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Capitalization

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2600:, these are treated the same way in uppercase whether the text is capitalized or all-uppercase. They may be always preserved (as in German) or always omitted (as in Greek) or often omitted (as in French). Some attribute this to the fact that diacritics on capital letters were not available earlier on typewriters, and it is now becoming more common to preserve them in French and Spanish (in both languages the rule is to preserve them, although in France and Mexico, for instance, schoolchildren are often erroneously taught that they should not add diacritics on capital letters). 1128: 5090: 47: 1738: 165: 2182:. Capital letters only. This style can be used for headlines and book or chapter titles at the top of a book page. It is commonly used in transcribed speech to indicate that a person is shouting, or to indicate a hectoring and obnoxious speaker. For this reason, it is generally discouraged. Long spans of Latin-alphabet text in all uppercase are harder to read because of the absence of the 2138:. All words capitalized, except for certain subsets defined by rules that are not universally standardized, often minor words such as "the" (as above), "of", or "and". Other commonly lowercase words are prepositions and coordinating conjunctions. The standardization is only at the level of house styles and individual 1978:
For some items, many style guides recommend that initial capitalization be avoided by not putting the item at the beginning of a sentence, or by writing it in lowercase even at the beginning of a sentence. Such scientific terms have their own rules about capitalization which take precedence over the
2341:
or when use of the lower case has been granted to some noble family. An exception for the rule that a Dutch name starts with an uppercase letter under all circumstances (including at the start of a sentence) is included in the general capitalization rule: "If the sentence begins with an apostrophe,
1473:
that refer to a specific entity, such as "Tenant" and "Lessor", are often capitalized. More specifically, in legal documents, terms which are formally defined elsewhere in the document or a related document (often in a schedule of definitions) are capitalized to indicate that that is the case, and
1794:, in which case it is capitalized, or as a combination of an established proper noun with a normal adjective or noun, in which case the latter are not capitalized. There are no universally agreed lists of English geographic terms which are considered as proper nouns. The following are 2802:(usually considered as a single letter) can be capitalized in two ways: Ch or CH. In general only the first part is capitalized (Ch), unless the whole text is written in capital letters (then it is written CH). In acronyms both parts are usually capitalized, such as VŠCHT for 2451:
Americans with non-Anglophone surnames often have not followed the orthographic conventions usual in the language communities of their extraction (or the US immigration authorities flouted the orthographic rules for them when they arrived at ports of entry like
2106:. Generally equivalent to the baseline universal standard of formal English orthography mentioned above; that is, only the first word is capitalized, except for proper nouns and other words which are generally capitalized by a more specific rule. 2075:, in which certain words (such as nouns, adjectives and verbs) are capitalized and others (such as prepositions and conjunctions) are not. In the U.K., titles of works use title case, but headlines generally use sentence case (or all caps in 2483:
recommends that the titles of English-language artistic works (plays, novels, essays, paintings, etc.) capitalize the first word and the last word in the title. Additionally, most other words within a title are capitalized as well;
125:
are complicated. The rules have also changed over time, generally to capitalize fewer words. The conventions used in an 18th-century document will be unfamiliar to a modern reader; for instance, many common nouns were capitalized.
2611:
prior to 1982, accents were omitted in all-uppercase words, but kept as part of an uppercase initial (written before rather than above the letter). The latter situation is provided for by title-case characters in Unicode. When
863:
are customarily and reverentially capitalized as such, particularly in most digital and printed media related to religion and its references. Purists who consider this rule as nonstandard and inconsistent do not apply it when
2202:. In addition, if all caps must be used, it is customary in headings of a few words to slightly widen the spacing between the letters, by around 10% of the point height. This practice is known as tracking or letterspacing. 2421:
The remaining part of such a name, following the particle, is always capitalized if it is set off with a space as a separate word, or if the particle was not capitalized. It is normally capitalized if the particle is
2456:). As there are no universally accepted capitalization rules in these circumstances to serve as a guideline the best policy would seem to be to use the style that dominates for that person in reliable sources; for a 2246:. Noun phrases are in this context treated as if they were nouns. So the general rule that nouns-as-names are capitalized in principle applies to compound names and noun-phrases-as-names as well. There are, however, 2506:
Capitalize major words in titles of books and articles within the body of the paper. Conjunctions, articles, and short prepositions are not considered major words; however, capitalize all words of four letters or
2109:
A variation is mid-sentence case which is identical to sentence case except that the first word is not capitalized (unless it would be capitalized by another rule). This type of letter case is used for entries in
2620:, where only the acute accent is used, the same rule is applied. The accent is omitted in all-uppercase words but it is kept as part of an uppercase initial (written before the letter rather than above it). The 4054:
Council of Science Editors, Style Manual Committee. Scientific Style and format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers, 7th ed. Reston (VA): The Council; 2006. Section 9.7.3, P. 120.
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the capitalization of a surname follows the orthography as used for the person's name in the Belgian population register and on his or her identification card., except when introducing a title of
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have historically been written in all-caps, British, Finnish, Swedish and some German usage has moved towards capitalizing only the first letter in cases when these are pronounced as words (e.g.
2005:, for example 2 MA (megamperes) is a billion times 2 mA (milliamperes). Increasingly nowadays, some trademarks and company names start with a lowercase letter, and similar considerations apply. 2008:
When the first letters of a word have been omitted and replaced by an apostrophe, the first letter in a sentence is usually left uncapitalized in English and certain other languages, as "
1823:
In other cases, do not capitalize the points of the compass (north China, southeast London) or other adjectives (western Arizona, central New Mexico, upper Yangtze, lower Rio Grande)
91:) for different languages have different conventions for capitalization, for example, the capitalization of titles. Conventions also vary, to a lesser extent, between different 3650:
Jason Santa Maria, creative director of Happy Cog Studios, which designs Web sites, detected a basic breach of netiquette. "Hillary's text is all caps, like shouting," he said.
2333:; in a surname are capitalized unless a given name, initial, or other family name. precedes it Other affixes in the noun phrase (if present) are left lowercase. However, in 2791:, these "title-case" forms have become less common than 2-character equivalents; nevertheless they can be represented as single title-case characters in Unicode (Dž, Lj, Nj). 1943:
When a term is used as a name and then subsequently a shorter term is used, then that shorter term may be used generically. If that is the case do not capitalize. ("The
1518:
The governing body of English solicitors is correctly referred to as The Law Society. (In general any organisation may choose a name starting with a capitalized "The".)
80:; all other meanings) is writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter (uppercase letter) and the remaining letters in lower case, in writing systems with a 3532: 1075:, "I come from Le Havre"). In other European languages, it is much more common for the article to be treated as integral to the name, but it may not be capitalized ( 4675: 3632: 1975:
texts. The distinction between lower and upper case was not introduced before the Middle Ages; in antiquity only the capital forms of letters were used.
2648:, the corresponding uppercase form is used in capitalization; where it is written as two separate characters, only the first will be capitalized. Thus 2975: 413:, the traditional rules (which are still widely adhered to, although not taught in schools) also capitalized the informal 2nd-person singular pronoun 3349: 2342:
the following full word is capitalized." This also applies to Dutch names that begin with a contraction that consists of an apostrophe and a letter.
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found in lowercase letters, which can aid recognition. In professional documents, a commonly preferred alternative to all caps text is the use of
512:, the second-person plural pronoun can be used when formally addressing a single person, and in writing the pronoun is sometimes capitalized as 2807: 1964:
is capitalized, as is the first word in any quoted sentence. (For example, in English: Nana said, "There are ripe watermelons in the garden!")
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Other languages may capitalize the initial letter of the orthographic word, even if it is not present in the base, as with definite nouns in
2097: 2626:(diaeresis) should also always be used in all-uppercase words (even in cases where they are not needed when writing in lowercase, e.g. 1935:: western China, southern Beijing, western Mongolia, eastern Africa, northern North Korea, the central Gobi, the lower Yangtze River. 39: 3122: 1298:. As a general rule, names are not capitalized, unless they are part of an official list of names, in which case they have become 1055: 2457: 1179:
Some speakers of Eastern Slavic languages associate capitalization with respect and decapitalize proper nouns to show disrespect.
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In English-language addresses, the noun following the proper name of a street is capitalized, whether or not it is abbreviated:
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the name of a particular concept or object is capitalized when the writer wants to emphasize its importance and significance.
237: 409:, etc.), but these words are not capitalized when used as 3rd-person feminine singular or plural pronouns. Until the recent 147:, questionable capitalization of words is not uncommon, even in respected newspapers and magazines. Most publishers require 4119: 3452: 3376: 209: 1532:
derived from proper nouns (except the names of characters in fictional works) usually retain their capitalization: e.g. a
812:(Perfected Orthography). However, some people do not know of or choose not to adhere to this spelling rule. In contrast, 3328: 1790:
The capitalization of geographic terms in English text generally depends on whether the author perceives the term as a
730:) to express formality for both subject and object of a sentence, but is very rarely used in modern speech and writing. 1208:. In other languages, practice varies, but almost all languages other than German and Luxembourgish (which capitalize 332:; some capitalize "Thy Name". These practices have become much less common in English in the 20th and 21st centuries. 216: 3997: 3272: 3064: 1777: 410: 256: 194: 2917:, which are words whose meaning (and sometimes pronunciation) varies with capitalization. For example, the month 1755: 186: 32: 518:
to indicate special regard. In a more familiar tone, one can also capitalize the second-person singular pronoun
223: 1759: 190: 3944: 1723:, a Canadian. Both nouns and adjectives are capitalized in English when referring to nationality or ethnicity. 5044: 3612: 2842:, the capitalized letter may be the initial of the root form rather than the inflected form. For example, in 4929: 4891: 205: 151:, at least within the same document, in applying a specified standard: this is described as "house style". 1833:
Otherwise, do not capitalize a generic term that follows a capitalized generic term (Yangtze River valley)
1647:("Ohm's Law")). In German, if the adjective becomes a noun by using an article or numeral in front of it ( 5075: 4144: 3550: 2474: 2243: 2143: 1944: 1474:
may be several words long, e.g. "the Second Subsidiary Claimant", "the Agreed Conditional Release Date".
17: 4655: 3506: 3362: 2970: 2947: 1132: 988: 977: 310: 3974: 4301: 3694: 3486: 2955: 2727: 122: 2750:. Both letters are capitalized even though they are printed separately when using a computer, as in 336: 5059: 4876: 4547: 4484: 4189: 4112: 3102: 2489: 2268: 1798:
of rules that some British and U.S. publishers have established in style guides for their authors:
175: 1659:(a beautiful one)), it is capitalized like any other noun, as are nouns formed from proper nouns ( 1121:, whose name is often written without capitals, did not do so himself: the usage derives from the 129:
The systematic use of capitalized and uncapitalized words in running text is called "mixed case".
5114: 4015: 3858: 3772: 3169: 2873: 2497: 2480: 1748: 1443: 1405: 339:, singular and plural object, subject, and possessive forms get capitalization if referring to a 179: 2239: 458:, though this is formally only required when referring to a deity and may be considered archaic. 4504: 4227: 3669: 3663: 3085: 3081: 2283: 2215: 1961: 1455: 3926: 3191: 4979: 4479: 4474: 4387: 4374: 4207: 3286: 3060: 2645: 2641: 2617: 2604: 2555: 2326: 2183: 2159: 1329:
Common nouns may be capitalized when used as names for the entire class of such things, e.g.
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is a tourist destination in Poland. Watch out for bears when visiting the national park.")
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Type and Layout: How Typography and Design Can Get your Message Across - Or Get in the Way
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as single letters for the purpose of collation. In general, where one such is formed as a
1816:
This general rule also applies to zones of the Earth's surface (North Temperate Zone, the
8: 5129: 5093: 5054: 4967: 4861: 4716: 4694: 4684: 4552: 4159: 4149: 4105: 3409: 2461: 2297: 791: 376: 287: 3273:
General Guide to Perfected Spelling of the Indonesian Language, Section: Capital Letters
2012:'tis a shame ..." In Dutch, the second word is capitalized instead in this situation: "' 5017: 4944: 4924: 4914: 4886: 4856: 4816: 4443: 4306: 4291: 4232: 4222: 3637: 2839: 2076: 1826:
Capitalize generic geographic terms that are part of a place name (Atlantic Ocean, Mt.
1172:) to be distinctive. When capitals occur within a word, it is sometimes referred to as 984: 941: 683: 565: 559: 348: 298: 50:
The capital letter "A" in the Latin alphabet, followed by its lowercase equivalent, in
4939: 4069: 2665: 1554:. Where the original capital is no longer at the beginning of the word, usage varies: 1314:) are always in lower case. Botanists generally do not capitalize the common names of 4962: 4881: 4836: 4766: 4237: 3993: 3673: 3514: 3433: 3302: 3292: 3212: 3165: 2768: 2512: 2485: 2151: 1334: 1127: 842: 569: 509: 108: 104: 100: 3882: 3743: 3531:
Government of Canada, Public Works and Government Services Canada (8 October 2009).
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Capitalization rules for days, months, demonyms and language-names in many languages
4848: 4801: 4640: 4587: 4448: 4258: 4081: 3437: 3216: 3204: 3114: 3045: 2884: 2293: 2055: 1811: 1807: 1263: 1025: 1017: 964: 838: 746: 573: 534: 505: 462: 428: 394: 69: 3248: 2726:). Presentation forms, however, can use doubled capitals, such as the logo of the 4984: 4871: 4866: 4786: 4754: 4645: 4382: 4184: 4029: 4008:
Vladimir Anić, Josip Silić: "Pravopisni priručnik hrvatskog ili srpskog jezika",
3717: 3456: 3224: 2671: 2255: 1887: 1338: 1318:, though individual words in plant names may be capitalized for another reason: ( 1232: 958: 954: 925: 742: 734: 634: 606:
etc.) in formal correspondence. Historically, the familiar second-person pronoun
384: 271: 3511:
Scientific Style and format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers
3449: 3388: 3063:
of the separable affixes, that has "bonded" with the noun. However, the surname
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ligature (the same applies in Icelandic); examples with separate characters are
1478: 4989: 4934: 4811: 4614: 4438: 4392: 4296: 4164: 3593: 2995: 2843: 2795: 2741: 2693: 2613: 2608: 2546: 1907: 1899: 1879: 1684: 1227:
This capitalization is often absent in older citations and in combined usages:
1118: 1038:
Sometimes, the article is integral to the name, and thus is capitalized (as in
1011:). Multiple-word proper nouns usually follow the traditional English rules for 933: 868: 813: 738: 679:), distinguishing it from the otherwise identical third-person plural pronouns. 661:("in"). The formal second-person pronoun is also capitalized in all its forms ( 450: 112: 2876:
after the genitive plural definite article (i.e., "of the"). The written B is
686:, both second-person singular and plural have a capitalized alternative form ( 27:
Writing a word using an uppercase letter for only the first letter of the word
5108: 4781: 4749: 4739: 4619: 4087: 3490: 3306: 3118: 3089: 2811: 2049: 2026: 1968: 1803: 1466: 1378:
is generally not capitalized if it is used to refer to the generic idea of a
929: 2899:, even though the base form of the word — without the definite article — is 1235:, street names are capitalized when they are proper names; the noun itself ( 5039: 4919: 4806: 4791: 4761: 4721: 4704: 4458: 4428: 4402: 4311: 4154: 4136: 3427: 3208: 2999: 2799: 2710: 2542: 2453: 2242:, and one or more nouns. Examples of the separable affixes may be found in 2139: 1967:
The first word of a sentence is not capitalized in most modern editions of
1895: 1883: 1802:
In general, the first letter is capitalized for well-defined regions, e.g.
1393: 1283: 544: 344: 96: 2275: 1109:
A few individuals have chosen not to use capitals in their names, such as
5034: 5029: 5022: 5012: 4826: 4776: 4731: 4671: 4635: 4606: 4594: 4574: 4397: 4349: 4217: 3816: 3787: 3494: 3220: 3033: 2965: 2960: 2877: 2853: 2780: 2776: 2746: 2493: 2310: 2292:
is however often dropped within a sentence. The same applies to similar
2235: 2195: 2155: 2045: 1923: 1911: 1891: 1864: 1856: 1841: 1791: 1683:
are not capitalized in many European languages such as German, French or
1447: 1323: 1299: 1291: 1161: 1031: 996: 937: 921: 893: 871:, capitalization is used to distinguish the second-person formal pronoun 753:, all pronouns referring to the addressee are capitalized. This includes 328: 306: 142: 138: 92: 88: 81: 3952: 2810:). However, the practice is not unified when writing initial letters of 425:) when used in letters or similar texts, but this is no longer required. 5007: 4821: 4711: 4564: 4557: 4534: 4489: 4453: 4407: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4339: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4128: 3041: 2942: 2784: 2753: 2681: 2191: 2123: 2111: 2072: 1919: 1837: 1762: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1384: 1274: 1173: 1122: 1114: 291: 84:. The term also may refer to the choice of the casing applied to text. 51: 3128:, though a separate affix, is not written with a lowercase letter, as 2230:. Names that are made up of several affixes and one or more nouns are 4499: 4494: 4271: 4199: 3413: 3132:
is not a preposition or a definite article as the exception requires.
2914: 2835: 2597: 2535: 2501: 2492:
are not capitalized. Sources disagree on the details of capitalizing
2223: 2199: 2187: 1927: 1875: 1852: 1827: 1578: – a hyphen must precede a capital in a compound word. 1546: 1529: 1486: 1149: 1145: 1110: 1041: 821: 3121:, Maria de Witt-van Berckel. But: the brothers De Witt. However, in 2288:) is not capitalized (unless it is the first letter of a sentence). 1737: 1408:). Other names for the God of these three Abrahamic faiths, such as 705: 558:
etc., are capitalized (usually in personal correspondence); also in
164: 46: 4972: 4831: 4650: 4523: 4509: 4334: 4286: 3569:"Title Capitalization Tool - Capitalize My Title - Title Case Tool" 2863: 2788: 2687: 2570: 2523: 2338: 2171: 2064: 1515:
In very formal British English the King is referred to as The King.
1459: 1193: 1156:), although some have chosen to deviate from standard rules (e.g., 1049: 817: 630:) were capitalized as well, but new orthography prohibits such use. 357: 115: 58: 3223:, who should have spelled her pseudonym "La Marr", like her model 1477:
In contracts, particularly important clauses are often typeset as
340: 141:
classification and the existence of variant authorities and local
4796: 4582: 4433: 4344: 4276: 4212: 3568: 2650: 2334: 1817: 1680: 1424: 1389: 1295: 1278: 1197: 1157: 727: 275: 2500:
recommends rendering all prepositions in lowercase, whereas the
4699: 4316: 4075: 4009: 3285:
Gschossmann-Hendershot, Elke; Feuerle, Lois (7 February 2014).
3181:
An alternate technical term that overlaps with separable affix.
3005: 1915: 1903: 1428: 1370: 1364: 1001: 825: 750: 278:, "I", is capitalized, along with all its contractions such as 1382:, nor is it capitalized when it refers to multiple gods, e.g. 4542: 4281: 4249: 4097: 4092: 3284: 3141:
Examples: Van der Duyn van Maasdam; Van Nispen tot Pannerden.
2783:) have mixed-case forms even when written as ligatures. With 2531: 2227: 2219: 2103: 2068: 2002: 1998: 1972: 1860: 1490: 1436: 1397: 1379: 1315: 1270: 1189: 1153: 1141: 1007: 321:. Some English authors capitalize any word referring to God: 301:
traditionally capitalize nouns and pronouns used to refer to
55: 3468:
Doerr, Edd (November–December 2002). "Humanism unmodified".
2772: 2088:
The following names are given to systems of capitalization:
1400:
rarely refer to the Deity by a specific name, but simply as
775:
used formally to address the addressee of a letter, such as
4898: 4744: 4689: 1957: 1509:. This does not apply where the words are not titles; e.g. 1451: 1432: 1303: 1185: 1169: 1165: 829: 772: 449:"goodbye", formal). This is occasionally also done for the 3879:"Writer's Block - Writing Tips - Capitalization in Titles" 3190:
Actually, this follows the French usage for the so-called
2676: 2887:
that start with certain consonant clusters. For example,
2261: 2258:, the separable affix, and at the same time preposition, 1848: 1358: 1356:
Names by which gods are known are capitalized, including
1106:, etc. This originated as a variant script for capital F. 1098:
A few English names are written with two lowercase "f"s:
302: 3862:(15th ed.). U. of Chicago Press. 2003. p. 313. 3776:(15th ed.). U. of Chicago Press. 2003. p. 314. 2515:, only the first word and proper names are capitalized. 2345:
In English, practice varies when the name starts with a
3436:
for descriptions of various rules of capitalization in
2736:). The position in Hungarian is similar to the latter. 2698: 2380:) are usually capitalized; still others often are not ( 1981: 1851:" if it is part of the (short-form) formal place name ( 1302:
and are capitalized. This is most common for birds and
1836:
Use lower case for plurals of generic terms (Gobi and
951:
nouns (and verbs being used as nouns) are capitalized.
2760: 2680:
is a completely separate letter rather than merely a
1435:), reserving all-caps for initialisms (e.g. UK, USA, 1322:). See the discussion of official common names under 800:
along with all references to the addressee, such as "
4078:
in to Capitalization Rules then you can above rules.
3530: 2349:
with a meaning such as "from" or "the" or "son of".
655:
are not. This distinguishes it from the preposition
3585: 1979:standard initial capitalization rule. For example, 1581:
Such adjectives do not receive capitals in French (
970:English, during the 17th and 18th centuries (as in 3291:. New York: McGraw Hill Professional. p. 14. 3219:not Karen Van Meer (fictional character played by 2475:Letter case § Headings and publication titles 2194:to emphasize key names or acronyms, or the use of 1306:. Names referring to more than one species (e.g., 999:, including personal names, are capitalized (like 940:are capitalized. This was also practiced in other 3847:, R. M. Ritter ed., Oxford University Press, 2002 2530:Acronyms which have become regular words such as 2083: 2036:And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim 1353:(the church) when not referring to specific ones. 5106: 3551:"PLACE-NAMES - National Geographic Style Manual" 2852:, "(the) mountain of the women" (anglicized as 2526:are usually capitalized, with a few exceptions: 2250:to this rule that differ by language community. 1681:Adjectives referring to nationality or ethnicity 1269:Capitalization is always used for most names of 807: 801: 795: 794:, capitalizing the formal second-person pronoun 3873: 3871: 3869: 3817:"Capital letter at the beginning of a sentence" 3695:"Weblog Usability: The Top Ten Design Mistakes" 3655: 3288:Schaum's Outline of German Grammar, 5th Edition 3278: 2908: 806:" ((to) Sir/Madam), is required in practice of 3610: 3487:Economist Style Guide, Capitalization – Places 3350:Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language 3326: 2893:(the United States) capitalize the epenthetic 2176:"THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG." 2128:"The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over the Lazy Dog." 1985:would be liable to cause confusion if written 1727: 1054:). However, in French this does not occur for 995:In nearly all European languages, single-word 5050:Intellectual property protection of typefaces 4113: 3977:Questions de langue : Académie française 3425: 3329:"Små bokstäver ökade avståndet till tyskarna" 2900: 2894: 2888: 2393: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1594: 1024:Where place names are merely preceded by the 905: 899: 891: 858: 852: 846: 721: 715: 709: 625: 619: 613: 607: 601: 595: 589: 583: 577: 553: 547: 538: 519: 513: 496: 490: 484: 478: 472: 466: 444: 438: 432: 137:Owing to the essentially arbitrary nature of 4592: 3972: 3866: 2663: 2405: 2399: 2387: 2381: 2369: 2281: 2273: 2259: 1956:In all modern European languages, the first 1712: 1706: 1694: 1688: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1588: 1582: 1348: 1342: 1254: 1248: 1242: 1236: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1063: 1057: 1047: 782: 776: 766: 760: 754: 699: 693: 687: 674: 668: 662: 656: 650: 644: 638: 576:capitalize the formal second-person pronoun 420: 414: 404: 398: 388: 3945:"The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition" 3927:"Capitalization Conventions for Title Case" 3275:(in Indonesian) from Indonesian Wikisource. 3151: 2867: 2857: 2847: 2764:, and this still survives in some surnames. 2751: 2731: 2703: 2685: 2627: 2621: 2375: 2316: 2308: 2098:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 1718: 1700: 1088: 1039: 881: 873: 759:("thou") and all its related forms such as 453: 443:, and their cases (even within words, e.g. 361: 193:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4120: 4106: 3766: 3764: 2587:is also occasionally seen in this context. 2234:compound names under this definition, but 920:The various languages and dialects in the 5076:Punctuation and other typographic symbols 4086:Validate Capitalization Rules in Spanish 3809: 3780: 3067:is an example of a case where the prefix 2758:. In the past the digraph was written as 2635: 2032:Meanwhile, the winged Heralds, by command 1778:Learn how and when to remove this message 1290:Controversially, some authors capitalize 932:, are the only major languages using the 525: 257:Learn how and when to remove this message 40:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Capital letters 3661: 3476:(6). American Humanist Association: 1–2. 3374: 3123:Alexander Willem Maurits Carel Ver Huell 1507:His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh 1126: 45: 3850: 3761: 3533:"capitalization: names of institutions" 3513:, 7th ed. 2006. Section 9.7.3, P. 120. 3363:E. E. Cummings: Name and capitalization 3088:, da Verrazzano, Verrazzano (Italian); 2662:is not. Examples with ligature include 2034:Of sovereign power, with awful ceremony 1125:used on the cover of one of his books. 1028:, this is usually in lower case (as in 828:does not require the capitalization of 387:, the formal 2nd-person plural pronoun 377:formal and informal 2nd-person pronouns 294:forms ("me", "my", and "mine") are not. 14: 5107: 3668:. Berkeley: Strathmoor Press. p.  3253:Institute for the Languages of Finland 3249:"Teitittely: oletteko kokeillut tätä?" 2814:(first name and surname), for example 2808:University of Chemistry and Technology 2462:used in the subject's own publications 2329:of a preposition and an article, like 1677:(the (practice of) going for a walk)). 1388:. There may be some confusion because 879:from the second-person plural pronoun 643:, is capitalized, but its other forms 431:also capitalizes its formal pronouns, 370: 72:; also British spelling in Oxford) or 4101: 3924: 3741: 3715: 3630: 3591: 3467: 2280:(meaning "named") in a surname (e.g. 2267: 2058:often ignore or defy this convention. 2038:A solemn council forthwith to be held 1511:Watson is a doctor, Philip is a duke. 1184:In English, the names of days of the 898:, the second-person singular pronoun 501:, are usually written with a capital. 38:For capitalization in Knowledge, see 4093:Online Capitalization Case Converter 3071:has not yet become part of the name. 2025:Traditionally, the first words of a 1760:adding citations to reliable sources 1731: 967:, during the 17th and 18th centuries 845:, the formal second-person pronouns 637:, the plural second-person pronoun, 465:, the abbreviations of the pronouns 366:), e.g. it is capitalized in German. 191:adding citations to reliable sources 158: 3838: 3692: 3084:, von Humboldt. Humboldt (German); 2829: 2804:Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická 2767:A converse exception exists in the 2579:, an archaic form of address, e.g. 2460:, prefer the spelling consistently 375:Many languages distinguish between 24: 4048: 3949:The Chicago Manual of Style Online 3633:"Is Obama a Mac and Clinton a PC?" 2549:are not capitalized, such as TfL ( 2368:) are always capitalized; others ( 2238:, that are made up of one or more 2222:that are made up of more than one 2102:The standard case used in English 1997:may even have different meanings, 944:(mainly due to German influence): 393:is capitalized along with all its 274:form of the singular first-person 132: 99:, capitalization also affects the 25: 5141: 4058: 3990:Collins-Spurrell Welsh Dictionary 3881:. Writersblock.ca. Archived from 3613:"ALL CAPS: To set or not to set?" 2581:Thou, O king, art a king of kings 2210: 2029:are capitalized in English, e.g.: 537:the formal second-person pronoun 5089: 5088: 3153:k Heb er niets meer van gehoord. 2616:is written with the present day 2563: 2511:In other languages, such as the 2205: 2091: 2040:At Pandemonium, the high capital 1736: 976:, and most of the original 1787 163: 4022: 4002: 3982: 3966: 3937: 3918: 3897: 3735: 3709: 3686: 3631:Cohen, Noam (4 February 2008). 3604: 3561: 3543: 3524: 3500: 3480: 3461: 3443: 3197: 3184: 3175: 3158: 3144: 3135: 3107: 3095: 3074: 3018: 2988: 2162:, start with a capital letter. 2144:Headings and publication titles 1747:needs additional citations for 1341:often capitalize such nouns as 1281:-level taxa or below. Example: 1247:) is normally not capitalized: 33:Capitalization (disambiguation) 4127: 3489:and for administrative areas ( 3418: 3403: 3368: 3355: 3343: 3320: 3266: 3241: 2438:), there is no set rule (both 2084:Names of capitalization styles 2020:" (both meaning "It was fun"). 1665:). The same applies to verbs ( 749:, most notably in letters and 582:along with its oblique cases ( 419:(and its derivatives, such as 87:Conventional writing systems ( 13: 1: 5045:History of Western typography 3975:'Accentuation des majuscules' 3234: 3032:(which at the same time is a 2640:Some languages treat certain 2150:, where all words, including 2117: 1950: 1671:(the (practice of) running), 1522: 1277:of living things, except for 947:In German and Luxembourgish, 4892:traditional point-size names 4082:Definition of capitalization 3331:(in Swedish). Språktidningen 3327:Daniel Solling (June 2009). 3092:, da Gama, Gama (Portuguese) 2913:In English, there are a few 2909:Case-sensitive English words 2733:Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru 2434:. In other cases (including 2410:is usually written with the 2226:, or a stem and one or more 771:. This principle extends to 356:Some languages capitalize a 7: 4145:Canons of page construction 4030:"Z dopisů jazykové poradně" 3455:September 28, 2007, at the 2936: 2622: 2596:In most languages that use 2518: 2244:List of family name affixes 2165: 2146:.) A simplified variant is 1728:Places and geographic terms 1331:what a piece of work is Man 626: 620: 614: 608: 602: 596: 590: 584: 578: 154: 10: 5146: 4070:Check Capitalization rules 3907:. Chicagomanualofstyle.org 3509:, Style Manual Committee. 3507:Council of Science Editors 3215:, not Leonardo di Caprio; 3004:, which is made up of the 2971:Reverential capitalization 2840:extra letters at the start 2591: 2472: 2266:(meaning "of", pronounced 2169: 2121: 1446:, in order to distinguish 1133:Amsterdam Schiphol Airport 978:United States Constitution 305:, including references to 29: 5084: 5068: 5000: 4953: 4907: 4847: 4730: 4670: 4628: 4605: 4573: 4533: 4522: 4467: 4421: 4373: 4325: 4302:Subscript and superscript 4257: 4248: 4198: 4135: 4088:Capitalización Mayúsculas 3537:www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca 3387:: 114–121. Archived from 3375:Friedman, Norman (1992). 3028:is made up of the prefix 2976:Capitalization conspiracy 2956:Capitalization in English 2856:), the word-form written 2838:forms of a word may have 2771:, where digraph letters ( 2728:National Library of Wales 2714:is equivalent to English 2628: 2490:coordinating conjunctions 2468: 2404:). The compound particle 2352:Some of these particles ( 1971:and, to a lesser extent, 1687:, even though nouns are: 1653:(the colorful thing(s)), 1294:of some animal and plant 1275:scientific classification 882: 874: 554: 548: 539: 411:German spelling reform(s) 123:capitalization in English 5060:Vox-ATypI classification 4190:Intentionally blank page 3905:"Capitalization, Titles" 3662:Wheildon, Colin (1995). 3207:, not Martin van Buren; 3024:Example: the Dutch name 2981: 2818:can be abbreviated both 2702:is a single letter; and 2414:capitalized but not the 2042:Of Satan and his peers. 1629:) nor partly in German ( 1196:are capitalized, as are 914: 910:when addressed formally. 809:Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan 600:) and personal pronoun ( 4016:Croato-Serbian language 3992:Collins UK 1977 p. 10. 3859:Chicago Manual of Style 3773:Chicago Manual of Style 3611:Ilene Strizver (2011). 3365:for further discussion. 2722:corresponds to English 2498:Chicago Manual of Style 2481:Chicago Manual of Style 2446:are seen, for example). 2071:of works typically use 1444:life stance orthography 1420:, are also capitalized. 1229:Fourth and Main streets 1148:are capitalized (e.g., 857:and their oblique form 841:and its standard form, 4593: 3973: 3845:Oxford Manual of Style 3697:. Nielsen Norman Group 3426: 3377:"Not "e. e. cummings"" 3152: 3103:married names of women 3086:Giovanni da Verrazzano 3082:Alexander von Humboldt 2901: 2895: 2889: 2868: 2858: 2848: 2752: 2732: 2704: 2686: 2664: 2658:are both correct, but 2636:Digraphs and ligatures 2406: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2317: 2309: 2284:Alexander von Humboldt 2282: 2274: 2260: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1690:ein kanadisches Schiff 1689: 1673: 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1631: 1625: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1458:is distinguished from 1349: 1343: 1255: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1136: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1064: 1058: 1048: 1040: 906: 904:may be capitalized as 900: 892: 859: 853: 847: 830: 808: 802: 796: 783: 777: 767: 761: 755: 722: 716: 710: 700: 694: 688: 675: 669: 663: 657: 651: 645: 639: 526: 520: 514: 497: 491: 485: 479: 473: 467: 454: 445: 439: 433: 421: 415: 405: 399: 389: 362: 62: 4014:Spelling handbook of 3211:, not Ron De Santis; 3164:Examples: names like 2929:versus the adjective 2921:versus the adjective 2618:monotonic orthography 2605:polytonic orthography 2583:. However, lowercase 2556:The Lord of the Rings 1130: 319:look what He has done 95:. In addition to the 49: 4930:Typographic features 4064:Capitalization Rules 3925:Nordquist, Richard. 3825:Nederlandse Taalunie 3796:Nederlandse Taalunie 3748:Practical Typography 3742:Butterick, Matthew. 3722:Practical Typography 3716:Butterick, Matthew. 3598:Practical Typography 3592:Butterick, Matthew. 2740:An exception is the 2551:Transport for London 2321:, or declensions of 1756:improve this article 1406:Writing divine names 1284:Homo sapiens sapiens 1256:place de la Concorde 816:orthography used in 733:In formally written 315:hallowed be Thy name 311:reverential capitals 187:improve this section 78:Commonwealth English 31:For other uses, see 5055:Technical lettering 4954:Typography in other 4695:Hanging punctuation 4040:(4): 223–224. 2000. 3573:Capitalize My Title 3440:and for references. 2866:plural of the noun 2846:, in the placename 2834:In languages where 2496:. For example, the 1945:Tatra National Park 1705:, a Canadian ship; 1326:for an explanation. 371:2nd-person pronouns 363:pluralis majestatis 5018:Handwriting script 4945:Desktop publishing 4915:Character encoding 4908:Digital typography 4422:Horizontal aspects 4375:Visual distinction 4233:Widows and orphans 3885:on October 9, 2012 3638:The New York Times 3619:. Monotype Imaging 3450:Worldbirdnames.org 3192:Nobiliary particle 2948:Capitalization of 1902:, the Republic of 1696:un navire canadien 1674:das Spazierengehen 1544:sonnet, but not a 1320:Italian stone pine 1137: 1013:publication titles 985:regional languages 973:Gulliver's Travels 942:Germanic languages 924:family, including 890:In Swedish, since 803:(kepada) Bapak/Ibu 299:European languages 121:The full rules of 63: 5102: 5101: 4849:Typographic units 4767:For position only 4666: 4665: 4518: 4517: 3679:978-0-9624891-5-0 3519:978-0-9779665-0-9 3434:Italian Knowledge 3298:978-0-07-182335-7 3213:Leonardo DiCaprio 2769:Croatian alphabet 2541:Some acronyms of 2513:Romance languages 2504:guide instructs: 2240:separable affixes 2198:or (more rarely) 1847:Only capitalize " 1788: 1787: 1780: 1493:of persons, e.g. 1335:Romance languages 1072:Je viens du Havre 989:Saterland Frisian 337:Baháʼí literature 267: 266: 259: 241: 70:American spelling 16:(Redirected from 5137: 5092: 5091: 5069:Related template 5001:Related articles 4802:Phototypesetting 4656:reverse-contrast 4641:Display typeface 4598: 4575:Blackletter type 4531: 4530: 4468:Vertical aspects 4449:Sentence spacing 4259:Typeface anatomy 4255: 4254: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4099: 4098: 4042: 4041: 4026: 4020: 4006: 4000: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3960: 3951:. Archived from 3941: 3935: 3934: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3890: 3875: 3864: 3863: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3821:Woordenlijst.org 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3792:Woordenlijst.org 3784: 3778: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3693:Nielsen, Jakob. 3690: 3684: 3683: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3645: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3555:sites.google.com 3547: 3541: 3540: 3528: 3522: 3504: 3498: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3465: 3459: 3447: 3441: 3431: 3422: 3416: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3372: 3366: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3245: 3228: 3205:Martin Van Buren 3201: 3195: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3173: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3133: 3115:Cornelis de Witt 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3078: 3072: 3051:); and the noun 3046:definite article 3022: 3016: 2992: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2871: 2861: 2851: 2830:Initial mutation 2757: 2735: 2707: 2691: 2669: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2603:However, in the 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2320: 2314: 2287: 2279: 2271: 2265: 2178:Also written as 2011: 1812:Tennessee Valley 1808:Lower California 1783: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1740: 1732: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1644:Ohm'sches Gesetz 1640: 1634: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1586: 1454:. For instance, 1352: 1347:(the state) and 1346: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1225:Montgomery Blvd. 1131:easyJet A319 at 1092: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1067: 1061: 1053: 1045: 1026:definite article 1018:Robert the Bruce 909: 903: 897: 885: 884: 877: 876: 862: 856: 850: 833: 811: 805: 799: 786: 780: 770: 764: 758: 725: 719: 713: 703: 697: 691: 678: 672: 666: 660: 654: 648: 642: 629: 623: 617: 611: 605: 599: 593: 587: 581: 557: 556: 551: 550: 542: 541: 529: 523: 517: 500: 494: 488: 482: 476: 470: 457: 448: 442: 436: 424: 418: 408: 402: 392: 365: 270:In English, the 262: 255: 251: 248: 242: 240: 206:"Capitalization" 199: 167: 159: 82:case distinction 43: 36: 21: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5098: 5080: 5064: 4996: 4956:writing systems 4955: 4949: 4903: 4843: 4787:Microtypography 4726: 4662: 4624: 4601: 4569: 4526:classifications 4525: 4514: 4463: 4417: 4383:Blackboard bold 4369: 4321: 4244: 4194: 4185:Recto and verso 4131: 4126: 4061: 4051: 4049:Further reading 4046: 4045: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4012:, 1986 (trans. 4007: 4003: 3987: 3983: 3971: 3967: 3958: 3956: 3943: 3942: 3938: 3923: 3919: 3910: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3877: 3876: 3867: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3788:"Persoonsnamen" 3786: 3785: 3781: 3770: 3769: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3744:"Letterspacing" 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3714: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3660: 3656: 3643: 3641: 3622: 3620: 3609: 3605: 3590: 3586: 3577: 3575: 3567: 3566: 3562: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3529: 3525: 3505: 3501: 3485: 3481: 3466: 3462: 3457:Wayback Machine 3448: 3444: 3423: 3419: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3373: 3369: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3334: 3332: 3325: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3299: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3225:Barbara La Marr 3202: 3198: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3112: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3079: 3075: 3036:); the article 3023: 3019: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2939: 2911: 2832: 2718:(whereas Welsh 2708:in Welsh where 2638: 2594: 2566: 2521: 2477: 2471: 2213: 2208: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2101: 2094: 2086: 2056:Modernist poets 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2009: 1953: 1888:Central America 1840:deserts); but " 1830:, River Severn) 1784: 1773: 1767: 1764: 1753: 1741: 1730: 1525: 959:spelling reform 926:Standard German 917: 612:and its cases ( 373: 263: 252: 246: 243: 200: 198: 184: 168: 157: 135: 133:Parts of speech 44: 37: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5143: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5115:Capitalization 5100: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4990:National Fonts 4982: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4965: 4959: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4935:Web typography 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4839: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4812:Reversing type 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4708: 4707: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4681: 4679: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4638: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4539: 4537: 4528: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4439:Letter-spacing 4436: 4431: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4393:Color printing 4390: 4385: 4379: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4327:Capitalization 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4165:Page numbering 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4125: 4124: 4117: 4110: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4060: 4059:External links 4057: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4021: 4001: 3988:Lewis, H (ed) 3981: 3965: 3936: 3917: 3896: 3865: 3849: 3837: 3808: 3779: 3760: 3734: 3708: 3685: 3678: 3654: 3603: 3584: 3560: 3542: 3523: 3499: 3479: 3460: 3442: 3424:See the entry 3417: 3402: 3367: 3354: 3342: 3319: 3297: 3277: 3265: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3196: 3183: 3174: 3157: 3143: 3134: 3106: 3094: 3073: 3017: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2945: 2938: 2935: 2925:. Or the verb 2910: 2907: 2890:l-Istati Uniti 2880:in this form. 2849:Sliabh na mBan 2831: 2828: 2827: 2826: 2812:personal names 2792: 2765: 2637: 2634: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2547:function words 2539: 2520: 2517: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2458:living subject 2449: 2448: 2447: 2419: 2343: 2303:In Dutch, the 2301: 2216:Compound names 2212: 2211:Compound names 2209: 2207: 2204: 2170:Main article: 2167: 2164: 2130:Also known as 2122:Main article: 2119: 2116: 2093: 2090: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2006: 1989:, and initial 1976: 1952: 1949: 1908:North Atlantic 1900:European Union 1880:Southeast Asia 1869: 1868: 1845: 1834: 1831: 1824: 1821: 1814: 1786: 1785: 1744: 1742: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1678: 1626:presokratejski 1579: 1556:anti-Christian 1524: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1463: 1440: 1421: 1354: 1327: 1288: 1267: 1260: 1213: 1212:nouns) do not. 1182: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1138: 1119:E. E. Cummings 1107: 1096: 1095: 1094: 993: 992: 991: 981: 968: 962: 952: 934:Latin alphabet 916: 913: 912: 911: 888: 865: 835: 788: 731: 680: 631: 563: 533:Similarly, in 531: 502: 459: 426: 372: 369: 368: 367: 354: 353: 352: 295: 265: 264: 171: 169: 162: 156: 153: 134: 131: 74:capitalisation 66:Capitalization 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5142: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5095: 5087: 5086: 5083: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4940:Bézier curves 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4925:Rasterization 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4846: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4782:Microprinting 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4740:Etaoin shrdlu 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4521: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4104: 4103: 4100: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4065: 4053: 4052: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4018: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3998:0-00-433402-7 3995: 3991: 3985: 3978: 3976: 3969: 3955:on 2009-01-05 3954: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3921: 3906: 3900: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3861: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3775: 3774: 3767: 3765: 3749: 3745: 3738: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3696: 3689: 3681: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3658: 3651: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3527: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3492: 3491:West Virginia 3488: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3446: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3421: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3391:on 2005-12-12 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3371: 3364: 3358: 3351: 3346: 3330: 3323: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3281: 3274: 3269: 3254: 3250: 3244: 3240: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3217:Karen Vanmeer 3214: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3193: 3187: 3178: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3138: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3091: 3090:Vasco da Gama 3087: 3083: 3077: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3055:. The prefix 3054: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3014: 3011:and the noun 3010: 3007: 3003: 3002: 2997: 2994:Example: the 2991: 2987: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2862:contains the 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2629:ΑΫΛΟΣ — άυλος 2624: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2516: 2514: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2476: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2285: 2278: 2277: 2270: 2269:[fɔn] 2264: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2206:Special cases 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2140:style manuals 2137: 2133: 2132:headline case 2125: 2115: 2113: 2107: 2105: 2099: 2092:Sentence case 2089: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2063:In the U.S., 2062: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2050:Paradise Lost 2047: 2043: 2028: 2027:line of verse 2024: 2019: 2015: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1969:ancient Greek 1966: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1948: 1946: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1804:South America 1801: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1782: 1779: 1771: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1745:This section 1743: 1739: 1734: 1733: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1650:das/die Bunte 1645: 1639: 1638:präsokratisch 1633: 1627: 1621: 1615: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1591: 1590:présocratique 1585: 1580: 1577: 1574:. Never  1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1558:, and either 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1542:Shakespearean 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1485:Most English 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471:defined terms 1468: 1467:legal English 1464: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1450:from general 1449: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1251: 1250:rue de Rivoli 1245: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1060: 1056:contractions 1052: 1051: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 979: 975: 974: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957:, before the 956: 953: 950: 946: 945: 943: 939: 936:in which all 935: 931: 930:Luxembourgish 927: 923: 919: 918: 908: 902: 896: 895: 889: 886: 878: 870: 866: 861: 855: 849: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 823: 819: 815: 810: 804: 798: 793: 789: 785: 779: 774: 769: 763: 757: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 729: 724: 718: 712: 707: 702: 696: 690: 685: 681: 677: 671: 665: 659: 653: 647: 641: 636: 632: 628: 622: 616: 610: 604: 598: 592: 586: 580: 575: 571: 567: 564: 561: 546: 545:oblique cases 536: 532: 530:in Estonian). 528: 522: 516: 511: 507: 503: 499: 493: 487: 481: 475: 469: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 441: 435: 430: 427: 423: 417: 412: 407: 401: 396: 391: 386: 382: 381: 380: 378: 364: 359: 355: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 333: 331: 330: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 268: 261: 258: 250: 247:February 2024 239: 236: 232: 229: 225: 222: 218: 215: 211: 208: –  207: 203: 202:Find sources: 196: 192: 188: 182: 181: 177: 172:This section 170: 166: 161: 160: 152: 150: 146: 145: 140: 130: 127: 124: 119: 117: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 89:orthographies 85: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 60: 57: 53: 48: 41: 34: 19: 5040:Type foundry 4877:Metric units 4807:Punchcutting 4792:Movable type 4762:Font catalog 4722:Vertical bar 4459:Word spacing 4429:Figure space 4326: 4312:Text figures 4155:Even working 4074:if you want 4063: 4062: 4037: 4033: 4024: 4013: 4004: 3989: 3984: 3968: 3957:. Retrieved 3953:the original 3948: 3939: 3930: 3920: 3909:. Retrieved 3899: 3887:. Retrieved 3883:the original 3857: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3828:. Retrieved 3823:(in Dutch). 3820: 3811: 3799:. Retrieved 3794:(in Dutch). 3791: 3782: 3771: 3751:. Retrieved 3747: 3737: 3725:. Retrieved 3721: 3718:"Small caps" 3711: 3699:. Retrieved 3688: 3664: 3657: 3649: 3642:. Retrieved 3636: 3621:. Retrieved 3616: 3606: 3597: 3587: 3576:. Retrieved 3572: 3563: 3554: 3545: 3536: 3526: 3510: 3502: 3482: 3473: 3470:The Humanist 3469: 3463: 3445: 3420: 3405: 3395:December 13, 3393:. Retrieved 3389:the original 3384: 3380: 3370: 3357: 3345: 3333:. Retrieved 3322: 3312:30 September 3310:. Retrieved 3287: 3280: 3268: 3256:. Retrieved 3252: 3243: 3209:Ron DeSantis 3199: 3186: 3177: 3170:'sGravesande 3160: 3146: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3109: 3097: 3076: 3068: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3040:(which is a 3037: 3029: 3026:Van der Kerk 3025: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2990: 2949: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2882: 2833: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2803: 2759: 2745: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2709: 2697: 2675: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2639: 2602: 2595: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2569:The English 2554: 2553:) and LotR ( 2543:proper nouns 2522: 2510: 2505: 2494:prepositions 2478: 2454:Ellis Island 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2330: 2327:contractions 2322: 2307:affix, like 2304: 2289: 2247: 2236:noun phrases 2231: 2214: 2179: 2175: 2160:conjunctions 2156:prepositions 2147: 2136:capital case 2135: 2131: 2127: 2112:dictionaries 2108: 2095: 2087: 2079:newspapers). 2031: 2018:Het was leuk 2017: 2013: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1896:South Africa 1884:Central Asia 1871: 1870: 1795: 1789: 1774: 1768:October 2015 1765: 1754:Please help 1749:verification 1746: 1708:ein Kanadier 1702:kanadská loď 1662:der Urgoethe 1614:försokratisk 1605:), Swedish ( 1602:presocrático 1593:), Spanish ( 1575: 1571: 1568:Pre-Socratic 1567: 1564:pre-Socratic 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550:mission nor 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528:In English, 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1470: 1448:life stances 1417: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1394:Christianity 1383: 1375: 1369: 1363: 1357: 1330: 1319: 1311: 1307: 1300:proper nouns 1292:common names 1282: 1228: 1224: 1221:Fleming Ave. 1220: 1216: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1103: 1099: 1084:les Pays-Bas 1029: 1016: 1006: 1000: 997:proper nouns 971: 948: 880: 872: 781:("sir") and 374: 349:'Abdu'l-Baha 345:Twelve Imams 326: 322: 318: 314: 307:Jesus Christ 283: 279: 253: 244: 234: 227: 220: 213: 201: 185:Please help 173: 148: 144:house styles 143: 139:orthographic 136: 128: 120: 97:Latin script 93:style guides 86: 73: 65: 64: 61:respectively 5125:Typesetting 5120:Orthography 5035:Type design 5030:Style guide 5023:Calligraphy 5013:Handwriting 4827:Type design 4777:Lorem ipsum 4772:Letterpress 4732:Typesetting 4672:Punctuation 4636:Record type 4607:Gaelic type 4595:Schwabacher 4485:Body height 4350:Letter case 4218:Line length 4076:convertcase 3495:East Sussex 3221:Hedy Lamarr 3061:contraction 3034:preposition 2966:Orthography 2961:Letter case 2872:, "woman", 2854:Slievenamon 2824:J. CH. 2820:J. Ch. 2816:Jan Chudoba 2785:typewriters 2682:typographic 2052:I:752–756) 1939:Abbreviated 1924:The Bahamas 1912:Middle East 1892:North Korea 1865:Philippines 1857:Netherlands 1842:the Dakotas 1792:proper noun 1714:un Canadien 1656:eine Schöne 1620:sokratejski 1617:), Polish ( 1576:preSocratic 1572:presocratic 1560:Presocratic 1552:malapropism 1374:. 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Index

Capitalized
Capitalization (disambiguation)
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Capital letters

sans serif
serif
typefaces
American spelling
Commonwealth English
case distinction
orthographies
style guides
Latin script
Armenian
Cyrillic
Georgian
Greek
alphabets
capitalization in English
orthographic
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"Capitalization"
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