27:
211:
203:
384:, was the circulation manager. He wrote a regular column entitled "The Negro in the Light of History" (later changed to "Our Fight"). After medical school Howard returned to Mississippi where he became a doctor. By the 1940s and 1950s, he had become one of the wealthiest and most influential Blacks in the state and was a leading
194:, who had been city editor. He also worked as a civil liberties lawyer and was a leader in the community. After he sold the paper in 1964 to accept an appointment as a judge of the Superior Court of the State of California for Los Angeles County, the publication quickly lost ground, and closed that year.
319:
more rapid development of those communities in which
Negroes live, by cooperation between citizens and those who have business investments in such communities; and
275:
and won her case against the "Sugar Hill" restrictive covenant case. He was appointed in 1963 as a judge of the
Superior Court for Los Angeles County by Governor
2292:
183:, until 1951. Her husband, J. B. Bass, served as editor until his death in 1934. In the 1920s, they increased circulation to 60,000. Bass was also active as a
244:
By 1925, the newspaper had a circulation of 60,000, the largest of any
African-American newspaper in California. Its publishers and editors were active in
2388:
241:, the paper offered information on employment and housing opportunities as well as news stories geared towards the newly arrived migrant population.
2403:
872:
1584:
303:
hiring of
Negroes as a matter of right, rather than as a concession, in those institutions where their patronage creates a demand for labor;
2398:
2383:
1934:
418:
She was Family
Section editor of the paper. Later became Family Editor of the Los Angeles Sentinel for 40 years until her death in 1989.
2297:
2287:
2181:
1962:
2393:
1914:
1683:
1669:
310:
248:, beginning with campaigns for equitable hiring, patronage of black businesses, and an end to segregated facilities and housing.
138:
322:
enthusiastic support for a greater degree of service at the hands of all social, civic, charitable, and religious institutions
1767:
770:
738:
671:
469:
931:
283:
initially increased circulation from 3,000 to 21,000. But within six months the paper had to close; on
January 7, 1964, the
1676:
865:
641:
1970:
572:
238:
2313:
1928:
1620:
625:
2347:
984:
2005:
1515:
858:
795:
279:. In 1963, Miller sold the paper to fourteen local investors in order to accept his appointment as judge. The
2125:
1578:
2118:
1739:
1345:
959:
713:
179:
became the owner of the paper after
Neimore's death in 1912. She owned and operated the paper, renamed the
1998:
1054:
887:
506:
488:
362:
1865:
1493:
1433:
1068:
133:
845:
The
Shifting Grounds of Race: Black and Japanese Americans in the Making of a Multiethnic Los Angeles.
2354:
2334:
1426:
1138:
1103:
2104:
2033:
1725:
1557:
1075:
952:
1844:
1809:
1732:
1648:
1634:
1447:
1250:
1180:
1145:
1019:
966:
938:
84:
693:
2340:
2282:
2209:
2061:
2026:
1991:
1454:
1359:
1338:
1267:
1089:
924:
728:
617:
610:
1662:
1324:
1296:
1173:
1124:
381:
2258:
2216:
1851:
1774:
1746:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1412:
1289:
1282:
1229:
1152:
1033:
489:"John J. Neimore, founder and editor of the California Eagle, circa 1901/1910, Los Angeles"
256:
191:
187:
campaigner in Los
Angeles, working to end segregation in jobs, housing and transportation.
8:
2251:
2223:
1956:
1858:
1830:
1781:
1711:
1564:
1405:
1310:
1201:
1159:
1061:
998:
545:
421:
260:
831:
L.A. City Limits: African
American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present.
2237:
2153:
2068:
2040:
2019:
1942:
1823:
1613:
1571:
1373:
1331:
1236:
1082:
991:
595:
L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present
436:
415:
2146:
1984:
1816:
1802:
1753:
1690:
1550:
1391:
1303:
1222:
1194:
1096:
917:
801:
791:
766:
734:
621:
583:, Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research, accessed 13 March 2011
465:
459:
403:
160:
99:
373:
Several newspaper employees went on to become prominent figures in their own right.
2361:
2139:
2097:
1949:
1907:
1872:
1419:
1243:
1215:
1131:
1117:
1110:
1040:
1005:
910:
426:
393:
679:
2244:
2230:
2195:
1977:
1886:
1879:
1788:
1718:
1704:
1592:
1398:
1366:
1208:
1166:
1047:
1026:
576:
351:
272:
172:
569:
306:
increased participation of Negroes in municipal, state, and national government;
2265:
2188:
2111:
2012:
1921:
1893:
1795:
1697:
1461:
1187:
945:
649:
227:
176:
464:. Mark Graham. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. p. 128.
26:
2377:
2047:
1760:
1440:
1317:
1275:
1012:
805:
648:. Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research. Archived from
377:
2202:
2054:
1837:
1655:
1641:
1599:
1543:
1475:
409:
406:(born 1936): journalist and member of the Los Angeles City Council, 1974–91
389:
385:
245:
215:
184:
461:
African-American newspapers and periodicals : a national bibliography
2075:
1900:
1627:
1468:
850:
397:
156:
726:
105:
2318:
2132:
1352:
838:
Black California: The History of African-Americans in the Golden State.
116:
424:(1868–1916), newspaper editor and publisher in the Pacific Northwest (
267:. After he relocated to Los Angeles in 1930, he began writing for the
2160:
534:. California Almanac Co., Original from the University of California.
276:
41:
507:"Charlotta Bass / California Eagle Photograph Collection, 1870–1960"
313:
and all other artificial barriers to the recognition of true merit;
2174:
210:
396:. He played a key role in finding evidence and witnesses in the
2167:
271:
and eventually became city editor. In 1945, Miller represented
264:
727:
Laura Pulido; Laura Barraclough; Wendy Cheng (24 March 2012).
234:. Her husband, J.B. Bass, was editor until his death in 1934.
357:
Anthony Funches, copy boy, cleaning, circulation/distribution
316:
patronizing of Negroes by Negroes as a matter of principle;
202:
824:
Bound for Freedom: Black Los Angeles in Jim Crow America.
763:
T.R.M. Howard: Doctor, Entrepreneur, Civil Rights Pioneer
760:
698:
549:
331:
Below is a partial list of employees and contributors at
380:: From 1933 to 1935, Howard, then a medical student at
259:, the former city editor. Miller was a law graduate of
222:
Neimore, a staunch Republican founded the newspaper as
190:
The newspaper was next owned for more than a decade by
2293:
National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame
765:(First ed.). Oakland: Institute. pp. 25–38.
339:
Francis Philip Waller Jr., advertising and circulation
720:
412:(1912–1999), freelance and later staff photographer.
609:
483:
481:
2375:
847:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
785:
612:Hattie McDaniel: Black Ambition, White Hollywood
833:Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
826:Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
733:. University of California Press. p. 184.
790:. Writers & Readers Publ. pp. 86–87.
761:Beito, David T.; Beito, Linda Royster (2018).
478:
458:Danky, James Philip; Hady, Maureen E. (1998).
342:Abie Robinson, city reporting and general news
866:
361:The offices were located at 4071-4075 South
354:, society reporting and civic/church matters
2389:Defunct newspapers published in California
880:
873:
859:
25:
2298:National Newspaper Publishers Association
2288:National Association of Black Journalists
457:
440:) who focused on African-American causes.
226:in 1879. After Neimore's death in 1912,
16:African American newspaper in Los Angeles
209:
201:
2404:African-American history in Los Angeles
1684:The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)
1670:The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)
644:Charlotta Bass and the California Eagle
616:. New York, NY: HarperCollins. p.
581:Charlotta Bass and the California Eagle
530:Hoffman, Claire Giannini (April 2007).
529:
2376:
788:Viewfinders: Black women photographers
854:
607:
592:
563:
1677:The Colored American (New York City)
2399:Publications disestablished in 1964
2384:Defunct African-American newspapers
287:ceased publication after 85 years.
13:
816:
538:
251:Bass retired in 1951 and sold the
14:
2415:
2314:Perry Publishing and Broadcasting
1621:Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune
840:New York: Hippocrene Books, 1993.
786:Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne (1993).
532:California, Past, Present, Future
388:leader. He was later a mentor of
368:
2348:Genius of Universal Emancipation
985:African-American News and Issues
230:bought the paper and renamed it
2006:Southwestern Christian Advocate
779:
754:
730:A People's Guide to Los Angeles
706:
686:
664:
155:(1879–1964) was a newspaper in
2394:Newspapers established in 1879
634:
601:
586:
523:
499:
451:
1:
2126:The Colored American Magazine
348:Calme Russ, office management
1936:The Philadelphia Independent
1346:Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder
960:The Washington Afro-American
714:"Abie Robinson, Los Angeles"
444:
299:had the following platform:
7:
1055:The Burning Spear Newspaper
642:"California Eagle History:
345:Roy Smith, sports reporting
290:
10:
2420:
1866:The Mississippi Enterprise
309:the abolition of enforced
197:
167:in 1879 and later renamed
134:Media of the United States
2335:Abolitionist publications
2327:
2306:
2275:
2089:
1507:
1485:
1383:
1260:
1139:The Jacksonville Advocate
1104:Florida Sentinel Bulletin
976:
902:
895:
886:
570:Charlotta Bass: Her Story
129:
111:
98:
90:
80:
70:
55:
47:
36:
24:
2105:Black Issues Book Review
2034:The Winter Park Advocate
1076:The Charleston Chronicle
953:The Philadelphia Tribune
326:
206:John J. Neimore, founder
1845:Metro Herald (Virginia)
1635:The Chicago Conservator
1448:The Sacramento Observer
1251:Winston-Salem Chronicle
1181:The New Orleans Tribune
1146:Jacksonville Free Press
1020:Baltimore Afro-American
967:The Washington Informer
939:New York Amsterdam News
85:Los Angeles, California
2341:The Anti-Slavery Bugle
2283:Associated Negro Press
2210:Our Women and Children
2062:Afro-American Sentinel
1992:The Seattle Republican
1455:San Francisco Bay View
1360:The St. Louis American
1339:The Michigan FrontPage
1090:The Christian Recorder
925:New Pittsburgh Courier
881:African American press
676:Photograph Collection"
546:"The California Eagle"
511:digitallibrary.usc.edu
219:
207:
1663:The Cleveland Gazette
1325:Indianapolis Recorder
1297:The Cincinnati Herald
1174:New Journal and Guide
1125:Houston Forward Times
382:Loma Linda University
213:
205:
2259:Visions Metro Weekly
1852:The Michigan Citizen
1775:Indianapolis Freeman
1537:Arkansas State Press
1530:The Aliened American
1523:The Alaska Spotlight
1413:Los Angeles Sentinel
1290:The Chicago Defender
1283:The Chicago Crusader
1230:The Triangle Tribune
1153:The Louisiana Weekly
1034:The Baptist Vanguard
608:Watts, Jill (2005).
593:Sides, Josh (2003).
333:The California Eagle
163:. It was founded as
112:Free online archives
31:Front page from 1916
2252:Transition Magazine
1957:The Progressive Era
1859:Mirror of the Times
1831:Memphis Free Speech
1782:Indianapolis Leader
1712:Detroit Plaindealer
1565:Atlanta Independent
1311:Fort Wayne Ink Spot
1202:Richmond Free Press
1160:Louisville Defender
1062:Carolina Peacemaker
999:Atlanta Daily World
836:B. Gordon Wheeler,
682:on August 19, 2009.
493:USC Digital Archive
422:Adolphus D. Griffin
261:Washburn University
218:, Los Angeles, 1949
214:Charlotta Bass and
21:
2020:The Washington Sun
2013:The Washington Bee
1943:Pittsburgh Courier
1929:The People's Voice
1824:The McDowell Times
1614:The Carolina Times
1572:The Black Dispatch
1374:St. Louis Sentinel
1332:Michigan Chronicle
1237:Tri-State Defender
1083:The Charlotte Post
992:Atlanta Black Star
822:Douglas Flamming,
575:2010-11-28 at the
437:Topeka Plaindealer
416:Jessie Mae Beavers
277:Edmund "Pat" Brown
220:
208:
139:List of newspapers
72:Ceased publication
19:
2371:
2370:
2085:
2084:
1985:The Rights of All
1817:Louisville Leader
1803:Jackson Eagle Eye
1754:Frost Illustrated
1747:Freedom's Journal
1691:Daily Negro Times
1579:The Black Panther
1551:Athens Republique
1503:
1502:
1434:Portland Observer
1392:Arizona Informant
1304:The Columbus Post
1223:Tennessee Tribune
1195:The Orlando Times
1097:The Dallas Weekly
918:Buffalo Criterion
843:Scott Kurashige,
772:978-1-59813-312-7
740:978-0-520-95334-5
652:on March 10, 2012
471:978-0-674-00788-8
404:Robert C. Farrell
161:African Americans
147:
146:
2411:
2362:The National Era
2098:Black Enterprise
1999:The Shining Star
1950:Portland New Age
1908:New National Era
1607:California Eagle
1420:Los Angeles Wave
1244:The Village Beat
1216:Savannah Tribune
1132:Jackson Advocate
1118:Houston Defender
1111:The Florida Star
1041:Birmingham Times
1006:Atlanta Inquirer
932:The New York Age
911:Bay State Banner
900:
899:
893:
892:
875:
868:
861:
852:
851:
810:
809:
783:
777:
776:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
724:
718:
717:
710:
704:
703:
690:
684:
683:
678:. Archived from
674:California Eagle
668:
662:
661:
659:
657:
638:
632:
631:
615:
605:
599:
598:
590:
584:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
542:
536:
535:
527:
521:
520:
518:
517:
503:
497:
496:
485:
476:
475:
455:
432:California Eagle
427:Portland New Age
394:Fannie Lou Hamer
297:California Eagle
285:California Eagle
281:California Eagle
253:California Eagle
232:California Eagle
181:California Eagle
152:California Eagle
125:
122:
120:
118:
73:
66:
64:
29:
22:
20:California Eagle
18:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2323:
2302:
2271:
2231:Sister 2 Sister
2081:
2041:The Woman's Era
1978:Richmond Planet
1964:Ravenswood Post
1887:Nashville Globe
1880:Muhammad Speaks
1719:Detroit Tribune
1705:The Denver Star
1593:Boston Guardian
1499:
1481:
1399:Black Lens News
1379:
1367:St. Louis Argus
1256:
1209:Roanoke Tribune
1167:The Miami Times
1048:Black Chronicle
1027:Baltimore Times
972:
882:
879:
819:
817:Further reading
814:
813:
798:
784:
780:
773:
759:
755:
745:
743:
741:
725:
721:
712:
711:
707:
694:"Abie Robinson"
692:
691:
687:
670:
669:
665:
655:
653:
640:
639:
635:
628:
606:
602:
591:
587:
577:Wayback Machine
568:
564:
554:
552:
544:
543:
539:
528:
524:
515:
513:
505:
504:
500:
487:
486:
479:
472:
456:
452:
447:
434:), and Kansas (
430:), California (
371:
352:Maggie Hathaway
329:
293:
273:Hattie McDaniel
239:Great Migration
200:
173:John J. Neimore
143:
115:
76:January 7, 1964
71:
62:
60:
51:John J. Neimore
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2417:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2069:The Enterprise
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1922:Pacific Appeal
1918:
1915:The North Star
1911:
1904:
1897:
1894:The Negro Star
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1796:Iowa Bystander
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1698:Dallas Express
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1494:The Final Call
1489:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1462:Seattle Medium
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1188:Oklahoma Eagle
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1069:The Carolinian
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
980:
978:
974:
973:
971:
970:
963:
956:
949:
946:Our Time Press
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
906:
904:
897:
890:
884:
883:
878:
877:
870:
863:
855:
849:
848:
841:
834:
827:
818:
815:
812:
811:
796:
778:
771:
753:
739:
719:
705:
685:
663:
633:
626:
600:
585:
562:
537:
522:
498:
477:
470:
449:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
419:
413:
407:
401:
370:
369:Notable people
367:
363:Central Avenue
359:
358:
355:
349:
346:
343:
340:
328:
325:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
307:
304:
292:
289:
228:Charlotta Bass
199:
196:
177:Charlotta Bass
145:
144:
142:
141:
136:
130:
127:
126:
113:
109:
108:
103:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2416:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:The Liberator
2352:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:Organizations
2274:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2048:Omaha Monitor
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1971:The Reflector
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1761:Gary American
1758:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1441:Richmond Post
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1318:Gary Crusader
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1276:Call and Post
1273:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1013:Atlanta Voice
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
981:
979:
975:
969:
968:
964:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
943:
941:
940:
936:
934:
933:
929:
927:
926:
922:
920:
919:
915:
913:
912:
908:
907:
905:
901:
898:
894:
891:
889:
885:
876:
871:
869:
864:
862:
857:
856:
853:
846:
842:
839:
835:
832:
828:
825:
821:
820:
807:
803:
799:
793:
789:
782:
774:
768:
764:
757:
742:
736:
732:
731:
723:
715:
709:
701:
700:
695:
689:
681:
677:
675:
667:
651:
647:
645:
637:
629:
627:0-06-051490-6
623:
619:
614:
613:
604:
597:. p. 20.
596:
589:
582:
578:
574:
571:
566:
551:
547:
541:
533:
526:
512:
508:
502:
494:
490:
484:
482:
473:
467:
463:
462:
454:
450:
439:
438:
433:
429:
428:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:T.R.M. Howard
376:
375:
374:
366:
364:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
337:
336:
334:
321:
318:
315:
312:
308:
305:
302:
301:
300:
298:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
242:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
217:
212:
204:
195:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
128:
124:
114:
110:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:United States
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
75:
69:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2307:Corporations
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2203:Negro Digest
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2055:Western Post
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1935:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1838:Memphis Post
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1726:The Elevator
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1656:The City Sun
1654:
1647:
1642:Chicago Whip
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1600:The Broad Ax
1598:
1591:
1585:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1558:Athens Voice
1556:
1549:
1544:Athens Blade
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1516:The Advocate
1514:
1492:
1476:Sun-Reporter
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1427:Oakland Post
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
844:
837:
830:
829:Josh Sides,
823:
787:
781:
762:
756:
746:15 September
744:. Retrieved
729:
722:
708:
697:
688:
680:the original
673:
666:
654:. Retrieved
650:the original
643:
636:
611:
603:
594:
588:
580:
565:
553:. Retrieved
540:
531:
525:
514:. Retrieved
510:
501:
492:
460:
453:
435:
431:
425:
410:Vera Jackson
400:murder case.
390:Medgar Evers
386:civil rights
372:
360:
332:
330:
296:
294:
284:
280:
268:
257:Loren Miller
252:
250:
246:civil rights
243:
236:
231:
223:
221:
216:Paul Robeson
192:Loren Miller
189:
185:civil rights
180:
168:
164:
151:
150:
148:
2182:The Horizon
2076:Omaha Guide
1901:Negro World
1810:Louisianian
1733:The Equator
1649:The Circuit
1628:Chicago Bee
1586:Black Times
1469:The Skanner
398:Emmett Till
311:segregation
237:During the
157:Los Angeles
2378:Categories
2319:Real Times
2133:The Crisis
2027:The Appeal
1353:Omaha Star
888:Newspapers
797:0863161588
555:August 10,
516:2017-02-28
48:Founder(s)
2217:Right On!
2161:The Fader
2090:Magazines
1406:The Facts
903:Northeast
806:248680578
445:Footnotes
335:in 1957:
123:/caleagle
42:newspaper
2224:The Root
1768:Harambee
1486:National
1269:The Call
656:13 March
573:Archived
291:Platform
121:/details
106:9188894
2328:Related
2175:theGrio
2154:Essence
1740:Freedom
1508:Defunct
1261:Midwest
224:The Owl
198:History
165:The Owl
117:archive
91:Country
61: (
56:Founded
40:Weekly
2168:Fire!!
2147:Emerge
2119:Clutch
896:Active
804:
794:
769:
737:
624:
468:
265:Kansas
102:number
2140:Ebony
977:South
327:Staff
269:Eagle
169:Eagle
2245:Tint
2238:Soul
2196:King
1873:Mojo
1384:West
802:OCLC
792:ISBN
767:ISBN
748:2012
735:ISBN
658:2011
622:ISBN
557:2016
466:ISBN
392:and
295:The
159:for
149:The
119:.org
100:OCLC
81:City
63:1879
59:1879
37:Type
2266:YSB
2189:Jet
2112:BLK
1789:Ink
699:PBS
618:328
550:PBS
263:in
255:to
171:by
2380::
800:.
696:.
620:.
579:,
548:.
509:.
491:.
480:^
365:.
175:.
874:e
867:t
860:v
808:.
775:.
750:.
716:.
702:.
672:"
660:.
646:"
630:.
559:.
519:.
495:.
474:.
65:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
