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station in the eastern deep of the basin which is visited on a monthly basis to collect hydrographic, nutrient and primary productivity measurements. A suite of other measurements, including a sediment trap mooring, microbiological studies and current measurements are also conducted at this site. The
365:
Because of its anoxia, the
Cariaco Basin has also a unique chemistry. Bacteria inhabit both the oxic and anoxic portions of the water column, with a maximum around the interface where oxygen disappears. This 'interface' oscillates between 200 and 300 meters. As such unique location, the Cariaco Basin
305:. It is a deep depression composed of two sub-basins, the eastern basin and the western basin, each of about 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) depth, separated by a saddle of approximately 900 metres (3,000 ft) water-depth. To the south, the basin confines with the wide (~50 km) Unare Platform.
308:
It is connected to the open
Caribbean Sea through two shallow (around 140 metres (460 ft)) channels, to the north the (Tortuga Channel) and to the west the (Centinela Channel). Water circulation inside the basin is restricted, which, combined with the high annual primary productivity of the
580:
Peterson, L.C., Haug, G.H., Murray, R.W., Yarincik, K.M., King, J.W., Bralower, T.J., Kameo, K., Rutherford, S.D. and Pearce, R.B. 2000b: Late
Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation at site 1002, Cariaco Basin (Venezuela). In Leckie, R.M., Sigurdsson, H., Acton, G.D. and Draper, G. (eds.):
590:
Peterson, L.C. & Haug, G.H. 2006: Variability in the mean latitude of the
Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone as recorded by riverine input of sediments to the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 234,
661:
González, C., Dupont, L. M., Mertens, K.N., Wefer, G. (2008). Reconstructing the history of marine productivity of the
Cariaco Basin during the Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 4 using organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. Paleoceanography 23, PA3215,
570:
Peterson, L. C., G.H. Haug (2006). Variability in the mean latitude of the
Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone as recorded by riverine input of sediments to the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
600:
Piper, D. & Dean, W.E. 2002: Trace-element deposition in the
Cariaco Basin under sulfate reducing conditions—a history of the local hydrography and global climate, 20 ka to the present. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1670, 41
651:
González, C., Dupont, L.M., Behling, H. & Wefer, G. 2008a: Neotropical vegetation response to rapid climate changes during the last glacial period: palynological evidence from the
Cariaco Basin. Quaternary Research 69,
823:
642:& Murray, D.W. 1997: Late Quaternary climate change from δ18O records of multiple species of planktonic foraminifera: high-resolution records from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Paleoceanography 12, 415-427.
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Herbert, T.D. & Schuffert, J.D. 2000: Alkenone unsaturation estimates of sea-surface temperatures at site 1002 over a full glacial cycle. Proceedings of the Ocean
Drilling Program, Scientific Results 165,
940:
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work that has resulted from the CARIACO ocean time series program has demonstrated that this anoxic basin is quite dynamic and has helped understand the paleoclimatic record stored in the basin's sediments.
689:
Mertens, K.N., Lynn, M., Aycard, M., Lin, H.-L. & Louwye, S. (2009). Coccolithophores as paleoecological indicators for shift of the ITCZ in the
Cariaco Basin. Journal of Quaternary Science 24 (2),
679:
Mertens, K. N., González, C., Delusina, I. & Louwye, S. (2009). 30000 years of productivity and salinity variations in the late Quaternary Cariaco Basin revealed by dinoflagellate cysts. Boreas 38,
552:
Special Issue: Views of Ocean Processes from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Mission: Volume 2 - Edited by D. A. Siegel, A. C. Thomas and J. Marra. Vol 51/10-11 pp 927–943.
620:
Lea, D.W., Pak, D.K., Peterson, L.C. & Hughen, K.A. 2003: Synchroneity of Tropical and High-Latitude Atlantic temperatures over the Last Glacial Termination. Science 301, 1361-1364.
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Peterson, L.C., Overpeck, J.T., Kipp, N.G. and Imbrie, J. 1991: A high–resolution late Quaternary upwelling record from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Paleoceanography 6, 99–119.
561:
Haug, G. H., K. A. Hughen, D. M. Sigman, L. C. Peterson and U. Rohl (2001). Southward Migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone Through the Holocene. Science, 293: 1304-1308
436:, and cause events of high primary production that support a very high biomass of plankton, fish, and marine birds and mammals. The seasonal productivity drives the abundance of
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Tedesco, K. and Thunell, R., (2003) Seasonal and interannual variations in planktonic foraminiferal flux and assemblage composition in the Cariaco Basin,
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1016:
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Abundance, distribution and behaviour of common dolphins, Delphinus spp., off north-eastern Venezuela: implications for conservation and management
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333:(ITCZ) and has been the subject of extensive paleoclimatological research, amongst other sedimentological studies, geochemical studies, with
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Ecology of Neritic Odontocete Cetaceans in an Upwelling Ecosystem in the Northeast Coast of Venezuela: Delphinus Spp, Sotalia guianensis
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860:
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Acoustic and Visual Survey of Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Distribution in the Eastern and Southeastern Caribbean Sea
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Swartz L. S.. Cole T.. McDonald A.M.. Hildebrand A. J.. Oleson M. E.. MartĂnez A.. Clapham J.P.. Barlow J.. Jones L. M.. 2003.
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Chemoautotrophy in the redox transition zone of the Cariaco Basin: A significant source of mid-water organic carbon production.
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Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific results 165, 85–99, College station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).
325:
of alternating light and dark color, which correspond to the dry or rainy season. Its unique geography and undisturbed
537:
Annual Cycle of Primary Production in the Cariaco Basin: Response to upwelling and implications for vertical export.
289:; on the west by Cape Codera and the rocks known as FarallĂłn Centinela; and on the south by the coast of Venezuela.
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Taylor, G. T., M. I. Scranton, M. Iabichella, T.-Y. Ho, R. C. Thunell, R. Varela, and F. E. Muller-Karger. 2001
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72:
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Oviedo L. Esteves A. M.. Acevedo R.. Silva N.. Bolan~os-jime’nez J. Quevedo M. A.. Ferna’ndez M.. 2009.
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provides an excellent history of tropical climate change and is particularly sensitive to shifts in the
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The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0: Descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups
535:, M. Scranton, R. Bohrer, G. Taylor, J. Capelo, Y. Astor, E. Tappa, T. Y. Ho, and J. J. Walsh. (2001).
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Schubert, C. (1982). Origin of the Cariaco Basin, Southern Caribbean Sea. Mar. Geol., 47: 345-360.
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Processes of Coastal Upwelling and Carbon Flux in the Cariaco Basin. Deep-Sea Research Part II.
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has been the site of a variety of studies since the mid-1950s. Since 1995, an international (
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Organic carbon flux in an anoxic water column: sediment trap results from the Cariaco Basin.
8:
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Thunell, R., R. Varela, M. Llano, J. Collister, F. Muller-Karger, and R. Bohrer. (2000).
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Watermeyer, KE; Gregr, EJ; Rykaczewski, RR; Shannon, LJ; Suthers, IM; Keith, DA (2020).
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Muller-Karger, F. E., R. Varela, R. Thunell, Y. Astor, H. Zhang, and C. Hu. (2004).
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826:(pdf). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.
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Killer whale (Orcinus orca) occurrence in Venezuelan waters, 1982-2008
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883:(pdf). Caribbean Journal of Science. Vol. 39. No.2. pp.195–208. The
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908:. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals (LAJAM). 7(1-2).
718:"Radionuclide fluxes and particle scavenging in Cariaco Basin"
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region (~500 gCmyr), causes the basin to be permanently
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located on the continental shelf off the eastern coast of
374:) program has expanded the research in the basin. The
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en el golfo de cariaco ballena en el golfo de cariaco
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Limnology and Oceanography. Vol. 46, no. 1. 148-163.
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184:, Cape Codera, FarallĂłn Centinela, Venezuelan coast
444:. The waters are also home to several species of
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896:Bolaños-Jiménez J.. Fertl D.. Iñiguez M.. 2009.
313:, below ~250 m. This naturally occurring
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317:allows for sediments to be deposited without
754:Venezuela. Journal of Foraminiferal Research
638:Lin, H.-L., Peterson, L.C., Overpeck, J.T.,
432:changes are linked to the intensity of the
297:The Cariaco Basin is an east-west trending
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743:Limnology and Oceanography. 45. 300-308.
51:Location of the basin offshore Venezuela
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259:lies off the north central coast of
539:J. Geophys. Res. 106:C3. 4527-4542.
428:. The seasonal upwelling cycle and
424:The Cariaco Basin is an example of
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774:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
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780:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2020.13.en
728:Continental Shelf Research
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832:10.1017/S002531540999097X
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430:sea surface temperature
768:"M1.9 Upwelling zones"
723:July 11, 2006, at the
668:10.1029/2008PA001602
969:Barinas-Apure Basin
91: /
906:10.5597/lajam00138
879:2012-09-04 at the
849:Rufford Foundation
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407:2013-12-06 at the
281:; on the north by
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448:(such as
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368:Venezuela
351:dinocysts
335:alkenones
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261:Venezuela
232:Caribbean
189:Hydrology
143:Venezuela
111:Etymology
1038:Category
877:Archived
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680:647-662.
652:217-230.
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454:humpback
450:rorquals
442:dolphins
438:sardines
405:Archived
285:and the
248:Holocene
157:Offshore
121:Location
998:Onshore
962:Onshore
611:239-247
591:97-113.
500:Cariaco
456:), and
420:Ecology
397:olored
376:CARIACO
275:Cubagua
209:Geology
170:Cubagua
131:Country
86:65°10′W
83:10°30′N
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446:whales
401:cean;
323:varves
311:anoxic
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458:orcas
382:rbon
339:Mg/Ca
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