31:
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plant communities can be exterminated by frequent fires especially with climate change induced drought. Today, frequent accidental ignitions can convert chaparral from a native shrubland to nonnative annual grassland and drastically reduce species diversity, especially under global-change-type drought. The historical
639:
Chaparral, like most
Mediterranean shrublands, is highly fire resilient and historically burned with high-severity, stand replacing events every 30 to 100 years. Historically, Native Americans burned chaparral to promote grasslands for textiles and food. Though adapted to infrequent fires, chaparral
384:, share many plant and animal affinities with the California chaparral and woodlands. Many botanists consider the California chaparral and woodlands, Sierra Nevada forests, Klamath-Siskiyou forests, and Northern California coastal forests as a single
1041:
1066:
769:
671:
and urbanization, as well as competition by numerous introduced or exotic plant and animal species. Some unique plant communities, like southern
California's
1036:
257:
675:, have been nearly eradicated by agriculture and urbanization. As a result, the region now has many rare and endangered species, including the
981:
890:
891:"Mortality of resprouting chaparral shrubs after a fire and during a record drought: physiological mechanisms and demographic consequences"
799:
1071:
1031:
400:, identify the central and northern Coast Ranges, Klamath-Siskiyou, the Central Valley, and Sierra Nevada as the Shasta Bioregion or the
301:
229:
126:
326:
281:
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sp.) It spends up to several years living underground in a larval stage and emerges only during wet-season rains to mate.
373:
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52:
45:
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for chaparral communities used to be 30–50 years, but has now decreased to 5–10 years due to human interference.
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693:
1051:
541:, colloquially known as Chaparral Yucca, is commonplace throughout the lower elevations of the climate zone.
385:
270:
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703:
350:
452:
698:
342:
337:
Most of the population of
California and Baja California lives in these ecoregions, which includes the
285:: In southern and central coast adjacent and inland California, covering some of the mountains of: the
358:
306:
1011:
1001:
991:
377:
346:
39:
798:
Keeley, JE; Davis, FW (2007). "Chaparral". In
Barbour, MG; Keeler-Wolf, T; Schoenherr, AA (eds.).
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827:
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419:
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The
California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion is subdivided into three smaller ecoregions.
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The region has been heavily affected by grazing, logging, dams and water diversions, and
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552:, located at higher elevation and is harder to walk through. Soft chaparral tends to be
723:
672:
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423:
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Ricketts, Taylor H; Eric
Dinerstein; David M. Olson; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (1999).
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California
Interior Chaparral and Woodlands images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
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California
Montane Chaparral and Woodlands images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
718:
456:
225:
213:
925:
872:
286:
949:
California Native Plant
Society–University of California Press; Berkeley.
844:
Syphard, AD; Radeloff, VC; Keeley, JE; Hawbaker, TJ; et al. (2007).
641:
624:
440:
397:
992:
California
Coastal Sage and Chaparral images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
435:
The ecoregion includes a great variety of plant communities, including
262:
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174:
986:
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864:
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Pratt, RB; Jacobsen, AL; Ramirez, AR; Helms, AM; et al. (2014).
708:
549:
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20:
954:
Terrestrial Ecoregions of North America: a Conservation Assessment.
556:, live at lower elevations and tends to be easier to walk through.
444:
463:). The flora of this ecoregion also includes tree species such as
982:
World Wildlife Fund: California Chaparral and Woodlands ecoregion
504:
354:
1042:
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub in the United States
807:. Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 339–366.
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843:
322:
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121:
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Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
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Another notable insect resident of this ecoregion is the
208:
of southwestern Oregon, northern, central, and southern
392:, which belong to other floristic provinces. Many
309:cover the foothills and the Transverse Ranges and
947:Plant Life in the World's Mediterranean Climates.
305:: In central interior California surrounding the
16:Ecoregion in the western United States and Mexico
1023:
822:Fire, Native Peoples, and the Natural Landscape
258:California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion
548:and hard chaparral. Hard chaparral is usually
846:"Human influence on California fire regimes"
507:plant species, including the extremely rare
1037:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
797:
302:California interior chaparral and woodlands
230:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
127:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
282:California montane chaparral and woodlands
970:University of California Press; Berkeley.
942:University of California Press; Berkeley.
839:
837:
826:. Washington, DC: Island Press. pp.
293:; and the western slopes of the northern
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
651:
455:, including southern stands of the tall
409:
380:of northern California and southwestern
321:
141:121,000 km (47,000 sq mi)
38:This article includes a list of general
884:
882:
247:
1024:
987:California Chaparral Institute website
834:
785:(material included verbatim under the
770:"California Chaparral & Woodlands"
772:. World Wildlife Fund. Archived from
764:
762:
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368:ecoregion, as well as the coniferous
879:
817:
801:Terrestrial Vegetation of California
596:). Other animals found here are the
366:California Central Valley grasslands
24:
374:Northern California coastal forests
13:
1072:Natural history of Baja California
1032:California chaparral and woodlands
757:
744:Sierra Nevada lower montane forest
647:
544:There are two types of chaparral:
202:California chaparral and woodlands
90:California chaparral and woodlands
44:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1098:
975:
663:, near Santa Barbara, California
509:San Gabriel Mountain liveforever
333:, near Santa Barbara, California
224:), located on the west coast of
95:
29:
1077:Plant communities of California
966:A Natural History of California
327:Montane chaparral and woodlands
811:
791:
694:California Chaparral Institute
1:
963:Schoenherr, Allan A. (1992).
750:
386:California Floristic Province
271:Channel Islands of California
940:An Island Called California.
704:California montane chaparral
317:
228:. It is an ecoregion of the
7:
686:
525:most beautiful jewel-flower
388:, excluding the deserts of
10:
1105:
945:Dallman, Peter R. (1998).
699:California coastal prairie
416:coastal sage and chaparral
242:
18:
359:Ensenada, Baja California
307:California Central Valley
265:and northwestern coastal
188:
162:
145:
137:
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108:
103:
94:
89:
1047:Ecoregions of California
657:California oak woodlands
614:white-eared pocket mouse
559:
430:
378:Klamath-Siskiyou forests
347:Greater Los Angeles Area
853:Ecological Applications
714:Closed-cone pine forest
681:Gymnogyps californianus
634:
606:Santa Cruz kangaroo rat
59:more precise citations.
734:Northern coastal scrub
729:Mixed evergreen forest
664:
612:), and the endangered
570:Polioptila californica
566:California gnatcatcher
523:), and the threatened
427:
420:Santa Monica Mountains
339:San Francisco Bay Area
334:
261:: In southern coastal
1062:Forests of California
898:Global Change Biology
669:intensive agriculture
655:
618:Perognathus alticolus
598:Heermann kangaroo rat
538:Hesperoyucca whipplei
465:gray or foothill pine
413:
370:Sierra Nevada forests
325:
269:, as well as all the
206:terrestrial ecoregion
19:Further information:
1052:Ecoregions of Mexico
938:Bakker, Elna (1971)
787:CC BY-SA 3.0 license
719:Coast Redwood forest
642:fire return interval
594:Lichanura trivirgata
586:Phrynosoma coronatum
564:Species include the
529:Streptanthus albidus
521:Cercocarpus traskiae
501:Cupressus macrocarpa
493:Cupressus goveniana)
485:Aesculus californica
461:Sequoia sempervirens
331:Santa Ynez Mountains
248:Three sub-ecoregions
1087:Sclerophyll forests
1082:Nearctic ecoregions
1057:Flora of California
910:2014GCBio..20..893P
602:Dipodomys heermanni
582:coast horned lizard
574:Costa's hummingbird
503:), and a wealth of
216:) and northwestern
1016:slow modem version
1006:slow modem version
996:slow modem version
776:on October 8, 2012
724:Coastal sage scrub
673:Coastal Sage Scrub
665:
661:Gaviota State Park
610:Dipodomys venustus
513:Dudleya densiflora
481:California buckeye
453:coniferous forests
428:
390:eastern California
335:
235:, and part of the
918:10.1111/gcb.12477
865:10.1890/06-1128.1
818:Vale, TR (2002).
677:California condor
554:drought deciduous
517:Catalina mahogany
396:, including poet
295:Peninsular Ranges
291:Transverse Ranges
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859:(5): 1388–1402.
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497:Monterey cypress
351:San Diego County
275:Guadalupe Island
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469:Pinus sabiniana
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402:Alta California
394:Bioregionalists
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267:Baja California
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218:Baja California
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51:Please help to
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457:coast redwood
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778:. Retrieved
774:the original
739:Oak woodland
680:
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593:
585:
577:
569:
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543:
536:
532:
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520:
512:
500:
492:
487:), the rare
484:
476:
468:
460:
441:oak savannas
434:
363:
336:
300:
287:Coast Ranges
280:
256:
251:
201:
199:
189:Climate type
71:
62:
43:
625:rain beetle
495:, the rare
398:Gary Snyder
57:introducing
1026:Categories
780:2012-06-15
751:References
533:Peramoenus
437:grasslands
263:California
210:California
175:California
65:March 2012
40:references
709:Chaparral
550:evergreen
473:scrub oak
449:chaparral
445:woodlands
414:Southern
405:Bioregion
318:Locations
146:Countries
133:Geography
21:Chaparral
926:24375846
873:17708216
687:See also
629:Pleocoma
590:rosy boa
115:Nearctic
906:Bibcode
588:), and
505:endemic
422:, near
418:in the
355:Tijuana
329:in the
243:Setting
104:Ecology
53:improve
924:
871:
451:, and
424:Malibu
382:Oregon
376:, and
357:, and
345:, the
289:; the
222:Mexico
170:Oregon
163:States
155:Mexico
42:, but
894:(PDF)
849:(PDF)
830:–286.
805:(PDF)
659:, in
560:Fauna
531:ssp.
431:Flora
233:biome
204:is a
122:Biome
110:Realm
922:PMID
869:PMID
635:Fire
546:soft
443:and
364:The
273:and
200:The
138:Area
1014:— (
1004:— (
914:doi
861:doi
828:269
683:).
620:).
604:),
580:),
572:),
535:).
515:),
479:),
471:),
1028::
920:.
912:.
902:20
900:.
896:.
881:^
867:.
857:17
855:.
851:.
836:^
759:^
447:,
439:,
407:.
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361:.
353:,
349:,
341:,
239:.
1018:)
1008:)
998:)
994:(
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63:(
49:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
