54:
2002:
33:
1990:
548:
and this can lead to interesting decorative effects. Cultivars with ornamental foliage are usually selected for reddish and golden leaf colour. A few forms can be silvery grey. Many of the ornamental foliage forms change colour with the onset of winter weather, usually increasing in intensity of colour. Some forms are grown for distinctive young spring foliage.
547:
Different cultivars have flower colours ranging from white, through pink and a wide range of purples, and including reds. The flowering season with different cultivars extends from late July to
November in the northern hemisphere. The flowers may turn brown but still remain on the plants over winter,
390:. Koch et al. elucidate the mechanism of activity that results in the loss of the parasite's flagellum, leading to reduced infectivity, because the flagellum is crucial to anchoring in the insect gut.
776:
Heather stalks are used by a small industry in
Scotland as a raw material for sentimental jewellery. The stalks are stripped of bark, dyed in bright colours and then compressed with resin.
694:"ale is frequently made of the young tops of heath, mixing two thirds of that plant with one of malt, sometimes adding hops". "Heath Beer" is mentioned in the recipe book of
1172:
1086:
1868:"Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicineâan unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"
1146:
1866:
Vogl, S; Picker, P; Mihaly-Bison, J; Fakhrudin, N; Atanasov, A. G.; Heiss, E. H.; Wawrosch, C; Reznicek, G; Dirsch, V. M.; Saukel, J; Kopp, B (2013).
264:
growing to 20 to 50 centimetres (8 to 20 in) tall, or rarely to 1 metre (40 in) and taller, and is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on
2607:
2205:
631:
Heather is an important food source for various sheep and deer which can graze the tips of the plants when snow covers low-growing vegetation.
2682:
2244:
1832:
782:
herb has been used in the traditional
Austrian medicine internally as tea for treatment of disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract.
2790:
2280:
157:
2532:
2153:
1224:
2620:
2558:
2218:
2166:
1150:
2705:
291:
woodland. It is tolerant of grazing and regenerates following occasional burning, and is often managed in nature reserves and
1087:"Countries (or multi-country features) with distribution records for Calluna vulgaris in the Global Invasive Species Database"
314:
are generally larger and in whorls of 3â4, sometimes 5. It flowers from July to
September. In wild plants these are normally
2648:
2769:
2953:
2625:
2223:
1090:
2948:
964:
2496:
1994:
1769:
1328:
940:
346:
is sometimes referred to as Summer (or Autumn) heather to distinguish it from winter or spring flowering species of
2923:
2885:
2545:
2342:
2006:
2687:
2249:
1666:
1302:
804:
flees through the heather, when heather and
Scotland are linked in the same sentence, the heather talked about is
2594:
2192:
1510:
1406:
528:
in the North Island, as well as the
Wilderness Reserve (Te Anau) in the South Island, overgrowing native plants.
2928:
2913:
2710:
1718:
1484:
2808:
1536:
2669:
2298:
2231:
1692:
1354:
1250:
825:. It was chosen as a national flower on the basis of a vote of popularity in a Norwegian radio show in 1976.
710:
1614:
1562:
2524:
2426:
1588:
1276:
2816:
2408:
2075:
1819:
552:
380:
contains a megastigmane, callunene, that is inhibitory at naturally occurring concentrations to a common
2145:
2132:
1380:
746:
until stirred, when it becomes a syrup like other honey, but then sets again to a jelly. This makes the
2803:
2389:
2293:
1640:
1458:
1432:
832:
2563:
1064:
2890:
2697:
2643:
2511:
2347:
2259:
2171:
408:
174:
1801:"Most people today consider it the best of all honeys, but this was not always so." Alice M. Coats,
903:
In favorable conditions, old plants can grow to the height of a man, and have hidden many a fugitive
53:
2943:
2938:
1198:
2661:
1089:. Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Archived from
2462:
2285:
2140:
1788:
521:
2864:
2795:
2612:
2519:
2127:
2018:
544:, selected for variation in flower colour and for different foliage colour and growing habits.
416:
2759:
2210:
1836:
1111:
2933:
2844:
649:) feed on it, and can cause extensive mortality in some instances. The larvae of a number of
556:
435:
369:
and a novel phenolic glycoside, most of which are found in greater number during the summer.
196:
2736:
2586:
2272:
1916:
728:
being moved there in late summer. Not always as valued as it is today, it was dismissed as
488:. It has been introduced into many other places worldwide with suitable climates, including
2470:
2101:
1028:
989:
8:
2918:
2754:
821:
714:
508:, surviving severe exposure and freezing conditions well below â20 °C (â4 °F).
2782:
1032:
993:
2958:
2872:
2329:
1892:
1867:
1017:"Flagellum Removal by a Nectar Metabolite Inhibits Infectivity of a Bumblebee Parasite"
836:
695:
645:
529:
505:
48:
1960:
2731:
2444:
2267:
2088:
2056:
1897:
1765:
1138:
1046:
1001:
960:
936:
799:
738:. Heather honey has a characteristic strong taste, and an unusual texture, for it is
358:
532:
have been released to stop the heather, with preliminary trials successful to date.
2877:
2550:
2334:
1887:
1879:
1036:
997:
747:
671:
655:
517:
501:
454:
366:
2449:
2400:
2093:
2067:
2718:
2635:
2413:
2080:
848:
766:
758:
386:
381:
339:
327:
250:
91:
2854:
2821:
2674:
2236:
1782:
876:
2777:
2321:
2041:
980:(1982). "Phenolic composition and its seasonal variation in Calluna vulgaris".
770:
762:
757:
White heather is regarded in
Scotland as being lucky, a tradition brought from
683:
458:
78:
2746:
1883:
1041:
1016:
2907:
2501:
854:
812:
706:
632:
525:
489:
481:
403:
213:
2834:
2374:
2311:
1901:
1050:
1014:
977:
318:, but white-flowered plants also occur occasionally. They are terminal in
1015:
Koch, H.; Woodward, J.; Langat, M.; Brown. M.J.F.; Stevenson P.C. (2019).
975:
306:
has small-scale leaves (less than 2â3 mm long) borne in opposite and
2656:
2571:
2436:
2383:
2179:
2050:
914:
739:
735:
675:
650:
497:
307:
292:
2723:
750:
of the honey from the comb difficult, and it is therefore often sold as
2537:
2158:
751:
636:
147:
2576:
2184:
1139:"Biocontrol News and Information - Heather Beetle: from Doom to Boom?"
724:
is a highly valued product in moorland and heathland areas, with many
662:
Formerly heather was used to dye wool yellow and to tan leather. With
2483:
2114:
493:
425:
258:
254:
137:
2012:
930:
2829:
2368:
2306:
2035:
2001:
791:
725:
541:
430:), "beautify, sweep clean", in reference to its traditional use in
276:
127:
117:
104:
2599:
2488:
2119:
32:
2457:
2197:
639:
feed on the young shoots and seeds of this plant. Both adult and
477:
901:(1992 ed.). London, England, UK: London Press. p. 45.
2475:
2421:
1989:
1931:
1865:
816:
653:
species also feed on the plant, notably the small emperor moth
485:
473:
373:
319:
2106:
798:
speak of "fragrant hills of purple heather', when the hero of
721:
702:
691:
667:
640:
442:
431:
419:
323:
315:
272:
261:
241:
65:
679:
663:
284:
265:
1743:
Moss R & Parkinson J (1972) The digestion of heather (
516:
The plant was introduced to New
Zealand and has become an
743:
288:
280:
1787:. Unpublished manuscript (wellcome collection). p.
1961:"Norway's National Flower Explained - The Norway Guide"
295:
by sheep or cattle grazing, and also by light burning.
701:
From time immemorial heather has been used for making
268:
soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade.
1780:
670:, a mixture of flavourings used in the brewing of
1914:
931:A.R. Clapham; T. G. Tutin; E. F. Warburg (1981).
2905:
794:, where the plant grows widely. When poems like
326:at the base with a superior ovary, the fruit a
1762:A Tour in Scotland and Voyage to the Hebrides
401:was separated from the closely related genus
1136:
729:
464:
935:(3 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
921:, 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press.
461:each being in four parts instead of five.
31:
1891:
1040:
551:The following cultivars have gained the
2906:
1918:The heather in lore, lyric and lay ...
690:(1769) that on the Scottish island of
2017:
2016:
1955:
1953:
976:Mahbubul, A.F. Jalal; David J. Read;
896:
765:and sprigs of it are often sold as a
16:Flowering plant in the heather family
2698:56c33a56-3c2e-4e6d-b719-3adac20c31ac
2260:dd28ac60-983e-41bd-822f-4d1c883598ce
1764:(1772), New Ed. (Birlinn Ltd, 1998)
933:Excursion Flora of the British Isles
908:
1079:
1057:
874:
511:
13:
1950:
1932:"rĂžsslyng i Store norske leksikon"
924:
899:British Shrubs and Their Histories
14:
2970:
1982:
1818:Translated as "noughty honey" by
1803:Garden Shrubs and Their Histories
1179:. The Royal Horticultural Society
955:Parnell, P. and Curtis, T. 2012.
811:Purple heather is one of the two
271:It is the dominant plant in most
2809:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327305-1
2000:
1988:
1784:Recipe book of Lady Ann Fanshawe
52:
2299:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:14653-1
1924:
1908:
1859:
1850:
1835:. Tree for Life. Archived from
1825:
1812:
1795:
1774:
1754:
1737:
1711:
1685:
1659:
1633:
1607:
1581:
1555:
1529:
1503:
1477:
1451:
1425:
1399:
1373:
1347:
1321:
1295:
1269:
1243:
1229:'Alicia' (Garden Girls Series)"
1217:
1191:
1165:
1153:from the original on 2016-09-07
1130:
1104:
411:, who devised the generic name
1008:
969:
949:
919:New Flora of the British Isles
890:
868:
666:, heather is an ingredient in
564:'Alicia' (Garden Girls series)
298:
1:
1822:: noted in Coats (1964) 1992.
861:
790:Heather is seen as iconic of
785:
711:William Purvis (Blind Willie)
709:" a song probably written by
240:, is the sole species in the
1872:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1067:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1065:"Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull"
1002:10.1016/0031-9422(82)80150-7
535:
426:
353:
7:
2954:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1781:Fanshawe, Lady Ann (1651).
842:
835:of the Swedish province of
553:Royal Horticultural Society
520:in some areas, notably the
393:
10:
2975:
2949:Monotypic Ericaceae genera
1915:Alexander Wallace (1858).
1137:Simon Fowler (June 2001).
705:, a practice recorded in "
2358:
2025:
1884:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007
1833:"The Folklore of Heather"
1042:10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.037
734:, "unwholesome honey" by
409:Richard Anthony Salisbury
384:parasite of bumble bees,
202:
195:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
1751:) Br.J.Nutr. 27, 285â296
1749:Lagopus lagopus scoticus
959:. Cork University Press
897:Coats, Alice M. (1964).
877:"Ling â definition from"
465:Distribution and habitat
310:pairs, whereas those of
2924:Garden plants of Europe
1199:"Calluna Subcategories"
769:and worked into bridal
643:of the heather beetle (
626:
522:Tongariro National Park
504:. It is extremely cold-
449:is differentiated from
420:
279:in Europe, and in some
730:
698:(compiled from 1651).
283:vegetation and acidic
257:. It is a low-growing
2929:Garden plants of Asia
2914:Butterfly food plants
1671:'Velvet Fascination'"
957:Webb's An Irish Flora
557:Award of Garden Merit
540:There are many named
1997:at Wikimedia Commons
1173:"RHS - Find a plant"
879:. Biology-Online.org
796:Bonnie Auld Scotland
615:'Velvet Fascination'
1033:2019CBio...29E3494K
994:1982PChem..21.1397J
875:Matveev, Vladimir.
822:Saxifraga cotyledon
715:Newcastle-upon-Tyne
1965:thenorwayguide.com
1856:Coats (1964) 1992.
819:, the other being
688:A Tour in Scotland
678:before the use of
646:Lochmaea suturalis
415:probably from the
359:Phenolic compounds
2901:
2900:
2732:Open Tree of Life
2268:Open Tree of Life
2019:Taxon identifiers
1993:Media related to
1747:) by red grouse (
1541:'Robert Chapman'"
1307:'County Wicklow'"
1027:(20): 3494â3500.
713:(1752â1832) from
707:Buy Broom Buzzems
696:Lady Ann Fanshawe
600:'Robert Chapman'
361:in the shoots of
338:sometimes sports
221:
220:
177:
2966:
2894:
2893:
2881:
2880:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2798:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2760:Calluna vulgaris
2750:
2749:
2747:Calluna_vulgaris
2740:
2739:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2701:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2678:
2677:
2675:NBNSYS0000003902
2665:
2664:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2590:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2491:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2427:calluna-vulgaris
2417:
2416:
2404:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2390:Calluna vulgaris
2379:
2378:
2377:
2360:Calluna vulgaris
2351:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2325:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2302:
2301:
2289:
2288:
2276:
2275:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2239:
2237:NHMSYS0000456308
2227:
2226:
2214:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2110:
2109:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2014:
2013:
2005:Data related to
2004:
1995:Calluna vulgaris
1992:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1760:Thomas Pennant,
1758:
1752:
1745:Culluna vulgaris
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1721:Calluna vulgaris
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1697:'Wickwar Flame'"
1695:Calluna vulgaris
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1669:Calluna vulgaris
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1643:Calluna vulgaris
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1617:Calluna vulgaris
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1591:Calluna vulgaris
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1565:Calluna vulgaris
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1539:Calluna vulgaris
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1515:'Peter Sparkes'"
1513:Calluna vulgaris
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1487:Calluna vulgaris
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1461:Calluna vulgaris
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1435:Calluna vulgaris
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1411:'Elsie Purnell'"
1409:Calluna vulgaris
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1383:Calluna vulgaris
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1357:Calluna vulgaris
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1331:Calluna vulgaris
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1305:Calluna vulgaris
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1279:Calluna vulgaris
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1253:Calluna vulgaris
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1227:Calluna vulgaris
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1203:heatherworld.org
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1114:Calluna vulgaris
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1012:
1006:
1005:
988:(6): 1397â1401.
973:
967:
953:
947:
946:
928:
922:
912:
906:
905:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
872:
829:Calluna vulgaris
813:national flowers
806:Calluna vulgaris
780:Calluna vulgaris
733:
656:Saturnia pavonia
573:'County Wicklow'
512:Invasive species
502:Falkland Islands
470:Calluna vulgaris
429:
423:
378:Calluna vulgaris
367:chlorogenic acid
363:Calluna vulgaris
322:with sepal-like
225:Calluna vulgaris
208:
206:Calluna vulgaris
188:C. vulgaris
173:
57:
56:
42:Calluna vulgaris
35:
21:
20:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2944:Flora of Russia
2939:Flora of Europe
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2851:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2789:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2719:Observation.org
2717:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2681:
2673:
2668:
2660:
2655:
2647:
2642:
2634:
2633:MichiganFlora:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2433:
2425:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2354:
2346:
2341:
2333:
2328:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2266:
2258:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2021:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1913:
1909:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1817:
1813:
1800:
1796:
1779:
1775:
1759:
1755:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1619:'Spring Cream'"
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1567:'Silver Queen'"
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
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1205:. Heather World
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1021:Current Biology
1013:
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965:978-185918-4783
954:
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943:
929:
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913:
909:
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873:
869:
864:
849:Heath (habitat)
845:
833:province flower
788:
629:
624:
618:'Wickwar Flame'
597:'Peter Sparkes'
585:'Elsie Purnell'
538:
530:Heather beetles
514:
467:
434:. The specific
396:
387:Crithidia bombi
356:
301:
251:flowering plant
217:
210:
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51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2878:wfo-0000580837
2869:
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2335:wfo-4000006126
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2072:
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2023:
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2011:
2010:
2009:at Wikispecies
1998:
1984:
1983:External links
1981:
1978:
1977:
1949:
1938:(in Norwegian)
1923:
1907:
1858:
1849:
1824:
1820:William Turner
1811:
1794:
1773:
1753:
1736:
1723:'White Coral'"
1710:
1684:
1658:
1632:
1606:
1593:'Sister Anne'"
1580:
1554:
1528:
1502:
1489:'Kinlochruel'"
1476:
1450:
1424:
1398:
1372:
1346:
1333:'Dark Beauty'"
1320:
1294:
1281:'Beoley Gold'"
1268:
1242:
1216:
1190:
1164:
1129:
1103:
1078:
1056:
1007:
982:Phytochemistry
968:
948:
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866:
865:
863:
860:
859:
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844:
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784:
763:Queen Victoria
761:to England by
684:Thomas Pennant
628:
625:
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
609:'Spring Cream'
607:
604:
603:'Silver Queen'
601:
598:
595:
594:'Kinlochruel'
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
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466:
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445:for 'common'.
395:
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340:double flowers
300:
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230:common heather
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1878:(3): 750â71.
1877:
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1862:
1853:
1839:on 2008-04-25
1838:
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1821:
1815:
1808:
1805:(1964) 1992,
1804:
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1770:1-874744-88-2
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1093:on 2017-01-05
1092:
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942:0-521-23290-2
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837:VÀstergötland
834:
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669:
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658:
657:
652:
648:
647:
642:
638:
634:
633:Willow grouse
621:'White Coral'
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
606:'Sister Anne'
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
576:'Dark Beauty'
575:
572:
570:'Beoley Gold'
569:
566:
563:
562:
560:
558:
554:
549:
545:
543:
533:
531:
527:
526:Mount Ruapehu
523:
519:
518:invasive weed
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:North America
487:
483:
482:Faroe Islands
479:
475:
472:is native to
471:
462:
460:
456:
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448:
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428:
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417:Ancient Greek
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197:Binomial name
194:
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79:Tracheophytes
77:
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64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2934:Groundcovers
2359:
2026:
1969:. Retrieved
1967:. 2022-09-27
1964:
1940:. Retrieved
1935:
1926:
1917:
1910:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1852:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:the original
1827:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1783:
1776:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1720:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1694:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1668:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1642:
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1616:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1590:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1564:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1538:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1512:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1486:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1460:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1434:
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1408:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1382:
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:'Dark Star'"
1356:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1330:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1304:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1278:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:'Annemarie'"
1252:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1226:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1142:
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1113:
1106:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1059:
1024:
1020:
1010:
985:
981:
971:
956:
951:
932:
926:
918:
910:
902:
898:
892:
881:. Retrieved
870:
853:
828:
827:
820:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
779:
778:
775:
756:
731:mel improbum
719:
700:
687:
672:heather-beer
661:
654:
644:
630:
567:'Annemarie'
550:
546:
539:
515:
469:
468:
450:
446:
438:
412:
402:
398:
397:
385:
377:
371:
362:
357:
347:
343:
335:
331:
311:
303:
302:
293:grouse moors
270:
245:
244:
237:
236:, or simply
233:
229:
224:
223:
222:
205:
203:
187:
186:
168:
167:
111:
98:
85:
72:
41:
24:
18:
2783:kew-2692970
2657:NatureServe
2572:iNaturalist
2384:Wikispecies
2180:iNaturalist
2051:Wikispecies
1385:'Darkness'"
1143:PEST CABWeb
915:Clive Stace
740:thixotropic
736:Dioscurides
717:, England.
676:Middle Ages
674:during the
651:Lepidoptera
582:'Darkness'
579:'Dark Star'
498:New Zealand
382:trypanosome
299:Description
144:Subfamily:
92:Angiosperms
2919:Ericoideae
2908:Categories
2862:WisFlora:
2778:Plant List
1971:2022-09-28
1843:2013-04-08
1809:"Calluna".
1463:'Kerstin'"
1437:'Firefly'"
1177:rhs.org.uk
1097:2016-02-28
883:2010-01-27
862:References
786:In culture
752:comb honey
748:extraction
742:, being a
637:red grouse
591:'Kerstin'
484:, and the
148:Ericoideae
40:Flowering
2959:Subshrubs
2525:220002166
978:E. Haslam
917:, (2010)
801:Kidnapped
686:wrote in
588:'Firefly'
542:cultivars
536:Cultivars
494:Australia
354:Chemistry
330:. Unlike
308:decussate
273:heathland
259:evergreen
255:Ericaceae
182:Species:
138:Ericaceae
62:Kingdom:
2852:VASCAN:
2835:12300012
2830:Tropicos
2744:PalDat:
2662:2.150845
2613:10206724
2600:327304-1
2434:BioLib:
2369:Wikidata
2319:VASCAN:
2312:40035302
2307:Tropicos
2042:Q6983007
2036:Wikidata
1902:23770053
1703:12 April
1677:12 April
1651:12 April
1625:12 April
1599:12 April
1573:12 April
1547:12 April
1521:12 April
1495:12 April
1469:12 April
1443:12 April
1417:12 April
1391:12 April
1365:12 April
1339:12 April
1313:12 April
1287:12 April
1261:12 April
1235:12 April
1151:Archived
1122:12 April
1071:15 March
1051:31607528
843:See also
792:Scotland
771:bouquets
759:Balmoral
726:beehives
720:Heather
500:and the
439:vulgaris
394:Taxonomy
365:include
277:moorland
134:Family:
128:Ericales
118:Asterids
105:Eudicots
2845:4946305
2644:MoBotPF
2538:2882482
2458:Ecocrop
2211:1324919
2198:14653-1
2159:2882481
2057:Calluna
2027:Calluna
2007:Calluna
1893:3791396
1729:8 March
1209:8 March
1183:8 March
1157:18 July
1029:Bibcode
990:Bibcode
831:is the
478:Iceland
455:corolla
453:by its
447:Calluna
436:epithet
427:ÎșαλλÏÎœÏ
421:Kallyno
413:Calluna
399:Calluna
344:Calluna
336:Calluna
328:capsule
320:racemes
304:Calluna
253:family
249:in the
246:Calluna
238:heather
175:Salisb.
169:Calluna
164:Genus:
158:Ericeae
154:Tribe:
124:Order:
66:Plantae
25:Calluna
2891:993794
2842:uBio:
2791:PLANTS
2737:519874
2695:NZOR:
2649:279934
2577:119450
2512:calvul
2509:FEIS:
2502:169587
2476:583611
2422:ARKive
2401:142859
2398:APDB:
2375:Q26615
2348:993792
2281:PLANTS
2273:920905
2257:NZOR:
2185:119451
2146:105158
2133:105158
2068:188999
2065:APDB:
1942:27 May
1936:snl.no
1900:
1890:
1768:
1645:'Tib'"
1049:
963:
939:
817:Norway
703:besoms
612:'Tib'
486:Azores
480:, the
474:Europe
432:besoms
374:nectar
324:bracts
266:acidic
216:) Hull
2886:WoRMS
2767:PFI:
2706:NZPCN
2688:13385
2626:23634
2608:IRMNG
2587:11690
2584:IPA:
2497:EUNIS
2489:CUNVU
2437:38966
2414:98649
2343:WoRMS
2286:CALLU
2250:13384
2224:23633
2206:IRMNG
2120:1CUNG
2107:71277
2081:98641
1725:. RHS
1699:. RHS
1673:. RHS
1647:. RHS
1621:. RHS
1595:. RHS
1569:. RHS
1543:. RHS
1517:. RHS
1491:. RHS
1465:. RHS
1439:. RHS
1413:. RHS
1387:. RHS
1361:. RHS
1335:. RHS
1309:. RHS
1283:. RHS
1257:. RHS
1231:. RHS
1118:. RHS
855:Erica
767:charm
744:jelly
722:honey
692:Islay
668:gruit
641:larva
506:hardy
459:calyx
451:Erica
443:Latin
404:Erica
348:Erica
332:Erica
316:mauve
312:Erica
262:shrub
242:genus
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
2865:8118
2855:5496
2822:2712
2804:POWO
2796:CAVU
2770:3725
2755:PfaF
2724:6509
2711:3606
2683:NCBI
2636:1209
2621:ITIS
2595:IPNI
2564:8605
2559:GRIN
2551:1623
2546:GISD
2533:GBIF
2484:EPPO
2463:4061
2450:PWBL
2409:APNI
2294:POWO
2245:NCBI
2219:ITIS
2193:IPNI
2172:1907
2167:GRIN
2154:GBIF
2115:EPPO
2094:3FR3
2076:APNI
1944:2022
1898:PMID
1807:s.v.
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