134:
4743:
112:
460:
401:
are radically reduced to only vestigial remnants found as an adherent perianth coating the seed. A reduced and monophyllous cuplike perigonal bract, properly known as the bracteole, immediately surrounds and protects the seed and is often misnamed as a "calyx". Flowers are grouped to form
452:, which included the families Cannabaceae, Cecropiaceae, Celtidaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae and Urticaceae, as then circumscribed. Molecular data from 1990s onwards showed that these families were actually embedded within the order Rosales, so that from the first classification by the
1118:
Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Morawetz, Jeffery; Pires, J. Chris; Nepokroeff, Molly; Conti, Elena; Zjhra, Michelle; Hall, Jocelyn C. & Chase, Mark W. (2002), "Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on
607:, Borneo. Fossils show Cannabaceae were widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere during the early Cenozoic, though their distribution shifted towards tropical regions in the later Cenozoic due to changing climates.
1414:
Jiang, Hong-En; Li, Xiao; Zhao, You-Xing; Ferguson, David K.; Hueber, Francis; Bera, Subir; Wang, Yu-Fei; Zhao, Liang-Cheng; Liu, Chang-Jiang & Li, Cheng-Sin (December 2006), "A new insight into
1487:
1457:
4992:
5031:
1518:
448:
Classification systems developed prior to the 1990s, such as those of
Cronquist (1981) and Dahlgren (1989), typically recognized the order
5200:
1484:
4940:
1566:
5005:
4953:
4823:
5010:
971:
has revealed that these plants may have been used for ritual/medicinal purposes in
Xinjiang, China as early as 494 B.C.
1511:
325:
Other than a shared evolutionary origin, members of the family have few common characteristics; some are trees (e.g.
5144:
5036:
4979:
1379:
1330:
5098:
5139:
1006:, for their nutritious seeds, or their edible leaves. Others are cultivated for medical or recreational use as
1094:
314:. Members of the family are erect or climbing plants with petalless flowers and dry, one-seeded fruits. Hemp (
5018:
1545:
456:
in 1998, they were placed in an expanded
Rosales, forming a group which has been called 'urticalean rosids'.
4746:
1571:
1561:
1504:
1281:
Jin, Jian-Jun; Yang, Mei-Qing; Fritsch, Peter W.; Velzen, Robin; Li, De-Zhu; Yi, Ting-Shuang (July 2020).
4841:
4836:
4828:
4810:
133:
5093:
4932:
4906:
1230:
1137:
453:
278:
5085:
5046:
4958:
1556:
1065:
5195:
4927:
611:
5072:
4901:
4763:
5108:
5067:
4997:
4801:
644:
1373:
Yesson C, Russell SJ, Parrish T, Dalling JW, Garwood NC (2004). "Phylogenetic framework for
1255:
5190:
5059:
4919:
4862:
1339:
1027:
8:
599:. The oldest known pollen typical of members of Cannabaceae is from the Late Cretaceous (
4893:
1496:
1343:
1282:
5162:
4914:
4586:
3804:
3696:
3320:
1807:
1551:
1396:
1355:
1310:
1162:
242:
128:
5054:
4849:
4543:
4342:
3894:
3754:
3683:
3606:
3487:
3373:
3290:
2655:
1646:
1582:
1439:
1314:
1302:
1166:
1154:
1400:
1359:
366:
Leaves are often more or less palmately lobed or palmately compound and always bear
5167:
4427:
4417:
4377:
4357:
4133:
4063:
4038:
3985:
3759:
3749:
3512:
3449:
3393:
3368:
3114:
3019:
2986:
2776:
2690:
2685:
2660:
2561:
2523:
2431:
2095:
1958:
1933:
1928:
1721:
1638:
1431:
1388:
1347:
1294:
1211:
1146:
1023:
398:
390:
330:
266:
5154:
4854:
4815:
4708:
4495:
4362:
4347:
3927:
3814:
3794:
3789:
3779:
3744:
3560:
3555:
3355:
3325:
3295:
3179:
3144:
3104:
3079:
3069:
3029:
2781:
2670:
2553:
2528:
2423:
2395:
2385:
2178:
2148:
2090:
2075:
1938:
1764:
1671:
1528:
1491:
1202:
1015:
1007:
975:
464:
270:
171:
120:
5023:
1283:"Born migrators: Historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan family Cannabaceae"
1197:
5131:
4700:
4690:
4672:
4644:
4606:
4596:
4548:
4515:
4505:
4500:
4422:
4372:
4319:
4304:
4189:
4103:
4043:
4033:
3937:
3839:
3774:
3764:
3724:
3706:
3507:
3434:
3222:
3184:
3139:
3074:
3049:
3024:
2968:
2882:
2650:
2597:
2533:
2390:
2282:
2259:
2221:
2198:
2188:
1991:
1853:
1792:
1656:
1179:
1038:
with desired flavors or aromas, such as blueberry, strawberry, or even citrus.
984:
394:
158:
1435:
1392:
281:, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including
5184:
4786:
4682:
4611:
4581:
4558:
4553:
4538:
4490:
4457:
4452:
4387:
4181:
4166:
4113:
4093:
4053:
4048:
4028:
3990:
3942:
3889:
3879:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3799:
3714:
3691:
3673:
3641:
3626:
3588:
3492:
3472:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3310:
3305:
3285:
3270:
3232:
3227:
3174:
3164:
3159:
3109:
3089:
3064:
3054:
2955:
2877:
2857:
2796:
2791:
2771:
2705:
2675:
2635:
2543:
2538:
2485:
2355:
2317:
2292:
2264:
2249:
2193:
2173:
2168:
2085:
2052:
2019:
2014:
2009:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1943:
1913:
1845:
1812:
1802:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1618:
1600:
1532:
1419:
1306:
1019:
988:
968:
874:
579:
403:
386:
222:
69:
5121:
4621:
4616:
4601:
4591:
4530:
4412:
4397:
4367:
4324:
4314:
4268:
4245:
4235:
4207:
4108:
4088:
4058:
4000:
3947:
3869:
3824:
3784:
3739:
3729:
3719:
3611:
3580:
3545:
3530:
3444:
3439:
3345:
3099:
3094:
3059:
3039:
3014:
3001:
2991:
2963:
2920:
2915:
2872:
2839:
2824:
2786:
2763:
2700:
2695:
2680:
2645:
2627:
2579:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2380:
2340:
2274:
2254:
2244:
2236:
2203:
2163:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2042:
2037:
2001:
1918:
1797:
1754:
1651:
1628:
1592:
1443:
1158:
1150:
4966:
4795:
4576:
4472:
4432:
4407:
4402:
4392:
4260:
4250:
4240:
4222:
4171:
4123:
4118:
4098:
4078:
4005:
3932:
3874:
3829:
3769:
3734:
3631:
3621:
3565:
3477:
3416:
3411:
3363:
3335:
3315:
3275:
3257:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3124:
3119:
3084:
2978:
2910:
2834:
2806:
2801:
2640:
2617:
2602:
2571:
2490:
2365:
2345:
2307:
2158:
2153:
2130:
2115:
2057:
2047:
1953:
1948:
1900:
1817:
1741:
1726:
1703:
1698:
1623:
1610:
1046:
1031:
831:
568:
406:. In the dioecious plants the male inflorescences are long and look like
44:
418:, the usually superior ovary is unilocular; there is no fixed number of
4659:
4649:
4626:
4510:
4447:
4382:
4309:
4286:
4212:
4158:
4068:
3922:
3909:
3884:
3864:
3616:
3598:
3570:
3540:
3535:
3467:
3426:
3403:
3340:
3330:
3280:
3265:
3194:
3149:
3134:
3044:
2945:
2925:
2887:
2867:
2589:
2495:
2375:
2360:
2350:
2080:
2029:
1968:
1923:
1774:
1731:
1690:
1681:
1351:
880:
848:
695:
671:
596:
557:
524:
513:
481:
89:
54:
1458:"'It's like eating a hedgerow': why do hop shoots cost β¬1,000 a kilo?"
1298:
983:
for hundreds of years. The flowers' resins are responsible for beer's
4971:
4888:
4875:
4667:
4636:
4568:
4437:
4296:
4278:
4230:
4199:
4128:
4073:
4010:
3995:
3980:
3917:
3899:
3834:
3809:
3646:
3550:
3502:
3482:
3129:
3034:
3009:
2480:
2472:
2370:
2335:
2312:
2302:
2287:
2226:
2183:
2143:
2120:
1890:
1822:
1713:
719:
546:
449:
382:
375:
371:
94:
20:
4984:
4945:
4757:
1196:
Yang MQ, van Velzen R, Bakker FT, Sattarian A, Li DZ, Yi TS (2013).
5116:
4780:
4520:
4442:
4352:
4334:
4083:
4020:
3972:
3962:
3819:
3636:
3522:
3497:
3459:
3300:
3169:
3154:
2940:
2930:
2905:
2862:
2829:
2738:
2665:
2462:
2445:
2297:
2213:
2067:
1882:
1872:
1784:
1215:
1045:
are grown for landscaping and ornamental purposes, and the bark of
1035:
1003:
750:
640:
600:
492:
353:
283:
184:
111:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
37:
4880:
16:
Family of flowering plants comprising hops, hemps, and hackberries
4482:
4148:
3247:
3202:
2897:
2849:
2816:
2730:
2454:
2400:
1908:
1011:
767:
604:
535:
407:
367:
359:
311:
289:
207:
99:
74:
1198:"Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of Cannabaceae"
410:, while the female ones are shorter and bear fewer flowers. The
2753:
2720:
2327:
2138:
800:
502:
426:
419:
415:
411:
347:
299:
197:
1328:
Zavada MS, Kim M (1996). "Phylogenetic analysis of
Ulmaceae".
979:, the common hop, has been the predominant bittering agent of
5080:
4867:
1195:
1117:
430:
145:
1372:
999:
980:
595:
Cannabaceae likely originated in East Asia during the Late
469:
374:
are always present and some members of this family possess
307:
is by far the largest genus, containing about 100 species.
294:
459:
389:(radially symmetrical) and not showy, as these plants are
1526:
991:
qualities. The young shoots can be used as a vegetable.
1026:
are used to produce either higher or lower yields of
1280:
393:. As an adaptation to this kind of pollination, the
1413:
987:and their ability to extend shelf life due to some
385:(distinct male and female plants). The flowers are
1002:for the production of fiber, as a source of cheap
5182:
1049:is used to produce high-end Chinese rice paper.
322:) are the most economically important species.
2422:
1512:
1455:
1418:(Cannabaceae) utilization from 2500-year-old
1844:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
476:Cannabaceae comprises the following genera:
1228:
1519:
1505:
345:Members of this family can be trees (e.g.
110:
1327:
1222:
1104:
458:
3960:
1089:
1087:
1085:
5183:
2729:
1191:
1189:
4762:
4761:
2718:
1500:
1485:Cannabaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF
614:suggest the following relationships:
5145:cfffe8cc-dac4-4437-be0a-a5ccb18b852f
5086:781105EC-B646-5A52-9086-01CA829BE048
5047:8383f733-dd8b-4f2f-918a-ad89785cd9d9
1287:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
1082:
1058:
1186:
13:
5099:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126717-1
14:
5212:
5201:Extant Turonian first appearances
1478:
1180:"Cannabaceae | plant family"
443:
4742:
4741:
620:Cladogram of Cannabaceae genera
132:
42:
1449:
1407:
1366:
310:Cannabaceae is a member of the
1321:
1274:
1248:
1172:
340:
1:
1456:Alexi Duggins (18 May 2015).
1093:Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)
1052:
603:~94β90 million years ago) of
1424:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1235:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1099:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
590:
468:with nearly mature flowers (
7:
438:
10:
5217:
1022:in pistilate flowers, and
454:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
357:), or twining herbs (e.g.
18:
4770:
4737:
4699:
4681:
4658:
4635:
4567:
4529:
4481:
4470:
4333:
4295:
4277:
4259:
4221:
4198:
4180:
4157:
4146:
4019:
3971:
3908:
3705:
3682:
3671:
3597:
3579:
3521:
3458:
3425:
3402:
3354:
3256:
3245:
3193:
3000:
2977:
2954:
2896:
2848:
2815:
2762:
2751:
2747:
2626:
2615:
2588:
2570:
2552:
2504:
2471:
2453:
2444:
2413:
2326:
2273:
2235:
2212:
2129:
2066:
2028:
2000:
1982:
1899:
1881:
1866:
1835:
1783:
1740:
1712:
1689:
1680:
1669:
1637:
1609:
1591:
1580:
1540:
1436:10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.034
1393:10.1007/s00606-004-0186-3
994:Some plants in the genus
871:
845:
828:
821:
814:
797:
790:
764:
747:
740:
733:
716:
709:
692:
685:
668:
661:
638:
631:
248:
241:
234:
229:
129:Scientific classification
127:
118:
109:
30:
1256:"!!Cannabaceae Martinov"
1041:Many trees in the genus
19:Not to be confused with
5152:Watson & Dallwitz:
963:
612:molecular phylogenetics
414:is made of two connate
1101:, retrieved 2014-02-25
878: (including
473:
391:pollinated by the wind
381:Cannabaceae are often
5068:Paleobiology Database
1151:10.3732/ajb.89.9.1531
1016:infused food products
462:
351:), erect herbs (e.g.
1422:, Xinjiang, China",
1231:"Cannabaceae Genera"
1229:Stevens PF. (2017).
1028:tetrahydrocannabinol
425:The fruit can be an
1344:1996PSyEv.200...13Z
4587:Pentaphragmataceae
3805:Stegnospermataceae
3697:Berberidopsidaceae
3321:Pentadiplandraceae
1808:Atherospermataceae
1490:2016-03-04 at the
1352:10.1007/BF00984745
1024:selective breeding
998:are cultivated as
474:
5178:
5177:
5055:Open Tree of Life
4764:Taxon identifiers
4755:
4754:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4544:Cardiopteridaceae
4466:
4465:
4343:Plocospermataceae
4142:
4141:
3956:
3955:
3895:Anacampserotaceae
3755:Ancistrocladaceae
3684:Berberidopsidales
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3607:Biebersteiniaceae
3488:Sphaerosepalaceae
3374:Strasburgeriaceae
3291:Setchellanthaceae
3241:
3240:
2714:
2713:
2656:Cercidiphyllaceae
2611:
2610:
2440:
2439:
2409:
2408:
1862:
1861:
1831:
1830:
1665:
1664:
1647:Austrobaileyaceae
1299:10.1111/jse.12552
961:
960:
956:
955:
947:
946:
938:
937:
929:
928:
920:
919:
911:
910:
902:
901:
893:
892:
860:
859:
779:
778:
585:
574:
563:
552:
541:
530:
519:
508:
497:
487:
331:herbaceous plants
260:
259:
254:
225:
5208:
5171:
5170:
5158:
5157:
5148:
5147:
5135:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5112:
5111:
5102:
5101:
5089:
5088:
5076:
5075:
5063:
5062:
5050:
5049:
5040:
5039:
5027:
5026:
5024:NBNSYS0100002181
5014:
5013:
5001:
5000:
4988:
4987:
4975:
4974:
4962:
4961:
4949:
4948:
4936:
4935:
4923:
4922:
4910:
4909:
4897:
4896:
4884:
4883:
4871:
4870:
4858:
4857:
4845:
4844:
4832:
4831:
4819:
4818:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4759:
4758:
4745:
4744:
4479:
4478:
4428:Thomandersiaceae
4418:Lentibulariaceae
4378:Scrophulariaceae
4358:Tetrachondraceae
4155:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4134:Mitrastemonaceae
4064:Pentaphylacaceae
4039:Tetrameristaceae
3986:Hydrostachyaceae
3969:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3760:Rhabdodendraceae
3750:Dioncophyllaceae
3680:
3679:
3513:Dipterocarpaceae
3450:Dipentodontaceae
3394:Crossosomataceae
3369:Geissolomataceae
3254:
3253:
3115:Chrysobalanaceae
3020:Ctenolophonaceae
2987:Lepidobotryaceae
2777:Anisophylleaceae
2760:
2759:
2749:
2748:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2691:Tetracarpaeaceae
2686:Aphanopetalaceae
2661:Daphniphyllaceae
2624:
2623:
2613:
2612:
2562:Trochodendraceae
2524:Circaeasteraceae
2451:
2450:
2432:Ceratophyllaceae
2420:
2419:
2096:Alstroemeriaceae
1959:Potamogetonaceae
1934:Scheuchzeriaceae
1929:Hydrocharitaceae
1879:
1878:
1842:
1841:
1722:Aristolochiaceae
1687:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1639:Austrobaileyales
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:Basalangiosperms
1567:Acrogymnospermae
1529:flowering plants
1521:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1377:(Celtidaceae)".
1370:
1364:
1363:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1145:(9): 1531β1546,
1115:
1102:
1091:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1062:
824:
823:
817:
816:
793:
792:
743:
742:
736:
735:
712:
711:
688:
687:
664:
663:
634:
633:
627:
626:
617:
616:
583:
572:
561:
550:
539:
528:
517:
506:
496:
485:
271:flowering plants
252:
221:
137:
136:
114:
104:
41:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5166:
5161:
5153:
5151:
5143:
5138:
5130:
5128:
5120:
5115:
5107:
5105:
5097:
5092:
5084:
5079:
5071:
5066:
5058:
5053:
5045:
5043:
5035:
5030:
5022:
5017:
5009:
5004:
4996:
4991:
4983:
4978:
4970:
4965:
4957:
4952:
4944:
4939:
4931:
4926:
4918:
4913:
4905:
4900:
4892:
4887:
4879:
4874:
4866:
4861:
4853:
4848:
4840:
4835:
4827:
4822:
4814:
4809:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4766:
4756:
4751:
4713:
4709:Paracryphiaceae
4695:
4677:
4654:
4631:
4563:
4525:
4496:Torricelliaceae
4475:
4462:
4363:Calceolariaceae
4348:Carlemanniaceae
4329:
4291:
4273:
4255:
4217:
4194:
4176:
4151:
4138:
4015:
3965:
3952:
3928:Balanophoraceae
3904:
3815:Lophiocarpaceae
3795:Achatocarpaceae
3790:Caryophyllaceae
3780:Macarthuriaceae
3745:Drosophyllaceae
3701:
3676:
3651:
3593:
3575:
3561:Crypteroniaceae
3556:Melastomataceae
3517:
3454:
3421:
3398:
3356:Crossosomatales
3350:
3326:Gyrostemonaceae
3296:Koeberliniaceae
3250:
3237:
3189:
3180:Picrodendraceae
3145:Lacistemataceae
3105:Dichapetalaceae
3080:Centroplacaceae
3070:Lophopyxidaceae
3030:Erythroxylaceae
2996:
2973:
2950:
2892:
2844:
2811:
2782:Corynocarpaceae
2756:
2743:
2723:
2710:
2671:Grossulariaceae
2620:
2607:
2584:
2566:
2554:Trochodendrales
2548:
2529:Lardizabalaceae
2500:
2467:
2436:
2424:Ceratophyllales
2415:Ceratophyllidae
2405:
2396:Ecdeiocoleaceae
2386:Flagellariaceae
2322:
2269:
2231:
2208:
2179:Tecophilaeaceae
2149:Blandfordiaceae
2125:
2091:Petermanniaceae
2076:Campynemataceae
2062:
2024:
1996:
1978:
1939:Aponogetonaceae
1895:
1870:
1858:
1827:
1779:
1765:Himantandraceae
1736:
1708:
1674:
1672:Mesangiospermae
1661:
1633:
1605:
1581:
1576:
1557:Marchantiophyta
1536:
1525:
1492:Wayback Machine
1481:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1454:
1450:
1416:Cannabis sativa
1412:
1408:
1380:Plant Syst Evol
1371:
1367:
1331:Plant Syst Evol
1326:
1322:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1223:
1194:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1116:
1105:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1055:
976:Humulus lupulus
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
861:
780:
593:
465:Humulus lupulus
446:
441:
343:
303:(hackberries).
273:, known as the
220:
131:
121:Cannabis sativa
105:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
36:
35:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5214:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5196:Rosid families
5193:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5168:wfo-7000000109
5159:
5149:
5136:
5126:
5113:
5103:
5090:
5077:
5064:
5051:
5041:
5028:
5015:
5002:
4989:
4976:
4963:
4950:
4937:
4924:
4911:
4898:
4885:
4872:
4859:
4846:
4833:
4820:
4807:
4792:
4776:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4701:Paracryphiales
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4691:Escalloniaceae
4687:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4673:Caprifoliaceae
4670:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4645:Columelliaceae
4641:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4607:Argophyllaceae
4604:
4599:
4597:Alseuosmiaceae
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4549:Phyllonomaceae
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4516:Myodocarpaceae
4513:
4508:
4506:Pittosporaceae
4503:
4501:Griseliniaceae
4498:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4476:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4423:Schlegeliaceae
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4373:Plantaginaceae
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4320:Sphenocleaceae
4317:
4312:
4307:
4305:Convolvulaceae
4301:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4190:Metteniusaceae
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4152:
4147:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4104:Sarraceniaceae
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4044:Fouquieriaceae
4041:
4036:
4034:Marcgraviaceae
4031:
4025:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3961:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3938:Misodendraceae
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:Phytolaccaceae
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3775:Asteropeiaceae
3772:
3767:
3765:Simmondsiaceae
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Plumbaginaceae
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3707:Caryophyllales
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3508:Sarcolaenaceae
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3435:Gerrardinaceae
3431:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3251:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3223:Elaeocarpaceae
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3185:Phyllanthaceae
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Passifloraceae
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3075:Putranjivaceae
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3050:Calophyllaceae
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3025:Rhizophoraceae
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2969:Zygophyllaceae
2966:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2883:Ticodendraceae
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:Hamamelidaceae
2648:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2616:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2598:Myrothamnaceae
2594:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Menispermaceae
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2391:Joinvilleaceae
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:Strelitziaceae
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2260:Pontederiaceae
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2222:Dasypogonaceae
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2199:Amaryllidaceae
2196:
2191:
2189:Xeronemataceae
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1992:Petrosaviaceae
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1854:Chloranthaceae
1850:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:Calycanthaceae
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1657:Schisandraceae
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1562:Polypodiophyta
1559:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1479:External links
1477:
1475:
1474:
1448:
1430:(3): 414β422,
1406:
1365:
1320:
1293:(4): 461β473.
1273:
1247:
1221:
1216:10.12705/623.9
1210:(3): 473β485.
1185:
1171:
1103:
1081:
1056:
1054:
1051:
965:
962:
959:
958:
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953:
950:
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621:
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588:
587:
576:
565:
554:
543:
532:
521:
510:
499:
498:βHemp (3 spp.)
489:
445:
444:Classification
442:
440:
437:
342:
339:
329:), others are
258:
257:
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255:
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245:
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33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5213:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4748:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4683:Escalloniales
4680:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4612:Menyanthaceae
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:Campanulaceae
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4559:Aquifoliaceae
4557:
4555:
4554:Helwingiaceae
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:Stemonuraceae
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4491:Pennantiaceae
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4469:
4459:
4458:Orobanchaceae
4456:
4454:
4453:Paulowniaceae
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Linderniaceae
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4182:Metteniusales
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4167:Oncothecaceae
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4114:Actinidiaceae
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4094:Diapensiaceae
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4054:Lecythidaceae
4052:
4050:
4049:Polemoniaceae
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:Balsaminaceae
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3991:Hydrangeaceae
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3959:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:Schoepfiaceae
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Portulacaceae
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:Halophytaceae
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3860:Molluginaceae
3858:
3856:
3855:Nyctaginaceae
3853:
3851:
3850:Sarcobataceae
3848:
3846:
3845:Petiveriaceae
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Amaranthaceae
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:Frankeniaceae
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Aextoxicaceae
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3674:Superasterids
3670:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3642:Simaroubaceae
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Anacardiaceae
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3589:Picramniaceae
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:Thymelaeaceae
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Muntingiaceae
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Stachyuraceae
3387:
3385:
3384:Guamatelaceae
3382:
3380:
3379:Staphyleaceae
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:Emblingiaceae
3309:
3307:
3306:Salvadoraceae
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3286:Limnanthaceae
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Tropaeolaceae
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3233:Brunelliaceae
3231:
3229:
3228:Cephalotaceae
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:Ixonanthaceae
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Euphorbiaceae
3163:
3161:
3160:Rafflesiaceae
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3110:Euphroniaceae
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:Malpighiaceae
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Caryocaraceae
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Podostemaceae
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2956:Zygophyllales
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:Casuarinaceae
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Nothofagaceae
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:Tetramelaceae
2795:
2793:
2792:Cucurbitaceae
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Apodanthaceae
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2707:
2706:Cynomoriaceae
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Saxifragaceae
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Peridiscaceae
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2544:Ranunculaceae
2542:
2540:
2539:Berberidaceae
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Nelumbonaceae
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:Eriocaulaceae
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2318:Zingiberaceae
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Heliconiaceae
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2265:Haemodoraceae
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Commelinaceae
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:Asphodelaceae
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:Ixioliriaceae
2172:
2170:
2169:Doryanthaceae
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Melanthiaceae
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Cyclanthaceae
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2020:Dioscoreaceae
2018:
2016:
2015:Burmanniaceae
2013:
2011:
2010:Nartheciaceae
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1984:Petrosaviales
1981:
1975:
1974:Cymodoceaceae
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Posidoniaceae
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Juncaginaceae
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Tofieldiaceae
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1846:Chloranthales
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Chloranthidae
1834:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Hernandiaceae
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:Gomortegaceae
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:Eupomatiaceae
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Degeneriaceae
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Myristicaceae
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Hydatellaceae
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1601:Amborellaceae
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:Yanghai Tombs
1417:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:(1): 85β109.
1386:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1095:"Cannabaceae"
1090:
1088:
1086:
1071:
1070:www.mobot.org
1067:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1034:, as well as
1033:
1030:(THC), other
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:parthenocarpy
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:dried flowers
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
989:antimicrobial
986:
982:
978:
977:
972:
970:
969:Carbon dating
952:
951:
943:
942:
934:
933:
925:
924:
916:
915:
907:
906:
898:
897:
889:
888:
885:
883:
882:
877:
876:
869:
868:
865:
864:
856:
855:
852:
851:
850:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
833:
826:
825:
819:
818:
812:
811:
808:
807:
804:
803:
802:
795:
794:
788:
787:
784:
783:
775:
774:
771:
770:
769:
762:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
752:
745:
744:
738:
737:
731:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
721:
714:
713:
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
697:
690:
689:
683:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
673:
666:
665:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
648:
646:
642:
636:
635:
629:
628:
624:
623:
619:
618:
615:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
582:
581:
577:
571:
570:
566:
560:
559:
555:
549:
548:
544:
542:βHop (3 spp.)
538:
537:
533:
527:
526:
522:
516:
515:
511:
509:(73β109 spp.)
505:
504:
500:
495:
494:
490:
484:
483:
479:
478:
477:
471:
467:
466:
461:
457:
455:
451:
436:
434:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:actinomorphic
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
349:
338:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
301:
296:
292:
291:
286:
285:
280:
279:circumscribed
276:
272:
268:
264:
250:
249:
247:
244:
240:
237:
233:
228:
224:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:Tracheophytes
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
135:
130:
126:
123:
122:
117:
113:
108:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
39:
29:
26:
22:
4771:
4622:Calyceraceae
4617:Goodeniaceae
4602:Phellinaceae
4592:Stylidiaceae
4531:Aquifoliales
4413:Bignoniaceae
4398:Martyniaceae
4368:Gesneriaceae
4325:Hydroleaceae
4315:Montiniaceae
4269:Boraginaceae
4246:Gelsemiaceae
4236:Gentianaceae
4208:Eucommiaceae
4109:Roridulaceae
4089:Symplocaceae
4059:Sladeniaceae
4001:Curtisiaceae
3948:Loranthaceae
3870:Didiereaceae
3825:Barbeuiaceae
3785:Microteaceae
3740:Nepenthaceae
3730:Polygonaceae
3720:Tamaricaceae
3612:Nitrariaceae
3581:Picramniales
3546:Vochysiaceae
3531:Combretaceae
3445:Tapisciaceae
3440:Petenaeaceae
3346:Brassicaceae
3100:Trigoniaceae
3095:Balanopaceae
3060:Hypericaceae
3040:Bonnetiaceae
3015:Irvingiaceae
3002:Malpighiales
2992:Celastraceae
2964:Krameriaceae
2935:
2921:Elaeagnaceae
2916:Dirachmaceae
2873:Juglandaceae
2840:Polygalaceae
2825:Quillajaceae
2787:Coriariaceae
2764:Cucurbitales
2701:Haloragaceae
2696:Penthoraceae
2681:Crassulaceae
2646:Altingiaceae
2628:Saxifragales
2580:Dilleniaceae
2519:Papaveraceae
2514:Eupteleaceae
2506:Ranunculales
2414:
2381:Restionaceae
2341:Bromeliaceae
2275:Zingiberales
2255:Philydraceae
2245:Hanguanaceae
2237:Commelinales
2204:Asparagaceae
2164:Hypoxidaceae
2111:Ripogonaceae
2106:Philesiaceae
2101:Colchicaceae
2043:Velloziaceae
2038:Triuridaceae
2002:Dioscoreales
1919:Alismataceae
1867:
1836:
1798:Siparunaceae
1755:Magnoliaceae
1652:Trimeniaceae
1629:Nymphaeaceae
1593:Amborellales
1572:Angiospermae
1527:Families of
1465:. Retrieved
1462:The Guardian
1461:
1451:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1338:(1): 13β20.
1335:
1329:
1323:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1259:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:
1224:
1207:
1201:
1174:
1142:
1136:
1135:sequences",
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1098:
1073:. Retrieved
1069:
1060:
1042:
1040:
1032:cannabinoids
995:
993:
974:
973:
967:
879:
873:
872:
847:
846:
830:
829:
799:
798:
766:
765:
749:
748:
718:
717:
694:
693:
670:
669:
657:
639:
609:
594:
586:(12β42 spp.)
578:
567:
556:
545:
534:
523:
512:
501:
491:
480:
475:
463:
447:
435:
424:
380:
365:
358:
352:
346:
344:
334:
326:
324:
319:
315:
309:
304:
298:
288:
282:
274:
262:
261:
251:Celtidaceae
235:
217:
191:
178:
165:
152:
119:
25:
5191:Cannabaceae
4967:iNaturalist
4920:Cannabaceae
4829:Cannabaceae
4802:Cannabaceae
4796:Wikispecies
4772:Cannabaceae
4577:Rousseaceae
4473:Campanulids
4433:Verbenaceae
4408:Acanthaceae
4403:Pedaliaceae
4393:Byblidaceae
4261:Boraginales
4251:Apocynaceae
4241:Loganiaceae
4223:Gentianales
4172:Icacinaceae
4124:Cyrillaceae
4119:Clethraceae
4099:Styracaceae
4079:Primulaceae
4006:Grubbiaceae
3933:Santalaceae
3875:Basellaceae
3830:Gisekiaceae
3770:Physenaceae
3735:Droseraceae
3632:Sapindaceae
3622:Burseraceae
3566:Alzateaceae
3478:Neuradaceae
3417:Francoaceae
3412:Geraniaceae
3364:Aphloiaceae
3336:Capparaceae
3316:Tovariaceae
3276:Moringaceae
3258:Brassicales
3218:Cunoniaceae
3213:Oxalidaceae
3208:Connaraceae
3125:Achariaceae
3120:Humiriaceae
3085:Elatinaceae
2979:Celastrales
2936:Cannabaceae
2911:Barbeyaceae
2835:Surianaceae
2807:Begoniaceae
2802:Datiscaceae
2641:Paeoniaceae
2618:Superrosids
2603:Gunneraceae
2572:Dilleniales
2491:Platanaceae
2366:Thurniaceae
2346:Rapateaceae
2308:Marantaceae
2159:Lanariaceae
2154:Asteliaceae
2139:Orchidaceae
2131:Asparagales
2116:Smilacaceae
2058:Pandanaceae
2048:Stemonaceae
1954:Zosteraceae
1949:Maundiaceae
1901:Alismatales
1818:Monimiaceae
1742:Magnoliales
1727:Saururaceae
1704:Winteraceae
1699:Canellaceae
1682:Magnoliidae
1624:Cabombaceae
1611:Nymphaeales
1544:Supergroup
1047:Pteroceltis
832:Pteroceltis
658:Cannabaceae
569:Pteroceltis
564:(5β10 spp.)
341:Description
318:) and hop (
275:hemp family
265:is a small
263:Cannabaceae
218:Cannabaceae
172:Angiosperms
31:Cannabaceae
5185:Categories
4985:77126717-1
4660:Dipsacales
4650:Bruniaceae
4627:Asteraceae
4511:Araliaceae
4448:Phrymaceae
4383:Stilbaceae
4310:Solanaceae
4287:Vahliaceae
4213:Garryaceae
4159:Icacinales
4069:Sapotaceae
3923:Opiliaceae
3910:Santalales
3885:Talinaceae
3865:Montiaceae
3617:Kirkiaceae
3599:Sapindales
3571:Penaeaceae
3541:Onagraceae
3536:Lythraceae
3468:Cytinaceae
3427:Huerteales
3404:Geraniales
3341:Cleomaceae
3331:Resedaceae
3281:Caricaceae
3266:Akaniaceae
3195:Oxalidales
3150:Salicaceae
3135:Goupiaceae
3045:Clusiaceae
2946:Urticaceae
2926:Rhamnaceae
2888:Betulaceae
2868:Myricaceae
2590:Gunnerales
2496:Proteaceae
2376:Cyperaceae
2361:Mayacaceae
2351:Xyridaceae
2081:Corsiaceae
2030:Pandanales
1969:Ruppiaceae
1924:Butomaceae
1775:Annonaceae
1732:Piperaceae
1691:Canellales
1075:2023-06-16
1053:References
1018:. Induced
985:bitterness
881:Parasponia
849:Chaetachme
696:Gironniera
672:Aphananthe
597:Cretaceous
558:Parasponia
525:Gironniera
514:Chaetachme
482:Aphananthe
376:laticifers
372:Cystoliths
4889:FloraBase
4668:Adoxaceae
4637:Bruniales
4569:Asterales
4438:Lamiaceae
4297:Solanales
4279:Vahliales
4231:Rubiaceae
4200:Garryales
4129:Ericaceae
4074:Ebenaceae
4011:Cornaceae
3996:Loasaceae
3981:Nyssaceae
3918:Olacaceae
3900:Cactaceae
3835:Aizoaceae
3810:Limeaceae
3647:Meliaceae
3551:Myrtaceae
3503:Cistaceae
3483:Malvaceae
3130:Violaceae
3035:Ochnaceae
3010:Pandaceae
2481:Sabiaceae
2473:Proteales
2371:Juncaceae
2336:Typhaceae
2313:Costaceae
2303:Cannaceae
2288:Lowiaceae
2227:Arecaceae
2184:Iridaceae
2144:Boryaceae
2121:Liliaceae
1891:Acoraceae
1823:Lauraceae
1714:Piperales
1552:Bryophyta
1315:214188503
1307:1674-4918
1167:207690258
1066:"Rosales"
720:Lozanella
591:Phylogeny
547:Lozanella
450:Urticales
383:dioecious
277:. As now
236:See text
142:Kingdom:
21:Cannaceae
5155:cannabid
5140:VicFlora
5129:VASCAN:
5122:42000051
5117:Tropicos
5106:SEINet:
4781:Wikidata
4747:Category
4521:Apiaceae
4443:Mazaceae
4353:Oleaceae
4335:Lamiales
4084:Theaceae
4021:Ericales
3973:Cornales
3963:Asterids
3820:Kewaceae
3637:Rutaceae
3523:Myrtales
3498:Bixaceae
3460:Malvales
3301:Bataceae
3170:Linaceae
3155:Peraceae
2941:Moraceae
2931:Ulmaceae
2906:Rosaceae
2863:Fagaceae
2830:Fabaceae
2739:Vitaceae
2666:Iteaceae
2463:Buxaceae
2446:Eudicots
2298:Musaceae
2214:Arecales
2068:Liliales
1883:Acorales
1873:Monocots
1785:Laurales
1488:Archived
1444:16879937
1401:10298681
1360:44056978
1260:Tropicos
1159:21665755
1138:Am J Bot
1036:terpenes
1012:extracts
996:Cannabis
751:Cannabis
645:outgroup
641:Moraceae
601:Turonian
553:(2 spp.)
531:(6 spp.)
529:Gaudich.
493:Cannabis
488:(5 spp.)
439:Taxonomy
408:panicles
368:stipules
354:Cannabis
335:Cannabis
316:Cannabis
287:(hemp),
284:Cannabis
243:Synonyms
223:Martinov
214:Family:
185:Eudicots
40:- recent
38:Turonian
4787:Q156338
4483:Apiales
4149:Lamiids
3248:Malvids
3203:Huaceae
2898:Rosales
2850:Fagales
2817:Fabales
2731:Vitales
2455:Buxales
2401:Poaceae
1909:Araceae
1868:Lilidae
1467:24 July
1340:Bibcode
1266:4 April
1240:4 April
768:Humulus
643: (
610:Modern
605:Sarawak
575:(1 sp.)
551:Greenm.
536:Humulus
520:(1 sp.)
518:Planch.
486:Planch.
420:stamens
416:carpels
399:corolla
360:Humulus
320:Humulus
312:Rosales
290:Humulus
230:Genera
208:Rosales
204:Order:
146:Plantae
5044:NZOR:
4998:112585
4842:126272
2754:Fabids
2721:Rosids
2328:Poales
1533:APG IV
1442:
1399:
1358:
1313:
1305:
1262:. 2017
1165:
1157:
1131:, and
1043:Celtis
801:Celtis
573:Maxim.
503:Celtis
427:achene
412:pistil
348:Celtis
333:(e.g.
327:Celtis
305:Celtis
300:Celtis
297:) and
267:family
198:Rosids
5081:Plazi
5073:55605
5060:83996
5011:19118
4993:IRMNG
4972:53781
4933:10154
4915:FoAO2
4907:10154
4894:23410
4881:1CAIF
4816:54572
1546:Plant
1397:S2CID
1375:Trema
1356:S2CID
1311:S2CID
1203:Taxon
1163:S2CID
1014:, or
875:Trema
584:Lour.
580:Trema
431:drupe
429:or a
404:cymes
395:calyx
253:Endl.
192:Clade
179:Clade
166:Clade
153:Clade
5109:5435
5094:POWO
5037:3481
5032:NCBI
5006:ITIS
4980:IPNI
4954:GRIN
4946:2384
4941:GBIF
4876:EPPO
4868:4448
4837:BOLD
4824:ATRF
4811:APNI
1469:2024
1440:PMID
1303:ISSN
1268:2017
1242:2017
1155:PMID
1133:ndhF
1125:trnL
1121:rbcL
1000:hemp
981:beer
964:Uses
562:Miq.
470:hops
397:and
295:hops
45:Preκ
5163:WFO
5132:104
5019:NBN
4959:205
4928:FoC
4902:FNA
4863:EoL
4855:7NV
4850:CoL
1432:doi
1428:108
1389:doi
1385:248
1348:doi
1336:200
1295:doi
1212:doi
1147:doi
1004:oil
363:).
337:).
269:of
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4826::
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4798::
4783::
1460:.
1438:,
1426:,
1395:.
1383:.
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1334:.
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1301:.
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1289:.
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1233:.
1208:62
1206:.
1200:.
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1161:,
1153:,
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1010:,
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540:L.
507:L.
433:.
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95:Pg
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1149::
1129:F
1127:β
1078:.
472:)
293:(
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:κ
23:.
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