Goat - Knowledge

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faced with a challenge that had previously been mastered, but was then modified. Specifically, when presented with a box, the goat was able to remove the lid and retrieve a treat inside, but when the box was turned so the lid could not be removed, the goat would turn and gaze at the person and move toward them, before looking back toward the box. This is the same type of complex communication observed by animals bred as domestic pets, such as dogs. Researchers believe that better understanding of human-goat interaction could offer overall improvement in the animals' welfare. The field of anthrozoology has established that domesticated animals have the capacity for complex communication with humans when in 2015 a Japanese scientist determined that levels of oxytocin did increase in human subjects when dogs were exposed to a dose of the "love hormone", proving that a human-animal bond does exist. This is the same affinity that was proven with the London study above; goats are intelligent, capable of complex communication, and able to form bonds.

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perennial crop systems, with cattle, and in arid areas, under pastoral (nomadic) herding systems. In all four systems, however, goats were typically kept in extensive systems, with few purchased inputs. Household goats are traditionally kept in Nigeria. While many goats are allowed to wander the homestead or village, others are kept penned and fed in what is called a 'cut-and-carry' system. This type of husbandry is also used in parts of Latin America. Cut-and-carry, which refers to the practice of cutting down grasses, corn or cane for feed rather than allowing the animal access to the field, is particularly suited for types of feed, such as corn or cane, that are easily destroyed by trampling.

1039: 1779: 650: 3075: 1214: 493: 2739: 930: 1066: 2857: 2524: 1588: 1553: 950: 188: 1108: 1297:, increased protein diets (10 to 14%) and sufficient calories during the prepuberty period yield higher growth rates and larger eventual size than lower protein rates and limited calories. Large-framed goats, with a greater skeletal size, reach mature weight at a later age (36 to 42 months) than small-framed goats (18 to 24 months) if both are fed to their full potential. Large-framed goats need more calories than small-framed goats for maintenance of daily functions. 2621: 841: 3131: 11177: 1155:. On average, a good quality dairy doe will give at least 3 kg (6 lb) of milk per day while she is in milk. A first-time milker may produce less, or as much as 7 kg (16 lb), or more of milk in exceptional cases. After the lactation, the doe will "dry off", typically after she has been bred. Occasionally, goats that have not been bred and are continuously milked will continue lactation beyond the typical 305 days. Meat, fiber, and 3190: 2779:. At night when he sets up camp, Thor eats the meat of the goats, but takes care that all bones remain whole. Then he wraps the remains up, and in the morning, the goats always come back to life to pull the chariot. When a farmer's son who is invited to share the meal breaks one of the goats' leg bones to suck the marrow, the animal's leg remains broken in the morning, and the boy is forced to serve Thor as a servant to compensate for the damage. 833: 743: 2664:(ADGA) scorecard for an adult doe includes a point system of a hundred total with major categories that include general appearance, the dairy character of a doe (physical traits that aid and increase milk production), body capacity, and specifically for the mammary system. Young stock and bucks are judged by different scorecards which place more emphasis on the other three categories; general appearance, body capacity, and dairy character. 1178: 2686: 2560: 1380: 986: 901: 1433: 1361: 2983: 661: 145: 2374: 485: 1544:(FAO), the top producers of goat milk in 2008 were India (4 million metric tons), Bangladesh (2.16 million metric tons), and the Sudan (1.47 million metric tons). India slaughters 41% of 124.4 million goats each year. The 0.6 million metric tonnes of goat meat make up 8% of India's annual meat production. Approximately 440 million goats are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide. 10765: 1645: 1874:

cultural beliefs as well as exposure to false online information. Anecdotal reports have described a host of morbidities associated with that practice, including severe electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia, allergic reactions including life-threatening anaphylactic shock, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and infections." Untreated caprine

1279:, which is a life-threatening disease often caused by the ingestion of moldy hay. In various places in China, goats are used in the production of tea. Goats are released onto the tea terraces, where they avoid consuming the green tea leaves (which contain bitter-tasting substances) and instead eat the weeds. The goats' droppings fertilise the tea plants. 2649:

general, are usually higher-priced if for no other reason than that records have been kept proving their ancestry and the production and other data of their sires, dams, and other ancestors. A registered doe is usually less of a gamble than buying a doe at random (as at an auction or sale barn) because of these records and the reputation of the breeder.

3226:, and other vegetation required by a wide range of other creatures, not just other grazing or browsing animals. Feral goats are extremely common in Australia, with an estimated 2.6 million in the mid-1990s. However, in other circumstances where predator pressure is maintained, they may be accommodated into some balance in the local food web. 904: 1583:

In some parts of the world, especially Europe and North America, distinct breeds of goats are kept for dairy (milk) and for meat production. Excess male kids of dairy breeds are typically slaughtered for meat. Both does and bucks of meat breeds may be slaughtered for meat, as well as older animals of

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Husbandry, or animal care and use, varies by region and culture. The particular housing used for goats depends not only on the intended use of the goat, but also on the region of the world where they are raised. Historically, domestic goats were generally kept in herds that wandered on hills or other

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symbols and traditions. Yule Goat originally denoted the goat that was slaughtered around Yule, but it may also indicate a goat figure made out of straw. It is also used about the custom of going door-to-door singing carols and getting food and drinks in return, often fruit, cakes and sweets. "Going

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Dairy goats are generally pastured in summer and may be stabled during the winter. As dairy does are milked daily, they are generally kept close to the milking shed. Their grazing is typically supplemented with hay and concentrates. Stabled goats may be kept in stalls similar to horses, or in larger

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Freshening (coming into milk production) usually occurs at kidding, although milk production is also relatively common in unbred doelings of dairy breeds. Milk production varies with the breed, age, quality, and diet of the doe; dairy goats generally produce between 680 and 1,810 kg (1,500 and

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Almost all wild animals and most domestic ones eat the afterbirth as soon as they can. The primary reason, I think, is to get rid of it so that it will not attract predators. . .Canine scavengers throughout the world are attracted to herd animals when they give birth, for the placental sacs provide

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and much of Asia, goats are kept largely for milk production, both in commercial and household settings. The goats in this area may be kept closely housed or may be allowed to range for fodder. The Salem Black goat is herded to pasture in fields and along roads during the day, but is kept penned at

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The American Goat Society (AGS) has a similar, but not identical scorecard that is used in their shows. The miniature dairy goats may be judged by either of the two scorecards. The "Angora Goat scorecard" used by the Colored Angora Goat Breeder's Association (CAGBA), which covers the white and the

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also allow goats to be shown. Children's shows often include a showmanship class, where the cleanliness and presentation of both the animal and the exhibitor as well as the handler's ability and skill in handling the goat are scored. In a showmanship class, conformation is irrelevant since this is

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Goats have been used by humans to clear unwanted vegetation for centuries. They have been described as "eating machines" and "biological control agents". There has been a resurgence of this in North America since 1990, when herds were used to clear dry brush from California hillsides thought to be

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The department of health in the United Kingdom has repeatedly released statements stating on various occasions that "Goats' milk is not suitable for babies, and infant formulas and follow-on formulas based on goats' milk protein have not been approved for use in Europe", and "infant milks based on

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reports that goats try to communicate with people in the same manner as domesticated animals such as dogs and horses. Goats were first domesticated as livestock more than 10,000 years ago. Research conducted to test communication skills found that the goats will look to a human for assistance when

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quality, evidence of high production, longevity, build and muscling (meat goats and pet goats) and fiber production and the fiber itself (fiber goats). People who show their goats usually keep registered stock and the offspring of award-winning animals command a higher price. Registered goats, in

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to regularly climb trees. Due to their agility and inquisitiveness, they are notorious for escaping their pens by testing fences and enclosures, either intentionally or simply because they are used to climbing. If any of the fencing can be overcome, goats will almost inevitably escape. Goats have

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Each recognized breed of goat has specific weight ranges, which vary from more than 140 kg (300 lb) for bucks of larger breeds such as the Boer, to 20 to 27 kg (45 to 60 lb) for smaller goat does. Within each breed, different strains or bloodlines may have different recognized

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Aside from sampling many things, goats are quite particular in what they actually consume, preferring to browse on the tips of woody shrubs and trees, as well as the occasional broad-leaved plant. However, it can fairly be said that their plant diet is extremely varied, and includes some species

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discourages feeding infants milk derived from goats. An April 2010 case report summarizes their recommendation and presents "a comprehensive review of the consequences associated with this dangerous practice", also stating, "Many infants are exclusively fed unmodified goat's milk as a result of

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In Africa and the Mideast, goats are typically run in flocks with sheep. This maximizes the production per acre, as goats and sheep prefer different food plants. Multiple types of goat-raising are found in Ethiopia, where four main types have been identified: pastured in annual crop systems, in

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When handled as a group, goats tend to display less herding behavior than sheep. When grazing undisturbed, they tend to spread across the field or range, rather than feed side by side as do sheep. When nursing young, goats will leave their kids separated ("lying out") rather than clumped, as do

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In Matthew 25:31–46, Jesus said that like a shepherd he will separate the nations placing on his right hand the sheep, those who have shown kindness to needy and suffering disciples of Jesus and others. These he will reward, but the goats at his left hand, who failed to show kindness, will be

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Life expectancy for goats is between 15 and 18 years. An instance of a goat reaching the age of 24 has been reported. Several factors can reduce this average expectancy; problems during kidding can lower a doe's expected life span to 10 or 11, and stresses of going into rut can lower a buck's

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Meat goats are more frequently pastured year-round, and may be kept many miles from barns. Angora and other fiber breeds are also kept on pasture or range. Range-kept and pastured goats may be supplemented with hay or concentrates, most frequently during the winter or dry seasons.

1316:, foot rot, internal parasites, pregnancy toxicosis, and feed toxicity. Feed toxicity can vary based on breed and location. Certain foreign fruits and vegetables can be toxic to different breeds of goats. Goats can become infected with various viral and bacterial diseases, such as 3217:

and in many other places. When feral goats reach large populations in habitats that provide unlimited water supply and do not contain sufficient large predators or are otherwise vulnerable to goats' aggressive grazing habits, they may have serious effects, such as removing native

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kids. Birthing, known as kidding, generally occurs uneventfully. Just before kidding, the doe will have a sunken area around the tail and hip, as well as heavy breathing. She may have a worried look, become restless and display great affection for her keeper. The mother often

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in the fall as with the does' heat cycles. Bucks of equatorial breeds may show seasonal reduced fertility, but as with the does, are capable of breeding at all times. Rut is characterized by a decrease in appetite and obsessive interest in the does. A buck in rut will display

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Goats reach puberty between three and 15 months of age, depending on breed and nutritional status. Many breeders prefer to postpone breeding until the doe has reached 70% of the adult weight, but this separation is rarely possible in extensively managed, open-range herds.

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Naderi, Saeid; Rezaei, Hamid-Reza; Pompanon, François; Blum, Michael G. B.; Negrini, Riccardo; Naghash, Hamid-Reza; Balkiz, Özge; Mashkour, Marjan; Gaggiotti, Oscar E.; Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo; Kence, Aykut; Vigne, Jean-Denis; Taberlet, Pierre (November 18, 2008).

2437:, "fine wool"). In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Kashmir (then called Cashmere by the British), had a thriving industry producing shawls from goat-hair imported from Tibet and Tartary through Ladakh. The shawls were introduced into Western Europe when 4298: 1062:(heat) every 21 days for two to 48 hours. A doe in heat typically flags (vigorously wags) her tail often, stays near the buck if one is present, becomes more vocal, and may also show a decrease in appetite and milk production for the duration of the heat. 1197:

like cattle and sheep, and (coupled with their highly curious nature) will chew on and taste just about anything remotely resembling plant matter to decide whether it is good to eat, including cardboard, clothing and paper (such as labels from tin cans).

1290:, the milk having bypassed the rumen via closure of the reticuloesophageal groove during suckling. At birth, the rumen is undeveloped, but as the kid begins to consume solid feed, the rumen soon increases in size and in its capacity to absorb nutrients. 3109:, the festival of the Day of Atonement, two goats were chosen and lots were drawn for them. One was sacrificed and the other allowed to escape into the wilderness, symbolically carrying with it the sins of the community. From this comes the word " 1963:

Some researchers and companies producing goat's milk products have made claims that goat's milk is better for human health than most Western cow's milk due to it mostly lacking a form of β-casein proteins called A1, and instead mostly containing

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Pet goats may be found in many parts of the world when a family keeps one or more animals for emotional reasons rather than as production animals. It is becoming more common for goats to be kept exclusively as pets in North America and Europe.

6007: 1936:, possibly important in nutrition for nursing infants, are much higher in does' milk than in cows' milk. A 1970 book on animal breeding claimed that does' milk differs from cows' or humans' milk by having higher digestibility, distinct 3025:). The men dressed as Nuuttipukki wandered from house to house, came in, and typically demanded food from the household and especially leftover alcoholic beverages. In Finland the Nuuttipukki tradition is still kept alive in areas of 2510:

used in medical training are quite efficient in simulating the behavior of a human body, trainees feel that "the goat exercise provide a sense of urgency that only real life trauma can provide". The practice has elicited outcry from

372: 5137: 1800:. Indeed, if the milk is to be used to make cheese, homogenization is not recommended, as this changes the structure of the milk, affecting the culture's ability to coagulate the milk and the final quality and yield of cheese. 1803:

Dairy goats in their prime (generally around the third or fourth lactation cycle) average—2.7 to 3.6 kg (6 to 8 lb)—of milk production daily—roughly 2.8 to 3.8 L (3 to 4 U.S. qt)—during a ten-month

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Goats readily revert to the wild (become feral) if given the opportunity. The only domestic animal known to return to feral life as swiftly is the cat. Feral goats have established themselves in many areas: they occur in

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is said to have the upper body of a man and the horns and lower body of a goat. Pan was a very lustful god, nearly all of the myths involving him had to do with him chasing nymphs. He is also credited with creating the

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While goats are generally considered hardy animals and in many situations receive little medical care, they are subject to a number of diseases. Among the conditions affecting goats are respiratory diseases including

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group pens. In the US system, does are generally rebred annually. In some European commercial dairy systems, the does are bred only twice, and are milked continuously for several years after the second kidding.

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punished. Although both sheep and goats were valued as livestock, this preference for sheep may relate to the importance of wool and the superior meat of adult sheep compared to the poor meat of adult goats.

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Sumberg, J.E., "Small ruminant feed production in a farming systems context" Proceedings of the Workshop on Small Ruminant Production Systems in the Humid Zone of West Africa, 1984; Sumber, J. E., ed, 1984

2419:, which is one of the most expensive natural fibers commercially produced; cashmere is very fine and soft. The cashmere goat fiber is harvested once a year, yielding around 260 g (9 oz) of down. 1584:

any breed. The meat of older bucks (more than one year old) is generally considered not desirable for meat for human consumption. Castration at a young age prevents the development of typical buck odor.

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and meat, as well as to their dung, which was used as fuel; and their bones, hair, and sinew were used for clothing, building, and tools. The earliest remnants of domesticated goats dating 10,000 years

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Goat breeds fall into overlapping, general categories. They are generally distributed in those used for dairy, fiber, meat, skins, and as companion animals. Some breeds are also particularly noted as

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discovered, among others, the tomb of some king or great noble which included a throne decorated with bronze goat heads. That led to this tomb becoming known as "The Tomb of the Lord of the Goats".

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Goat milk naturally has small, well-emulsified fat globules, which means the cream remains suspended in the milk, instead of rising to the top, as in raw cow milk; therefore, it does not need to be

1089:. Sebaceous scent glands at the base of the horns add to the male goat's odor, which is important to make him attractive to the female. Some does will not mate with a buck which has been descented. 1929:, most of the dangers of, and counter-indications for, feeding unmodified goat's milk to infants parallel those associated with unmodified cow's milk — especially insofar as allergic reactions go. 794:

are usually pale, their contrasting pupils are much more noticeable than in animals such as cattle, deer, most horses, and many sheep, whose similarly horizontal pupils blend into a dark iris and

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is the former, and it goes by several names (down, cashmere and pashmina). The coarse guard hairs are of little value as they are too coarse, difficult to spin and difficult to dye. The

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Taylor, R.E. and Field, T.G., "Growth and Development" Scientific Farm Animal Production: An Introduction to Animal Science, 6th Ed. Prentice-Hall (1999) Upper Saddle River pg 321–324.

774:, and are used for defense, dominance, territoriality, and thermoregulation. Both male and female goats may have beards, and many types of goat (most commonly dairy goats, dairy-cross 2668:

colored goats, includes evaluation of an animal's fleece color, density, uniformity, fineness, and general body confirmation. Disqualifications include: a deformed mouth, broken down

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and usually prefer the company of other goats, but because of their herd mentality, they will follow their owner and form close bonds with them, hence their continuing popularity.

2506:. In the United States, goats have become the main animal species used for this purpose after the Pentagon phased out using dogs for medical training in the 1980s. While modern 2388:. The entire body of the goat is covered with mohair and there are no guard hairs. The locks constantly grow to four inches or more in length. Angora crossbreeds, such as the 5232: 3097:

and a kid was slaughtered for an honored guest. It was also acceptable for some kinds of sacrifices. Goat-hair curtains were used in the tent that contained the tabernacle (

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Schröder, Oskar; Wagner, Mayke; Wutke, Saskia; Zhang, Yong; Ma, Yingxia; Xu, Dongliang; Goslar, Tomasz; Neef, Reinder; Tarasov, Pavel E; Ludwig, Arne (October 2016).

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goats (having as many as eight horns), although this is a genetic rarity thought to be inherited. Unlike cattle, goats have not been successfully bred to be reliably

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However, some farming groups promote the practice. For example, Small Farm Today, in 2005, claimed beneficial use in invalid and convalescent diets, proposing that

1732:. Due to its low fat content, the meat can toughen at high temperatures if cooked without additional moisture. One of the most popular goats grown for meat is the 3093:. Their importance in ancient Israel is indicated by the seven different Hebrew and three Greek terms used in the Bible. A goat is considered a "clean" animal by 739:

sizes. At the bottom of the size range are miniature breeds such as the African Pygmy, which stand 41 to 58 cm (16 to 23 in) at the shoulder as adults.

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Nawroth, Christian; Brett, Jemma; McElligott, Alan (July 5, 2016), "Goats display audience-dependent human-directed gazing behaviour in a problem-solving task",

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Nawroth, Christian; Brett, Jemma; McElligott, Alan (July 5, 2016), "Goats display audience-dependent human-directed gazing behaviour in a problem-solving task",

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of goat. It is one of the oldest domesticated species of animal - according to archaeological evidence its earliest domestication occurred in Iran at 10,000

6071: 5552: 4005: 4189: 5159: 762:, as the genes determining sex and those determining horns are closely linked. Breeding together two genetically polled goats results in a high number of 1058:

at any time of the year. Successful breeding in these regions depends more on available forage than on day length. Does of any breed or region come into

2672:, deformed feet, crooked legs, abnormalities of testicles, missing testicles, more than 3 inch split in scrotum, and close-set or distorted horns. 1249:(fermented corn stalks) and haylage (fermented grass hay) can be used if consumed immediately after opening – goats are particularly sensitive to 921:

Goats are naturally curious. They are also agile and well known for their ability to climb and balance in precarious places. This makes them the only

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The adult size of a particular goat is a product of its breed (genetic potential) and its diet while growing (nutritional potential). As with all

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Goats are among the earliest animals domesticated by humans. The most recent genetic analysis confirms the archaeological evidence that the wild

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Jung, Tae-Hwan; Hwang, Hyo-Jeong; Yun, Sung-Seob; Lee, Won-Jae; Kim, Jin-Wook; Ahn, Ji-Yun; Jeon, Woo-Min; Han, Kyoung-Sik (December 31, 2017).

5302: 4709: 4113: 1808:, producing more just after freshening and gradually dropping in production toward the end of their lactation. The milk generally averages 3.5% 4076:

Vacca, G. M.; Pazzola, M.; Pisano, C.; Carcangiu, V.; Diaz, M. L.; Nieddu, M.; Robledo, R.; Mezzanotte, R.; Dettori, M. L. (October 1, 2011).

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goats' milk protein are not suitable as a source of nutrition for infants." Moreover, according to the Canadian federal health department

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which control how much tan pigment is actually expressed, so a tan-patterned goat can have a coat ranging from pure white to deep red.

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Devendra, C., and M. Burns. 1970. Goat production in the tropics. Commonwealth Bur. Anim. Breeding and Genetics, Tech. Commun. No. 19.

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feed or pelleted grain mix, and loose minerals. Goats generally either inherit certain feeding preferences or learn them after birth.

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Thiruvenkadan, A.K, Characterisation of Salem Black goats in their home tract, Animal Genetic Resources Information, No. 38, 2006

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Studies of DNA evidence suggests 10,000 years ago as the domestication date. Historically, goat hide has been used for water and

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As a goat's anatomy and physiology is not too dissimilar from that of humans, some countries' militaries use goats to train

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to perform similar tasks. This may be expensive and their smell may be a nuisance. This practice has become popular in the

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is the symbol used for Satanism, sometimes depicted with the goat's head of Baphomet within it, which originated from the

5812: 4904: 4873: 4348: 4136: 3042: 5704: 5441: 2486:, where they are used to remove invasive species not easily removed by humans, including (thorned) blackberry vines and 2461: 11315: 4013: 3574: 2442: 6164: 5666:"Options for Clearing Land: Pasture Establishment for Horses – Publications and Educational Resources – Virginia Tech" 4459: 3623:"The goat domestication process inferred from large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of wild and domestic individuals" 2531:

Some people choose goats as a pet because of their ability to form close bonds with their human guardians. Goats are

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The digestive physiology of a very young kid (like the young of other ruminants) is essentially the same as that of a

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sheep. They will generally turn and face an intruder and bucks are more likely to charge or butt at humans than are

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commences as the day length shortens, and ends in early spring or before. In equatorial regions, goats are able to

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individuals among the offspring, which are typically sterile. Their horns are made of living bone surrounded by

6109: 5230: 5221: 3736:"Ancient DNA identification of domestic animals used for leather objects in Central Asia during the Bronze Age" 2707: 2585: 1870: 1688:, depending on the age and condition of the goat. Its flavor is said to be primarily linked to the presence of 1401: 1321: 1086: 1007: 2776: 1948:

or cow milk in diets of those who are allergic to certain mammals' milk. However, like cow milk, doe milk has

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is depicted, like Baphomet, as a goat, therefore the goat and goat's head is a significant symbol throughout

5966:"The Eighteenth Century BC Princes of Byblos and Ebla and the Chronology of the Middle Bronze Age", p. 161 ( 4840: 11305: 7372: 4854:

Sheep and goat production and marketing systems in Ethiopia: Characteristics and strategies for improvement

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Taylor, Charles R. (1966). "The Vascularity and Possible Thermoregulatory Function of the Horns in Goats".

1077: 565: 17: 5924:. Advanced research on nutrition of sheep and goats, with special reference to pasture and rangeland use. 4530: 2396:, have been created to produce mohair and/or cashgora on a smaller, easier-to-manage animal. The wool is 644: 42: 5101: 2538:

Goats are similar to deer with regard to nutrition and need a wide range of food, including things like

6652: 6224: 5574: 5547: 4976:"Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Emulsion Goat Meat Sausages Containing Pork Fat or Shortening" 1797: 1143:, which gives her much-needed nutrients, helps stanch her bleeding, and parallels the behavior of wild 6184: 5917: 4763:"Effects of citric acid, cucumis powder and pressure cooking on quality attributes of goat meat curry" 4315:

Feichtenberger, Klaus, Jill Clarke, Elyse Eisenberg, and Otmar Penker (Writers and Directors) (2008).

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milker in show clip. This doe is angular and dairy with a capacious and well supported mammary system.

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Goats produce about 2% of the world's total annual milk supply. Some goats are bred specifically for

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Udder development and even milk production are relatively common in unbred doelings of dairy breeds.

3603: 3037:. However, nowadays the character is usually played by children and now involves a happy encounter. 1202:

which are otherwise toxic. They will seldom consume soiled food or contaminated water unless facing

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Park, W.Y., G.F.W. Haenlein.ed. 2006. Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals. Blackwell Publishing.

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Professor Martin Marshall – Deputy Chief Medical Officer – Department of Health (August 22, 2006).

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IPMS (Improving Productivity and Market Success) of Ethiopian Farmers Project, Working Paper No. 23

3805: 2570: 2478:. Since then, numerous public and private agencies have hired private herds from companies such as 1463:

A goat is useful to humans when it is living and when it is dead, first as a renewable provider of

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consisting of two teats, in contrast to cattle, which have four teats. An exception to this is the

5344: 5031: 4657: 2949:, a probably mythological "Satanic mass", involved Satan manifesting as a black goat for worship. 2878:

Several mythological hybrid creatures are believed to consist of parts of the goat, including the

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Various "Dairy Goat Scorecards" (milking does) are systems used for judging shows in the US. The

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endangered by potential wildfires. This form of using goats to clear land is sometimes known as

1680:" is used to describe both goat and sheep meat. However, some compare the taste of goat meat to 11290: 11235: 11197: 11118: 11082: 7116: 6822: 6741: 6043: 6036: 5790:"Military is required to justify using animals in medic training after pressure from activists" 4420: 2910: 2512: 1317: 1038: 3263: 1882:, doe milk is not recommended for human infants because it contains "inadequate quantities of 1793:. If the strong-smelling buck is not separated from the does, his scent will affect the milk. 10266: 9296: 7521: 6750: 6634: 6217: 4450:

Kumar, Davendra; S. Saha; O.H. Chaturvedi; Sushil Kumar; J.S. Mann; J.P. Mittal; V.K. Singh.

3590: 3240: 3156: 3034: 2703: 2581: 1838: 1397: 1325: 1186: 1003: 302: 35: 4078:"Chromosomal localisation and genetic variation of the SLC11A1 gene in goats (Capra hircus)" 3290:"The Initial Domestication of Goats (Capra hircus) in the Zagros Mountains 10,000 Years Ago" 3289: 1778: 1210:, since stall-fed goat-rearing involves extensive upkeep and is seldom commercially viable. 11257: 11021: 10660: 10573: 10339: 10330: 10275: 9900: 9864: 9837: 9245: 9236: 8681: 8672: 7038: 6897: 6840: 6786: 4953: 3747: 3735: 3634: 3301: 2864: 2475: 1190: 1070: 865: 726:

bottles in both traveling and transporting wine for sale. It has also been used to produce

8: 10974: 10519: 10221: 10212: 9960: 9828: 9801: 9737: 9398: 9278: 9227: 6906: 6813: 6404: 2879: 2849:. Each animal is associated with certain personality traits; those born in a year of the 2641: 1957: 1846: 1639: 1612: 1523: 1194: 934: 810: 649: 165: 5886: 5605: 4957: 3751: 3638: 3305: 11310: 11009: 10906: 10606: 10597: 9969: 9909: 9891: 9873: 9819: 9792: 9783: 9407: 9389: 9323: 9016: 8742: 8219: 8210: 7929: 7363: 6831: 6643: 6625: 6504: 5864: 5514: 5417: 5385:"Hypoallergenic and Physicochemical Properties of the A2 β-Casein Fractionof Goat Milk" 5384: 5129: 4787: 4762: 4232: 4037:"An Improved Characterization of Goat Chromosomes by Means of G- and R-band Comparison" 3931: 3894: 3657: 3622: 3443: 3380: 3172: 2786:

Glazed brick depicting a wild goat, from Nimrud, Iraq, 9th–7th century BCE. Iraq Museum

2507: 1941: 1903: 1441: 763: 544: 540: 330: 182: 5933: 5635: 4942:"The contribution of 4-methyloctanoic (hircinoic) acid to mutton and goat meat flavor" 3983: 3461: 469:

In 2011, there were more than 924 million goats living in the world, according to the

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Amrein-Boyes, D. (2009). 200 Easy Homemade Cheese Recipes. Robert Rose Inc.: Toronto

3898: 3356: 1213: 821:. As with other mammal ruminants, they are even-toed ungulates. The females have an 11140: 10866: 10633: 10387: 10378: 10257: 10098: 10089: 9882: 9554: 9545: 9493: 9484: 9332: 9305: 9218: 8998: 8606: 8032: 8023: 8013: 7986: 7707: 7576: 6777: 6768: 6759: 6541: 6532: 6468: 6395: 6386: 5929: 5859: 5851: 5412: 5396: 5113: 5078: 4966: 4961: 4941: 4865: 4782: 4774: 4227: 4219: 4089: 4048: 3882: 3878: 3755: 3652: 3642: 3427: 3309: 3145: 3047: 2868: 2846: 2431: 2408: 1914: 869: 783: 759: 754:, of various shapes and sizes depending on the breed. There have been incidents of 673: 492: 5673: 3313: 11087: 10844: 10834: 10799: 10789: 10737: 10363: 10354: 10302: 10293: 10074: 8931: 8922: 8399: 7995: 7047: 6957: 6795: 6607: 6486: 6459: 6450: 6134: 5996:. Translated by Bates, R.; Bilardello, M.; Weston, A. (1st ed.). Routledge. 5974: 5233:"Withdrawal From Sale of Infants Milks Based on Goats' Milk on 17 September 2006" 5035: 4573: 4379: 4302: 3918: 3831: 3812: 3718: 3270: 3168: 3141: 2830: 2764: 2738: 1677: 1657: 1499: 1453: 1051: 929: 558: 551: 5400: 4456:

ISSGPU – Indian Society for Sheep and Goat Production and Utilization Newsletter

1457: 1065: 11295: 11162: 10819: 10794: 10563: 10501: 10131: 10122: 9647: 9596: 9517: 9508: 9449: 9287: 8989: 8811: 8802: 8357: 8324: 8306: 7794: 7604: 7479: 7318: 6306: 6278: 5987: 5758: 4488: 4093: 3098: 3013:) who visit houses. Usually the dress was an inverted fur jacket, a leather or 2856: 2842: 2822:

is a giant version of the Yule Goat, erected every year in the Swedish city of

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Goats are reputed to be willing to eat almost anything, including tin cans and

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This article is about the domesticated species of goat. For other species, see

6209: 4778: 3487: 2987: 2445:(1798–1801), sent one to Paris. Since these shawls were produced in the upper 1587: 1552: 1483:

people in poor countries, because goats are easier and cheaper to manage than

1271:

in a goat's feed can make it sick and possibly kill it due to the presence of

949: 786:, one dangling from each side of the neck. Goats have horizontal, slit-shaped 712: 11279: 11180: 11128: 11077: 10871: 10809: 10188: 10170: 10056: 9993: 9984: 9043: 8778: 8751: 8522: 8432: 8423: 8408: 8273: 8237: 8192: 8129: 8120: 7637: 7595: 7488: 7454: 7444: 7345: 7327: 6990: 6939: 6849: 6413: 5941: 5696: 5527:(Citing McCane, Widdowson, Scherz, Kloos, International Laboratory Services.) 5408: 5267: 4702:"Arctic Studies Center | Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History" 4101: 3890: 3767: 3759: 3682:"10,000-year-old DNA pens the first tales of the earliest domesticated goats" 3439: 3210: 3113:". A leader or king was sometimes compared to a male goat leading the flock. 2850: 2637: 2416: 2412: 2111: 1854: 1751: 1740: 1268: 1140: 318: 279: 91: 31: 6190:

Goat breeds from the Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University

6189: 5449: 5263:"Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants: Other alternate milks (ii) Goat's milk" 4973: 3647: 3570: 2819: 11108: 10886: 10881: 10861: 10839: 10697: 10582: 10551: 10441: 10113: 9927: 9855: 9728: 9671: 9662: 9380: 9314: 9076: 9034: 8949: 8760: 8480: 8471: 8333: 8264: 8153: 8144: 7886: 7655: 7336: 7291: 7258: 7029: 6921: 6888: 6804: 5873: 5855: 5426: 5125: 5117: 4796: 4451: 4335:'The mother eats the placenta to prevent predators from getting the scent.' 4321:(Television Production). ORF/Nature. Event occurs at Shortly after birth. 4257:

Goats, sheep and cows could challenge dogs for title of 'man's best friend'

4241: 4223: 4109: 3666: 3321: 2967:, a symbol used in Satanism, is said to be shaped like a goat's head. The " 2934: 2922: 2503: 1783: 1733: 1596: 1369: 1333: 1329: 1159:

breeds are not usually milked and simply produce enough for the kids until

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are mythological creatures that are part goat and part human. The mineral

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is named from the Greek word "brόmos", which means "stench of he-goats".

2883: 2872: 2795: 2620: 2494:, an invasive plant species prevalent in the southeastern United States. 2479: 2404: 2389: 2378: 1969: 1917:

to meet an infant's nutritional needs" and may cause harm to an infant's

1875: 1744: 1592: 1337: 1283: 1276: 849: 840: 669: 517: 463: 459: 412: 239: 66: 10979: 11092: 11072: 11067: 11042: 11004: 10932: 10896: 10784: 10754: 10744: 10702: 9810: 9710: 9535: 9127: 8549: 8531: 8282: 7977: 7962: 7953: 7920: 7697: 7503: 7420: 7411: 7186: 7177: 7056: 6981: 6522: 6343: 5010:

FAO. 1997. 1996 Production Yearbook. Food Agr. Organ., UN. Rome, Italy.

4035:

Iannuzzi, Leopoldo; Meo, Giulia Pia; Perucatti, Angela (May 28, 2004).

3235: 3184: 3106: 3082: 3014: 2946: 2811: 2710: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2487: 2423: 2400:

twice a year, with an average yield of about 4.5 kg (10 lb).

1945: 1937: 1907: 1709: 1665: 1569: 1507: 1404: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1242: 1207: 1203: 1144: 1131: 1127: 1010: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 779: 755: 704: 692: 616: 455: 157: 153: 111: 76: 11249: 4932:

Cramer, D. A. (1983). "Chemical compounds implicated in lamb flavor".

4869: 4630: 3911: 3447: 3415: 3189: 1487:, and have multiple uses. In addition, goats are used for driving and 848:

Goats expressing the tan pattern have coats pigmented completely with

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is used most often to emphasize the distinct smell of domestic goats.

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Basnet, S.; Schneider, M.; Gazit, A.; Mander, G.; Doctor, A. (2010).

4658:"Present status of the world goat populations and their productivity" 3274: 3219: 3214: 3202: 3164: 3130: 3110: 3026: 2964: 2933:. The origin of this belief was probably the behavior of the buck in 2835: 2806: 2791: 1895: 1891: 1858: 1824: 1809: 1805: 1767: 1755: 1747: 1736: 1661: 1649: 1633: 1529: 1488: 1437: 1332:. They can transmit a number of zoonotic diseases to people, such as 1313: 1294: 1272: 1234: 1189:

boxes. While goats will not actually eat inedible material, they are

1152: 1147:, such as deer, to reduce the lure of the birth scent for predators. 1135: 1115: 1101: 974: 873: 826: 802: 775: 742: 727: 679: 676:

is the likely original ancestor of all or most domestic goats today.

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Scientific Farm Animal Production: An Introduction to Animal Science

3962:

Scientific Farm Animal Production: An Introduction to Animal Science

3171:. The goat's head and head of Baphomet is also used in the logo for 2841:

The goat is one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the

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Most goats have softer insulating hairs nearer the skin, and longer

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The Angora breed of goats produces long, curling, lustrous locks of

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A Review of the Social Behavior of Feral and Wild Sheep and Goats 1

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are predicted to be shy, introverted, creative, and perfectionist.

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Belanger, J & Bredesen, S. T, "Basic Information about Goats"

3066:, so named because of some similarity to a goat's facial feature. 2991: 2823: 1506:. The horn of the goat, which signifies plenty and wellbeing (the 1360: 11152: 11135: 10952: 10851: 10779: 10624: 10459: 10320: 10179: 9569: 9356: 9347: 9260: 9146: 9137: 9109: 8865: 8769: 8733: 8648: 8644: 8615: 8540: 8228: 8101: 8062: 7646: 7563: 7469: 6732: 6682: 6377: 5575:"NCSU: Animal Science – Meat Goats in Land and Forage Management" 3022: 2998: 2937:, the very epitome of lust. The common medieval depiction of the 2903: 2772: 2669: 2633: 2490:. Chattanooga, TN and Spartanburg, SC have used goats to control 2446: 1965: 1949: 1918: 1729: 1713: 1697: 1685: 1577: 1480: 1449: 1341: 1256: 1160: 1097: 1082: 889: 885: 767: 708: 700: 428: 269: 249: 121: 96: 6194: 3573:. Oklahoma State University Board of Regents. January 19, 2021. 3081:, a deity commonly portrayed as having the head of a goat and a 1976:

Basic composition of various milks (mean values per 100 g)

1960:. In fact, the level of lactose is similar to that of cow milk. 1177: 660: 11026: 10937: 10927: 10468: 10037: 9942: 9765: 9755: 9371: 8883: 8723: 8705: 8696: 8582: 8504: 8456: 8447: 7905: 7896: 7831: 7822: 7812: 7734: 7267: 7080: 6930: 6266: 6254: 5360:

Devil in the milk – Illness, health and politics A1 and A2 milk

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25:4). Its horns can be used instead of sheep's horn to make a

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across much of the world. Milk from goats is often turned into

229: 209: 144: 4852:

Gizaw, S.; Tegegne, A.; Gebremedhin, B.; Hoekstra, D. (2010).

682:

farmers began to herd wild goats primarily for easy access to

11113: 10989: 10984: 10942: 10922: 10492: 10450: 10025: 9695: 9686: 8980: 8907: 8898: 8829: 8558: 8513: 8372: 8297: 8177: 8168: 7679: 7670: 7162: 7153: 6362: 6353: 5813:"Goats Are as Smart And Loving as Dogs, According to Science" 5636:"Oregon scraps goat landscaping scheme due to cost and smell" 5198:"Fresh Goat's Milk for Infants: Myths and Realities—A Review" 5102:"Fresh Goat's Milk for Infants: Myths and Realities—A Review" 4589:, 6th Ed. Prentice-Hall (1999) Upper Saddle River pg 324–325. 4377: 4137:"Goats Are as Smart And Loving as Dogs, According to Science" 3829: 3194: 3090: 2938: 2930: 2918: 2899: 2757: 2645: 2543: 2491: 2373: 2105: 1725: 1673: 1511: 1472: 1445: 1230: 1119: 943: 914: 822: 806: 787: 572: 484: 436: 432: 3615: 3613: 1245:

is poisonous; wilted fruit tree leaves can also kill goats.

1076:

Bucks (intact males) of Swiss and northern breeds come into

11016: 10999: 10957: 10947: 10764: 10707: 10683: 9638: 8968: 8856: 8838: 8495: 8348: 7752: 7619: 7435: 6709: 6670: 5759:"Who, What, Why: Does shooting goats save soldiers' lives?" 5166: 4631:"Teeth, Life Expectancy & How to estimate a goat's age" 4075: 3223: 3063: 3009:, January 13—involves young men dressed as goats (Finnish: 2941:

was that of a goat-like face with horns and small beard (a

2929:

was that goats whispered lewd sentences in the ears of the

2895: 2891: 2802: 2768: 2753: 1883: 1790: 1681: 1464: 1238: 1226: 723: 696: 683: 447: 9106: 5099: 4565:

Pugh, D.G. and Rankins, D. L. Jr, "Feeding and Nutrition"

4006:"Choosing Your Boer Goat- How Do I Know What to Look For?" 3924: 3801: 3799: 1644: 1498:", which is still in use as a material for internal human 1448:. Intensive goat husbandry in drylands may produce severe 699:. Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in 11052: 10248: 8847: 8793: 7725: 7107: 5362:(Updated ed.). Craig Potton Publishing. p. 21. 4974:

Intarapichet, K.; Sihaboot, W.; Chungsiriwat, P. (1995).

3610: 2975:" refers to a Satanic goat-like figure from 19th-century 2653: 2539: 2092: 1260: 1241:, more like deer than sheep, preferring them to grasses. 1156: 926:

been found to be as intelligent as dogs by some studies.

6199: 5472:"Why the A2 Protein Makes Goat Milk Such a Game Changer" 3733: 3722:

The Near East: Archaeology in the Cradle of Civilization

3619: 523:"she-goat, goat in general", which in turn derives from 10652: 8098: 6204: 6127:

Hearing Shofar: The Still Small Voice of the Ram's Horn

5728:"In Tennessee, Goats Eat the 'Vine That Ate the South'" 5028: 4585:

Taylor, R.E. and Field, T.G., "Growth and Development"

3862: 3796: 2465:

Goats managing the landscape alongside German autobahn

805:. They have a four-chambered stomach consisting of the 8641: 6070:. Satakunnankansa.fi. January 13, 2011. Archived from 5841: 5442:"A2 Milk Facts - California Dairy Research Foundation" 4209: 3712:

Near East: Archaeology in the 'Cradle of Civilization'

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Coffey, Linda; Hale, Margo; Wells, Ann (August 2004).

1660:

meat; in fact, in the English-speaking islands of the

1050:

In temperate climates and among the Swiss breeds, the

4761:

Narayan, Raj; Mendiratta, S. K.; Mane, B. G. (2015).

4760: 4421:"Dairy Goat Journal. – raising goats – goat business" 4378:

Mary C. Smith; David M. Sherman (November 16, 2011).

3830:

Mary C. Smith; David M. Sherman (November 16, 2011).

3793:, 2nd ed. Storey Publishing (2010) North Adams, pg 14 1878:

results in a 2% case fatality rate. According to the

1696:. It can be prepared in a variety of ways, including 5887:"Learn How to Feed and Tend Goats on the Small Farm" 4841:

ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0540t/a0540t06.pdf

4034: 2361:

These compositions vary by breed (especially in the

1853:

is white because goats produce milk with the yellow

1652:– in this case a buck – is a widely kept meat breed. 578:"kid"). To refer to the male goat, Old English used 6038:

An illustrated encyclopaedia of traditional symbols

5389:

Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources

4167:

Restraint and Handling of Wild and Domestic Animals

3825: 3823: 3821: 2365:breed), animal, and point in the lactation period. 1595:farmers in many countries, such as this woman from 1556:Species-appropriate goat husbandry with stable and 973:"Goat sex" redirects here. For the shock site, see 631:both refer to anything having a goat-like quality, 6097: 6035: 5196: 4611: 4371: 4305:." Journal of Animal Science 58.2 (1984): 500–509. 4283:An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics 1861:. Goat milk has less cholesterol than cow's milk. 1845:("goat cheese") in France. Some varieties include 1535: 4487:. Texas Department of Agriculture. Archived from 3964:, 6th ed, Upper Saddle River (Prentice Hall) 1998 2453:region, the wool came to be known as "cashmere". 1656:The taste of goat kid meat is similar to that of 1267:is the least palatable and least nutritious hay. 1126:births also common. Less frequent are litters of 41:"Billy goat" redirects here. For other uses, see 11277: 5537: 5535: 5533: 4939: 4520:A BBC2 programme transmitted on October 31, 2016 3818: 1206:. This is one reason goat-rearing is most often 1100:, as it allows easy access to a wide variety of 6239: 5382: 4940:Wong, E.; Nixon, L. N.; Johnson, B. C. (1975). 3346: 2640:, where goats are judged on traits relating to 1300: 856:which codes for this pattern is located at the 6118: 4602:, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1994 pg 7 3514:"hircine | Etymology of hircine by etymonline" 3175:, which also featured the inverted pentagram. 2752:Archaeologists excavating the ancient city of 2081:Milk composition analysis, per 100 grams 829:, which sometimes may have up to eight teats. 609:(females) originated in the 18th century, and 10668: 6225: 6042:. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson. p. 5697:"The goats fighting America's plant invasion" 5530: 4625: 4623: 2952:The goat has had a lingering connection with 1221:, a weed which is toxic to most stock animals 5439: 5291:. Vol. 22–24. Missouri Farm Pub. 2005. 4946:New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 3571:"Breeds of Livestock; Goats: (Capra hircus)" 3264:"The History of the Domestication of Goats". 2810:Yule Goat" is similar to the British custom 2407:on the surface. The desirable fiber for the 1092:In addition to natural, traditional mating, 613:(for males) originated in the 19th century. 5915: 5604:McGuire, Virginia C. (September 17, 2013). 5337:"The World's Healthiest Foods | Milk, goat" 4897: 4576:Elsevier (2012) Maryland Heights, pg 40–42. 3912:Frequently Asked Questions – Triple I Goats 2588:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1761: 1750:is also considered a meat breed, as is the 1255:bacteria that can grow in fermented feeds. 10675: 10661: 6314: 6232: 6218: 6029: 6027: 6025: 5331: 5329: 4862:International Livestock Research Institute 4620: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3287: 1664:, and in some parts of Asia, particularly 1307:List of infectious sheep and goat diseases 937:in flocks, sometimes through head butting. 143: 10549: 8021: 5863: 5810: 5416: 5279: 4965: 4786: 4285:, 5th ed, Oxford (Blackwell Science) 1999 4231: 4177: 4175: 4134: 4052: 3656: 3646: 3021:, Nuuttipukki was a scary character (cf. 2867:and Jupiter's goat); commissioned by the 2726:Learn how and when to remove this message 2675: 2608:Learn how and when to remove this message 1420:Learn how and when to remove this message 1352:expected life span to eight to 10 years. 1259:, a high-protein plant, is widely fed as 1026:Learn how and when to remove this message 913:An example of goats browsing together in 653:Horn cores from the Neolithic village of 10430: 7820: 5986: 5918:"Dietary choices of goats at the trough" 5440:Pasin, Ph.D., Gonca (February 9, 2017). 5357: 5194: 3976:"What is a Genetic Flaw in a Boer Goat?" 3349:"Goats: Sustainable Production Overview" 3288:Zeder, Melinda A.; Hesse, Brian (2000). 3188: 3073: 2981: 2855: 2781: 2737: 2619: 2522: 2460: 2372: 1777: 1643: 1586: 1551: 1494:The intestine of goats is used to make " 1431: 1359: 1212: 1176: 1106: 1064: 1037: 948: 928: 899: 839: 831: 741: 659: 648: 491: 483: 370: 6721: 6292: 6095: 6022: 5787: 5707:from the original on September 10, 2022 5606:"How to Get a Goat to Weed Your Garden" 5603: 5326: 4655: 4462:from the original on September 24, 2023 4346: 4253: 4169:, 3rd Ed, Witley-Blackwell, 2008 pg 144 3680:Trinity College Dublin (June 7, 2021). 3577:from the original on September 25, 2008 3556: 3258: 3256: 1069:A two-month-old goat kid in a field of 895: 844:Brown/tan goat with some white spotting 715:, dating the domestication of goats in 431:, meaning it is closely related to the 14: 11278: 6439: 6091: 6089: 6033: 5788:Londoño, Ernesto (February 24, 2013). 5646:from the original on November 18, 2021 5239:. Department of Health. Archived from 5152: 4931: 4767:Journal of Food Science and Technology 4742:from the original on November 12, 2016 4181: 4172: 3868: 3413: 3089:Goats are mentioned many times in the 3017:mask, and horns. Unlike the analogues 1217:A domestic goat feeding in a field of 1122:are the usual result, with single and 892:gene is located on goat chromosome 2. 719:at between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago. 11196: 11195: 10656: 10548: 10417: 10416: 10022: 9105: 8640: 8097: 7559: 6705: 6291: 6213: 5916:Morand-Fehr, P. (September 1, 2003). 5769:from the original on November 9, 2020 5756: 5725: 5694: 5585:from the original on January 26, 2021 5555:from the original on January 20, 2022 5513:. North Wales Buffalo. Archived from 5209:from the original on January 11, 2022 5195:Edwardes, Charlotte (June 19, 2005). 4876:from the original on January 20, 2022 4821:from the original on October 16, 2023 4294:Shackleton, D. M., and C. C. Shank. " 3942:from the original on October 17, 2021 3806:American Goat Society:Polled Genetics 3791:Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats 2890:is usually depicted as a goat with a 1815:Goat milk is commonly processed into 1286:animal. Milk digestion begins in the 427:. The goat is a member of the family 7857: 6200:North American Packgoats Association 4656:Mahmoud, Abdel Aziz (October 2010). 4264:from the original on August 15, 2016 4116:from the original on January 6, 2012 3253: 2708:adding citations to reliable sources 2679: 2586:adding citations to reliable sources 2553: 1402:adding citations to reliable sources 1373: 1008:adding citations to reliable sources 979: 6706: 6205:The American Dairy Goat Association 6086: 6010:from the original on March 21, 2024 5897:from the original on August 4, 2020 5823:from the original on March 15, 2022 5738:from the original on April 24, 2022 5719: 5628: 5305:from the original on March 21, 2024 5140:from the original on March 21, 2024 4992:from the original on March 31, 2022 4913:from the original on March 21, 2024 4398:from the original on March 21, 2024 4340: 4325:from the original on March 10, 2022 4254:Douglas, Catherine (July 8, 2016), 4147:from the original on March 15, 2022 3850:from the original on March 21, 2024 3692:from the original on March 30, 2022 2497: 1572:, similar to the more widely known 1151:4,000 lb) of milk per 305-day 435:. There are more than 300 distinct 24: 10023: 7560: 5811:MacDonald, Fiona (June 30, 2018). 5695:Jolly, Joanna (January 13, 2015). 5597: 4712:from the original on April 9, 2022 4633:. fiascofarm.com. March 16, 2009. 4192:from the original on July 24, 2016 4135:MacDonald, Fiona (June 30, 2018). 3973: 2415:produces a commercial quantity of 1921:and could cause metabolic damage. 1782:A goat being machine milked on an 1591:Goats are important livestock for 1475:, and then as meat and hide. Some 1118:length is approximately 150 days. 27:Domesticated mammal (Capra hircus) 25: 11332: 11158:Milk quotas in the United Kingdom 6178: 5948:from the original on May 31, 2022 5616:from the original on June 4, 2022 5478:. August 15, 2017. Archived from 4682:from the original on May 14, 2016 4637:from the original on May 10, 2019 4547:from the original on June 2, 2022 3404:(1975, edited by William Morris). 3377:Food and Agriculture Organization 3328:from the original on July 7, 2022 1857:converted to a colorless form of 1542:Food and Agriculture Organization 1169:is also known to occur in goats. 1096:has gained popularity among goat 474:Food and Agriculture Organization 11176: 11175: 10763: 6152:) – Invasive species fact sheet" 6100:Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible 4612:William S. Spector, ed. (1956). 4567:Sheep and Goat Medicine, 2nd Ed. 4431:from the original on May 2, 2013 4185:Man's New Best Friend Is a Goat? 4054:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1994.00245.x 3402:The American Heritage Dictionary 3129: 2921:with imagery of goats. A common 2861:Amalthée et la chèvre de Jupiter 2684: 2558: 2456: 1568:who were frequently children or 1378: 1087:urinate on his forelegs and face 984: 186: 64: 6584:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 6140: 6060: 5980: 5960: 5909: 5879: 5835: 5804: 5781: 5750: 5688: 5658: 5567: 5503: 5494: 5464: 5433: 5376: 5351: 5317: 5255: 5188: 5093: 5063: 5041: 5029:American Dairy Goat Association 5022: 5013: 5004: 4925: 4888: 4845: 4833: 4803: 4754: 4724: 4694: 4649: 4605: 4592: 4579: 4559: 4523: 4511: 4498: 4474: 4443: 4413: 4308: 4288: 4275: 4247: 4203: 4182:Deamer, Kacey (July 15, 2016), 4159: 4128: 4069: 4028: 3998: 3967: 3954: 3905: 3783: 3774: 3727: 3704: 3673: 3531: 3140:, the official insignia of the 2871:in 1787 for the royal dairy at 2695:needs additional citations for 2662:American Dairy Goat Association 1968:, which does not metabolize to 1564:grazing areas, often tended by 1536:Worldwide population statistics 1389:needs additional citations for 995:needs additional citations for 968: 7373:Central American red brocket ( 6195:International Goat Association 6104:. W.B. Eerdmans. p. 510. 4967:10.1080/00288233.1975.10423642 3883:10.1086/physzool.39.2.30152426 3506: 3480: 3454: 3407: 3394: 3363: 3340: 3281: 3178: 3062:incorporating hair on a man's 2441:, the General in Chief of the 1871:American Academy of Pediatrics 1355: 1322:caprine arthritis encephalitis 750:Most goats naturally have two 13: 1: 5993:Ebla: Archaeology and History 5934:10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00141-X 5672:. May 1, 2009. Archived from 4353:. Globe Pequot. p. 224. 4347:Roe III, Leonard Lee (2004). 3314:10.1126/science.287.5461.2254 3246: 1181:A goat tied on a grass point. 888:and have 60 chromosomes. The 868:to all other alleles at this 746:A white Irish goat with horns 8080:Large subfamily listed below 8068:Large subfamily listed below 8056:Large subfamily listed below 6096:Younker, Randall W. (2000). 5757:Kelly, Jon (March 8, 2013). 5726:Emery, Theo (June 5, 2007). 5543:"Rent-a-goats gain foothold" 3932:"ANIMALS WITH NO TEAR DUCTS" 2775:that is pulled by the goats 2340:Polyunsaturated fatty acids 2320:Monounsaturated fatty acids 1864: 1547: 1364:Domesticated goats in Africa 1301:Diseases and life expectancy 798:. Goats have no tear ducts. 479: 7: 11321:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6575:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 6566:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 5401:10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.940 5034:September 13, 2008, at the 4614:Handbook of Biological Data 4572:September 25, 2023, at the 4531:"Digestive System of Goats" 3717:September 24, 2023, at the 3278:. Accessed August 18, 2008. 3229: 3120: 3069: 3040:The common Russian surname 2986:A goat in the coat of arms 2777:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr 1752:myotonic or "fainting goat" 879: 645:Evolution of domestic goats 43:Billy goat (disambiguation) 10: 11337: 6133:December 27, 2011, at the 5548:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 5476:The Good Goat Milk Company 5071:"Goat's Milk in Nagercoil" 4860:(Report). Nairobi, Kenya: 4366:an easily scavenged feast. 4301:November 27, 2018, at the 4094:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.09.028 3917:February 25, 2021, at the 3815:, americangoatsociety.com. 3811:September 1, 2018, at the 3182: 2657:not what is being judged. 2549: 1771: 1765: 1637: 1631: 1521: 1367: 1304: 1225:Goats prefer to browse on 1111:A female goat and two kids 972: 733: 642: 638: 605:in the late 12th century. 571:meaning "young goat" (cf. 40: 29: 11316:Mammals described in 1758 11204: 11171: 11101: 11035: 10915: 10772: 10761: 10690: 10623: 10595: 10571: 10562: 10558: 10544: 10511:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 10502:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 10490: 10439: 10426: 10412: 10376: 10352: 10328: 10319: 10201: 10168: 10144: 10111: 10087: 10066:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 10045: 10036: 10032: 10018: 9982: 9940: 9763: 9754: 9708: 9684: 9660: 9618: 9567: 9543: 9534: 9506: 9482: 9475: 9429: 9369: 9345: 9258: 9207: 9183: 9159: 9135: 9126: 9122: 9101: 9056: 8957: 8948: 8920: 8896: 8791: 8731: 8722: 8694: 8670: 8661: 8657: 8636: 8595: 8571: 8493: 8469: 8445: 8421: 8370: 8346: 8295: 8190: 8166: 8142: 8118: 8114: 8093: 8073: 8061: 8049: 8012: 7975: 7951: 7918: 7894: 7885: 7848: 7811: 7765: 7705: 7696: 7668: 7617: 7584: 7575: 7571: 7555: 7501: 7467: 7433: 7409: 7385: 7355:Amazonian brown brocket ( 7289: 7256: 7232: 7199: 7175: 7151: 7142: 7078: 7027: 7003: 6970: 6919: 6886: 6862: 6730: 6717: 6701: 6688:Large family listed below 6681: 6676:Large family listed below 6669: 6653:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 6596: 6554: 6530: 6521: 6430: 6375: 6351: 6342: 6305: 6301: 6287: 6249: 6137:, 2009. Hearingshofar.com 5973:October 24, 2020, at the 4779:10.1007/s13197-013-1023-x 4384:. John Wiley & Sons. 4350:The Deer of North America 3836:. John Wiley & Sons. 3051: 2652:Children's clubs such as 1954:gastrointestinal problems 1774:List of goat milk cheeses 1754:, a breed originating in 1517: 1328:, pinkeye, mastitis, and 953:Goats blocking a road in 852:(tan/brown pigment). The 836:Eye with horizontal pupil 446:Goats have been used for 336: 329: 308: 301: 183:Scientific classification 181: 172: 163: 151: 142: 52: 10682: 8752:Domestic water buffalo ( 7117:Central Asian red deer ( 6742:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 5358:Woodford, Keith (2010). 5160:"Infant Formula Feeding" 4972:Both articles cited in: 4506:Rails to Trails Magazine 4010:Rooster Ridge Boer Goats 3760:10.1177/0959683616641741 3400:Calvert Watkins et al., 2636:' clubs frequently hold 2443:French campaign in Egypt 2368: 1762:Milk, butter, and cheese 1743:in the early 1990s. The 1616:night for safe-keeping. 1510:), is also used to make 9630:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 9417:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 7522:Yucatan brown brocket ( 6751:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 6635:Philippine mouse-deer ( 5922:Small Ruminant Research 4909:. Life. June 18, 1945. 3648:10.1073/pnas.0804782105 3543:www.merriam-webster.com 3539:"Definition of CAPRINE" 2527:Goats following humans. 2518: 1952:(sugar), and may cause 1627: 1172: 1094:artificial insemination 664:Skeleton (Capra hircus) 403:that is mostly kept as 11119:Fidel Castro and dairy 11083:Plastic milk container 10340:White-lipped peccary ( 10276:Philippine warty pig ( 9901:Yellow-backed duiker ( 9865:Black-fronted duiker ( 9838:White-bellied duiker ( 9459:Przewalski's gazelle ( 8682:Four-horned antelope ( 7480:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 7039:Visayan spotted deer ( 6898:European fallow deer ( 6841:Northern red muntjac ( 6787:Southern red muntjac ( 6170:on September 11, 2008. 5856:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0283 5118:10.1542/peds.2009-1906 5055:. 2008. Archived from 4482:"Learning About Goats" 4224:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0283 4082:The Veterinary Journal 3724:Routledge, 1999; p.124 3598:Cite journal requires 3414:Ullman, B. L. (1943). 3197: 3086: 2994: 2875: 2790:Possibly related, the 2787: 2767:, the god of thunder, 2749: 2676:Mythology and folklore 2629: 2528: 2470: 2426:, cashmere is called " 2381: 2300:Saturated fatty acids 1786: 1739:, introduced into the 1653: 1600: 1580:are still used today. 1560: 1460: 1440:is common through the 1365: 1318:foot-and-mouth disease 1222: 1182: 1112: 1073: 1043: 957: 938: 918: 845: 837: 747: 665: 657: 505: 489: 488:Goat-herding in Spain. 379: 34:. For other uses, see 10520:Wild Bactrian camel ( 10222:Bornean bearded pig ( 10213:Palawan bearded pig ( 9802:White-legged duiker ( 9228:Red-fronted gazelle ( 6907:Persian fallow deer ( 6823:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 6496:Himalayan musk deer ( 6405:Reticulated giraffe ( 6034:Cooper, J.C. (1979). 5800:on February 28, 2013. 5642:. February 27, 2016. 5517:on September 29, 2007 4706:Naturalhistory.si.edu 4538:Ssl.acesag.auburn.edu 4494:on December 22, 2009. 4281:Payne, William J.A., 3871:Physiological Zoology 3269:July 7, 2008, at the 3192: 3077: 3058:refers to a style of 2985: 2859: 2794:is one of the oldest 2785: 2741: 2623: 2526: 2464: 2376: 1956:for individuals with 1849:and Montrachet. Goat 1781: 1694:4-methylnonanoic acid 1647: 1590: 1555: 1435: 1363: 1326:caseous lymphadenitis 1275:. Goats can contract 1216: 1180: 1110: 1085:lip curling and will 1068: 1041: 962:Queen Mary University 952: 932: 912: 872:. There are multiple 843: 835: 745: 663: 652: 495: 487: 378:Herd of goat bleating 377: 339:Capra aegagrus hircus 36:Goat (disambiguation) 11286:Domesticated animals 10607:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 10267:Oliver's warty pig ( 9892:Red-flanked duiker ( 9297:Erlanger's gazelle ( 9017:Harnessed bushbuck ( 8743:Wild water buffalo ( 8220:East Caucasian tur ( 8211:West Caucasian tur ( 7364:Little red brocket ( 6832:Truong Son muntjac ( 6644:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 6626:Greater mouse-deer ( 6505:Siberian musk deer ( 6185:British Goat Society 5676:on December 13, 2014 5081:on September 4, 2020 5075:amd integrated farms 5059:on January 10, 2009. 4452:"Lactation in Males" 4425:Dairygoatjournal.com 4260:, The Conversation, 4016:on November 12, 2014 3986:on November 12, 2014 3359:on February 4, 2007. 2990:, a municipality of 2886:sign in the Western 2748:depicting wild goats 2704:improve this article 2582:improve this section 2476:conservation grazing 1837:and other products. 1398:improve this article 1004:improve this article 896:Behavior and ecology 443:calendar years ago. 417:C. aegagrus aegagrus 11306:Herbivorous mammals 11301:Goat's-milk cheeses 10240:Celebes warty pig ( 10231:Visayan warty pig ( 9847:Red forest duiker ( 9579:Günther's dik-dik ( 9441:Mongolian gazelle ( 9246:Heuglin's gazelle ( 9237:Thomson's gazelle ( 8391:Long-tailed goral ( 7786:Mountain reedbuck ( 7777:Southern reedbuck ( 7629:East African oryx ( 7531:White-tailed deer ( 7310:Small red brocket ( 7277:South Andean deer ( 7220:Siberian roe deer ( 7211:European roe deer ( 7048:Philippine sambar ( 7015:Père David's deer ( 6617:Lesser mouse-deer ( 6478:Kashmir musk deer ( 6124:Chusid, Michael T. 6074:on January 13, 2014 5794:The Washington Post 5275:on August 19, 2012. 4958:1975NZJAR..18..261W 4665:Lohmann Information 4508:, Spring 2004, p. 3 3752:2016Holoc..26.1722S 3639:2008PNAS..10517659N 3633:(46): 17659–17664. 3420:Classical Philology 3383:on January 25, 2016 3306:2000Sci...287.2254Z 3155:In some depictions 3095:Jewish dietary laws 2082: 1977: 1958:lactose intolerance 1640:List of goat dishes 1613:Indian subcontinent 1576:. These methods of 1524:List of goat breeds 1504:musical instruments 1456:. Image from upper 935:dominance hierarchy 864:. It is completely 566:Proto-Indo-European 564:), ultimately from 363:Linnaeus, 1758 356:Linnaeus, 1758 349:Linnaeus, 1758 342:Linnaeus, 1758 166:Conservation status 10388:Collared peccary ( 10258:Flores warty pig ( 10099:Giant forest hog ( 9961:Maxwell's duiker ( 9883:Ruwenzori duiker ( 9829:Jentink's duiker ( 9738:Sharpe's grysbok ( 9494:Tibetan antelope ( 9399:Bright's gazelle ( 9333:Goitered gazelle ( 9306:Mountain gazelle ( 9279:Cuvier's gazelle ( 9219:Mongalla gazelle ( 8607:Pyrenean chamois ( 8033:Tibetan antelope ( 7987:Black wildebeest ( 6814:Reeves's muntjac ( 6778:Sumatran muntjac ( 6769:Gongshan muntjac ( 6542:Water chevrotain ( 6469:Alpine musk deer ( 6396:Southern giraffe ( 6387:Northern giraffe ( 6160:environment.gov.au 6068:"Satakunnan Kansa" 5732:The New York Times 5243:on August 29, 2006 4983:ASEAN Food Journal 4318:Prince of the Alps 3921:, Tripleigoats.com 3518:www.etymonline.com 3198: 3173:The Satanic Temple 3087: 2995: 2913:folk tradition in 2876: 2788: 2750: 2630: 2529: 2471: 2439:Napoleon Bonaparte 2382: 2080: 1975: 1942:buffering capacity 1787: 1654: 1601: 1561: 1461: 1366: 1223: 1183: 1113: 1074: 1044: 958: 939: 933:Goats establish a 919: 846: 838: 748: 666: 658: 623:. While the words 597:) until ousted by 593:and giving modern 506: 490: 396:) is a species of 380: 11273: 11272: 11198:Taxon identifiers 11189: 11188: 11048:Glass milk bottle 10650: 10649: 10646: 10645: 10642: 10641: 10619: 10618: 10540: 10539: 10536: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10408: 10407: 10404: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10364:Chacoan peccary ( 10315: 10314: 10303:Javan warty pig ( 10294:Timor warty pig ( 10101:H. meinertzhageni 10075:Togian babirusa ( 10014: 10013: 10010: 10009: 10006: 10005: 9970:Walter's duiker ( 9910:Abbott's duiker ( 9874:Ogilby's duiker ( 9820:Harvey's duiker ( 9784:Brooke's duiker ( 9750: 9749: 9530: 9529: 9471: 9470: 9408:Peter's gazelle ( 9390:Grant's gazelle ( 9324:Speke's gazelle ( 9097: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9089: 9088: 8974: 8944: 8943: 8932:African buffalo ( 8763:B. depressicornis 8718: 8717: 8632: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8400:Himalayan goral ( 8222:C. cylindricornis 8089: 8088: 8085: 8084: 8045: 8044: 8008: 8007: 7996:Blue wildebeest ( 7930:Common tsessebe ( 7881: 7880: 7844: 7843: 7807: 7806: 7719:K. ellipsiprymnus 7692: 7691: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7491:P. mephistophiles 7447:P. mephistophiles 7138: 7137: 6834:M. truongsonensis 6796:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 6697: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6665: 6664: 6608:Java mouse-deer ( 6517: 6516: 6487:Black musk deer ( 6460:Dwarf musk deer ( 6451:Anhui musk deer ( 6426: 6425: 6389:G. camelopardalis 6338: 6337: 6148:"The feral goat ( 6053:978-0-500-27125-4 5765:. Washington DC. 5763:BBC News Magazine 5551:. June 14, 2007. 5369:978-1-877333-70-5 5298:978-1-58017-161-8 4391:978-1-119-94952-7 4360:978-1-59228-465-8 3843:978-1-119-94952-7 3746:(10): 1722–1729. 3375:, United Nations 3241:Sheep–goat hybrid 3138:Sigil of Baphomet 3054:), means "goat". 3031:Southwest Finland 3001:the tradition of 2742:An ancient Greek 2736: 2735: 2728: 2618: 2617: 2610: 2484:Pacific Northwest 2359: 2358: 2240:Sugars (lactose) 2078: 2077: 2051:Total solids (g) 1843:fromage de chèvre 1540:According to the 1479:provide goats to 1430: 1429: 1422: 1141:eats the placenta 1036: 1035: 1028: 910: 790:. Because goats' 619:males are called 375: 369: 368: 176: 16:(Redirected from 11328: 11266: 11265: 11253: 11252: 11240: 11239: 11238: 11225: 11224: 11223: 11193: 11192: 11179: 11178: 10767: 10677: 10670: 10663: 10654: 10653: 10569: 10568: 10560: 10559: 10546: 10545: 10437: 10436: 10428: 10427: 10414: 10413: 10326: 10325: 10132:Common warthog ( 10123:Desert warthog ( 10043: 10042: 10034: 10033: 10020: 10019: 9919:Weyns's duiker ( 9793:Peters' duiker ( 9775:Aders's duiker ( 9761: 9760: 9648:Royal antelope ( 9606:Salt's dik-dik ( 9597:Silver dik-dik ( 9588:Kirk's dik-dik ( 9541: 9540: 9518:Saiga antelope ( 9480: 9479: 9419:N. soemmerringii 9288:Dorcas gazelle ( 9133: 9132: 9124: 9123: 9117: 9103: 9102: 8990:Mountain nyala ( 8973: 8972: 8964: 8955: 8954: 8910:P. nghetinhensis 8812:European bison ( 8803:American bison ( 8729: 8728: 8668: 8667: 8659: 8658: 8652: 8638: 8637: 8514:Domestic sheep ( 8358:Himalayan tahr ( 8325:Mainland serow ( 8307:Japanese serow ( 8116: 8115: 8109: 8095: 8094: 8019: 8018: 7892: 7891: 7855: 7854: 7818: 7817: 7795:Bohor reedbuck ( 7703: 7702: 7682:A. nasomaculatus 7605:Sable antelope ( 7582: 7581: 7573: 7572: 7566: 7557: 7556: 7319:Merida brocket ( 7149: 7148: 7090:Thorold's deer ( 6942:A. calamianensis 6825:M. rooseveltorum 6771:M. gongshanensis 6728: 6727: 6719: 6718: 6712: 6703: 6702: 6528: 6527: 6437: 6436: 6416:G. tippelskirchi 6349: 6348: 6312: 6311: 6303: 6302: 6289: 6288: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6211: 6210: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6163:. Archived from 6156: 6144: 6138: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6103: 6093: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6041: 6031: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6003:978-1-13885065-1 5984: 5978: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5867: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5796:. Archived from 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5610:Modernfarmer.com 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5539: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5448:. Archived from 5437: 5431: 5430: 5420: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5343:. Archived from 5333: 5324: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5288:Small farm today 5283: 5277: 5276: 5271:. Archived from 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5228: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5200: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5175: 5169:. Archived from 5164: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5112:(4): e973–e977. 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5077:. Archived from 5067: 5061: 5060: 5045: 5039: 5026: 5020: 5017: 5011: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4991: 4980: 4971: 4969: 4937: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4901: 4895: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4790: 4773:(3): 1772–1777. 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4681: 4662: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4627: 4618: 4617: 4609: 4603: 4596: 4590: 4583: 4577: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4546: 4535: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4504:"War on Weeds", 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4486: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4403: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4330: 4312: 4306: 4292: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4235: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4188:, Live Science, 4179: 4170: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4056: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4012:. Archived from 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3982:. Archived from 3971: 3965: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3928: 3922: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3827: 3816: 3803: 3794: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3731: 3725: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3660: 3650: 3617: 3608: 3607: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3567: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3411: 3405: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3379:, archived from 3367: 3361: 3360: 3355:. Archived from 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3300:(5461): 2254–7. 3285: 3279: 3262:Hirst, K. Kris. 3260: 3146:LaVeyan Satanism 3133: 3053: 2847:Chinese calendar 2731: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2711: 2688: 2680: 2613: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2593: 2562: 2554: 2498:Medical training 2409:textile industry 2083: 2079: 1978: 1974: 1915:pantothenic acid 1690:4-methyloctanoic 1502:and strings for 1500:surgical sutures 1425: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1405: 1382: 1374: 1031: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1011: 988: 980: 911: 674:Zagros Mountains 376: 364: 357: 350: 343: 314: 191: 190: 175: 147: 133: 63: 56:Temporal range: 50: 49: 21: 11336: 11335: 11331: 11330: 11329: 11327: 11326: 11325: 11276: 11275: 11274: 11269: 11261: 11256: 11248: 11243: 11234: 11233: 11228: 11219: 11218: 11213: 11200: 11190: 11185: 11167: 11097: 11088:Square milk jug 11031: 10911: 10768: 10759: 10686: 10681: 10651: 10638: 10615: 10591: 10554: 10528: 10486: 10422: 10396: 10372: 10348: 10311: 10278:S. philippensis 10215:S. ahoenobarbus 10197: 10189:Red river hog ( 10164: 10140: 10107: 10083: 10057:Buru babirusa ( 10028: 10002: 9994:Common duiker ( 9978: 9936: 9746: 9704: 9680: 9656: 9614: 9563: 9526: 9502: 9467: 9452:P. picticaudata 9425: 9365: 9341: 9335:G. subgutturosa 9254: 9203: 9179: 9155: 9118: 9107: 9085: 9052: 9044:Cape bushbuck ( 9037:T. strepsiceros 8966: 8965: 8963: 8940: 8916: 8892: 8787: 8779:Mountain anoa ( 8714: 8708:B. tragocamelus 8690: 8684:T. quadricornis 8653: 8642: 8624: 8591: 8567: 8523:Bighorn sheep ( 8489: 8465: 8441: 8433:Mountain goat ( 8417: 8409:Chinese goral ( 8366: 8342: 8327:C. sumatraensis 8291: 8274:Siberian ibex ( 8238:Domestic goat ( 8186: 8162: 8138: 8130:Barbary sheep ( 8110: 8099: 8081: 8069: 8057: 8041: 8004: 7971: 7947: 7914: 7877: 7840: 7803: 7761: 7688: 7664: 7638:Scimitar oryx ( 7613: 7596:Roan antelope ( 7567: 7561: 7539: 7497: 7489:Northern pudu ( 7463: 7455:Southern pudu ( 7445:Northern pudu ( 7429: 7405: 7381: 7346:Pygmy brocket ( 7328:Dwarf brocket ( 7285: 7252: 7228: 7195: 7171: 7134: 7074: 7023: 6999: 6966: 6940:Calamian deer ( 6915: 6909:D. mesopotamica 6882: 6858: 6852:M. vuquangensis 6850:Giant muntjac ( 6760:Fea's muntjac ( 6713: 6707: 6689: 6677: 6661: 6592: 6550: 6513: 6471:M. chrysogaster 6422: 6414:Masai giraffe ( 6371: 6334: 6297: 6283: 6245: 6238: 6181: 6176: 6175: 6167: 6154: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6135:Wayback Machine 6123: 6119: 6112: 6094: 6087: 6077: 6075: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6054: 6032: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6004: 5988:Matthiae, Paolo 5985: 5981: 5975:Wayback Machine 5965: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5914: 5910: 5900: 5898: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5850:(7): 20160283, 5844:Biology Letters 5840: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5809: 5805: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5755: 5751: 5741: 5739: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5708: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5541: 5540: 5531: 5520: 5518: 5511:"Milk analysis" 5509: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5482:on July 1, 2022 5470: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5452:on May 18, 2021 5438: 5434: 5381: 5377: 5370: 5356: 5352: 5347:on May 3, 2008. 5335: 5334: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5308: 5306: 5299: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5237:non-urgent memo 5229: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5203:Daily Telegraph 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5176:on May 13, 2015 5173: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5053:foodnetwork.com 5049:"Chèvre cheese" 5047: 5046: 5042: 5036:Wayback Machine 5027: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4978: 4934:Food Technology 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4850: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4660: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4629: 4628: 4621: 4610: 4606: 4597: 4593: 4584: 4580: 4574:Wayback Machine 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4516: 4512: 4503: 4499: 4491: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4401: 4399: 4392: 4376: 4372: 4361: 4345: 4341: 4328: 4326: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4303:Wayback Machine 4293: 4289: 4280: 4276: 4267: 4265: 4252: 4248: 4218:(7): 20160283, 4212:Biology Letters 4208: 4204: 4195: 4193: 4180: 4173: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4074: 4070: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3980:Boer Goats Home 3972: 3968: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3936:Pets on Mom.com 3930: 3929: 3925: 3919:Wayback Machine 3910: 3906: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3844: 3828: 3819: 3813:Wayback Machine 3804: 3797: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3775: 3732: 3728: 3719:Wayback Machine 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3678: 3674: 3618: 3611: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3412: 3408: 3399: 3395: 3386: 3384: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3286: 3282: 3271:Wayback Machine 3261: 3254: 3249: 3232: 3187: 3181: 3169:Church of Satan 3163:. The inverted 3153: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3142:Church of Satan 3134: 3123: 3072: 2963:. The inverted 2869:Queen of France 2845:related to the 2765:Norse mythology 2732: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2701: 2689: 2678: 2614: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2579: 2563: 2552: 2521: 2500: 2459: 2371: 2113: 2103: 2098: 1970:β-casomorphin 7 1934:glycerol ethers 1911: 1867: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1728:, or made into 1642: 1636: 1630: 1550: 1538: 1526: 1520: 1454:desertification 1426: 1415: 1409: 1406: 1395: 1383: 1372: 1358: 1309: 1303: 1175: 1052:breeding season 1032: 1021: 1015: 1012: 1001: 989: 978: 971: 900: 898: 882: 736: 647: 641: 482: 371: 362: 358: 355: 351: 348: 344: 341: 325: 316: 310: 297: 185: 177: 168: 138: 132: 131: 130: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 58: 57: 54: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11334: 11324: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11267: 11254: 11241: 11226: 11210: 11208: 11202: 11201: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11183: 11172: 11169: 11168: 11166: 11165: 11163:World Milk Day 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11144: 11143: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11105: 11103: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11039: 11037: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11013: 11012: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10971: 10970: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10919: 10917: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10848: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10776: 10774: 10770: 10769: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10741: 10740: 10735: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10694: 10692: 10688: 10687: 10680: 10679: 10672: 10665: 10657: 10648: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10640: 10639: 10637: 10636: 10629: 10627: 10621: 10620: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10613: 10609:C. liberiensis 10603: 10601: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10589: 10583:Hippopotamus ( 10579: 10577: 10566: 10564:Hippopotamidae 10556: 10555: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10526: 10517: 10513:C. dromedarius 10508: 10498: 10496: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10484: 10475: 10466: 10457: 10447: 10445: 10434: 10424: 10423: 10410: 10409: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10394: 10384: 10382: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10370: 10360: 10358: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10346: 10336: 10334: 10323: 10317: 10316: 10313: 10312: 10310: 10309: 10300: 10296:S. timoriensis 10291: 10282: 10273: 10264: 10255: 10249:Domestic pig ( 10246: 10237: 10228: 10219: 10209: 10207: 10199: 10198: 10196: 10195: 10186: 10176: 10174: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10162: 10152: 10150: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10138: 10129: 10125:P. aethiopicus 10119: 10117: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10105: 10095: 10093: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10081: 10077:B. togeanensis 10072: 10063: 10053: 10051: 10040: 10030: 10029: 10016: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10008: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10001: 10000: 9990: 9988: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9976: 9967: 9958: 9948: 9946: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9934: 9928:Zebra duiker ( 9925: 9916: 9907: 9903:C. silvicultor 9898: 9889: 9880: 9871: 9862: 9856:Black duiker ( 9853: 9844: 9840:C. leucogaster 9835: 9826: 9817: 9808: 9799: 9790: 9781: 9771: 9769: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9744: 9735: 9729:Cape grysbok ( 9726: 9716: 9714: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9702: 9692: 9690: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9678: 9672:Klipspringer ( 9668: 9666: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9645: 9636: 9626: 9624: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9603: 9599:M. piacentinii 9594: 9585: 9575: 9573: 9565: 9564: 9562: 9561: 9551: 9549: 9538: 9532: 9531: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9514: 9512: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9500: 9490: 9488: 9477: 9473: 9472: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9465: 9461:P. przewalskii 9456: 9447: 9437: 9435: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9423: 9414: 9405: 9396: 9387: 9381:Dama gazelle ( 9377: 9375: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9363: 9353: 9351: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9339: 9330: 9321: 9315:Rhim gazelle ( 9312: 9303: 9294: 9285: 9276: 9266: 9264: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9243: 9234: 9225: 9215: 9213: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9191: 9189: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9173:A. marsupialis 9167: 9165: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9143: 9141: 9130: 9120: 9119: 9099: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9083: 9077:Common eland ( 9074: 9064: 9062: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9041: 9035:Greater kudu ( 9032: 9023: 9014: 9005: 8996: 8987: 8977: 8975: 8952: 8946: 8945: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8928: 8926: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8914: 8904: 8902: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8881: 8872: 8863: 8854: 8848:Domestic yak ( 8845: 8836: 8827: 8818: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8785: 8776: 8772:B. mindorensis 8767: 8761:Lowland anoa ( 8758: 8749: 8739: 8737: 8726: 8720: 8719: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8702: 8700: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8688: 8678: 8676: 8665: 8655: 8654: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8622: 8613: 8603: 8601: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8589: 8579: 8577: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8556: 8547: 8538: 8529: 8520: 8511: 8501: 8499: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8481:Nilgiri tahr ( 8477: 8475: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8439: 8429: 8427: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8415: 8406: 8397: 8388: 8378: 8376: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8354: 8352: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8340: 8334:Taiwan serow ( 8331: 8322: 8313: 8303: 8301: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8280: 8271: 8265:Iberian ibex ( 8262: 8253: 8244: 8235: 8226: 8217: 8208: 8198: 8196: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8184: 8174: 8172: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8160: 8154:Arabian tahr ( 8150: 8148: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8136: 8126: 8124: 8112: 8111: 8091: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8029: 8027: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7993: 7983: 7981: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7969: 7959: 7957: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7912: 7902: 7900: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7875: 7865: 7863: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7828: 7826: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7801: 7792: 7788:R. fulvorufula 7783: 7773: 7771: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7759: 7750: 7741: 7732: 7723: 7713: 7711: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7676: 7674: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7656:Arabian oryx ( 7653: 7644: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7611: 7602: 7592: 7590: 7579: 7569: 7568: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7533:O. virginianus 7528: 7519: 7509: 7507: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7486: 7476: 7474: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7452: 7441: 7439: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7427: 7417: 7415: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7399:O. bezoarticus 7393: 7391: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7370: 7361: 7352: 7343: 7339:M. gouazoubira 7337:Gray brocket ( 7334: 7325: 7316: 7307: 7297: 7295: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7274: 7264: 7262: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7250: 7240: 7238: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7226: 7217: 7207: 7205: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7193: 7183: 7181: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7132: 7123: 7114: 7105: 7096: 7092:C. albirostris 7086: 7084: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7063: 7054: 7045: 7035: 7033: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7011: 7009: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6988: 6978: 6976: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6955: 6946: 6937: 6927: 6925: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6904: 6894: 6892: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6876:E. cephalophus 6870: 6868: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6847: 6838: 6829: 6820: 6811: 6805:Leaf muntjac ( 6802: 6798:M. puhoatensis 6793: 6784: 6775: 6766: 6757: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6725: 6715: 6714: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6655:T. williamsoni 6650: 6641: 6632: 6623: 6614: 6604: 6602: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6581: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6538: 6536: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6511: 6507:M. moschiferus 6502: 6498:M. leucogaster 6493: 6484: 6475: 6466: 6462:M. berezovskii 6457: 6447: 6445: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6411: 6402: 6393: 6383: 6381: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6359: 6357: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6309: 6307:Antilocapridae 6299: 6298: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6279:Laurasiatheria 6275: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6237: 6236: 6229: 6222: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6180: 6179:External links 6177: 6174: 6173: 6139: 6117: 6110: 6085: 6059: 6052: 6021: 6002: 5979: 5959: 5928:(3): 231–239. 5908: 5878: 5834: 5803: 5780: 5749: 5718: 5703:. Washington. 5687: 5657: 5627: 5596: 5566: 5529: 5502: 5493: 5463: 5432: 5395:(6): 940–947. 5375: 5368: 5350: 5325: 5316: 5297: 5278: 5254: 5220: 5187: 5151: 5092: 5062: 5040: 5021: 5012: 5003: 4952:(3): 261–266. 4936:(37): 249–257. 4924: 4896: 4887: 4844: 4832: 4802: 4753: 4723: 4693: 4648: 4619: 4604: 4591: 4578: 4558: 4522: 4510: 4497: 4473: 4442: 4412: 4390: 4370: 4359: 4339: 4307: 4287: 4274: 4246: 4202: 4171: 4158: 4127: 4068: 4047:(3): 245–251. 4027: 3997: 3974:Bowman, Gail. 3966: 3960:Taylor, R.E., 3953: 3923: 3904: 3877:(2): 127–139. 3861: 3842: 3817: 3795: 3782: 3773: 3726: 3710:Maisels, C.K. 3703: 3672: 3609: 3600:|journal= 3555: 3530: 3505: 3479: 3453: 3432:10.1086/362696 3416:"Bucca, Bucca" 3406: 3393: 3362: 3353:attra.ncat.org 3339: 3280: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3231: 3228: 3193:Feral goat in 3183:Main article: 3180: 3177: 3135: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3071: 3068: 3007:St. Knut's Day 2843:Chinese zodiac 2829:The Greek god 2734: 2733: 2692: 2690: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2626:Nigerian Dwarf 2616: 2615: 2566: 2564: 2557: 2551: 2548: 2533:social animals 2520: 2517: 2499: 2496: 2458: 2455: 2370: 2367: 2363:Nigerian Dwarf 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2180:Carbohydrates 2177: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1909: 1866: 1863: 1766:Main article: 1763: 1760: 1632:Main article: 1629: 1626: 1549: 1546: 1537: 1534: 1522:Main article: 1519: 1516: 1428: 1427: 1386: 1384: 1377: 1368:Main article: 1357: 1354: 1305:Main article: 1302: 1299: 1174: 1171: 1167:Male lactation 1034: 1033: 992: 990: 983: 970: 967: 897: 894: 881: 878: 874:modifier genes 735: 732: 689:Before Present 643:Main article: 640: 637: 525:Proto-Germanic 510:Modern English 481: 478: 425:Eastern Europe 421:Southwest Asia 367: 366: 353:Capra mambrica 346:Capra depressa 334: 333: 327: 326: 317: 306: 305: 299: 298: 294:C. hircus 291: 289: 285: 284: 277: 273: 272: 267: 263: 262: 257: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 227: 223: 222: 217: 213: 212: 207: 203: 202: 197: 193: 192: 179: 178: 173: 170: 169: 164: 161: 160: 149: 148: 140: 139: 127: 126: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11333: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11291:Capra (genus) 11289: 11287: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11264: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11246: 11242: 11237: 11231: 11227: 11222: 11216: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11194: 11182: 11174: 11173: 11170: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11142: 11139: 11138: 11137: 11134: 11130: 11129:Breastfeeding 11127: 11126: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11100: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11078:Milk delivery 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11034: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11011: 11010:Crème fraîche 11008: 11007: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10969: 10966: 10965: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10914: 10908: 10907:Ultrafiltered 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10812: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10771: 10766: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10730: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10695: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10678: 10673: 10671: 10666: 10664: 10659: 10658: 10655: 10635: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10622: 10612: 10610: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10599: 10594: 10588: 10586: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10547: 10543: 10525: 10523: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10509: 10507: 10505: 10504:C. bactrianus 10500: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10494: 10489: 10483: 10481: 10476: 10474: 10472: 10467: 10465: 10463: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10444: 10443: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10415: 10411: 10393: 10391: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10369: 10367: 10362: 10361: 10359: 10357: 10356: 10351: 10345: 10343: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10318: 10308: 10306: 10305:S. verrucosus 10301: 10299: 10297: 10292: 10290: 10288: 10283: 10281: 10279: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10256: 10254: 10252: 10251:S. domesticus 10247: 10245: 10243: 10242:S. celebensis 10238: 10236: 10234: 10229: 10227: 10225: 10220: 10218: 10216: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10194: 10192: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10172: 10171:Potamochoerus 10167: 10161: 10159: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10148: 10143: 10137: 10135: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10115: 10110: 10104: 10102: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10091: 10086: 10080: 10078: 10073: 10071: 10069: 10068:B. celebensis 10064: 10062: 10060: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10049: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10021: 10017: 9999: 9997: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9986: 9981: 9975: 9973: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9952:Blue duiker ( 9950: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9944: 9939: 9933: 9931: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9899: 9897: 9895: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9867:C. nigrifrons 9863: 9861: 9859: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9849:C. natalensis 9845: 9843: 9841: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9827: 9825: 9823: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9795:C. callipygus 9791: 9789: 9787: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9767: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9753: 9743: 9741: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9727: 9725: 9723: 9722:R. campestris 9718: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9701: 9699: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9689: 9688: 9683: 9677: 9675: 9674:O. oreotragus 9670: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9664: 9659: 9653: 9651: 9646: 9644: 9642: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9617: 9611: 9609: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9571: 9566: 9560: 9558: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9547: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9533: 9523: 9521: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9511: 9510: 9505: 9499: 9497: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9487: 9486: 9481: 9478: 9474: 9464: 9462: 9457: 9455: 9453: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9434: 9433: 9428: 9422: 9420: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9368: 9362: 9360: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9344: 9338: 9336: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9317:G. leptoceros 9313: 9311: 9309: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9295: 9293: 9291: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9262: 9257: 9251: 9249: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9221:E. albonotata 9217: 9216: 9214: 9212: 9211: 9206: 9200: 9198: 9197:A. cervicapra 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9176: 9174: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9164: 9163: 9158: 9152: 9150: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9115: 9111: 9104: 9100: 9082: 9080: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9068:Giant eland ( 9066: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9049: 9047: 9046:T. sylvaticus 9042: 9040: 9038: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9008:Lesser kudu ( 9006: 9004: 9002: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8970: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8937: 8935: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8924: 8919: 8913: 8911: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8900: 8895: 8889: 8887: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8823:B. domesticus 8821:Bali cattle ( 8819: 8817: 8815: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8795: 8790: 8784: 8782: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8735: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8721: 8711: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8693: 8687: 8685: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8650: 8646: 8639: 8635: 8621: 8619: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8564: 8562: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8530: 8528: 8526: 8525:O. canadensis 8521: 8519: 8517: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8486: 8484: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8473: 8472:Nilgiritragus 8468: 8462: 8460: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8435:O. americanus 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8414: 8412: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8363: 8361: 8360:H. jemlahicus 8356: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8345: 8339: 8337: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8299: 8294: 8288: 8286: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8256:Nubian ibex ( 8254: 8252: 8250: 8247:Alpine ibex ( 8245: 8243: 8241: 8236: 8234: 8232: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8218: 8216: 8214: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8189: 8183: 8181: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8165: 8159: 8157: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8135: 8133: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8122: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8092: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8038: 8036: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8014:Pantholopinae 8011: 8001: 7999: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7974: 7968: 7966: 7965:A. buselaphus 7961: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7944: 7942: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7911: 7909: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7898: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7869:Grey rhebok ( 7867: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7837: 7835: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7813:Aepycerotinae 7810: 7800: 7798: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7769: 7764: 7758: 7756: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7744:Nile lechwe ( 7742: 7740: 7738: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7695: 7685: 7683: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7661: 7659: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7610: 7608: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7577:Hippotraginae 7574: 7570: 7565: 7558: 7554: 7536: 7534: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7500: 7494: 7492: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7460: 7458: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7424: 7423:B. dichotomus 7419: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7408: 7402: 7400: 7397:Pampas deer ( 7395: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7389: 7384: 7378: 7376: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7357:M. nemorivaga 7353: 7351: 7349: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7301:Red brocket ( 7299: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7282: 7280: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7270:H. antisensis 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7249: 7247: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7225: 7223: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7198: 7192: 7190: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7168: 7166: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7131: 7129: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7110:C. canadensis 7106: 7104: 7102: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7071: 7069: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7059:R. timorensis 7055: 7053: 7051: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7017:E. davidianus 7013: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7002: 6996: 6994: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6984:R. duvaucelii 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6963: 6961: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6949:Bawean deer ( 6947: 6945: 6943: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6885: 6879: 6877: 6874:Tufted deer ( 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6807:M. putaoensis 6803: 6801: 6799: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6753:M. crinifrons 6749: 6747: 6745: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6711: 6704: 6700: 6686: 6684: 6680: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6658: 6656: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6646:T. versicolor 6642: 6640: 6638: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6589: 6587: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6558: 6553: 6547: 6545: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6510: 6508: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6453:M. anhuiensis 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6419: 6417: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6407:G. reticulata 6403: 6401: 6399: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6368: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6331: 6329: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6262: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6243: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6223: 6221: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6153: 6151: 6143: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6121: 6113: 6107: 6102: 6101: 6092: 6090: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6039: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6009: 6005: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5983: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5912: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5838: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5807: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5691: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5497: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5436: 5428: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5371: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5330: 5320: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5282: 5274: 5270: 5269: 5268:Health Canada 5264: 5258: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5225: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5191: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5155: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4935: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4900: 4891: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4842: 4836: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4678: 4674: 4673:Lohmann Group 4670: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4624: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4600:Goat Medicine 4595: 4588: 4582: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4562: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4526: 4519: 4514: 4507: 4501: 4490: 4483: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4409: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4381:Goat Medicine 4374: 4367: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4343: 4336: 4324: 4320: 4319: 4311: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4291: 4284: 4278: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4250: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4178: 4176: 4168: 4165:Fowler, M.E. 4162: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3957: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3908: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3833:Goat Medicine 3826: 3824: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3807: 3802: 3800: 3792: 3786: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3730: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3707: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3616: 3614: 3605: 3592: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3426:(2): 94–102. 3425: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3403: 3397: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3343: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3252: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3211:Great Britain 3208: 3204: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3118: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2798:and Northern 2797: 2793: 2784: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2763:According to 2761: 2759: 2755: 2747: 2746: 2740: 2730: 2727: 2719: 2716:December 2008 2709: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2693:This section 2691: 2687: 2682: 2681: 2673: 2671: 2665: 2663: 2658: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2622: 2612: 2609: 2601: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2572: 2567:This section 2565: 2561: 2556: 2555: 2547: 2545: 2542:, chaffhaye, 2541: 2536: 2534: 2525: 2516: 2514: 2513:animal-rights 2509: 2505: 2504:combat medics 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2468: 2463: 2457:Land clearing 2454: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2417:cashmere wool 2414: 2413:cashmere goat 2410: 2406: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2380: 2375: 2366: 2364: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2086:Constituents 2085: 2084: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1973: 1972:in the body. 1971: 1967: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1927:Health Canada 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1855:beta-carotene 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1769: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1741:United States 1738: 1735: 1734:South African 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1609: 1605: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1554: 1545: 1543: 1533: 1531: 1525: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1424: 1421: 1413: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1387:This section 1385: 1381: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1362: 1353: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1308: 1298: 1296: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1199: 1196: 1193:animals, not 1192: 1188: 1179: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1109: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1040: 1030: 1027: 1019: 1009: 1005: 999: 998: 993:This section 991: 987: 982: 981: 976: 966: 963: 956: 951: 947: 945: 936: 931: 927: 924: 916: 893: 891: 887: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 842: 834: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 744: 740: 731: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 691:are found in 690: 685: 681: 677: 675: 671: 662: 656: 651: 646: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 589: 585: 581: 577: 574: 570: 567: 563: 560: 556: 553: 549: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 519: 515: 511: 503: 499: 498:Ağrı Mountain 494: 486: 477: 475: 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 401:goat-antelope 399: 395: 394: 389: 388:domestic goat 385: 365: 361: 360:Capra reversa 354: 347: 340: 335: 332: 328: 324: 320: 315: 313: 307: 304: 303:Binomial name 300: 296: 295: 290: 287: 286: 283: 282: 278: 275: 274: 271: 268: 265: 264: 261: 258: 255: 254: 251: 248: 245: 244: 241: 238: 235: 234: 231: 228: 225: 224: 221: 218: 215: 214: 211: 208: 205: 204: 201: 198: 195: 194: 189: 184: 180: 174:Domesticated 171: 167: 162: 159: 155: 150: 146: 141: 136: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 62: 53:Domestic goat 51: 48: 44: 37: 33: 32:Capra (genus) 19: 11236:Capra hircus 11205: 10608: 10596: 10585:H. amphibius 10584: 10574:Hippopotamus 10572: 10552:Whippomorpha 10521: 10512: 10503: 10491: 10479: 10470: 10461: 10452: 10440: 10389: 10377: 10365: 10353: 10341: 10329: 10304: 10295: 10286: 10277: 10268: 10259: 10250: 10241: 10233:S. cebifrons 10232: 10223: 10214: 10202: 10190: 10181: 10169: 10157: 10145: 10134:P. africanus 10133: 10124: 10114:Phacochoerus 10112: 10100: 10088: 10076: 10067: 10059:B. babyrussa 10058: 10046: 9995: 9983: 9971: 9963:P. maxwellii 9962: 9954:P. monticola 9953: 9941: 9929: 9920: 9911: 9902: 9894:C. rufilatus 9893: 9884: 9875: 9866: 9857: 9848: 9839: 9830: 9821: 9812: 9811:Bay duiker ( 9804:C. crusalbum 9803: 9794: 9785: 9776: 9764: 9756:Cephalophini 9739: 9731:R. melanotis 9730: 9721: 9709: 9697: 9685: 9673: 9661: 9649: 9641:N. moschatus 9640: 9631: 9619: 9607: 9598: 9589: 9581:M. guentheri 9580: 9568: 9557:D. megalotis 9556: 9544: 9519: 9507: 9496:P. hodgsonii 9495: 9483: 9460: 9451: 9443:P. gutturosa 9442: 9430: 9418: 9409: 9400: 9391: 9382: 9370: 9358: 9346: 9334: 9325: 9316: 9307: 9299:G. erlangeri 9298: 9289: 9280: 9272:G. bennettii 9271: 9259: 9247: 9239:E. thomsonii 9238: 9230:E. rufifrons 9229: 9220: 9208: 9196: 9184: 9172: 9160: 9148: 9136: 9078: 9070:T. derbianus 9069: 9057: 9045: 9036: 9027: 9018: 9009: 9001:T. eurycerus 9000: 8991: 8982: 8958: 8950:Tragelaphini 8933: 8921: 8909: 8897: 8885: 8876: 8868:B. javanicus 8867: 8858: 8850:B. grunniens 8849: 8840: 8832:B. frontalis 8831: 8822: 8813: 8804: 8792: 8780: 8771: 8762: 8753: 8744: 8732: 8707: 8695: 8683: 8671: 8618:R. rupicapra 8617: 8609:R. pyrenaica 8608: 8596: 8584: 8572: 8560: 8551: 8550:Snow sheep ( 8542: 8533: 8532:Dall sheep ( 8524: 8515: 8506: 8494: 8483:N. hylocrius 8482: 8470: 8459:O. moschatus 8458: 8446: 8434: 8422: 8410: 8401: 8392: 8383: 8371: 8359: 8347: 8335: 8326: 8317: 8308: 8296: 8284: 8283:Walia ibex ( 8275: 8267:C. pyrenaica 8266: 8257: 8248: 8239: 8231:C. falconeri 8230: 8221: 8212: 8203: 8191: 8180:B. taxicolor 8179: 8167: 8155: 8143: 8131: 8119: 8035:P. hodgsonii 8034: 8022: 7997: 7988: 7978:Connochaetes 7976: 7964: 7963:Hartebeest ( 7952: 7940: 7931: 7919: 7907: 7895: 7887:Alcelaphinae 7871:P. capreolus 7870: 7858: 7833: 7821: 7796: 7787: 7779:R. arundinum 7778: 7766: 7754: 7746:K. megaceros 7745: 7736: 7727: 7718: 7706: 7681: 7669: 7657: 7648: 7639: 7630: 7618: 7606: 7597: 7585: 7532: 7523: 7514: 7502: 7490: 7481: 7468: 7456: 7446: 7434: 7422: 7421:Marsh deer ( 7410: 7398: 7386: 7374: 7365: 7356: 7347: 7338: 7329: 7320: 7311: 7303:M. americana 7302: 7290: 7278: 7269: 7259:Hippocamelus 7257: 7245: 7233: 7221: 7213:C. capreolus 7212: 7200: 7188: 7187:Water deer ( 7176: 7164: 7152: 7127: 7118: 7109: 7100: 7091: 7079: 7067: 7058: 7050:R. mariannus 7049: 7040: 7028: 7016: 7004: 6992: 6991:Eld's deer ( 6983: 6982:Barasingha ( 6971: 6959: 6950: 6941: 6932: 6920: 6908: 6899: 6887: 6875: 6863: 6851: 6843:M. vaginalis 6842: 6833: 6824: 6815: 6806: 6797: 6788: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6744:M. atherodes 6743: 6731: 6654: 6645: 6637:T. nigricans 6636: 6627: 6618: 6610:T. javanicus 6609: 6597: 6585: 6576: 6567: 6555: 6544:H. aquaticus 6543: 6531: 6506: 6497: 6488: 6479: 6470: 6461: 6452: 6440: 6415: 6406: 6397: 6388: 6376: 6365:O. johnstoni 6364: 6352: 6328:A. americana 6327: 6315: 6277:Superorder: 6271:Infraclass: 6242:Artiodactyla 6165:the original 6158: 6150:Capra hircus 6149: 6142: 6126: 6120: 6099: 6076:. Retrieved 6072:the original 6062: 6037: 6012:. Retrieved 5992: 5982: 5962: 5950:. Retrieved 5925: 5921: 5911: 5899:. Retrieved 5890: 5881: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5825:. Retrieved 5817:ScienceAlert 5816: 5806: 5798:the original 5793: 5783: 5771:. Retrieved 5762: 5752: 5740:. Retrieved 5731: 5721: 5709:. Retrieved 5700: 5690: 5678:. Retrieved 5674:the original 5669: 5660: 5648:. Retrieved 5639: 5630: 5618:. Retrieved 5609: 5599: 5587:. Retrieved 5578: 5569: 5557:. Retrieved 5546: 5519:. Retrieved 5515:the original 5505: 5496: 5484:. Retrieved 5480:the original 5475: 5466: 5454:. Retrieved 5450:the original 5445: 5435: 5392: 5388: 5378: 5359: 5353: 5345:the original 5340: 5319: 5307:. Retrieved 5287: 5281: 5273:the original 5266: 5257: 5245:. Retrieved 5241:the original 5236: 5211:. Retrieved 5202: 5190: 5178:. Retrieved 5171:the original 5154: 5142:. Retrieved 5109: 5105: 5095: 5083:. Retrieved 5079:the original 5074: 5065: 5057:the original 5052: 5043: 5024: 5015: 5006: 4994:. Retrieved 4985:. Malaysia. 4982: 4949: 4945: 4933: 4927: 4915:. Retrieved 4905: 4899: 4890: 4880:February 20, 4878:. Retrieved 4857: 4847: 4835: 4823:. Retrieved 4814: 4805: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4744:. Retrieved 4735: 4726: 4714:. Retrieved 4705: 4696: 4686:February 20, 4684:. Retrieved 4668: 4664: 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4613: 4607: 4599: 4598:Smith, M.C. 4594: 4586: 4581: 4561: 4549:. Retrieved 4537: 4525: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4500: 4489:the original 4476: 4466:December 31, 4464:. Retrieved 4455: 4445: 4433:. Retrieved 4424: 4415: 4407: 4400:. Retrieved 4380: 4373: 4364: 4349: 4342: 4334: 4327:. Retrieved 4317: 4310: 4290: 4282: 4277: 4266:, retrieved 4256: 4249: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4194:, retrieved 4184: 4166: 4161: 4151:September 8, 4149:. Retrieved 4141:ScienceAlert 4140: 4130: 4118:. Retrieved 4088:(1): 60–65. 4085: 4081: 4071: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4020:November 12, 4018:. Retrieved 4014:the original 4009: 4000: 3990:November 12, 3988:. Retrieved 3984:the original 3979: 3969: 3961: 3956: 3944:. Retrieved 3935: 3926: 3907: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3852:. Retrieved 3832: 3790: 3785: 3776: 3743: 3740:The Holocene 3739: 3729: 3721: 3706: 3694:. Retrieved 3685: 3675: 3630: 3626: 3591:cite journal 3579:. Retrieved 3546:. Retrieved 3542: 3533: 3521:. Retrieved 3517: 3508: 3496:. Retrieved 3494:. March 2024 3491: 3488:"billy-goat" 3482: 3470:. Retrieved 3465: 3462:"nanny-goat" 3456: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3401: 3396: 3385:, retrieved 3381:the original 3371: 3365: 3357:the original 3352: 3342: 3330:. Retrieved 3297: 3293: 3283: 3273: 3199: 3154: 3115: 3088: 3041: 3039: 3035:Ostrobothnia 3010: 3002: 2996: 2951: 2923:superstition 2908: 2877: 2860: 2840: 2828: 2814:, both with 2796:Scandinavian 2789: 2762: 2751: 2743: 2722: 2713: 2702:Please help 2697:verification 2694: 2666: 2659: 2651: 2642:conformation 2631: 2604: 2595: 2580:Please help 2568: 2537: 2530: 2501: 2472: 2434: 2421: 2402: 2383: 2360: 2260:Cholesterol 2023:Lactose (g) 2009:Protein (g) 1981:Constituent 1962: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1868: 1842: 1841:is known as 1832: 1814: 1802: 1795: 1788: 1784:organic farm 1720:; it can be 1676:, the word " 1655: 1622: 1618: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597:Burkina Faso 1582: 1562: 1539: 1527: 1493: 1481:impoverished 1462: 1458:Limarí River 1416: 1407: 1396:Please help 1391:verification 1388: 1370:Goat farming 1350: 1334:tuberculosis 1330:pseudorabies 1310: 1292: 1281: 1250: 1224: 1208:free-ranging 1200: 1184: 1165: 1149: 1114: 1091: 1075: 1049: 1045: 1022: 1013: 1002:Please help 997:verification 994: 969:Reproduction 959: 940: 920: 883: 860:of the goat 858:agouti locus 857: 847: 800: 749: 737: 721: 717:Western Asia 678: 667: 632: 628: 624: 620: 615: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 579: 575: 568: 561: 554: 547: 528: 520: 513: 507: 468: 445: 416: 409:domesticated 398:domesticated 393:Capra hircus 392: 391: 387: 383: 381: 359: 352: 345: 338: 337: 312:Capra hircus 311: 309: 293: 292: 280: 240:Artiodactyla 59:0.01–0 47: 18:Capra hircus 11245:iNaturalist 11230:Wikispecies 11063:Milk carton 10867:Pasteurized 10462:L. guanicoe 10321:Tayassuidae 10285:Wild boar ( 10224:S. barbatus 10182:P. larvatus 10158:P. salvania 10156:Pygmy hog ( 10090:Hylochoerus 9943:Philantomba 9831:C. jentinki 9813:C. dorsalis 9766:Cephalophus 9650:N. pygmaeus 9608:M. saltiana 9546:Dorcatragus 9520:S. tatarica 9410:N. petersii 9348:Litocranius 9248:E. tilonura 9195:Blackbuck ( 9171:Springbok ( 9114:Antilopinae 9112:(subfamily 9059:Taurotragus 9026:Sitatunga ( 9019:T. scriptus 9010:T. imberbis 8967:(including 8960:Tragelaphus 8781:B. quarlesi 8663:Boselaphini 8647:(subfamily 8552:O. nivicola 8393:N. caudatus 8382:Red goral ( 8373:Naemorhedus 8336:C. swinhoei 8316:Red serow ( 8298:Capricornis 8276:C. sibirica 8213:C. caucasia 8204:C. aegagrus 8202:Wild goat ( 8156:A. jayakari 8145:Arabitragus 8104:(subfamily 8075:Antilopinae 7998:C. taurinus 7941:D. pygargus 7834:A. melampus 7755:K. vardonii 7717:Waterbuck ( 7658:O. leucoryx 7587:Hippotragus 7515:O. hemionus 7513:Mule deer ( 7412:Blastocerus 7321:M. bricenii 7279:H. bisulcus 7246:R. tarandus 7222:C. pygargus 7144:Capreolinae 7126:Sika deer ( 7068:R. unicolor 7057:Rusa deer ( 6960:A. porcinus 6780:M. montanus 6577:M. kathygre 6326:Pronghorn ( 6317:Antilocapra 6078:January 13, 5341:whfoods.org 5309:October 25, 4825:October 25, 4815:www.fao.org 4616:. Saunders. 3946:October 17, 3468:. July 2023 3387:January 19, 3207:New Zealand 3179:Feral goats 3060:facial hair 3019:Santa Claus 3011:Nuuttipukki 3003:Nuutinpäivä 2927:Middle Ages 2917:associated 2873:Rambouillet 2818:roots. The 2480:Rent A Goat 2405:guard hairs 2379:Angora goat 1984:Doe (goat) 1966:the A2 form 1876:brucellosis 1839:Goat cheese 1798:homogenized 1745:New Zealand 1658:spring lamb 1593:smallholder 1570:adolescents 1442:Norte Chico 1356:Agriculture 1338:brucellosis 1284:monogastric 1277:Listeriosis 1134:, and even 960:A study by 850:pheomelanin 782:) may have 780:pygmy goats 670:bezoar ibex 518:Old English 516:comes from 464:goat cheese 413:bezoar ibex 256:Subfamily: 11280:Categories 11093:Tetra Brik 11073:Milk crate 11068:Milk churn 11043:Bag-in-box 11036:Containers 11005:Sour cream 10933:Buttermilk 10845:Watermelon 10835:Strawberry 10800:Evaporated 10790:Carbonated 10598:Choeropsis 10480:L. vicugna 10366:C. wagneri 10269:S. oliveri 10260:S. heureni 9996:S. grimmia 9985:Sylvicapra 9972:P. walteri 9885:C. rubidis 9876:C. ogilbyi 9822:C. harveyi 9786:C. brookei 9740:R. sharpei 9720:Steenbok ( 9711:Raphicerus 9663:Oreotragus 9536:Neotragini 9485:Pantholops 9401:N. notatus 9359:L. walleri 9308:G. gazella 9281:G. cuvieri 9270:Chinkara ( 9162:Antidorcas 9149:A. clarkei 9138:Ammodorcas 9128:Antilopini 9028:T. spekeii 8992:T. buxtoni 8983:T. angasii 8875:Wild yak ( 8859:B. indicus 8814:B. bonasus 8754:B. bubalis 8697:Boselaphus 8673:Tetracerus 8543:O. gmelini 8411:N. griseus 8384:N. baileyi 8349:Hemitragus 8318:C. rubidus 8309:C. crispus 8258:C. nubiana 8121:Ammotragus 8024:Pantholops 7954:Alcelaphus 7939:Bontebok ( 7932:D. lunatus 7921:Damaliscus 7908:B. hunteri 7797:R. redunca 7698:Reduncinae 7649:O. gazella 7598:H. equinus 7524:O. pandora 7504:Odocoileus 7388:Ozotoceros 7244:Reindeer ( 7189:H. inermis 7178:Hydropotes 7101:C. elaphus 7099:Red deer ( 7041:R. alfredi 6958:Hog deer ( 6816:M. reevesi 6789:M. muntjak 6619:T. kanchil 6586:M. meminna 6533:Hyemoschus 6523:Tragulidae 6480:M. cupreus 6398:G. giraffa 6344:Giraffidae 6295:Ruminantia 6111:0802824005 5891:The Spruce 5247:August 12, 5205:. London. 5106:Pediatrics 5038:, adga.org 4906:Milk Goats 4870:10568/2238 4518:Wild China 4402:October 5, 4268:August 29, 3854:October 5, 3247:References 3236:Goat tower 3185:Feral goat 3107:Yom Kippur 3083:human body 3015:birch bark 2947:Black Mass 2820:Gävle Goat 2812:wassailing 2598:April 2018 2508:mannequins 2488:poison oak 2424:South Asia 1938:alkalinity 1892:vitamins C 1847:Rocamadour 1772:See also: 1710:barbecuing 1666:Bangladesh 1638:See also: 1530:pack goats 1508:cornucopia 1491:purposes. 1444:region in 1273:mycotoxins 1243:Nightshade 1229:, such as 1204:starvation 1145:herbivores 1132:quintuplet 1128:quadruplet 1102:bloodlines 884:Goats are 817:, and the 801:Goats are 770:and other 756:polycerate 705:Choga Mami 693:Ganj Dareh 611:billy goat 607:Nanny goat 441:calibrated 158:tree stump 154:pygmy goat 11311:Livestock 11124:Lactation 10995:Milkshake 10963:Ice cream 10820:Chocolate 10795:Condensed 10733:Colostrum 10550:Suborder 10460:Guanaco ( 10432:Camelidae 10418:Suborder 10390:D. tajacu 10379:Dicotyles 10355:Catagonus 10342:T. pecari 10287:S. scrofa 10191:P. porcus 10180:Bushpig ( 10048:Babyrousa 10024:Suborder 9921:C. weynsi 9912:C. spadix 9777:C. adersi 9698:O. ourebi 9632:N. batesi 9621:Neotragus 9590:M. kirkii 9392:N. granti 9357:Gerenuk ( 9326:G. spekei 9290:G. dorcas 9147:Dibatag ( 8934:S. caffer 8899:Pseudoryx 8886:B. taurus 8866:Banteng ( 8841:B. gaurus 8770:Tamaraw ( 8616:Chamois ( 8598:Rupicapra 8585:P. nayaur 8561:O. vignei 8541:Mouflon ( 8240:C. hircus 8229:Markhor ( 8132:A. lervia 7897:Beatragus 7823:Aepyceros 7647:Gemsbok ( 7640:O. dammah 7482:P. carlae 7375:M. temama 7366:M. rufina 7330:M. chunyi 7312:M. bororo 7202:Capreolus 7128:C. nippon 7119:C. hanglu 7006:Elaphurus 6951:A. kuhlii 6865:Elaphodus 6733:Muntiacus 6568:M. indica 6557:Moschiola 6489:M. fuscus 6432:Moschidae 6293:Suborder 6253:Kingdom: 5942:0921-4488 5901:April 19, 5827:April 18, 5680:April 24, 5589:April 24, 5559:April 24, 5521:August 3, 5409:1225-8563 4996:March 27, 4811:"FAOSTAT" 4732:"FAOSTAT" 4102:1090-0233 4041:Hereditas 3891:0031-935X 3768:0959-6836 3581:March 27, 3548:March 26, 3523:March 26, 3498:March 24, 3472:March 24, 3440:0009-837X 3275:About.com 3215:Galapagos 3203:Australia 3165:pentagram 3157:the devil 3111:scapegoat 3027:Satakunta 2977:occultism 2965:pentagram 2961:religions 2911:Christian 2894:'s tail. 2884:Capricorn 2836:pan flute 2807:Christmas 2792:Yule Goat 2569:does not 2065:Calories 1940:, higher 1908:vitamin B 1865:Nutrition 1859:vitamin A 1825:ice cream 1810:butterfat 1806:lactation 1768:Goat milk 1756:Tennessee 1662:Caribbean 1650:Boer goat 1634:Goat meat 1566:goatherds 1548:Husbandry 1477:charities 1438:husbandry 1410:June 2021 1314:pneumonia 1295:livestock 1235:shrubbery 1187:cardboard 1153:lactation 1136:sextuplet 1116:Gestation 1016:June 2021 975:goatse.cx 827:Boer goat 811:reticulum 803:ruminants 728:parchment 680:Neolithic 655:Atlit Yam 617:Castrated 545:Norwegian 541:Icelandic 496:Goats in 480:Etymology 411:from the 407:. 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