecostal
1283:Independent
756: [
731: [
624:true church
617:Present day
590:on earth".
588:Holy Spirit
558:1935 schism
502:Pope Pius X
201: [
168:Orientation
1547:Categories
1315:Protestant
948:Principal
802:References
576:FelicjanĂłw
484:FelicjanĂłw
243:FelicjanĂłw
73:newspapers
1525:communion
1505:communion
1404:Adventist
1386:Methodist
1350:Calvinist
860:ignored (
850:cite book
775:custodies
628:ecumenism
545:in 1918.
443:imitantur
327:mariawita
295:Ministers
212:Custodies
184:Episcopal
1332:Lutheran
1238:Catholic
1189:Catholic
1091:See also
1082:Hinduism
1077:Buddhism
974:Armenian
839:Archived
529:liking.
497:Holy See
415:and the
278:Parishes
1523:Not in
1503:Not in
1368:Baptist
1046:Judaism
744: (
719: (
711: (
693: (
685: (
667: (
659: (
643:Bishops
603:Gestapo
522:Utrecht
453:Capucin
397:1863-64
383:in the
365:Origins
286:Members
87:scholar
1154:Poland
1056:Karaim
910:
887:
831:
437:Mariae
409:France
355:schism
351:Poland
253:Origin
247:Poland
233:Poland
229:Region
179:Polity
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
1051:Islam
842:(PDF)
825:(PDF)
782:Notes
760:]
735:]
473:noble
440:vitam
428:Latin
413:Italy
256:1935
205:]
94:JSTOR
80:books
908:ISBN
885:ISBN
862:help
829:ISBN
773:Two
746:2005
742:2005
721:2005
713:1949
709:1949
695:1946
687:1940
683:1940
669:1942
661:1935
657:1935
434:quae
395:and
341:The
289:1980
224:none
66:news
1152:in
597:in
329:.pl
49:by
1549::
1212:,
1208:,
854::
852:}}
848:{{
837:.
758:pl
750::
733:pl
725::
699::
673::
430:,
423:.
411:,
361:.
309:14
299:11
281:17
245:,
203:pl
1323:)
1319:(
1216:)
1204:(
1142:e
1135:t
1128:v
941:e
934:t
927:v
914:.
893:.
864:)
748:)
723:)
715:)
697:)
689:)
671:)
663:)
216:2
186:/
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
43:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)