27:
298:
141:. The Burgher Force was a district-based militia, whose units could be mobilised when necessary to maintain order in their home districts. The Volunteer Force was also district-based, but consisted of privately formed and self-financed units which placed their services at the government's disposal.
531:. The Cape government mobilised the Colonial Forces to guard railways and other lines of communication, while the British Army struggled to relieve the besieged towns. Later, units were assigned to British formations in the field, and one was detailed to escort Boer prisoners of war to
557:(CDF), under Brig Gen Brabant. It consisted of dozens of town guards and district mounted troops, for local defence, and a few mobile units, which were placed under British Army command. In December 1901, the CDF was merged with the Colonial Forces, which were renamed the
238:, it hoped to minimise British Imperial interference by resolving any conflicts locally. The volunteer revival was particularly marked in the eastern districts closest to the frontier, where more than two dozen units were formed between 1875 and 1877. They included the
112:
The colonial forces were established after
Britain granted the Cape Colony "representative government" in 1853. The colony was encouraged to assume some of the responsibility for its own defence, and in 1855 three separate military organisations were formed:
372:
as an auxiliary. Legislation authorised the government to call up the burgher and volunteer forces for service outside their home districts. Collectively, the CMR, the CMY, the burghers, and the volunteers, were referred to as the "Colonial Forces".
305:
The Cape forces were deployed in six of the nine wars and campaigns that were fought in South Africa between 1877 and 1881. Dozens of volunteer units were formed, but most disbanded once hostilities were over. Those that continued included the
354:
After the war, in 1878, the government organised the military forces into a single organisation, under a
Defence Department headed by a commandant-general. The first two commandants-general were Col Samuel Jarvis (1878–1880) and Brig Gen
233:
The new administration encouraged the revival of the local Cape forces, and especially the
Volunteer Force. The administration foresaw unrest across the border in the Transkei and, in the case of a war with the
476:
Command of the
Colonial Forces was divided in 1892, between a Colonial Military Secretary (Col Philip Homan-ffoliiott) who controlled the CMR and the headquarters staffs, and a Commandant of Volunteers (Col
202:
The
Volunteer Force collapsed in the early 1860s, during an economic recession which made part-time soldiering unaffordable. By 1867, only a handful of units were left, in Cape Town and
196:
764:
The life and times of Sir John
Charles Molteno, K. C. M. G., First Premier of Cape Colony, Comprising a History of Representative Institutions and Responsible Government at the Cape.
1101:
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in the mountainous frontier. For all but the largest conflicts, such mounted gunmen with their local knowledge were thought preferable to the long, slow and cumbersome
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901:
855:
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Most of the pre-war volunteer units continued, but none of the wartime units was retained. A few new units were formed, including the
478:
630:(UDF) were formed in 1912, and in 1913 most of the CCF units were incorporated into the UDF. The remainder were disbanded.
627:
402:, which was under Cape administration at that time, to enforce a law which prohibited the Basuto from owning firearms.
96:
413:
Under government direction, the
Colonial Forces grew and became more professional during the 1880s and 1890s. Maj Gen
376:
In the
Northern Border Rebellion (1878), Colonial Forces were deployed against the Koranna in the districts along the
1052:
496:
70:
48:
41:
435:
418:
320:
units that were taken over when that province was annexed to the colony in 1880 and later amalgamated to form the
356:
427:
Fears of a
British war with Russia stimulated the formation of more than a dozen volunteer units, including the
1028:. Cape Town: Published for the Regimental Council of the Duke of Edinburgh's Own Rifles by Galvin & Sales.
429:
240:
258:(1876–1895). The neighbouring British-ruled province of Griqualand West also raised a small volunteer force.
405:
In the concurrent
Transkei Campaign, Colonial Forces were deployed against the Mpondomise in the Transkei.
572:
From 1903, the Cape Colonial Forces consisted of the Defence Department under a commandant-general, the
781:
424:
Compulsory registration of men for the Burgher Force ended in 1884, effectively disbanding the force.
133:
The FAMP was responsible for maintaining law and order in the districts along the frontier with the
612:
528:
163:
35:
465:
308:
507:
From 1899 to 1902, South Africa was ravaged by a war between the British Empire – including the
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223:
52:
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639:
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331:
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391:(1879), volunteer units were called up to man the garrisons in the Transkei and elsewhere.
176:
607:
became the new threat to British interests, and the CMR was mobilised in 1906 to help the
8:
608:
1002:(Electronic reproduction ed.). Cape Town: Cape Town Highlanders History Committee.
980:. illustrated by P. Miller. Prince Alfred's Guard in conjunction with Books of Africa.
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144:
About three dozen volunteer units were formed between 1855 and 1861. They included:
604:
601:
recognised the CCF's wartime service by granting its units King's Colours in 1904.
278:
150:
195:
In 1858, the FAMP was mobilised to restore order in the Transkei, after a wave of
1042:
1023:
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956:
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317:
207:
615:. In 1907, a defence plan was prepared in case of a full-scale German invasion.
577:
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203:
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The Cape Colony Government was also of the opinion that small, highly mobile,
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336:
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235:
227:
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819:"Gallant Gentlemen 1855-1865: The Cape Colony Volunteers of a Century Ago"
553:
In January 1901, after a second Boer incursion, the government formed the
581:
508:
297:
274:
219:
88:
536:
484:
In 1896, the volunteer units in Griqualand West were formed into the
456:
218:
A degree of independence from Britain was achieved in 1872, when the
623:
388:
340:
206:. Although the economy recovered after diamonds were discovered in
138:
199:, following a prophecy that this would make the Whites disappear.
91:
in South Africa. Established in 1855, they were taken over by the
542:
For a few months in 1900, a Colonial Division, consisting of the
499:
in the northern Cape, to apprehend three fugitive Tswana chiefs.
488:, and the field and garrison artillery were combined to form the
399:
469:. In 1893, the small country units were grouped together as the
417:
was briefly commandant-general in 1882. He was succeeded by Col
107:
622:
in 1910, the CCF were placed under the new defence ministry in
344:
270:
266:
611:
fight off the 'Ferreira Raid', a small armed incursion from
1025:
The Dukes - A History of the Duke of Edinburgh's Own Rifles
550:, served with the British forces in the Orange Free State.
455:(1892–1913), and several small units in country towns. The
958:
Gunners of the Cape; the story of the Cape Field Artillery
277:
who lived in the border regions) were best suited to the
1047:. Cape Town: Cape Town Rifles Dukes Regimental Council.
213:
16:
Defence organisation of the Cape Colony in South Africa
1102:
Military units and formations of the Second Boer War
1087:
Disbanded military units and formations in Cape Town
523:. Boer forces invaded the Cape in 1899 and besieged
398:(1880–1881), Colonial Forces units were deployed in
226:" under the leadership of its first Prime Minister,
87:(CCF) were the official defence organisation of the
1107:
Military units and formations of the British Empire
961:. Cape Town: C.F.A. Regimental History Committee.
618:When the Cape Colony became a province of the new
495:In 1897, the Colonial Forces were deployed in the
1092:Military units and formations established in 1855
921:(5). The South African Military History Society.
875:(4). The South African Military History Society.
829:(1). The South African Military History Society.
723:(5). The South African Military History Society.
671:(4). The South African Military History Society.
1078:
362:The FAMP were fully militarised and renamed the
197:cattle-killing and crop-destruction by the Xhosa
210:in 1869, the Volunteer Force remained dormant.
1097:Military units and formations of South Africa
335:, and burgher and volunteer units fought the
108:The early CCF under representative government
946:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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546:and several volunteer units under Brig Gen
265:, recruited from local people (such as the
564:The war ended in British victory in 1902.
911:"Cape Colonial Volunteer Corps (Part II)"
713:"Cape Colonial Volunteer Corps (Part II)"
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
1021:
865:"Cape Colonial Volunteer Corps (Part I)"
863:Hulme, J.J., Major JCD (December 1972).
807:Annual Reports of the Defence Department
661:"Cape Colonial Volunteer Corps (Part I)"
659:Hulme, J.J., Major JCD (December 1972).
296:
182:Prince Alfred's Own Cape Field Artillery
156:Duke of Edinburgh's Own Volunteer Rifles
34:This article includes a list of general
1112:1855 establishments in the Cape Colony
1079:
810:Anon (1905). "Our Volunteer Army" in
481:), in charge of the part-time forces.
459:coast defences were upgraded, and the
1040:
992:
973:
954:
908:
862:
816:
710:
658:
383:While British regiments were away in
256:Grahamstown Volunteer Horse Artillery
996:The Cape Town Highlanders, 1885-1970
909:Hulme, J.J., Major JCD (June 1973).
817:Hulme, J.J., Major JCD (June 1971).
711:Hulme, J.J., Major JCD (June 1973).
241:First City of Grahamstown Volunteers
214:The CCF under responsible government
20:
766:London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1900
13:
801:
189:Port Elizabeth Volunteer Artillery
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1123:
332:Frontier Armed and Mounted Police
247:Buffalo Corps of Rifle Volunteers
120:Frontier Armed and Mounted Police
977:Prince Alfred's Guard, 1856-1966
515:– and the Boer republics in the
436:Cape Town Irish Volunteer Rifles
95:in 1910, and disbanded when the
25:
626:. They were disbanded when the
769:
756:
704:
652:
1:
461:Cape Town Volunteer Engineers
445:Volunteer Medical Staff Corps
309:Cape Town Volunteer Engineers
645:
567:
502:
408:
292:
102:
7:
633:
10:
1128:
1022:McKenzie, Angus G (1957).
453:Uitenhage Volunteer Rifles
915:Military History Journal
869:Military History Journal
823:Military History Journal
717:Military History Journal
665:Military History Journal
613:German South-West Africa
415:Charles 'Chinese' Gordon
357:Charles Mansfield Clarke
301:The Cape Colony in 1878.
1044:Cape Town Rifles: Dukes
1041:Orpen, Neil D. (1984).
993:Orpen, Neil D. (1970).
974:Orpen, Neil D. (1967).
955:Orpen, Neil D. (1965).
782:Encyclopædia Britannica
486:Griqualand West Brigade
466:Cape Garrison Artillery
316:) (1879–1958); and the
314:Cape Garrison Artillery
287:British Imperial troops
55:more precise citations.
555:Colonial Defence Force
302:
279:more irregular warfare
224:Responsible government
1069:Young, P.J. (1955).
640:Cape Mounted Riflemen
620:Union of South Africa
593:Cape Naval Volunteers
591:(1903–1926), and the
589:Cape Peninsula Rifles
574:Cape Mounted Riflemen
544:Cape Mounted Riflemen
497:Bechuanaland Campaign
430:Cape Town Highlanders
369:Cape Mounted Yeomanry
364:Cape Mounted Riflemen
300:
169:Prince Alfred's Guard
164:Port Elizabeth Rifles
99:were formed in 1912.
93:Union of South Africa
628:Union Defence Forces
580:(1903–1904) and Col
559:Cape Colonial Forces
441:Kimberley Volunteers
97:Union Defence Forces
85:Cape Colonial Forces
609:Cape Mounted Police
463:converted into the
177:Cape Town Artillery
137:territories in the
129:the Volunteer Force
449:Cape Medical Corps
323:Kimberley Regiment
303:
244:(1875– ); and the
117:the para-military
517:Orange Free State
443:(1887–1890), the
439:(1885–1891), the
263:mounted commandos
252:Kaffrarian Rifles
126:the Burgher Force
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605:Imperial Germany
451:) (1889– ), the
433:(1885– )and the
366:(CMR), with the
349:9th Frontier War
254:) (1876– ), and
151:Cape Rifle Corps
76:
69:
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51:this article by
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802:Further reading
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389:Anglo-Zulu War
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1013:19 December
932:20 December
886:20 December
840:20 December
789:15 November
734:20 December
682:20 December
582:Henry Lukin
509:Cape Colony
387:during the
250:(later the
220:Cape Colony
191:(1860–1879)
154:(later the
89:Cape Colony
53:introducing
1081:Categories
400:Basutoland
222:attained "
184:) (1857– )
171:) (1856– )
158:) (1855– )
36:references
1008:682854292
927:0026-4016
881:0026-4016
835:0026-4016
777:"Gun War"
729:0026-4016
677:0026-4016
646:Citations
568:1903–1913
529:Kimberley
521:Transvaal
503:1899–1902
457:Cape Town
409:1882–1899
293:1877–1881
103:1855–1877
1063:16870041
1034:19862498
634:See also
624:Pretoria
525:Mafeking
385:Zululand
343:and the
341:Transkei
139:Transkei
1000:(eBook)
561:(CCF).
447:(later
394:In the
347:in the
339:in the
312:(later
283:columns
180:(later
167:(later
49:improve
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986:457923
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967:194425
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784:Online
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537:Ceylon
345:Ciskei
271:Mfengu
123:(FAMP)
38:, but
513:Natal
337:Xhosa
236:Xhosa
135:Xhosa
1059:OCLC
1049:ISBN
1030:OCLC
1015:2014
1004:OCLC
982:OCLC
963:OCLC
948:link
934:2014
923:ISSN
902:link
888:2014
877:ISSN
856:link
842:2014
831:ISSN
791:2021
750:link
736:2014
725:ISSN
698:link
684:2014
673:ISSN
535:and
527:and
519:and
511:and
329:The
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