2588:(CGD), phagocytic peroxide production is impaired due to a defective NADPH oxidase system. Normal cellular metabolism will still produce a small amount of peroxide and this peroxide can be used to produce hypochlorous acid to eradicate the bacterial infection. However, if individuals with CGD are infected with catalase-positive bacteria, the bacterial catalase can destroy the excess peroxide before it can be used to produce other oxidising substances. In these individuals the pathogen survives and becomes a chronic infection. This chronic infection is typically surrounded by macrophages in an attempt to isolate the infection. This wall of macrophages surrounding a pathogen is called a
709:
686:
608:
583:
960:
967:
715:
614:
2352:
416:
6642:
2399:
31:
2549:, and turned upside down, so that the bacterial sample points downwards. The hand holding the tube is then tapped on the bench, moving the hydrogen peroxide down until it touches the bacteria. If bubbles form on contact, this indicates a positive catalase result. This test can detect catalase-positive bacteria at concentrations above about 10 cells/mL, and is simple to use.
2702:
widely used after publications by
Korolyuk et al. (1988) and Goth (1991). The first paper describes serum catalase assay with no buffer in the reaction medium; the latter describes the procedure based on phosphate buffer as a reaction medium. Since phosphate ion reacts with ammonium molybdate, the use of MOPS buffer as a reaction medium is more appropriate.
1968:) to transfer between the oxygen atoms. The free oxygen atom coordinates, freeing the newly formed water molecule and Fe(IV)=O. Fe(IV)=O reacts with a second hydrogen peroxide molecule to reform Fe(III)-E and produce water and oxygen. The reactivity of the iron center may be improved by the presence of the phenolate
2701:
In 1870, Schoenn discovered a formation of yellow color from the interaction of hydrogen peroxide with molybdate; then, from the middle of the 20th century, this reaction began to be used for colorimetric determination of unreacted hydrogen peroxide in the catalase activity assay. The reaction became
2660:
process of human hair. Hydrogen peroxide is naturally produced by the body and broken down by catalase. Hydrogen peroxide can accumulate in hair follicles and if catalase levels decline, this buildup can cause oxidative stress and graying. These low levels of catalase are associated with old age.
4502:
2154:
with aging, but these damages are significantly reduced in aged catalase over-expressing mice. Furthermore, these over-expressing mice show no decrease in age-dependent number of pups per litter. Overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria extends the lifespan of mice.
2534:
While the catalase test alone cannot identify a particular organism, it can aid identification when combined with other tests such as antibiotic resistance. The presence of catalase in bacterial cells depends on both the growth condition and the medium used to grow the cells.
1802:
for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
442:
2293:. To activate the noxious spray, the beetle mixes the contents of the two compartments, causing oxygen to be liberated from hydrogen peroxide. The oxygen oxidizes the hydroquinones and also acts as the propellant. The oxidation reaction is very
1940:
group attached to the enzyme. Fe(IV)-E(.+) is a mesomeric form of Fe(V)-E, meaning the iron is not completely oxidized to +V, but receives some stabilising electron density from the heme ligand, which is then shown as a radical cation (.+).
1827:
domain at one face of the β-barrel is composed of four C-terminal helices (α16, α17, α18, and α19) and four helices derived from residues between β4 and β5 (α4, α5, α6, and α7). Alternative splicing may result in different protein variants.
2406:
The catalase test is one of the three main tests used by microbiologists to identify species of bacteria. If the bacteria possess catalase (i.e., are catalase-positive), bubbles of oxygen are observed when a small amount of bacterial
2314:
than non-reproductive individuals (workers and soldiers). Queens have more than two times higher catalase activity and seven times higher expression levels of the catalase gene RsCAT1 than workers. It appears that the efficient
2326:
animals typically have catalases with optimum temperatures in the range of 15-25 °C, while mammalian or avian catalases might have optimum temperatures above 35 °C, and catalases from plants vary depending on their
722:
621:
2647:
is a condition caused by homozygous mutations in CAT, resulting in a lack of catalase. Symptoms are mild and include oral ulcers. A heterozygous CAT mutation results in lower, but still present catalase.
2082:
processes; to prevent damage to cells and tissues, it must be quickly converted into other, less dangerous substances. To this end, catalase is frequently used by cells to rapidly catalyze the
3815:
Schriner SE, Linford NJ, Martin GM, Treuting P, Ogburn CE, Emond M, et al. (June 2005). "Extension of murine life span by overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria".
6453:
6346:
3560:
Kertulis-Tartar GM, Rathinasabapathi B, Ma LQ (October 2009). "Characterization of glutathione reductase and catalase in the fronds of two Pteris ferns upon arsenic exposure".
2693:
causes catalase activity to decline in the lungs, heart and kidneys of mice. Conversely, dietary fish oil increased catalase activity in the heart, and kidneys of mice.
6108:
2189:) to reactive nitrogen atoms). Hydrogen peroxide is used as a potent antimicrobial agent when cells are infected with a pathogen. Catalase-positive pathogens, such as
370:
175:
1984:. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase proceeds according to first-order kinetics, the rate being proportional to the hydrogen peroxide concentration.
5038:"Catalase enzymatic activity in adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): taxonomic distribution of the continuous trait suggests its relevance for phylogeny research"
4312:
2096:
Mice genetically engineered to lack catalase are initially phenotypically normal. However, catalase deficiency in mice may increase the likelihood of developing
4065:"The catalase and superoxide dismutase genes are transcriptionally up-regulated upon oxidative stress in the strictly anaerobic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri"
3106:
Putnam CD, Arvai AS, Bourne Y, Tainer JA (February 2000). "Active and inhibited human catalase structures: ligand and NADPH binding and catalytic mechanism".
6535:
6448:
4957:
4049:
2390:
the lens using a hydrogen peroxide solution; a solution containing catalase is then used to decompose the hydrogen peroxide before the lens is used again.
2705:
Direct UV measurement of the decrease in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is also widely used after the publications by Beers & Sizer and Aebi.
2285:. This beetle has two sets of liquids that are stored separately in two paired glands. The larger of the pair, the storage chamber or reservoir, contains
1485:
544:
1466:
6177:
2046:
of catalase. However, "Copper deficiency can lead to a reduction in catalase activity in tissues, such as heart and liver." Furthermore, the poison
3772:
Selvaratnam J, Robaire B (November 2016). "Overexpression of catalase in mice reduces age-related oxidative stress and maintains sperm production".
6218:
3290:
Schroeder WA, Shelton JR, Shelton JB, Robberson B, Apell G (May 1969). "The amino acid sequence of bovine liver catalase: a preliminary report".
1819:, each of which can be conceptually divided into four domains. The extensive core of each subunit is generated by an eight-stranded antiparallel
6101:
5335:
119:
107:
5746:
5616:
2592:. Many bacteria are catalase positive, but some are better catalase-producers than others. Some catalase-positive bacteria and fungi include:
5554:
2808:
389:
4543:
2790:
3076:
1856:
was the first to give it the name catalase, and found it in many plants and animals. In 1937 catalase from beef liver was crystallized by
6396:
4439:
4707:
1692:
1685:
6502:
6094:
5518:
3368:
4860:
Xi S, Chen LH (2000). "Effects of dietary fish oil on tissue glutathione and antioxidant defense enzymes in mice with murine aids".
4199:
382:
4500:, Cook JN, Worsley JL, "Compositions and method for destroying hydrogen peroxide on contact lens", issued 1996-05-28
2541:
may also be used. A small sample of bacteria is collected on the end of the capillary tube, without blocking the tube, to avoid
5274:
6662:
6587:
5590:
4665:
3879:
3026:
2977:
333:
87:
2773:
195:
5378:
4104:
Hansberg W, Salas-Lizana R, Domínguez L (September 2012). "Fungal catalases: function, phylogenetic origin and structure".
1980:
of the Fe(III) to Fe(IV). The efficiency of the reaction may also be improved by the interactions of His75 and Asn148 with
1783:
of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.
439:
6401:
2752:
5001:
Góth L (February 1991). "A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range".
4297:
5328:
5183:
4759:"Senile hair graying: H2O2-mediated oxidative stress affects human hair color by blunting methionine sulfoxide repair"
3897:"A major catalase (KatB) that is required for resistance to H2O2 and phagocyte-mediated killing in Edwardsiella tarda"
5817:
5383:
5240:
5141:
4605:
3425:
4468:
708:
6555:
6411:
2218:, catalase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde, but it is unlikely that this reaction is physiologically significant.
2143:
4517:
6416:
2777:
2756:
2674:
685:
6371:
3525:
Ogura Y, Yamazaki I (August 1983). "Steady-state kinetics of the catalase reaction in the presence of cyanide".
327:
6463:
6237:
5558:
1530:
309:
6391:
183:
5973:
5398:
5321:
2585:
2415:. An applicator stick is touched to the colony, and the tip is then smeared onto the hydrogen peroxide drop.
1823:(β1-8), with nearest neighbor connectivity capped by β-barrel loops on one side and α9 loops on the other. A
607:
582:
314:
1511:
6458:
6421:
6406:
5373:
5236:
4337:Çetinus ŞA, Öztop HN (June 2003). "Immobilization of catalase into chemically crosslinked chitosan beads".
3325:
Murthy MR, Reid TJ, Sicignano A, Tanaka N, Rossmann MG (October 1981). "Structure of beef liver catalase".
2626:
524:
3971:
Ilyukha VA (2001). "Superoxide
Dismutase and Catalase in the Organs of Mammals of Different Ecogenesis".
3498:
Kremer ML (April 1981). "Nonstationary inhibition of enzyme action. The cyanide inhibition of catalase".
2433:
394:
302:
6632:
4366:"Unique presence of a manganese catalase in a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrobaculum calidifontis VA1"
2657:
2495:
2207:, make catalase to deactivate the peroxide radicals, thus allowing them to survive unharmed within the
2191:
2147:
179:
4621:
Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ, Hampton MB (June 2016). "Reactive Oxygen
Species and Neutrophil Function".
4497:
2545:
results. The opposite end is then dipped into hydrogen peroxide, which is drawn into the tube through
721:
620:
6341:
6074:
6061:
6048:
6035:
6022:
6009:
5996:
5958:
5583:
5388:
2411:
is added to hydrogen peroxide. The catalase test is done by placing a drop of hydrogen peroxide on a
237:
131:
100:
5221:
714:
613:
511:
136:
6492:
6443:
6259:
6151:
6126:
5968:
5922:
5865:
5729:
5607:
3646:"Mice lacking catalase develop normally but show differential sensitivity to oxidant tissue injury"
2408:
2339:
2101:
2043:
532:
330:
220:
4919:
1837:
254:
6692:
6291:
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5734:
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6426:
6131:
5704:
5654:
3080:
2719:
2266:
2254:
2197:
2083:
1981:
4509:
2379:
industry, removing hydrogen peroxide from fabrics to make sure the material is peroxide-free.
6677:
6672:
6484:
6118:
5891:
5810:
5649:
5634:
4951:
4595:
4447:
4043:
3605:"Predominant role of catalase in the disposal of hydrogen peroxide within human erythrocytes"
2690:
2504:
2215:
596:
6351:
5963:
5576:
5168:
5037:
4247:
4152:
3824:
3569:
3248:
3205:
3154:
2729:
2437:
2203:
290:
162:
5085:"A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase"
4634:
3538:
2419:
If the mixture produces bubbles or froth, the organism is said to be 'catalase-positive'.
8:
6609:
6550:
6540:
6468:
6254:
5927:
5568:
4733:"Why Hair Turns Gray Is No Longer A Gray Area: Our Hair Bleaches Itself As We Grow Older"
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552:
266:
232:
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225:
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6266:
5860:
5719:
5065:
4798:
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4757:
Wood JM, Decker H, Hartmann H, Chavan B, Rokos H, Spencer JD, et al. (July 2009).
4270:
4235:
4031:
3988:
3848:
3797:
3711:
3686:
3685:
Heit C, Marshall S, Singh S, Yu X, Charkoftaki G, Zhao H, et al. (February 2017).
3475:
3450:
3272:
3170:
2875:
2446:
2289:
and hydrogen peroxide, while the smaller, the reaction chamber, contains catalases and
2258:
2039:
1787:
556:
112:
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5133:
5101:
5084:
4873:
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1134:
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1119:
1114:
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1099:
1094:
1089:
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1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
345:
6604:
6436:
6213:
5363:
5313:
5302:
5293:
5147:
5137:
5106:
5069:
5057:
5018:
5014:
4980:
4939:
4842:
4790:
4671:
4661:
4638:
4601:
4395:
4381:
4275:
4180:
4175:
4140:
4121:
4086:
4023:
3953:
3918:
3875:
3840:
3789:
3751:
3716:
3667:
3626:
3585:
3542:
3480:
3431:
3421:
3342:
3338:
3307:
3303:
3264:
3221:
3178:
3123:
3032:
3022:
2983:
2973:
2867:
2577:
2360:
2282:
2175:
2067:
2063:
2051:
1988:
1889:
1841:
1760:
504:
432:
321:
170:
92:
5278:
4920:"A colorimetric test for measuring catalase activity of cultures of M. tuberculosis"
4802:
4035:
3992:
3852:
3603:
Gaetani GF, Ferraris AM, Rolfo M, Mangerini R, Arena S, Kirkman HN (February 1996).
3276:
3057:. Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
56:
6682:
6614:
6512:
5906:
5901:
5875:
5803:
5629:
5206:
5129:
5096:
5049:
5010:
4931:
4900:
4888:
4869:
4832:
4780:
4630:
4385:
4377:
4346:
4265:
4255:
4170:
4160:
4113:
4076:
4015:
3980:
3945:
3908:
3832:
3801:
3781:
3743:
3706:
3698:
3657:
3616:
3577:
3534:
3507:
3470:
3462:
3413:
3334:
3299:
3256:
3213:
3162:
3115:
3014:
2965:
2879:
2857:
2847:
2839:
2614:
2610:
2546:
2511:
2455:
2412:
2332:
2171:
2112:
2059:
1861:
1772:
801:
732:
676:
631:
158:
6431:
4821:"Catalase activity is regulated by c-Abl and Arg in the oxidative stress response"
4573:
3239:
Sumner JB, Gralén N (March 1938). "The
Molecular Weight of Crystalline Catalase".
2322:
Catalase enzymes from various species have vastly differing optimum temperatures.
536:
124:
6386:
6286:
6276:
6156:
5953:
5937:
5850:
5764:
5759:
5714:
5709:
5624:
4260:
3581:
2714:
2227:
2120:
1857:
1816:
1780:
776:
560:
68:
4935:
3785:
3260:
3217:
2813:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2795:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1852:). Thénard suggested its breakdown was caused by an unknown substance. In 1900,
349:
6646:
6366:
6187:
6182:
5991:
5932:
5599:
4145:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3867:
3166:
2969:
2618:
2542:
2538:
2420:
2305:
2261:
2208:
877:
365:
5053:
4117:
3984:
3747:
3466:
2843:
2576:, which is converted via hydrogen peroxide to other oxidising substances like
1875:
catalase was determined in 1969, and the three-dimensional structure in 1981.
6656:
6580:
6517:
6311:
6223:
6197:
6192:
6172:
5896:
5855:
5750:
5259:
4675:
4565:
2565:
2520:
2319:
capability of termite queens can partly explain how they attain longer life.
2311:
2123:
of catalase. Over-expressing mice do not exhibit the age-associated loss of
995:
340:
4475:. International Cleaner Production Information Clearinghouse. Archived from
4165:
3836:
959:
937:
815:
6361:
6306:
6281:
5845:
5110:
5061:
4972:
4943:
4846:
4837:
4820:
4794:
4656:
Le T, Bhushan V, Sochat M, Kallianos K, Chavda Y, Zureick AH (2017-01-06).
4642:
4399:
4279:
4184:
4125:
4090:
4027:
4006:
Bai J, Cederbaum AI (2001). "Mitochondrial catalase and oxidative injury".
3922:
3844:
3793:
3755:
3720:
3671:
3662:
3645:
3589:
3484:
3268:
3225:
3182:
3127:
3119:
2987:
2871:
2581:
2526:
2459:
2387:
2383:
2328:
2323:
2286:
2247:
2135:
2124:
2004:
1992:
794:
573:
5151:
5128:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 105. Academic Press. pp. 121–126.
5022:
4984:
4081:
4064:
3957:
3936:
Lieber CS (January 1997). "Ethanol metabolism, cirrhosis and alcoholism".
3913:
3896:
3630:
3546:
3435:
3346:
3311:
3036:
1798:
groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum
1732:
1727:
966:
96:
6599:
6316:
6069:
6004:
5840:
5667:
4785:
4758:
4476:
2606:
2598:
2499:
2489:
2451:
2424:
2371:
production. Another use is in food wrappers, where it prevents food from
2316:
2297:(ΔH = −202.8 kJ/mol) and rapidly heats the mixture to the boiling point.
2243:
1996:
1945:
1824:
1820:
1575:
1556:
4904:
4431:
4200:"A biomimetic study of the explosive discharge of the bombardier beetle"
3511:
2852:
278:
6575:
6271:
5724:
5603:
5344:
5191:
4406:
3734:
Góth L, Nagy T (September 2012). "Acatalasemia and diabetes mellitus".
3174:
2724:
2644:
2569:
2557:
2479:
2463:
2294:
2290:
2235:
2167:
2105:
2079:
1953:
1949:
1868:
1853:
1791:
693:
590:
540:
80:
4019:
2960:
Maehly AC, Chance B (1954). "The assay of catalases and peroxidases".
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
6497:
6356:
6043:
6017:
5458:
2589:
2573:
2561:
2372:
2351:
2163:
2159:
2139:
2131:
1977:
1957:
1888:
While the complete mechanism of catalase is not currently known, the
1430:
760:
747:
659:
646:
548:
415:
3142:
2398:
2050:
is a noncompetitive inhibitor of catalase at high concentrations of
6641:
6473:
6381:
6321:
6298:
5348:
4689:
3866:
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002).
2685:
2622:
2602:
2594:
2483:
2471:
2467:
2441:
2429:
2335:
2182:
2179:
2174:(the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide) and symbiotic
2128:
2055:
2008:
1973:
1812:
1756:
1752:
1716:
63:
4775:
6592:
6146:
5425:
5414:
5393:
5307:
5297:
5003:
Clinica
Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
4305:
Bulletin of the
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University
3938:
Clinica
Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
3559:
2894:
2662:
2427:
are catalase-positive. Other catalase-positive organisms include
2376:
2301:
2239:
2097:
2047:
2000:
1542:
1497:
1415:
1411:
297:
75:
5244:
3289:
1751:
found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as
528:
6056:
5826:
5478:
5473:
5468:
4658:
First aid for the USMLE step 1 2017: a student-to-student guide
4236:"An Efficient Antioxidant System in a Long-Lived Termite Queen"
2368:
2271:
2116:
2090:
2066:
of the peroxidated catalase intermediates are available at the
1969:
1961:
1872:
1768:
1748:
1700:
1452:
377:
273:
261:
249:
190:
30:
4970:
4141:"Spray aiming in the bombardier beetle: photographic evidence"
1341:
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
1321:
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
1301:
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
975:
6545:
6507:
6376:
6030:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5463:
5438:
4708:"Gray hair cure? Scientists find root cause of discoloration"
4103:
3814:
3602:
2275:
2231:
2151:
1764:
5292:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
4233:
2696:
2226:
The large majority of known organisms use catalase in every
1976:
in the fifth coordination position, which can assist in the
1771:. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5662:
5526:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5433:
3196:
Sumner JB, Dounce AL (April 1937). "Crystalline Catalase".
2679:
2393:
2364:
1937:
1933:
1795:
285:
152:
51:
5795:
5598:
3687:"Catalase deletion promotes prediabetic phenotype in mice"
3412:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 105. pp. 121–126.
4971:
Koroliuk MA, Ivanova LI, Maĭorova IG, Tokarev VE (1988).
3324:
3043:
2230:, with particularly high concentrations occurring in the
2087:
1965:
4756:
4655:
4620:
4062:
3894:
3448:
2828:"Diversity of structures and properties among catalases"
2346:
2078:
Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful byproduct of many normal
784:
6116:
3895:
Srinivasa Rao PS, Yamada Y, Leung KY (September 2003).
3865:
3105:
1799:
1029:
oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor
5343:
4924:
American Review of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases
4725:
3451:"The many "faces" of copper in medicine and treatment"
6630:
5224:. Brenda: The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System
4973:"[A method of determining catalase activity]"
949:
4535:
3644:
Ho YS, Xiong Y, Ma W, Spector A, Ho DS (July 2004).
2661:
Hydrogen peroxide interferes with the production of
4889:"A colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide"
4597:
Fisheries Processing: Biotechnological applications
4461:
4234:Tasaki E, Kobayashi K, Matsuura K, Iuchi Y (2017).
4063:Brioukhanov AL, Netrusov AI, Eggen RI (June 2006).
3973:
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology
3684:
3055:
BRENDA: The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System
2825:
2359:Catalase is used in the food industry for removing
2035:The exact mechanism of this reaction is not known.
4660:(27th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
3771:
3449:Hordyjewska A, Popiołek Ł, Kocot J (August 2014).
2769:
2767:
2765:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2011:. It does so according to the following reaction:
4956:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
4138:
4048:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
3143:"A New Enzyme of General Occurrence in Organisms"
3009:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 105. pp.
731:
630:
6654:
4197:
3643:
2104:. Some humans have very low levels of catalase (
4814:
4812:
4363:
4229:
4227:
3767:
3765:
2826:Chelikani P, Fita I, Loewen PC (January 2004).
2762:
2741:
2221:
2038:Any heavy metal ion (such as copper cations in
1991:, of various metabolites and toxins, including
1864:and the molecular weight was measured in 1938.
4996:
4994:
4917:
3101:
3099:
3097:
2774:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027187
2656:Low levels of catalase may play a role in the
6102:
5811:
5584:
5329:
4191:
3524:
2518:If not, the organism is 'catalase-negative'.
2170:. Peroxisomes in plant cells are involved in
2138:seen in wild-type mice. Oxidative stress in
1987:Catalase can also catalyze the oxidation, by
5124:Aebi H (January 1984). "Catalase in vitro".
4809:
4750:
4574:"Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococci"
4357:
4336:
4224:
4207:International Journal of Design & Nature
4132:
4056:
4005:
3999:
3888:
3808:
3762:
3678:
3622:10.1182/blood.V87.4.1595.bloodjournal8741595
3596:
3389:Oxidoreductase: Catalase Structural Tutorial
3238:
3232:
3195:
3189:
3134:
2959:
2162:, catalase is usually located in a cellular
4991:
4818:
3874:(4th ed.). New York: Garland Science.
3366:
3318:
3283:
3094:
3074:
2918:
2892:
2819:
2753:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000121691
2234:in mammals. Catalase is found primarily in
1231:cellular response to growth factor stimulus
6109:
6095:
5818:
5804:
5591:
5577:
5336:
5322:
5082:
4515:
2994:
2953:
2564:use peroxide to kill bacteria. The enzyme
2331:. In contrast, catalase isolated from the
1790:of four polypeptide chains, each over 500
29:
5100:
5035:
4836:
4784:
4774:
4600:. Springer Science & Business Media.
4389:
4291:
4289:
4269:
4259:
4174:
4164:
4080:
3912:
3727:
3710:
3661:
3620:
3474:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
2861:
2851:
2697:Methods for determining catalase activity
2665:, the pigment that gives hair its color.
2343:has a temperature optimum of 90 °C.
2281:One unique use of catalase occurs in the
2257:use catalase. It is also present in some
4893:Journal of the American Chemical Society
4550:. Mesa Community College. Archived from
4437:
4139:Eisner T, Aneshansley DJ (August 1999).
3733:
3068:
2397:
2394:Bacterial identification (catalase test)
2350:
2086:of hydrogen peroxide into less-reactive
1251:negative regulation of apoptotic process
1100:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
4440:"Re: how is catalase used in industry?"
4364:Amo T, Atomi H, Imanaka T (June 2002).
4295:
4106:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
3970:
3736:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
3637:
3292:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
3077:"A Quantitative Enzyme Study; CATALASE"
2386:hygiene – a few lens-cleaning products
1794:long. It contains four iron-containing
1779:(ROS). Catalase has one of the highest
6655:
5237:"PeroxiBase - The peroxidase database"
4886:
4859:
4690:"OMIM Entry - # 614097 - ACATALASEMIA"
4593:
4286:
3935:
3929:
3497:
3353:
2552:
1883:
1836:Catalase was first noticed in 1818 by
6090:
5799:
5572:
5317:
5169:"GenAge entry for CAT (Homo sapiens)"
5126:Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems
4819:Cao C, Leng Y, Kufe D (August 2003).
4635:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014442
4541:
4420:. Worthington Biochemical Corporation
4330:
3539:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134369
3410:Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems
3007:Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems
2912:
2347:Clinical significance and application
1396:cellular response to oxidative stress
736:
697:
692:
635:
594:
589:
5379:Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase
5123:
5000:
3859:
3408:Aebi H (1984). "Catalase in vitro".
3407:
3140:
3000:
2832:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
1892:is believed to occur in two stages:
1376:positive regulation of cell division
16:Enzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide
6402:Oxidative/fermentation glucose test
5277:. Protein Data Bank. Archived from
5089:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
4825:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3703:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.011
3691:Free Radical Biology & Medicine
3650:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2270:. Catalase is also universal among
1391:response to reactive oxygen species
1311:hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
13:
2142:mice ordinarily induces oxidative
14:
6704:
6528:Antibiotic susceptibility testing
6335:biochemical and immunologic tests
5384:Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase
5241:Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
5207:"Catalase and oxidase test video"
5161:
5083:Beers RF, Sizer IW (March 1952).
4571:
3562:Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
3500:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
2964:. Vol. 1. pp. 357–424.
2941:Catalase Structural Tutorial Text
1110:mitochondrial intermembrane space
1009:protein homodimerization activity
6640:
6556:Minimum inhibitory concentration
6248:Manual testing: basic techniques
5275:"Catalase Molecule of the Month"
5171:. Human Ageing Genomic Resources
4522:BSCI 424 Pathogenic Microbiology
4446:. MadSci Network. Archived from
4382:10.1128/JB.184.12.3305-3312.2002
4198:Beheshti N, McIntosh AC (2006).
4008:Biological Signals and Receptors
3369:"Proposed Mechanism of Catalase"
2073:
1948:, it does not interact with the
1944:As hydrogen peroxide enters the
965:
958:
720:
713:
707:
684:
619:
612:
606:
581:
414:
5117:
5076:
5029:
4964:
4911:
4880:
4853:
4700:
4682:
4649:
4614:
4587:
4490:
4339:Enzyme and Microbial Technology
4318:from the original on 2022-10-09
4097:
3964:
3553:
3518:
3491:
3442:
3401:
2962:Methods of Biochemical Analysis
2668:
2584:pathogens. In individuals with
2375:. Catalase is also used in the
1401:protein targeting to peroxisome
1381:cellular oxidant detoxification
6464:Novobiocin susceptibility test
6454:Bacitracin susceptibility test
4918:Peizer LR, Widelock D (1955).
4576:. University of South Carolina
3079:. bucknell.edu. Archived from
2886:
2801:
2783:
1346:triglyceride metabolic process
976:More reference expression data
938:More reference expression data
1:
6347:Amino acid decarboxylase test
5134:10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3
5102:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50881-X
4874:10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00214-1
4623:Annual Review of Biochemistry
4351:10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00065-6
3950:10.1016/S0009-8981(96)06434-0
3872:Molecular Biology of the Cell
3418:10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
3019:10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
2735:
2639:
2586:chronic granulomatous disease
2312:oxidative damage to their DNA
2108:), yet show few ill effects.
1755:, plants, and animals) which
1366:response to hydrogen peroxide
1241:cholesterol metabolic process
705:
604:
147:Available protein structures:
6663:Genes on human chromosome 11
6459:Optochin susceptibility test
6422:Sulfide indole motility test
6407:Phenylalanine deaminase test
5374:Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
5190:. madsci.org. Archived from
5015:10.1016/0009-8981(91)90067-m
4261:10.1371/journal.pone.0167412
3582:10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.05.009
3367:Boon EM, Downs A, Marcey D.
3339:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90254-0
3327:Journal of Molecular Biology
3304:10.1016/0003-9861(69)90441-X
3108:Journal of Molecular Biology
2919:Boon EM, Downs A, Marcey D.
2651:
2222:Distribution among organisms
1806:
1371:hemoglobin metabolic process
1261:response to oxidative stress
1170:ficolin-1-rich granule lumen
7:
5825:
4936:10.1164/artpd.1955.71.2.305
3786:10.1016/j.exger.2016.08.012
3261:10.1126/science.87.2256.284
3218:10.1126/science.85.2206.366
3075:Toner K, Sojka G, Ellis R.
2708:
2689:genes. Infection with the
2673:Catalase has been shown to
2530:spp. are catalase-negative.
2434:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
1932:Here Fe()-E represents the
1878:
1361:response to toxic substance
1351:protein homotetramerization
1331:response to light intensity
1246:response to L-ascorbic acid
1186:response to phenylpropanoid
908:subcutaneous adipose tissue
10:
6711:
4739:. ScienceDaily. 2009-02-24
3167:10.1126/science.11.279.701
2970:10.1002/9780470110171.ch14
2893:Goodsell DS (2004-09-01).
2496:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2402:Positive catalase reaction
2192:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1831:
1306:osteoblast differentiation
1064:signaling receptor binding
900:tunica adventitia of aorta
6568:
6526:
6503:Polymerase chain reaction
6482:
6332:
6247:
6236:
6206:
6165:
6139:
6125:
5982:
5974:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
5946:
5915:
5884:
5833:
5745:
5615:
5550:
5517:
5423:
5407:
5389:Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase
5356:
5054:10.11646/zootaxa.5339.2.3
4518:"Bacterial Pathogen List"
4516:Rollins DM (2000-08-01).
4496:
4418:Worthington Enzyme Manual
4118:10.1016/j.abb.2012.05.014
3748:10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.005
3467:10.1007/s10534-014-9736-5
2844:10.1007/s00018-003-3206-5
2809:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
2791:"Human PubMed Reference:"
2310:have significantly lower
2300:Long-lived queens of the
2119:in mice is alleviated by
1731:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1699:
1693:Chr 2: 103.28 – 103.32 Mb
1680:
1665:
1661:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1573:
1569:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1528:
1524:
1509:
1505:
1496:
1483:
1479:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1436:
1429:
1425:
1409:
1069:identical protein binding
994:
990:
973:
957:
948:
935:
884:
875:
822:
813:
783:
775:
771:
754:
741:
704:
683:
674:
670:
653:
640:
603:
580:
571:
567:
522:
519:
509:
502:
497:
458:
453:
436:
431:
426:
422:
413:
408:
388:
376:
364:
359:
355:
339:
320:
308:
296:
284:
272:
260:
248:
243:
231:
219:
214:
209:
189:
169:
151:
146:
142:
130:
118:
106:
86:
74:
62:
50:
42:
37:
28:
23:
6493:Analytical profile index
5866:Diffusion-limited enzyme
5730:Iodothyronine deiodinase
5222:"EC 1.11.1.6 - catalase"
4594:Martin AM (2012-12-06).
4524:. University of Maryland
4296:Mitsuda H (1956-07-31).
4213:(1): 1–9. Archived from
3774:Experimental Gerontology
3051:"EC 1.11.1.6 - catalase"
2901:. RCSB Protein Data Bank
2340:Pyrobaculum calidifontis
2044:noncompetitive inhibitor
1686:Chr 11: 34.44 – 34.47 Mb
1386:neutrophil degranulation
1191:ureteric bud development
5735:Iodotyrosine deiodinase
5645:Cytochrome c peroxidase
4938:(inactive 2024-09-12).
4438:Hengge A (1999-03-16).
4370:Journal of Bacteriology
4166:10.1073/pnas.96.17.9705
4022:(inactive 2024-09-12).
3985:10.1023/A:1012663105999
3837:10.1126/science.1106653
3527:Journal of Biochemistry
2178:(the breaking apart of
1811:Human catalase forms a
1777:reactive oxygen species
1271:protein tetramerization
1206:response to cadmium ion
1165:secretory granule lumen
1059:oxidoreductase activity
6427:Triple sugar iron test
5705:Horseradish peroxidase
5655:Glutathione peroxidase
4838:10.1074/jbc.M301292200
3663:10.1074/jbc.M404800200
3120:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3458
2720:Glutathione peroxidase
2403:
2356:
2267:Methanosarcina barkeri
2255:aerobic microorganisms
2198:Legionella pneumophila
1982:reaction intermediates
1221:response to inactivity
1211:response to fatty acid
6485:point-of-care testing
6166:Cultures by body site
6119:clinical microbiology
5959:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
5892:Allosteric regulation
5650:Eosinophil peroxidase
5635:Fatty-acid peroxidase
5036:Razygraev AV (2023).
4544:"Catalase Production"
4498:US patent 5521091
4298:"Studies on Catalase"
4082:10.1099/mic.0.28542-0
3914:10.1099/mic.0.26478-0
2899:Molecule of the Month
2691:murine leukemia virus
2401:
2354:
2216:alcohol dehydrogenase
2093:and water molecules.
2062:. Three-dimensional
1956:at position 148) and
1838:Louis Jacques Thénard
1759:the decomposition of
1326:response to radiation
1286:response to vitamin A
1276:response to vitamin E
1226:response to hyperoxia
1196:response to estradiol
1150:extracellular exosome
1135:endoplasmic reticulum
1014:aminoacylase activity
912:stroma of bone marrow
597:Chromosome 11 (human)
6444:Voges–Proskauer test
6352:Bile solubility test
6207:Cultures by organism
6140:Isolation techniques
5969:Lineweaver–Burk plot
5260:"Catalase Procedure"
5209:. Regnvm Prokaryotae
4786:10.1096/fj.08-125435
2730:Superoxide dismutase
2438:Burkholderia cepacia
2204:Campylobacter jejuni
1921:+ O=Fe(IV)-E(.+) → H
1296:response to lead ion
1266:response to activity
1155:extracellular region
1115:peroxisomal membrane
1039:antioxidant activity
916:brown adipose tissue
738:2 E2|2 54.43 cM
699:Chromosome 2 (mouse)
454:List of PDB id codes
427:Available structures
6551:McFarland standards
6541:Disk diffusion test
6536:Beta-lactamase test
6469:Lancefield grouping
6449:X and V factor test
6417:Salt tolerance test
6292:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
6255:Colonial morphology
4905:10.1021/ja01429a006
4831:(32): 29667–29675.
4252:2017PLoSO..1267412T
4157:1999PNAS...96.9705E
4075:(Pt 6): 1671–1677.
3907:(Pt 9): 2635–2644.
3829:2005Sci...308.1909S
3823:(5730): 1909–1911.
3656:(31): 32804–32812.
3574:2009PlPB...47..960K
3512:10.1021/j150607a021
3253:1938Sci....87..284S
3210:1937Sci....85..366S
3159:1900Sci....11..701L
3141:Loew O (May 1900).
3003:"Catalase in vitro"
2553:Bacterial virulence
2274:and occurs in most
2100:, fatty liver, and
1884:Molecular mechanism
1336:response to ethanol
1291:aerobic respiration
1281:response to insulin
1201:response to hypoxia
1160:extracellular space
1019:peroxidase activity
850:right lobe of liver
6620:Inoculation needle
5928:Enzyme superfamily
5861:Enzyme promiscuity
5720:Thyroid peroxidase
5306:(Catalase) at the
4887:Isaacs ML (1922).
4862:Nutrition Research
4469:"textile industry"
2447:Enterobacteriaceae
2404:
2382:A minor use is in
2357:
2246:(and sometimes in
2064:protein structures
2040:copper(II) sulfate
1908:O + O=Fe(IV)-E(.+)
1531:ENSMUSG00000027187
1216:kidney development
1179:Biological process
1130:peroxisomal matrix
1078:Cellular component
1002:Molecular function
924:intercostal muscle
888:left lobe of liver
6628:
6627:
6605:Biosafety cabinet
6564:
6563:
6412:Reverse CAMP test
6232:
6231:
6214:Bacterial culture
6084:
6083:
5793:
5792:
5566:
5565:
5364:Mevalonate kinase
4977:Laboratornoe Delo
4667:978-1-259-83762-3
4548:Biochemical Tests
4376:(12): 3305–3312.
4151:(17): 9705–9709.
4020:10.1159/000046887
3881:978-0-8153-3218-3
3204:(2206): 366–367.
3028:978-0-12-182005-3
2979:978-0-470-11017-1
2578:hypochlorous acid
2361:hydrogen peroxide
2355:Hydrogen peroxide
2283:bombardier beetle
2176:nitrogen fixation
2115:that occurs with
2068:Protein Data Bank
2052:hydrogen peroxide
1989:hydrogen peroxide
1925:O + Fe(III)-E + O
1842:hydrogen peroxide
1840:, who discovered
1815:composed of four
1761:hydrogen peroxide
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1711:
1710:
1676:
1675:
1655:
1654:
1629:
1628:
1608:
1607:
1582:
1581:
1563:
1562:
1537:
1536:
1518:
1517:
1492:
1491:
1473:
1472:
1421:
1420:
1256:response to ozone
1034:catalase activity
1024:metal ion binding
986:
985:
982:
981:
944:
943:
931:
930:
869:
868:
767:
766:
666:
665:
493:
492:
489:
488:
437:Ortholog search:
404:
403:
400:
399:
303:metabolic pathway
205:
204:
201:
200:
196:structure summary
6700:
6645:
6644:
6636:
6615:Inoculation loop
6513:Rapid strep test
6245:
6244:
6137:
6136:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6088:
6087:
5964:Hanes–Woolf plot
5907:Enzyme activator
5902:Enzyme inhibitor
5876:Enzyme catalysis
5820:
5813:
5806:
5797:
5796:
5630:NADPH peroxidase
5593:
5586:
5579:
5570:
5569:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5315:
5314:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5243:. Archived from
5232:
5230:
5229:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5156:
5155:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5104:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5009:(2–3): 143–151.
4998:
4989:
4988:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4955:
4947:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4899:(8): 1662–1663.
4884:
4878:
4877:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4840:
4816:
4807:
4806:
4788:
4778:
4769:(7): 2065–2075.
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4393:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4302:
4293:
4284:
4283:
4273:
4263:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4204:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4178:
4168:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4084:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4047:
4039:
4014:(3–4): 189–199.
4003:
3997:
3996:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3665:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3615:(4): 1595–1599.
3600:
3594:
3593:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3364:
3351:
3350:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3153:(279): 701–702.
3138:
3132:
3131:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3047:
3041:
3040:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2865:
2855:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2787:
2781:
2771:
2760:
2750:
2547:capillary action
2512:Rhodococcus equi
2413:microscope slide
2333:hyperthermophile
2172:photorespiration
2113:oxidative stress
1862:Alexander Dounce
1781:turnover numbers
1773:oxidative damage
1724:
1723:
1695:
1688:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1650:
1638:
1637:
1634:RefSeq (protein)
1624:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1567:
1566:
1548:
1547:
1522:
1521:
1503:
1502:
1477:
1476:
1458:
1457:
1427:
1426:
992:
991:
978:
969:
962:
955:
954:
940:
880:
878:Top expressed in
873:
872:
818:
816:Top expressed in
811:
810:
790:
789:
773:
772:
763:
750:
739:
724:
717:
711:
700:
688:
672:
671:
662:
649:
638:
623:
616:
610:
599:
585:
569:
568:
563:
514:
507:
484:
451:
450:
445:
424:
423:
418:
406:
405:
357:
356:
207:
206:
144:
143:
33:
21:
20:
6710:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6639:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6560:
6522:
6478:
6387:Methyl red test
6334:
6333:Manual testing:
6328:
6287:India ink stain
6277:Acid-fast stain
6240:
6228:
6202:
6178:Genital culture
6161:
6157:Selective media
6129:
6121:
6115:
6085:
6080:
5992:Oxidoreductases
5978:
5954:Enzyme kinetics
5942:
5938:List of enzymes
5911:
5880:
5851:Catalytic triad
5829:
5824:
5794:
5789:
5741:
5715:Myeloperoxidase
5710:Lactoperoxidase
5625:NADH peroxidase
5611:
5600:Oxidoreductases
5597:
5567:
5562:
5546:
5513:
5419:
5403:
5352:
5342:
5284:
5282:
5273:
5265:
5263:
5262:. MicrobeID.com
5258:
5250:
5248:
5235:
5227:
5225:
5220:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5197:
5195:
5182:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5164:
5159:
5144:
5122:
5118:
5081:
5077:
5034:
5030:
4999:
4992:
4969:
4965:
4949:
4948:
4916:
4912:
4885:
4881:
4858:
4854:
4817:
4810:
4755:
4751:
4742:
4740:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4717:
4715:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4668:
4654:
4650:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4592:
4588:
4579:
4577:
4570:
4566:
4557:
4555:
4540:
4536:
4527:
4525:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4495:
4491:
4482:
4480:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4453:
4451:
4444:General Biology
4436:
4432:
4423:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4362:
4358:
4335:
4331:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4300:
4294:
4287:
4246:(1): e0167412.
4232:
4225:
4217:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4137:
4133:
4102:
4098:
4061:
4057:
4041:
4040:
4004:
4000:
3969:
3965:
3934:
3930:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3864:
3860:
3813:
3809:
3770:
3763:
3732:
3728:
3683:
3679:
3642:
3638:
3601:
3597:
3568:(10): 960–965.
3558:
3554:
3523:
3519:
3496:
3492:
3447:
3443:
3428:
3406:
3402:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3365:
3354:
3323:
3319:
3288:
3284:
3237:
3233:
3194:
3190:
3139:
3135:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3073:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3029:
3001:Aebi H (1984).
2999:
2995:
2980:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2937:Oxidoreductase"
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2902:
2891:
2887:
2824:
2820:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2772:
2763:
2751:
2742:
2738:
2715:Enzyme kinetics
2711:
2699:
2671:
2654:
2642:
2555:
2539:Capillary tubes
2396:
2349:
2224:
2188:
2121:over-expression
2102:type 2 diabetes
2076:
2042:) can act as a
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1904:+ Fe(III)-E → H
1903:
1899:
1886:
1881:
1858:James B. Sumner
1851:
1847:
1834:
1809:
1733:View/Edit Mouse
1728:View/Edit Human
1691:
1684:
1681:Location (UCSC)
1667:
1646:
1620:
1599:
1512:ENSG00000121691
1405:
1174:
1125:plasma membrane
1090:Golgi apparatus
1073:
974:
964:
963:
936:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
896:proximal tubule
894:
890:
876:
865:
860:
856:
854:mucosa of ileum
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
826:trabecular bone
814:
758:
745:
737:
727:
726:
725:
718:
698:
675:Gene location (
657:
644:
636:
626:
625:
624:
617:
595:
572:Gene location (
561:CAT - orthologs
523:
510:
503:
460:
438:
108:OPM superfamily
17:
12:
11:
5:
6708:
6707:
6696:
6695:
6693:Copper enzymes
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6650:
6649:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6532:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6489:
6487:
6483:Automated and
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6367:Coagulase test
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6338:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6301:
6296:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6251:
6249:
6242:
6238:Identification
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6219:Fungal culture
6216:
6210:
6208:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6188:Throat culture
6185:
6183:Sputum culture
6180:
6175:
6169:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6134:
6123:
6122:
6117:Techniques in
6114:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6091:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6065:
6052:
6039:
6026:
6013:
6000:
5986:
5984:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5919:
5917:
5916:Classification
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5823:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5756:
5754:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5596:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5573:
5564:
5563:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5430:
5428:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5341:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5290:
5271:
5256:
5233:
5218:
5203:
5180:
5163:
5162:External links
5160:
5158:
5157:
5142:
5116:
5095:(1): 133–140.
5075:
5048:(2): 159–176.
5028:
4990:
4963:
4930:(2): 305–313.
4910:
4879:
4868:(9): 1287–99.
4852:
4808:
4749:
4724:
4699:
4681:
4666:
4648:
4629:(1): 765–792.
4613:
4606:
4586:
4564:
4534:
4508:
4489:
4473:Case study 228
4460:
4430:
4405:
4356:
4345:(7): 889–894.
4329:
4311:(4): 165–192.
4285:
4223:
4220:on 2011-07-26.
4190:
4131:
4112:(2): 170–180.
4096:
4055:
3998:
3979:(3): 241–245.
3963:
3928:
3887:
3880:
3858:
3807:
3761:
3742:(2): 195–200.
3726:
3677:
3636:
3595:
3552:
3533:(2): 403–408.
3517:
3506:(7): 835–839.
3490:
3461:(4): 611–621.
3441:
3426:
3400:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3352:
3333:(2): 465–499.
3317:
3298:(2): 653–655.
3282:
3231:
3188:
3133:
3114:(1): 295–309.
3093:
3067:
3042:
3027:
2993:
2978:
2952:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2911:
2885:
2838:(2): 192–208.
2818:
2800:
2782:
2761:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2698:
2695:
2670:
2667:
2653:
2650:
2641:
2638:
2619:Staphylococcus
2554:
2551:
2543:false negative
2532:
2531:
2516:
2395:
2392:
2348:
2345:
2324:Poikilothermic
2306:Reticulitermes
2262:microorganisms
2223:
2220:
2186:
2111:The increased
2075:
2072:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
1936:center of the
1930:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1849:
1845:
1833:
1830:
1808:
1805:
1786:Catalase is a
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:response to UV
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1105:focal adhesion
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:enzyme binding
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
988:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
971:
970:
952:
946:
945:
942:
941:
933:
932:
929:
928:
926:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
882:
881:
870:
867:
866:
864:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:jejunal mucosa
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:
819:
807:
806:
798:
787:
781:
780:
777:RNA expression
769:
768:
765:
764:
756:
752:
751:
743:
740:
735:
729:
728:
719:
712:
706:
702:
701:
696:
690:
689:
681:
680:
668:
667:
664:
663:
655:
651:
650:
642:
639:
634:
628:
627:
618:
611:
605:
601:
600:
593:
587:
586:
578:
577:
565:
564:
521:
517:
516:
508:
500:
499:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
456:
455:
447:
446:
435:
429:
428:
420:
419:
411:
410:
402:
401:
398:
397:
392:
386:
385:
380:
374:
373:
368:
362:
361:
353:
352:
343:
337:
336:
325:
318:
317:
312:
306:
305:
300:
294:
293:
288:
282:
281:
276:
270:
269:
264:
258:
257:
252:
246:
245:
241:
240:
235:
229:
228:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
203:
202:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
173:
167:
166:
156:
149:
148:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
54:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6706:
6705:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6637:
6634:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6588:Anaerobic jar
6586:
6582:
6581:Growth medium
6579:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6567:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6518:Monospot test
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6331:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6265:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6225:
6224:Viral culture
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6198:Wound culture
6196:
6194:
6193:Urine culture
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6173:Blood culture
6171:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6112:
6107:
6105:
6100:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5933:Enzyme family
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5897:Cooperativity
5895:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:Oxyanion hole
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5816:
5814:
5809:
5807:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:peroxiredoxin
5748:
5744:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5594:
5589:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5555:intermediates
5549:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5339:
5334:
5332:
5327:
5325:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5281:on 2013-05-11
5280:
5276:
5272:
5261:
5257:
5247:on 2008-10-13
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5223:
5219:
5208:
5204:
5194:on 2009-03-09
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5143:9780121820053
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5112:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4997:
4995:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4959:
4953:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4914:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4883:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4856:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4815:
4813:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4763:FASEB Journal
4760:
4753:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4617:
4609:
4607:9781461553038
4603:
4599:
4598:
4590:
4575:
4568:
4554:on 2008-12-11
4553:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4499:
4493:
4479:on 2008-11-04
4478:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4450:on 2019-09-07
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4290:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4228:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4051:
4045:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3883:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3868:"Peroxisomes"
3862:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3427:9780121820053
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3390:
3370:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3247:(2256): 284.
3246:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3083:on 2000-06-12
3082:
3078:
3071:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2942:
2938:
2915:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:NADPH oxidase
2563:
2559:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:Streptococcus
2517:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2445:, the family
2444:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2421:Staphylococci
2418:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2287:hydroquinones
2284:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:(measured as
2145:
2141:
2137:
2136:Sertoli cells
2133:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2084:decomposition
2081:
2074:Cellular role
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1912:
1911:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:RefSeq (mRNA)
1585:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:UV protection
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1140:mitochondrion
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:Gene ontology
993:
989:
977:
972:
968:
961:
956:
953:
951:
947:
939:
934:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:
883:
879:
874:
871:
862:skin of thigh
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
834:renal medulla
833:
830:kidney tubule
829:
825:
824:
821:
817:
812:
809:
808:
805:
803:
799:
797:
796:
792:
791:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
762:
757:
753:
749:
744:
734:
730:
723:
716:
710:
703:
695:
691:
687:
682:
678:
673:
669:
661:
656:
652:
648:
643:
633:
629:
622:
615:
609:
602:
598:
592:
588:
584:
579:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
518:
513:
506:
501:
496:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
457:
452:
449:
448:
444:
441:
434:
430:
425:
421:
417:
412:
407:
396:
393:
391:
387:
384:
381:
379:
375:
372:
369:
367:
363:
358:
354:
351:
347:
344:
342:
341:Gene Ontology
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
319:
316:
313:
311:
307:
304:
301:
299:
295:
292:
289:
287:
283:
280:
279:NiceZyme view
277:
275:
271:
268:
265:
263:
259:
256:
253:
251:
247:
242:
239:
236:
234:
230:
227:
224:
222:
218:
213:
208:
197:
194:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
145:
141:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
70:
67:
65:
61:
58:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
6678:Hemoproteins
6673:Antioxidants
6392:Nitrite test
6362:Citrate test
6303:Rapid tests
6282:Giemsa stain
6152:Streak plate
6070:Translocases
6067:
6054:
6041:
6028:
6015:
6005:Transferases
6002:
5989:
5846:Binding site
5659:
5639:
5552:
5408:Transporters
5368:
5301:
5283:. Retrieved
5279:the original
5264:. Retrieved
5249:. Retrieved
5245:the original
5226:. Retrieved
5211:. Retrieved
5196:. Retrieved
5192:the original
5187:
5173:. Retrieved
5125:
5119:
5092:
5088:
5078:
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5041:
5031:
5006:
5002:
4979:(1): 16–19.
4976:
4966:
4952:cite journal
4927:
4923:
4913:
4896:
4892:
4882:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4828:
4824:
4766:
4762:
4752:
4741:. Retrieved
4737:Science News
4736:
4727:
4716:. Retrieved
4714:. 6 May 2013
4711:
4702:
4694:www.omim.org
4693:
4684:
4657:
4651:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4596:
4589:
4578:. Retrieved
4567:
4556:. Retrieved
4552:the original
4547:
4537:
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4521:
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4492:
4481:. Retrieved
4477:the original
4472:
4463:
4452:. Retrieved
4448:the original
4443:
4433:
4422:. Retrieved
4417:
4408:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4322:27 September
4320:. Retrieved
4308:
4304:
4243:
4239:
4215:the original
4210:
4206:
4193:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4072:
4069:Microbiology
4068:
4058:
4044:cite journal
4011:
4007:
4001:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3944:(1): 59–84.
3941:
3937:
3931:
3904:
3901:Microbiology
3900:
3890:
3871:
3861:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3777:
3773:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3694:
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3503:
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3454:
3444:
3409:
3403:
3392:. Retrieved
3372:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3295:
3291:
3285:
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3240:
3234:
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3197:
3191:
3150:
3146:
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3111:
3107:
3085:. Retrieved
3081:the original
3070:
3059:. Retrieved
3054:
3045:
3006:
2996:
2961:
2955:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:
2921:"Catalase: H
2914:
2903:. Retrieved
2898:
2888:
2853:10261/111097
2835:
2831:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2704:
2700:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2669:Interactions
2655:
2643:
2631:
2593:
2582:phagocytosed
2556:
2537:
2533:
2527:Enterococcus
2525:
2519:
2510:
2506:Cryptococcus
2505:
2494:
2488:
2460:Enterobacter
2450:
2428:
2405:
2384:contact lens
2381:
2358:
2338:
2329:growth habit
2321:
2304:
2299:
2280:
2265:
2252:
2248:mitochondria
2244:erythrocytes
2225:
2213:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2157:
2110:
2095:
2077:
2037:
2034:
2005:acetaldehyde
1993:formaldehyde
1986:
1960:, causing a
1943:
1931:
1887:
1871:sequence of
1866:
1835:
1810:
1785:
1747:is a common
1744:
1743:
1666:
1645:
1619:
1598:
1574:
1555:
1529:
1510:
1484:
1465:
1445:
1440:
1236:human ageing
1049:NADP binding
1044:heme binding
920:human kidney
904:right kidney
800:
793:
759:103,315,505
746:103,284,194
520:External IDs
459:
267:BRENDA entry
18:
6600:Durham tube
6432:Urease test
6241:and testing
5841:Active site
5617:1.11.1.1-14
5604:peroxidases
5345:Peroxisomal
4542:Johnson M.
3373:Catalase: H
2607:Aspergillus
2599:Pseudomonas
2580:which kill
2572:within the
2558:Neutrophils
2500:Aspergillus
2490:Pseudomonas
2452:Citrobacter
2317:antioxidant
2291:peroxidases
2253:Almost all
2236:peroxisomes
2166:called the
2125:spermatozoa
2058:acts as an
1997:formic acid
1950:amino acids
1946:active site
1792:amino acids
858:skin of hip
846:bone marrow
658:34,472,060
645:34,438,934
498:Identifiers
255:IntEnz view
215:Identifiers
120:OPM protein
38:Identifiers
6657:Categories
6576:Agar plate
6372:DNAse test
6272:Gram stain
6044:Isomerases
6018:Hydrolases
5885:Regulation
5725:Deiodinase
5424:Structure/
5285:2013-01-08
5266:2009-04-22
5251:2009-03-05
5228:2009-03-05
5213:2009-03-05
5198:2009-03-05
5188:MadSci FAQ
5184:"Catalase"
5175:2009-03-05
4743:2009-03-01
4718:2022-07-31
4580:2009-03-01
4558:2009-03-01
4528:2009-03-01
4483:2009-03-01
4454:2009-03-01
4424:2009-03-01
4414:"Catalase"
3394:2007-02-11
3087:2007-02-11
3061:2009-05-26
2946:2007-02-11
2905:2016-08-23
2895:"Catalase"
2780:, May 2017
2759:, May 2017
2736:References
2725:Peroxidase
2645:Acatalasia
2640:Acatalasia
2627:B. cepacia
2570:superoxide
2568:generates
2562:phagocytes
2560:and other
2480:Salmonella
2464:Klebsiella
2425:Micrococci
2295:exothermic
2264:, such as
2168:peroxisome
2160:eukaryotes
2144:DNA damage
2129:testicular
2106:acatalasia
1964:(hydrogen
1954:asparagine
1869:amino acid
1854:Oscar Loew
1120:peroxisome
804:(ortholog)
541:HomoloGene
515:, catalase
324:structures
291:KEGG entry
238:9001-05-2
159:structures
6688:Catalysis
6668:EC 1.11.1
6610:Incubator
6569:Equipment
6498:MALDI-TOF
6397:ONPG test
6357:CAMP test
6260:Hemolysis
6127:Isolation
5923:EC number
5747:1.11.1.15
5559:disorders
5553:see also
5349:lysosomal
5070:261383164
4776:0706.4406
4676:986222844
3780:: 12–20.
3697:: 48–56.
3455:Biometals
2677:with the
2652:Gray hair
2633:H. pylori
2590:granuloma
2574:phagosome
2388:disinfect
2373:oxidizing
2367:prior to
2259:anaerobic
2164:organelle
2140:wild-type
2080:metabolic
2060:activator
1978:oxidation
1807:Structure
1757:catalyzes
1669:NP_033934
1648:NP_001743
1622:NM_009804
1601:NM_001752
1431:Orthologs
549:GeneCards
244:Databases
81:PDOC00395
69:IPR011614
6474:RPR test
6382:KOH test
6342:ALA test
6312:Catalase
6299:Wet prep
6267:Staining
5947:Kinetics
5871:Cofactor
5834:Activity
5640:Catalase
5369:Catalase
5351:proteins
5111:14938361
5062:38221060
4944:14350192
4847:12777400
4803:16069417
4795:19237503
4712:NBC News
4643:27050287
4400:12029047
4313:Archived
4280:28076409
4240:PLOS ONE
4185:10449758
4126:22698962
4091:16735730
4036:33795198
4028:11351128
3993:38916410
3923:12949187
3853:38568666
3845:15879174
3794:27575890
3756:22365890
3721:27939935
3672:15178682
3590:19574057
3485:24748564
3277:36931581
3269:17831682
3226:17776781
3183:17751716
3128:10656833
2988:13193536
2872:14745498
2863:11138816
2776:–
2755:–
2709:See also
2675:interact
2623:Serratia
2603:Listeria
2595:Nocardia
2484:Serratia
2472:Yersinia
2468:Shigella
2442:Nocardia
2430:Listeria
2336:archaeon
2308:speratus
2238:and the
2183:nitrogen
2180:diatomic
2056:Arsenate
2009:alcohols
1952:Asn148 (
1890:reaction
1879:Function
1821:β-barrel
1817:subunits
1813:tetramer
1788:tetramer
1753:bacteria
1745:Catalase
1717:Wikidata
1410:Sources:
1145:lysosome
1095:membrane
395:proteins
383:articles
371:articles
328:RCSB PDB
226:1.11.1.6
210:Catalase
176:RCSB PDB
64:InterPro
46:Catalase
24:Catalase
6683:Enzymes
6647:Biology
6593:Gas-pak
6307:Oxidase
6147:Asepsis
6132:culture
6057:Ligases
5827:Enzymes
5426:Peroxin
5415:SLC27A2
5394:HSD17B4
5357:Enzymes
5308:PDBe-KB
5298:UniProt
5152:6727660
5042:Zootaxa
5023:2029780
4985:2451064
4572:Fox A.
4271:5226355
4248:Bibcode
4153:Bibcode
3958:9028626
3825:Bibcode
3817:Science
3802:2416413
3712:5513671
3631:8608252
3570:Bibcode
3547:6630165
3476:4113679
3436:6727660
3347:7328661
3312:4892021
3249:Bibcode
3241:Science
3206:Bibcode
3198:Science
3175:1625707
3155:Bibcode
3147:Science
3037:6727660
2880:4411482
2778:Ensembl
2757:Ensembl
2663:melanin
2658:graying
2615:E. coli
2611:Candida
2476:Proteus
2456:E. coli
2409:isolate
2377:textile
2302:termite
2240:cytosol
2148:8-oxodG
2098:obesity
2088:gaseous
2048:cyanide
2001:phenols
1832:History
1825:helical
1543:UniProt
1498:Ensembl
1437:Species
1416:QuickGO
1085:cytosol
779:pattern
505:Aliases
350:QuickGO
315:profile
298:MetaCyc
233:CAS no.
137:cd00328
76:PROSITE
57:PF00199
6633:Portal
6317:Indole
6031:Lyases
5479:PEX11G
5474:PEX11B
5469:PEX11A
5303:P04040
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5140:
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2509:, and
2369:cheese
2272:plants
2201:, and
2091:oxygen
2027:R → 2H
1974:Tyr358
1970:ligand
1962:proton
1873:bovine
1769:oxygen
1749:enzyme
1703:search
1701:PubMed
1576:P24270
1557:P04040
1453:Entrez
950:BioGPS
529:115500
378:PubMed
360:Search
346:AmiGO
334:PDBsum
274:ExPASy
262:BRENDA
250:IntEnz
221:EC no.
191:PDBsum
165:
155:
101:SUPFAM
43:Symbol
6546:Etest
6508:VITEK
6437:rapid
6377:IMViC
5983:Types
5610:1.11)
5542:LAMP3
5537:LAMP2
5532:LAMP1
5509:PEX26
5504:PEX19
5499:PEX16
5494:PEX14
5489:PEX13
5484:PEX12
5464:PEX10
5439:PXMP3
5399:AMACR
5066:S2CID
4799:S2CID
4771:arXiv
4316:(PDF)
4301:(PDF)
4218:(PDF)
4203:(PDF)
4176:22274
4032:S2CID
3989:S2CID
3849:S2CID
3798:S2CID
3609:Blood
3273:S2CID
3171:JSTOR
3011:121–6
2876:S2CID
2363:from
2276:fungi
2232:liver
2228:organ
2214:Like
2152:sperm
2150:) in
2117:aging
2031:O + R
1958:His75
1765:water
1486:12359
1446:Mouse
1441:Human
1412:Amigo
892:blood
842:liver
802:Mouse
795:Human
742:Start
677:Mouse
641:Start
637:11p13
574:Human
545:55514
537:88271
310:PRIAM
97:SCOPe
88:SCOP2
6130:and
6075:list
6068:EC7
6062:list
6055:EC6
6049:list
6042:EC5
6036:list
6029:EC4
6023:list
6016:EC3
6010:list
6003:EC2
5997:list
5990:EC1
5527:CD68
5519:LAMP
5459:PEX7
5454:PEX6
5449:PEX5
5444:PEX3
5434:PEX1
5347:and
5296:for
5148:PMID
5138:ISBN
5107:PMID
5058:PMID
5046:5339
5019:PMID
4981:PMID
4958:link
4940:PMID
4843:PMID
4791:PMID
4672:OCLC
4662:ISBN
4639:PMID
4602:ISBN
4396:PMID
4324:2017
4276:PMID
4181:PMID
4122:PMID
4087:PMID
4050:link
4024:PMID
3954:PMID
3919:PMID
3876:ISBN
3841:PMID
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3668:PMID
3627:PMID
3586:PMID
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3481:PMID
3432:PMID
3422:ISBN
3343:PMID
3308:PMID
3265:PMID
3222:PMID
3179:PMID
3124:PMID
3033:PMID
3023:ISBN
2984:PMID
2974:ISBN
2868:PMID
2683:and
2680:ABL2
2630:and
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2423:and
2365:milk
2209:host
2134:and
2132:germ
2007:and
1938:heme
1934:iron
1867:The
1860:and
1796:heme
1767:and
785:Bgee
733:Band
694:Chr.
632:Band
591:Chr.
525:OMIM
482:1QQW
478:1F4J
474:1DGH
470:1DGG
466:1DGF
462:1DGB
443:RCSB
440:PDBe
390:NCBI
331:PDBe
286:KEGG
184:PDBj
180:PDBe
163:ECOD
153:Pfam
125:3e4w
93:7cat
52:Pfam
6322:PYR
5660:GPX
5294:PDB
5130:doi
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4386:PMC
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4073:152
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3946:doi
3942:257
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3821:308
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3740:525
3707:PMC
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1972:of
1966:ion
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755:End
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557:OMA
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512:CAT
433:PDB
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