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issued rules giving organizers access to fields on August 29, and the UFW filed for the first union elections under the Act on
September 1. But a federal district court enjoined the Board from implementing its worksite access rules on September 3—putting a halt to some ballot-counting in several elections. By the end of the first week of elections, the UFW had won 22 bargaining units and the Teamsters 13, while growers had alleged the UFW had committed unfair labor practices in several elections. The California Supreme Court lifted the ban on union organizers in the fields on September 18, and the ALRB issued its first formal ULP complaints (against two growers) the next day.
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126:, explicitly encourages and protects "the right of agricultural employees to full freedom of association, self-organization, and designation of representatives of their own choosing, to negotiate the terms and conditions of their employment, and to be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection."
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rose to just 18,000 by 1977. The
Teamsters, however, had more than 55,000 farm worker members by 1977. The UFW had only six major collective bargaining agreements by 1994 (one vegetable grower, four citrus growers, one mushroom grower, and a host of small nurseries). However, one study concludes that mass importation and use of illegal immigrants—not flaws in CALRA—are holding down additional collective bargaining gains. Others conclude (on the basis of anecdotal evidence) that the Teamsters have signed
271:. The violence worsened when the dispute moved into the Delano vineyards. Seventy farm workers were attacked on July 31, a UFW picketer was shot on August 3, five firebombs were thrown at UFW picket lines on August 9, two UFW members were shot on August 11, and a UFW picketer was shot to death on August 16. Finally, a tentative agreement was reached on September 27, 1973; the Teamsters again agreed to leave jurisdiction over farm field workers to the UFW.
29:
468:) by workers who have not selected an organization as their labor representative through the procedures outlined by the Act, but protects secondary picketing and publicity only if the labor union is the certified bargaining representative or has not lost an election at the worksite in the past 12 months and only if the publicity or picketing does not induce others to engage in strikes. Section 1154.5 explicitly bans
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workers. The agreement also led the UFW to end its boycott of lettuce, grapes, and wine in
February 1978. Why did the two unions sign the agreement? UFW officials claimed the Teamsters were on the verge of losing a jurisdictional battle for 50,000 workers being decided by the ALRB, but at least one press report indicated that the scandal-scarred union wished to burnish its public image.
161:—eager to win over farm-state members of Congress—argued that farmworkers were excluded. When the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) was enacted in 1935, it, too, specifically exempted agricultural workers due to pressure from the "farm bloc" in Congress. Although a number of attempts were made in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s to organize farm laborers, these efforts were unsuccessful.
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in no better position to win organizing battles. It had opened a major organizing drive in March 1974 and established a regional farm workers' local in June, but the effort was in chaos by
November. Newspaper columnists, however, began wondering in June whether the UFW had any capacity to fight, and by February 1975 had concluded the union had no future.
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includes all activities incidental to or in conjunction with agriculture (such as preparation for market, transportation, or storage). Employees are defined in the Act, but the definition excludes anyone engaged in construction, painting, building repair, or land moving operations unrelated to the preparation of land for cultivation.
222:
talks between the UFW and the
Teamsters led to an agreement to return jurisdiction over the field workers to the farm union, but the agreement collapsed on August 23 and 7,000 UFW workers struck the Salinas Valley growers. Violence, sporadic at first but increasingly widespread, began to occur in the fields. On December 4,
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a majority of current workers is presented. There are several bars to holding an election (including the existence of an existing certified labor organization, an election was held and lost within the previous 12 months, and an election was held but no contract executed within the previous 12 months).
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Despite the large number of union elections, CALRA's effect on union membership seems mixed at best. Much of this evidence focuses on the UFW, assumed to be the prime beneficiary of the Act. Membership in the UFW fell from a high of more than 70,000-60,000 in 1972 to a low of 6,000-5,000 in 1974, but
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rather than secret ballot elections should be the bill's preferred method of resolving unionization disputes, opposed the bill. Nonetheless, a key State
Assembly committee approved it on May 12, despite attempts by some Teamster members to intimidate legislators into opposing the bill. The opposition
212:
A series of violent strikes and inter-union jurisdictional battles set the political stage for passage of the
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act. By 1969, the UFW was on the verge of winning the four-year-old Delano grape strike. But as the Delano grape strike seemed to be ending, an attempt
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It is also not clear whether CALRA has had a beneficial effect on the
Californian economy. One study concluded that the Act actually resulted in a net economic loss: Higher prices were being charged for produce, farm worker earnings and land values had actually dropped. However, another analysis has
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The Act outlines procedures similar to those of the
National Labor Relations Act for electing a representative labor organization. Only secret ballot elections are permitted. The Board has the right to determine the correct bargaining unit, and an election is triggered only when a petition signed by
330:
The dramatic success of the
Modesto march energized the farm labor movement in California. Governor Brown quickly began pushing for labor law reform. Grower resistance never emerged, as many employers were reluctant to continue the fight against the UFW. "The grape boycott scared the heck out of the
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The UFW considered more mass picketing, more rallies, and more boycotts, but the union was worried that it had lost the support of farm workers and the public and that such events would point out the weakness of the union rather than its strength. Instead, the UFW settled on a 110-mile (180 km)
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By late 1974, many observers concluded that the UFW was no longer a viable force. It called a few small strikes, defied court injunctions to stop picketing, and continued pushing its national boycotts. But in July, it was forced to end picketing at some grape fields near Delano. The Teamsters were
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The new agreement did not last long. On November 7, just 41 days later, the Teamsters union said it would not repudiate the contracts it had signed. But the UFW now had too few resources and membership to do much about it. The UFW deployed its best strategic weapon, the boycott, and kept up the push
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in California led to the costly "Salad Bowl strike." Six thousand drivers and packing workers represented by the Teamsters struck on July 17, 1970, winning a contract on July 23 under which growers gave the Teamsters, not the UFW, access to farms and the right to organize workers into unions. Secret
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To encourage the adoption of collective bargaining agreements, the Act (as amended) provides for the declaration of an impasse, mandatory and binding 30-day mediation and conciliation, review of the mediator's report, and court review of binding mediation. The Act contains a "make-whole" remedy for
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The Act defines agriculture to include farming (which includes cultivation and tillage of soil; dairy production; cultivation, growing, and harvesting of agricultural or horticultural commodities; raising livestock, bees, furbearing animals, or poultry; and/or forestry or lumbering operations), and
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By that time, however, the deadline for passing a bill out of its chamber of origination had passed, and Governor Brown was forced to call a special session of the legislature to pass the farm labor bill. A Senate committee approved the bill on May 21, the full Senate passed the bill on May 26, two
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The first positive sign for labor law reform came in 1971. An association of major growers agreed to support legislation which provided for recognition of farm worker unions in January 1971. The State Senate narrowly approved a bill opposed by the UFW, but the Assembly killed the measure. Based on
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The ongoing fight between the Teamsters and UFW and its effect on UFW's organizational viability led César Chávez to seriously consider legal reform as a solution to his union's problems. Chávez had rejected legislative solutions in the past by arguing that a truly successful union movement must be
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One positive outcome has been the end of jurisdictional warfare between the UFW and Teamsters. The UFW signed an agreement with the Teamsters in March 1977 in which the UFW agreed to seek to organize only those workers covered by CALRA, while the Teamsters agreed to organize all other agricultural
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George Murphy had sponsored a bill backed by Republicans and growers the same year to guarantee the right to organize, imposed secret-ballot elections, and restricted the right to strike and to engage in boycotts. But the Murphy bill, as well as a less restrictive bill in the State Assembly, died.
164:
In August 1966, the National Farm Workers Association and Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, two unrecognized and relatively minor labor unions claiming to represent farm workers in California, merged to form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (the predecessor organization to the
516:
By the end of January 1976, the ALRB had received 604 election petitions, conducted 423 elections involving over 50,000 workers (80 percent of elections had objections filed), received 988 ULP charges, issued 254 citations for violations of the Act, and issued 27 decisions. Between 1975 and 1984,
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CALRA went into effect on August 28, 1975. Draft regulations governing the operation of the Board and secret ballot organizing elections were issued 10 days earlier, but did not address the controversial issue of whether union organizers would have access to the workplace (e.g., fields). The ALRB
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A major revision was enacted in 2002. A rising number of impasses in collective bargaining appeared to be frustrating the purpose of CALRA. The UFW backed two bills which would impose binding arbitration and mediation on unions and employers if an impasse was declared. The bills passed the state
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The Teamsters resumed their dispute with the UFW in December 1972, which led to further extensive disruptions in the state agricultural industry, mass picketing, mass arrests, and extensive violence. Many growers signed contracts with the Teamsters on April 15, and thousands of UFW members began
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to introduce a bill in the California state legislature that would permit agricultural field workers to unionize under secret ballot elections as well as ban secondary boycotts. But the state Assembly did not pass the bill. However, Jerry Brown—declaring that a "bloody civil war" existed in the
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Another attempt to revise the law in 2007 was also unsuccessful. The UFW backed a bill which would allow card check unionization, arguing that large majorities of workers signed union authorization cards but then were intimidated into voting against the union during the election process. The
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The Act establishes a five-member Agricultural Labor Relations Board (ALRB), whose five-year terms are staggered so that one member's term ends on January 1 of each year. The ALRB must issue a written report on its activities to the Governor and Legislature each year, may establish officers or
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The inexperience of the Board and its agents, the large number of court challenges to the new law, the large number of elections held, and the large number of alleged violations of the law led to significant delays in voting, ballot-counting, and enforcement. A special panel of attorneys and
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bad-faith bargaining intended to encourage employers to bargain in good faith. Under this provision, the ALRB can "take affirmative action including...making employees whole, when the Board deems such relief appropriate, for the loss of pay resulting from the employer's refusal to bargain".
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Teamster members and others tried to seize control of the Assembly committee meeting, standing on desks, chanting, and pushing legislators. UFW members and their supporters engaged in scuffles with these individuals. See: "California Farm Bill Backed By Panel as Unionists Fight."
319:. The organizers envisioned a small but dramatic march that would not require large numbers of participants. Just a few hundred marchers left San Francisco on February 22, 1975. But more than 15,000 people joined them en route by the time they reached Modesto on March 1.
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Assembly committees reported the bill on May 27, and the Assembly passed the bill and set it to Governor Brown for his signature on May 29. Just 50 calendar days were needed to pass the bill. Governor Brown signed the legislation into law on June 4, 1975.
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Several previous efforts to enact legislation protecting collective bargaining rights for farm workers had emerged in California between 1969 and 1975, but all had failed. César Chávez had briefly supported labor law reform in California in April 1969, and
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picketing in the fields. Mass arrests jailed more than 1,700 UFW members by late July (some county jails had three times the number of detainees they were legally capable of holding), and UFW members accused law enforcement officers of beating detainees.
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unions won 88 percent of all elections, but between 1984 and 2003 won less than 50 percent of elections. By 1994, however, two-thirds of all elections had been held in the Act's first three years, and since 1978 about half of all elections had been
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The Act's "make-whole" provision has also come under scrutiny. Although the make-whole provision's goal is laudable, it is argued, the Board's decisions have led to litigation that lasts for years and mitigate the impact of any awards.
193:), marches, rallies, and cutting-edge public relations campaigns, the United Farm Workers (UFW) began organizing large numbers of agricultural laborers into unions. In some cases, the UFW even won recognition and negotiated contracts.
374:, the nation's largest association of farmers and a representative of many California growers, proposed amending the federal National Labor Relations Act to permit agricultural workers to organize. The change led California Governor
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investigators was named by Governor Brown on October 4 to help alleviate the backlog, and strengthened penalties for anyone found guilty of committing a ULP were put in place on October 16 to help reduce the number of violations.
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governor of California, replaced the Brown board with allegedly pro-grower members, leading to low union confidence in the Board's impartiality and a severe decline in the number of election petitions brought before the board.
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growers argued that the UFW was either duping or intimidating workers into signing union authorization cards, and that the secret ballot voting revealed the true feelings of workers. But the bill did not pass either chamber.
500:, a former UFW official, and a former Teamsters attorney) on June 23, 1975, just 18 days after signing the Act into law. The ALRB had an initial budget of $ 1.5 million ($ 6.46 million in 2009 inflation-adjusted dollars).
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acted as the farm worker union's chief lobbyist. With McCarthy, some growers, and the UFW behind the bill, a key State Senate committee approved the bill on May 7. Key labor unions (including the Teamsters), arguing that
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Jerry Brown's election as governor significantly improved the chances of passing a bill in 1975. Two of the 26 paragraphs of Brown's inaugural address were devoted to the need for farm labor legislation, Assembly Speaker
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legislature in August 2002, and Governor Davis signed them into law in October. Growers filed suit in state court to have the amendments declared unconstitutional, but a state appeals court upheld the revisions in 2006.
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built from the ground up rather than rely on top-down activity. But Chávez began to reconsider this stand in light of the attacks by the Teamsters. Additionally, the time seemed right for a legislative program:
558:
A number of efforts to revise CALRA have been made over the years. The first significant effort came in 2000, when Democratic Governor Gray Davis vetoed an effort to expand CALRA's reach to
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with perhaps as many as 375 growers, holding down membership gains for the UFW. Others criticize the ALRB for being politicized. Critics point to the change in the Board in 1980, when
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The goal of the Act is to "ensure peace in the agricultural fields by guaranteeing justice for all agricultural workers and stability in labor relations." The Act, part of the
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Brown's public support and his impending run for governor (which was widely anticipated) led Chávez to make a stronger push for labor law reform in 1974. Chávez and
359:, Proposition 22, which would have guaranteed the right to organize but placed heavy restrictions on the right to strike, boycott, and picket. California's then-
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The spontaneous, spectacular success of the Modesto march garnered significant media attention, and proved that the UFW still had the support of farm workers.
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offices and delegate all or part of its authority to such on an as-needed basis, and has extensive investigatory, subpoena, and enforcement powers.
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Soon organizing battles between the two unions became violent. "Flying squads" of Teamsters began attacking UFW supporters in broad daylight in the
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Once in office, however, Brown's support for the UFW cooled. The UFW knew it had to make a strong political showing in order to push Brown and the
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363:, Jerry Brown, sued to have Proposition 22 removed from the ballot amid allegations of signature fraud on the approving petition, violation of
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The bill which would eventually become CALRA was introduced in both chambers of the state legislature on April 10, 1975. Top UFW staff member
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367:(children as young as six years old were alleged to have been paid to collect signatures), and bribery. The measure went down to defeat.
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Collective bargaining rights for most hourly workers in the United States were first given legal protection in 1933 by Section 7a of the
133:, a federal law which formally protected the collective bargaining rights of most American workers except farm and domestic workers. The
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137:(ALRB) administers the Act. The ALRB has two functions: To conduct, oversee, and certify representation elections, and to investigate
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visited Chávez in jail. The two unions signed a new jurisdictional agreement reaffirming the UFW's right to organize field workers,
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Cottle, Rex L.; Macaulay, Hugh H.; and Yandle, Bruce. "Some Economic Effects of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act."
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for a national boycott of grapes, wine and lettuce. The Teamsters reiterated their pledge to uphold their contracts in November.
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The Act defines unfair labor practices for both employers and labor unions. Section 1154 (d) of the Act bans strikes (including
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was countered by the UFW, which held rallies to support the bill, and agreement was reached on May 19 on a compromise bill.
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612:"First Annual Report of the Agricultural Labor Relations Board for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1976, and June 30, 1977"
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2725:"The Agricultural Labor Relations Board." Agricultural Personnel Management Program, University of California, Berkeley.
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in November 1974. Brown had even hired LeRoy Chatfield, a former high-level UFW staffer, as one of his key aides.
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August 31, 1972; Vizzard, James L. "The Measure Would Restrict the Union to the Point That It Would Be Killed."
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157:(NIRA). Although NIRA did not specifically exempt agricultural laborers from the protection of the Act, the
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September 4, 1975; "U.S. Judge Enjoins California From Enforcing Rule Giving Union Aides Access to Farms."
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concluded that these economic effects are minimal compared to the reduction in poverty which has occurred.
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36:
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Martin, Philip and Mason, Bert. "Mandatory Mediation Changes Rules for Negotiating Farm Labor Contracts."
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418:-Los Angeles) introduced the bill. But Governor Ronald Reagan led opposition which killed the bill.
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Grounds for Dreaming: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the California Farmworker Movement
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Also referred to as the "Alatorre-Zenovich-Dunlap-Berman Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975"
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December 13, 1972; Bernstein, Harry. "Teamsters to Seek New Farm Pacts; Fight With Chavez Seen."
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August 25, 1970; Bernstein, Harry. "5,000-7,000 Strike in Largest Farm Walkout in U.S. History."
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who had met César Chávez in 1968, had long supported the UFW and helped introduce UFW leaders to
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September 14, 1972; Oliver, Myrna. "Prop. 22 Signatures Forged, Suit for $ 60 Million Charges."
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October 5, 1971; Gilliam, Jerry "Assembly Committee Kills Last Farm Labor Bill of '71 Session."
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July 26, 1973; Townsend, Dorothy. "FBI Asked to Probe Charges of Brutality to Grape Strikers."
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and agency staff adjudicate most cases, with the five-member Board serving as a final arbiter.
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Los Angeles Times. May 15, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "Pact on Farm Bill Rejected by Teamsters."
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August 17, 1973; Del Olmo, Frank. "Chavez Picket Shot to Death in Violence Near Bakersfield."
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July 31, 1973; Del Olmo, Frank. "Arrests, Trouble Mark Second Day of Escalated Grape Strike."
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August 7, 1970; Bernstein, Harry. "Teamsters Give Chavez Clear Field to Organize Farm Hands."
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July 21, 1973; Caldwell, Earl. "Grape Workers Assail Judges As Arrests of Pickets Continue."
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March 27, 1971; Kendall, John. "Chavez Signs Nation's Largest Independent Lettuce Producer."
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312:
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2734:, a documentary film which covers, in part, the UFW-Teamster struggle and enactment of CALRA
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July 18, 1973; Del Olmo, Frank. "Inquiry Urged Into Charges of Beatings of Jailed Pickets."
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farmers, all of us," said one major grower, and employers did not want another UFW boycott.
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The Union of Their Dreams: Power, Hope, and Struggle in Cesar Chavez's Farm Worker Movement
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402:, Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the California Labor Federation (the state body of the
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stars, directors, and studio heads in order to help the union win critical support in the
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Martin, Philip L. and Egan, Daniel L. "The Makewhole Remedy in California Agriculture."
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November 17, 1973; Steiger, Paul and Bernstein, Harry. "Fitzsimmons Reverses Position."
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May 7, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "Senate Committee Approves Governor's Farm Labor Bill."
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The Developing Labor Law: The Board, the Courts, and the National Labor Relations Act.
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1937:
May 11, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "McCarthy Joins Unions in Seeking Farm Bill Change."
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February 28, 1975; Del Olmo, Frank. "Demonstrators at Gallo Aim for Farm Labor Law."
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November 4, 1974; "Judge on Coast Dissolves Order Restricting Suits by Farm Union."
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1978:
May 21, 1975; Gilliam, Jerry. "Farm Bill Clears Senate Panel 4-1, Faces One More."
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February 23, 1975; Del Olmo, Frank. "Chavez Union Marches to Back Winery Boycott."
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November 16, 1973; Bernstein, Harry. "Teamsters Broke Chavez Peace Promise-Meany."
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August 2, 1973; Caldwell, Earl. "Picket Shot, Many More Arrested in Grape Strike."
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Roberts, Steven V. "Fear and Tension Grip Salinas Valley in Farm Workers' Strike."
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364:
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May 8, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "Union Coalition Moves to Kill Brown's Farm Bill."
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August 31, 1972; Bernstein, Harry. "Prop. 22: Two Sides of the Farm Labor Issue."
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Averill, John H. and Seeger, Murray. "Murphy Move on Farm Labor Bill Under Fire."
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November 3, 1974; "Farm Union and A.C.L.U. Fight Coast Judge's Curb on Lawsuits."
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March 17, 1971; Turner, Wallace. "Chavez-Teamsters Pact Ends Lettuce Labor Rift."
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November 3, 1972; Oliver, Myrna. "Judge Orders Halt to 3 Proposition 22 TV Ads."
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Bernstein, Harry. "Growers Will OK Farm Unions in Policy Change, Official Says."
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April 18, 1969; "Sen. Murphy Offers Bill to Bar Tactics Like the Grape Boycott."
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Bernstein, Harry. "Teamsters Open Massive Drive to Eliminate Chavez Farm Union."
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399:
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May 9, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "Farm Labor Bill Waylays Teamster-Grower Talks."
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May 1, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "Key Growers and Chavez Back Brown's Farm Bill."
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Bernstein, Harry. "New Pact to End Unions' Long Lettuce Dispute Reported Near."
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The NLRA was not the only federal law to discriminate against farmworkers. The
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in the face of often violent reaction to its organizing efforts and engaging in
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September 19, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "Union Access to Farms Gets Judge's OK."
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May 28, 1975; Gilliam, Jerry. "Assembly Sends Farm Bill to Brown for Signing."
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Bernstein, Harry. "Chavez, AFL-CIO Back Bill for Secret Farm Union Balloting."
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October 6, 1972; Farr, William. "5 Charged With Fraud on Prop. 22 Petitions."
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November 17, 1973; "Meany Says Teamsters Renege On a Farm Labor Peace Accord."
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383:—came out in favor of a legislative solution in August 1973. Brown, a longtime
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September 15, 2003; Hirsch, Jerry. "Mediator Can Impose Terms of Labor Pact."
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May 27, 1975; Gilliam, Jerry. "Farm Labor Bill Moves Quickly Toward Passage."
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Bernstein, Harry. "Results of Election Boost Chances for 2 Key Labor Bills ."
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Endicott, William. "Voters Hand Stern Rebuttal to Costly Proposition Drives."
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December 14, 1972; "Teamsters End a Truce With Chavez's United Farm Workers."
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Bernstein, Harry. "Teamsters President Proposes Alliance With Growers Group."
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April 24, 1971; Bernstein, Harry. "Teamsters Ask Farms to Sign Chavez Pacts."
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August 5, 1970; Bernstein, Harry. "Chavez Union and Teamster Talks Revealed."
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Bernstein, Harry. "Harvest, Shipping Near Standstill in 'Salad Bowl' Strike."
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Murphy introduced an even more restrictive bill in 1970, but that too failed.
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September 13, 1975; "Growers Charge Unfair Labor Practices After UFWA Wins."
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March 27, 1971; Bernstein, Harry. "New Teamster-Chavez Peace Treaty Signed."
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October 11, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "Farm Labor Board Takes Historic Step."
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August 15, 1974; Gilliam, Jerry. "Assembly OKs Secret Farm Ballot Measure."
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Gilliam, Jerry. "Senate Narrowly Passes Farm Labor Bill Opposed by Chavez."
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Jan 21, 1970; Bernstein, Harry. "Chavez Rejects Secret Farm Vote Proposal."
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March 3, 1974; Bernstein, Harry. "Chavez Wins AFL-CIO Backing for Boycott."
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July 18, 1973; Del Olmo, Frank. "450 Arrested in Kern County Farm Dispute."
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December 5, 1970; "Chavez Jailed First Time, Urges Union to Press Boycott."
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3292:
3206:
3098:
3066:
341:
2275:
August 30, 1975; Bigham, Joe. "UFWA Files First Petitions for Elections."
1653:
Grant, Allan. "The Farm Labor Initiative--Fair to All or All Too Unfair?"
1330:
February 19, 1974; "Farm Union to Defy Court In Gallo Boycott Picketing."
1190:
August 1, 1973; Del Olmo, Frank. "Court Curbs Pickets at Major Vineyard."
1127:
July 19, 1973; "Chavez' Pickets Defy Court Order; Kern County Jail Full."
751:
Dark Sweat, White Gold: California Farm Workers, Cotton, and the New Deal.
3846:
3597:
3483:
3314:
3248:
3088:
2642:
Greenhouse, Steven. "Farm Union Bill Holds Peril for California Leader."
1488:
Levy, Jacques E.; Chávez, César; Ross, Fred Jr.; and Levy, Jacqueline M.
1338:
April 8, 1974; "Boycott of California Crops Supported by A.F.L.- C.I.O."
289:
129:
The Act established rules and authorized regulations similar to those of
78:
2228:
Martin, Philip. "Labor Relations in California Agriculture: 1975-2000."
1947:
May 19, 1975; Bernstein, Harry. "Agreement Reached on Farm Labor Bill."
1342:
April 9, 1974; Shabecoff, Philip. "A.F.L.-C.I.O. Backs Chavez Boycott."
1202:
August 9, 1973; "2 Chavez Pickets Shot in Clash With Nonunion Workers."
4126:
3851:
3813:
3356:
3265:
2895:
2656:
Jones, Gregg. "Davis Signs Two Bills Mandating Mediation in Disputes."
563:
473:
440:
384:
116:
108:
1961:
Bernstein, Harry. "Farm Labor Accord Sets Stage for Special Session."
1832:
April 10, 1975; Skelton, George. "Brown Offers Bill on Farm Workers."
355:
the support for the growers in the State Senate, the growers backed a
4111:
4080:
3856:
3841:
3686:
3577:
3304:
2890:
2382:
Bernstein, Harry. "Farm Labor Board Moves to Crack Down on Growers."
1920:
May 14, 1975; Stammer, Leo. "Farm Labor Bill OKd by Assembly Panel."
1115:
April 18, 1973; "135 More Picketers Held In Coast Vineyard Dispute."
1098:
April 16, 1973; Del Olmo, Frank. "Teamsters Sign First Grape Pacts."
238:
28:
16:
1975 U.S. state law giving farmers the right of collective bargaining
2490:
Chicano!: The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement.
2066:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Sections 1151 and 1160.
1890:
May 6, 1975; Taylor, Ronald B. "Farm Union Peace Is Seen On Coast."
1198:
August 3, 1973; "Firebombs Hurled in Area Of Grape Labor Disputes."
2731:
The Fight in the Fields: César Chávez and the Farmworkers' Struggle
2609:
Rivera, Carla. "Governor Vetoes New Labor Rules for Stable Hands."
2211:
July 24, 1975; "Bishop, Farmer, Unionists on New Farm Labor Unit."
2174:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1156.3-1156.7.
2114:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1155.2-1155.3.
1902:
May 10, 1975; "Teamsters Threaten Strike If Farm Bill Is Enacted."
1548:
The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers Movement,
1284:
Bernstein, Harry. "Chavez Calls for Wine, Grape, Lettuce Boycott."
860:
The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers Movement.
258:
170:
2578:
Promises to Keep: Collective Bargaining in California Agriculture.
1781:
Bernstein, Harry. "Chances Slim for Farm Workers' Secret Ballot."
1427:
September 15, 1974; Taylor, Ronald B. "Chavez's Union: A Future?"
702:
Cal.Stats. 1975, Third Extraordinary Session, c. 1 Sec. 1 at 4013.
2687:
Sallady, Robert. "Bill Would Alter Farm Union Voting Practices."
1572:
Bernstein, Harry. "Murphy Will Offer Bill on Farm Worker Union."
1206:
August 11, 1973; "Shots Fired at Chavez' Son in Vineyard Fight."
1148:
Del Olmo, Frank. "Chavez Seeks Inquiry Into Policing of Strike."
968:
August 24, 1970; Bernstein, Harry. "Massive Farm Strike Begins."
804:
The Turbulent Years: A History of the American Worker, 1933-1941.
407:
403:
282:
182:
100:
2162:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1156.3 (a).
2018:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1140.4 (b).
2006:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1140.4 (a).
1559:
Bernstein, Harry. "Chavez Moves for Revision of Proposed Laws."
4121:
2669:
Alvarez, Fred. "Fate of New Farm Labor Bill Rests With Davis."
2126:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1156-1159.
2078:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1152-1155.
2054:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1141-1150.
1982:
May 22, 1975; Gilliam, Jerry. "Senate Passes Farm Labor Bill."
1725:
Gilliam, Jerry. "Farm Labor Bill Asks Secret Union Elections."
1674:
Endicott, William. "Brown Sues to Remove Farm Ballot Measure."
943:
Bernstein, Harry. "Battle Between Teamsters and Chavez Looms."
2517:
F. Arturo Rosales. "The Agricultural Labor Relations Act." In
2090:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1154 (d).
1593:
May 23, 1969; "Assembly Bill Proposed Rules for Farm Unions."
230:. Two days later, an anti-union mob nearly rioted when former
4116:
2356:
Bernstein, Harry. "Enforcement of Farm Law to Be Tightened."
1943:
May 17, 1975; "2,800 Rally at Capitol to Back Farm Measure."
1367:
Del Olmo, Frank. "UFWA Ends Picketing at Some Grape Fields."
1346:
April 17, 1974; "Chavez Union Defies Court Ban on Lawsuits."
1119:
April 20, 1973; "350 Pickets of UFWU Jailed in Kern County."
2478:
The Children of NAFTA: Labor Wars on the U.S./Mexico Border.
2318:"Farm Union Leads Teamsters In Coast Bargaining Elections."
2198:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1160.3.
2150:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1156.2.
2102:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1154.5.
792:
The Lean Years: A History of the American Worker, 1920-1933.
714:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1140.2.
1886:
Endicott, William. "Brown Amends Farm Bill in Compromise."
2745:
2521:
Lee Stacy, ed. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Marshall Cavendish, 2002.
2186:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1164.
2138:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1156.
2042:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1143.
2030:
California Labor Code. Division 2, Part 3.5, Section 1141.
1301:
Bernstein, Harry. "Teamsters Pledge to Honor Farm Pacts."
1135:
July 21, 1973; "Arrest Toll Is 1,700 For Chavez Pickets."
3917:
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954
2881:
Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States
2420:
Contemporary Collective Bargaining in the Private Sector.
1933:"Parade Here Backs Efforts by Chavez To Unionize Farms."
1288:
November 10, 1973; "Grape and Lettuce Boycott to Widen."
1228:
1226:
1224:
1210:
August 15, 1973; "Chavez Picket Shot to Death On Coast."
1002:
Roberts, Steven V. "Chavez Is Jailed In Lettuce Strike."
609:
2480:
Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2004.
1847:
Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia.
1419:
Powers, Charles T. "Chavez and the State of His Union."
1271:
Bernstein, Harry. "Teamsters, Chavez Peace Precarious."
913:
July 18, 1970; "Salinas Agreement Ends Lettuce Strike."
753:
Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1996.
492:
Governor Brown nominated the ALRB's first five members (
2335:
Bernstein, Harry. "UFWA Wins State High Court Ruling."
1463:
Stillwater, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.
1423:
June 23, 1974; Griffith, Winthrop. "Is Chavez Beaten?"
806:
Paperback edition. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1970.
3957:
Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
3952:
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
2625:
Alvarez, Fred. "Bill Could End Impasse at Pictsweet."
1768:
March 6, 1974; "Farm Labor Measure to Be Introduced."
1459:
del Castillo, Richard Griswold and Garcia, Richard A.
1245:"Chavez Says Pact Means Teamsters Will Leave Fields."
1232:
Shabecoff, Philip. "Chavez Reaches Tentative Accord."
1221:
858:
Feriss, Susan; Sandoval, Ricardo; and Hembree, Diana.
292:, long an avid supporter of the UFW, had been elected
2837:
Early history of food regulation in the United States
2550:"Chavez Ends the Boycotts Of Lettuce, Grapes, Wine."
2537:
Turner, Wallace. "Chavez and Teamsters Sign Accord."
1828:"Sweeping Farm Labor Bill Introduced in Sacramento."
1789:
August 20, 1974; "Sweeping Farm Labor Bill Planned."
1712:
Bernstein, Harry. "Farmers Change Stand on Workers."
1258:
Shabecoff, Philip. "Teamsters Shift Stand on Coast."
1055:
Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working-Class History.
964:"Coast Workers Vote Strike At 27 Vegetable Ranches."
638:
Editorial. "Farm Workers’ Rights, 70 Years Overdue."
2780:
2746:
California Agricultural Labor Relations Board (ALRB)
3927:
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975
1849:Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2006.
1525:Del Olmo, Frank. "Chavez Forces Gather for Rally."
97:
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act (CALRA)
46:
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975
22:
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975
2721:(Bloomsbury Press, 2009, ISBN 1596914602). 384 pp.
2693:; Lifsher, Marc. "UFW Seeks New Way to Organize."
1492:Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007.
655:"Governor Signs Historic Farm Labor Legislation."
2288:Stammer, Larry. "Union Access to Fields Curbed."
2271:Bernstein, Harry. "Unions Win Access to Fields."
4141:
2502:Lifsher, Marc. "UFW Seeks New Way to Organize."
802:(Originally published 1960); Bernstein, Irving.
683:Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 2002.
472:agreements. The Act also requires bargaining in
259:Worsening violence of the jurisdictional dispute
2580:Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1996.
1751:"Brown Asks Emergency Farm Labor Legislation."
917:July 24, 1970; "6,000 Back in Lettuce Fields."
872:
334:
325:
2422:Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1994.
2245:Bernstein, Harry. "Farm Labor Law in Effect."
794:Paperback ed. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972.
633:
631:
610:Gerald A. Brown, Chairman (January 24, 1978).
283:The Modesto march and the push for legislation
2766:
2621:
2619:
2394:
2392:
2207:"Five to Be Named to Farm Labor Vote Board."
1169:Pandol, Jack. "Violence on the Grape Farms."
989:September 6, 1970; "Union Office Is Bombed."
135:California Agricultural Labor Relations Board
890:
888:
370:The next legislative push came in 1973. The
2876:Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains
2714:(Yale University Press, 2016). xvi, 288 pp.
1606:"Farm Workers Strike Ban Asked by Murphy."
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
930:"Chavez Union Plans Salinas Protest Walk."
924:
862:New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1998.
730:5th ed. Washington, D.C.: BNA Books, 2006.
628:
307:march by a small group of UFW leaders from
196:
2864:List of food plants native to the Americas
2773:
2759:
2616:
2457:
2455:
2389:
1865:Goff, Tom. "McCarthy Supports Farm Bill."
1845:RuĂz, Vicki and Korrol, Virginia Sánchez.
1049:
1047:
1045:
909:"Strike By Teamsters Hits Produce Crops."
651:
649:
3937:Children's Act for Responsible Employment
2637:
2635:
2492:Houston, Tex.: Arte Publico Press, 1997.
2241:
2239:
2223:
2221:
1738:"Farm Labor Bill Defeated in Committee."
885:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
722:
720:
700:Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975,
3885:National Agricultural Statistics Service
2598:Industrial & Labor Relations Review.
2439:
2437:
2435:
2414:
2412:
2410:
1490:Cesar Chavez: Autobiography of La Causa.
1434:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
431:voiced his support for the legislation.
201:
119:in that state, a first in U.S. history.
4160:Agricultural labor in the United States
3922:Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000
3880:United States Department of Agriculture
2842:Indentured servitude in British America
2452:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1042:
777:of 1938 also excluded them. See: Hurt,
745:
743:
646:
451:
189:(including the particularly successful
4142:
2632:
2236:
2218:
779:American Agriculture: A Brief History,
717:
681:American Agriculture: A Brief History.
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
553:
215:International Brotherhood of Teamsters
4180:United States agriculture legislation
2754:
2432:
2407:
1508:"Farm Union Begins A Protest March."
1406:"Teamsters Local Termed in 'Chaos'."
1182:"70 Nonunion Farm Workers Attacked."
817:
726:Higgins, John E. and Janus, Peter A.
4175:Labor relations in the United States
2305:"Farm Labor Tally Barred On Coast."
1974:"Teamsters Back Farm Labor Accord."
1473:
1393:"Teamsters Start Farm Union Local."
740:
511:
141:(ULP) charges and pursue remedies.
3890:United States Census of Agriculture
1815:"Farm Labor Bill--Making a Start."
1111:"33 Farm Worker Pickets Arrested."
1094:"Teamsters Gain California Farms."
662:
111:in 1975, establishing the right to
13:
4091:United Food and Commercial Workers
3995:Agricultural workers mental health
2703:
1461:Cesar Chavez: A Triumph of Spirit.
14:
4216:
3862:Pacific Northwest oyster industry
2739:
2369:"Brown to Name Farm Labor Unit."
2196:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2184:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2172:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2160:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2148:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2136:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2124:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2112:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2100:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2088:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2076:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2064:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2052:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2040:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2028:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2016:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
2004:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
895:"From Fruit Bowl to Salad Bowl."
712:Agricultural Labor Relations Act.
487:
217:to organize farm laborers in the
107:that was enacted by the state of
2923:
2782:Agriculture in the United States
2680:
2663:
2650:
2603:
2590:
2570:
2557:
2544:
2531:
2511:
2470:
2258:"Farm Election Rules Released."
1533:February 28, 1975; "The State."
406:, wrote the bill and first-term
155:National Industrial Recovery Act
27:
4155:United States labor legislation
4076:Farm Labor Organizing Committee
2376:
2363:
2350:
2329:
2312:
2299:
2282:
2265:
2252:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1968:
1955:
1927:
1909:
1880:
1859:
1839:
1822:
1809:
1796:
1775:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1719:
1706:
1693:
1668:
1647:
1630:
1617:
1600:
1583:
1566:
1553:
1546:Feriss, Sandoval, and Hembree,
1540:
1519:
1502:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1320:
1295:
1278:
1265:
1252:
1239:
1176:
1163:
1142:
1105:
1088:
1067:
1013:
996:
979:
958:
937:
903:
784:
763:
372:American Farm Bureau Federation
705:
693:
603:
584:
169:). Adopting the philosophy of
1:
4170:Labor relations in California
2519:Mexico and the United States.
2488:; Rosales, Francisco Arturo.
1326:"Chavez Calls 2-Day Strike."
597:
148:
4096:Woman's Land Army of America
2825:Eastern Agricultural Complex
2810:Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture
814:(Originally published 1969.)
577:
335:Previous legislative efforts
326:Legislative history of CALRA
301:California State Legislature
131:National Labor Relations Act
86:Status: Current legislation
37:California State Legislature
7:
2871:Native American in Virginia
1918:United Press International.
1057:New York: Routledge, 2007.
10:
4221:
3977:Taylor Grazing Act of 1934
3967:Packers and Stockyards Act
3832:Southwestern United States
2921:
2565:Journal of Labor Research.
421:
205:
4104:
4056:
4030:
4010:Genetically modified food
3985:
3947:Food Security Act of 1985
3902:
3870:
3824:
3795:Northern Mariana Islands
3254:genetically modified food
3052:
3032:Connecticut shade tobacco
2932:
2788:
519:decertification elections
143:Administrative law judges
84:
74:
66:
58:
50:
42:
35:
26:
21:
775:Fair Labor Standards Act
496:, a farmer, a member of
197:Impetus for legal action
159:Roosevelt administration
4200:1975 in labor relations
4165:Labor law in California
2401:California Agriculture.
105:United States labor law
3972:Pure Food and Drug Act
2444:"Rendering to Cesar."
393:entertainment industry
313:E & J Gallo Winery
294:Governor of California
4043:California nut crimes
3055:or territory-specific
2462:"Render Unto Cesar."
202:The Salad Bowl strike
139:unfair labor practice
124:California Labor Code
113:collective bargaining
4205:1975 in American law
3053:State, commonwealth,
2600:43:1 (October 1989).
2567:4:4 (December 1983).
1249:September 29, 1973./
452:Structure of the Act
226:arrested and jailed
4185:United Farm Workers
4150:California statutes
4086:United Farm Workers
3932:Capper–Volstead Act
3912:Agricultural policy
2697:September 14, 2007.
2448:September 22, 1975.
2403:January-March 2003.
2360:September 30, 1975.
2347:September 20, 1975.
2326:September 14, 1975.
2232:6:4 (October 2000).
1665:September 21, 1972.
1236:September 28, 1973.
1053:Arneson, Eric, ed.
899:September 14, 1970.
790:Bernstein, Irving.
771:Social Security Act
564:horse racing tracks
554:Efforts at revision
498:La Raza Unida Party
466:recognition strikes
191:Delano grape strike
167:United Farm Workers
4195:1975 in California
2820:Columbian exchange
2695:Los Angeles Times.
2689:Los Angeles Times.
2675:Los Angeles Times.
2671:Los Angeles Times.
2658:Los Angeles Times.
2627:Los Angeles Times.
2611:Los Angeles Times.
2576:Martin, Philip L.
2506:September 14, 2007
2504:Los Angeles Times.
2418:Voos, Paula Beth.
2384:Los Angeles Times.
2358:Los Angeles Times.
2345:Los Angeles Times.
2341:Los Angeles Times.
2337:Los Angeles Times.
2324:Los Angeles Times.
2309:September 6, 1975.
2296:September 4, 1975.
2290:Los Angeles Times.
2279:September 2, 1975.
2277:Los Angeles Times.
2273:Los Angeles Times.
2260:Los Angeles Times.
2247:Los Angeles Times.
2213:Los Angeles Times.
2209:Los Angeles Times.
1992:Los Angeles Times.
1988:Los Angeles Times.
1984:Los Angeles Times.
1980:Los Angeles Times.
1963:Los Angeles Times.
1949:Los Angeles Times.
1945:Los Angeles Times.
1941:Los Angeles Times.
1922:Los Angeles Times.
1900:Los Angeles Times.
1896:Los Angeles Times.
1888:Los Angeles Times.
1875:Los Angeles Times.
1871:Los Angeles Times.
1867:Los Angeles Times.
1834:Los Angeles Times.
1830:Los Angeles Times.
1817:Los Angeles Times.
1804:Los Angeles Times.
1791:Los Angeles Times.
1787:Los Angeles Times.
1783:Los Angeles Times.
1770:Los Angeles Times.
1766:Los Angeles Times.
1753:Los Angeles Times.
1740:Los Angeles Times.
1727:Los Angeles Times.
1716:December 15, 1972.
1714:Los Angeles Times.
1701:Los Angeles Times.
1688:Los Angeles Times.
1684:Los Angeles Times.
1680:Los Angeles Times.
1676:Los Angeles Times.
1663:Los Angeles Times.
1659:Los Angeles Times.
1655:Los Angeles Times.
1642:Los Angeles Times.
1638:Los Angeles Times.
1625:Los Angeles Times.
1612:Los Angeles Times.
1608:Los Angeles Times.
1595:Los Angeles Times.
1591:Los Angeles Times.
1578:Los Angeles Times.
1574:Los Angeles Times.
1561:Los Angeles Times.
1535:Los Angeles Times.
1531:Los Angeles Times.
1527:Los Angeles Times.
1516:February 25, 1975.
1514:Los Angeles Times.
1421:Los Angeles Times.
1410:November 10, 1974.
1382:Los Angeles Times.
1369:Los Angeles Times.
1358:November 17, 1974.
1348:Los Angeles Times.
1336:Los Angeles Times.
1317:November 22, 1973.
1315:Los Angeles Times.
1307:Los Angeles Times.
1303:Los Angeles Times.
1292:November 10, 1973.
1286:Los Angeles Times.
1273:Los Angeles Times.
1216:Los Angeles Times.
1208:Los Angeles Times.
1204:Los Angeles Times.
1192:Los Angeles Times.
1188:Los Angeles Times.
1184:Los Angeles Times.
1171:Los Angeles Times.
1158:Los Angeles Times.
1154:Los Angeles Times.
1150:Los Angeles Times.
1129:Los Angeles Times.
1125:Los Angeles Times.
1121:Los Angeles Times.
1113:Los Angeles Times.
1100:Los Angeles Times.
1085:December 15, 1972.
1079:Los Angeles Times.
1075:Los Angeles Times.
1037:Los Angeles Times.
1033:Los Angeles Times.
1029:Los Angeles Times.
1021:Los Angeles Times.
1008:Los Angeles Times.
974:Los Angeles Times.
970:Los Angeles Times.
953:Los Angeles Times.
949:Los Angeles Times.
945:Los Angeles Times.
932:Los Angeles Times.
919:Los Angeles Times.
915:Los Angeles Times.
911:Los Angeles Times.
880:Los Angeles Times.
679:Hurt, R. Douglas.
657:Los Angeles Times.
361:Secretary of State
187:secondary boycotts
4137:
4136:
3962:Grain Futures Act
3837:Black Dirt Region
2554:February 1, 1978.
2386:October 17, 1975.
1904:Associated Press.
1806:November 8, 1974.
1703:November 9, 1972.
1690:November 3, 1972.
1644:October 28, 1971.
1627:January 20, 1971.
1431:February 8, 1975.
1275:November 9, 1973.
1262:November 8, 1973.
1010:December 5, 1970.
993:November 5, 1970.
966:Associated Press.
531:George Deukmejian
512:Impact of the law
494:a Catholic bishop
253:Robert F. Kennedy
248:, widow of slain
208:Salad Bowl strike
93:
92:
4212:
4038:Adulterated food
4020:Ogallala Aquifer
2927:
2798:African-American
2775:
2768:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2710:Flores, Lori A.
2698:
2684:
2678:
2667:
2661:
2660:October 1, 2002.
2654:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2623:
2614:
2613:October 2, 2000.
2607:
2601:
2594:
2588:
2574:
2568:
2561:
2555:
2548:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2515:
2509:
2474:
2468:
2459:
2450:
2441:
2430:
2416:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2373:October 5, 1975.
2367:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2333:
2327:
2316:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2286:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2262:August 19, 1975.
2256:
2250:
2249:August 29, 1975.
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2215:August 17, 1975.
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1931:
1925:
1913:
1907:
1884:
1878:
1863:
1857:
1843:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1793:August 23, 1974.
1779:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1755:August 19, 1973.
1749:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1672:
1666:
1651:
1645:
1634:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1604:
1598:
1587:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1523:
1517:
1506:
1500:
1486:
1471:
1457:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1324:
1318:
1299:
1293:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1219:
1218:August 17, 1973.
1180:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1146:
1140:
1109:
1103:
1092:
1086:
1071:
1065:
1051:
1040:
1017:
1011:
1000:
994:
983:
977:
976:August 25, 1970.
962:
956:
955:August 13, 1970.
941:
935:
928:
922:
907:
901:
892:
883:
882:August 26, 1970.
876:
870:
856:
815:
788:
782:
767:
761:
747:
738:
724:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
677:
660:
653:
644:
635:
626:
625:
623:
621:
616:
607:
591:
588:
527:sweetheart deals
412:Richard Alatorre
365:child labor laws
269:Coachella Valley
224:federal marshals
31:
19:
18:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4100:
4071:Convict leasing
4066:Bracero Program
4052:
4026:
3987:
3981:
3904:
3898:
3872:
3866:
3820:
3723:Virgin Islands
3653:South Carolina
3054:
3048:
2928:
2919:
2908:Native American
2859:New World crops
2803:Black land loss
2784:
2779:
2742:
2737:
2706:
2704:Further reading
2701:
2685:
2681:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2646:August 9, 2002.
2644:New York Times.
2640:
2633:
2624:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2591:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2558:
2552:New York Times.
2549:
2545:
2541:March 11, 1977.
2539:New York Times.
2536:
2532:
2516:
2512:
2475:
2471:
2466:March 21, 1977.
2460:
2453:
2442:
2433:
2417:
2408:
2397:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2371:New York Times.
2368:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2334:
2330:
2320:New York Times.
2317:
2313:
2307:New York Times.
2304:
2300:
2294:New York Times.
2287:
2283:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2237:
2226:
2219:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1976:New York Times.
1973:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1935:New York Times.
1932:
1928:
1914:
1910:
1892:New York Times.
1885:
1881:
1864:
1860:
1844:
1840:
1836:April 11, 1975.
1827:
1823:
1819:March 31, 1975.
1814:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1780:
1776:
1772:March 11, 1974.
1763:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1733:
1729:April 27, 1973.
1724:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1673:
1669:
1652:
1648:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1605:
1601:
1588:
1584:
1580:April 30, 1969.
1571:
1567:
1563:April 10, 1969.
1558:
1554:
1545:
1541:
1524:
1520:
1510:New York Times.
1507:
1503:
1487:
1474:
1458:
1435:
1429:New York Times.
1425:New York Times.
1418:
1414:
1408:New York Times.
1405:
1401:
1395:New York Times.
1392:
1388:
1384:March 29, 1974.
1379:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1356:New York Times.
1352:New York Times.
1344:New York Times.
1340:New York Times.
1332:New York Times.
1328:New York Times.
1325:
1321:
1311:New York Times.
1300:
1296:
1290:New York Times.
1283:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1260:New York Times.
1257:
1253:
1247:New York Times.
1244:
1240:
1234:New York Times.
1231:
1222:
1212:New York Times.
1200:New York Times.
1196:New York Times.
1181:
1177:
1168:
1164:
1147:
1143:
1137:New York Times.
1133:New York Times.
1117:New York Times.
1110:
1106:
1102:April 16, 1973.
1096:New York Times.
1093:
1089:
1083:New York Times.
1072:
1068:
1052:
1043:
1025:New York Times.
1018:
1014:
1004:New York Times.
1001:
997:
991:New York Times.
987:New York Times.
984:
980:
963:
959:
942:
938:
929:
925:
908:
904:
893:
886:
877:
873:
857:
818:
789:
785:
768:
764:
748:
741:
725:
718:
710:
706:
698:
694:
678:
663:
654:
647:
640:New York Times.
636:
629:
619:
617:
614:
608:
604:
600:
595:
594:
589:
585:
580:
562:at the state's
556:
514:
490:
454:
429:Leo T. McCarthy
424:
400:John F. Henning
337:
328:
285:
261:
210:
204:
199:
151:
89:
87:
67:Signed into law
17:
12:
11:
5:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4048:Cattle raiding
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4007:
4005:Farmer suicide
4002:
4000:Climate change
3997:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3748:West Virginia
3746:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3553:North Carolina
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3490:New Hampshire
3488:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3380:Massachusetts
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3337:Louisiana wine
3331:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:Christmas tree
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2740:External links
2738:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2722:
2717:Pawel, Miriam
2715:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2691:April 19, 2007
2679:
2662:
2649:
2631:
2615:
2602:
2589:
2569:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2510:
2476:Bacon, David.
2469:
2451:
2431:
2406:
2388:
2375:
2362:
2349:
2328:
2311:
2298:
2281:
2264:
2251:
2235:
2230:Changing Face.
2217:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1967:
1954:
1926:
1908:
1879:
1858:
1838:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1774:
1757:
1744:
1742:June 29, 1973.
1731:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1667:
1646:
1629:
1616:
1599:
1597:July 18, 1969.
1582:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1537:March 2, 1975.
1518:
1501:
1472:
1433:
1412:
1399:
1386:
1373:
1360:
1319:
1294:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1238:
1220:
1175:
1173:July 14, 1973.
1162:
1160:July 29, 1973.
1141:
1139:July 22, 1973.
1104:
1087:
1066:
1041:
1012:
995:
978:
957:
936:
934:July 31, 1970.
923:
921:July 25, 1970.
902:
884:
871:
816:
783:
762:
749:Weber, Devra.
739:
716:
704:
692:
661:
645:
642:April 5, 2009.
627:
601:
599:
596:
593:
592:
582:
581:
579:
576:
555:
552:
513:
510:
489:
488:Implementation
486:
453:
450:
436:Dolores Huerta
423:
420:
385:labor attorney
381:Central Valley
357:ballot measure
336:
333:
327:
324:
284:
281:
260:
257:
219:Salinas Valley
206:Main article:
203:
200:
198:
195:
179:hunger strikes
150:
147:
99:is a landmark
91:
90:
85:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
62:April 10, 1975
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4217:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:organizations
3869:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:South Dakota
3662:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3638:Rhode Island
3637:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:North Dakota
3563:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:Three Sisters
2828:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Cattle drives
2813:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2683:
2677:July 7, 2006.
2676:
2672:
2666:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2638:
2636:
2629:July 8, 2002.
2628:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2586:0-8138-2988-7
2583:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2560:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2527:0-7614-7402-1
2524:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:1-55885-201-8
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:0-520-23778-1
2483:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2458:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2429:
2428:0-913447-60-9
2425:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1994:May 30, 1975.
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1965:May 20, 1975.
1964:
1958:
1952:
1951:May 20, 1975.
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1924:May 13, 1975.
1923:
1919:
1912:
1906:May 13, 1975.
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1855:0-253-34681-9
1852:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1614:July 2, 1970.
1613:
1609:
1603:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1550:1998, p. 161.
1549:
1543:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1498:0-8166-5049-7
1495:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1470:
1469:0-8061-2957-3
1466:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1397:June 7, 1974.
1396:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1371:July 6, 1974.
1370:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1063:0-415-96826-7
1060:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1039:May 12, 1971.
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1005:
999:
992:
988:
982:
975:
971:
967:
961:
954:
950:
946:
940:
933:
927:
920:
916:
912:
906:
900:
898:
891:
889:
881:
875:
869:
868:0-15-600598-0
865:
861:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
813:
812:0-395-11778-X
809:
805:
801:
800:0-395-13657-1
797:
793:
787:
780:
776:
772:
766:
760:
759:0-520-20710-6
756:
752:
746:
744:
737:
736:1-57018-585-9
733:
729:
723:
721:
713:
708:
701:
696:
690:
689:1-55753-281-8
686:
682:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
659:June 5, 1975.
658:
652:
650:
643:
641:
634:
632:
613:
606:
602:
587:
583:
575:
571:
567:
565:
561:
551:
547:
543:
539:
536:
532:
528:
522:
520:
509:
505:
501:
499:
495:
485:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
458:
449:
445:
442:
437:
432:
430:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
376:Ronald Reagan
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
352:
349:
348:State Senator
346:
343:
332:
323:
320:
318:
314:
310:
309:San Francisco
304:
302:
297:
295:
291:
280:
276:
272:
270:
265:
256:
254:
251:
247:
246:Ethel Kennedy
243:
242:Rafer Johnson
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
220:
216:
209:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
162:
160:
156:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
4015:Water supply
3926:
3610:Pennsylvania
3425:Mississippi
2950:Blackcurrant
2852:Pennsylvania
2730:
2718:
2711:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2657:
2652:
2643:
2626:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2592:
2577:
2572:
2564:
2559:
2551:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2518:
2513:
2503:
2489:
2477:
2472:
2463:
2445:
2419:
2400:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2365:
2357:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2229:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:May 8, 1975.
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1489:
1460:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1054:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1003:
998:
990:
986:
981:
973:
969:
965:
960:
952:
948:
944:
939:
931:
926:
918:
914:
910:
905:
896:
879:
874:
859:
803:
791:
786:
778:
773:of 1935 and
765:
750:
727:
711:
707:
699:
695:
680:
656:
639:
618:. Retrieved
605:
586:
572:
568:
557:
548:
544:
540:
523:
515:
506:
502:
491:
482:
478:
463:
459:
455:
446:
433:
425:
410:Assemblyman
397:
369:
353:
342:Conservative
338:
329:
321:
305:
298:
286:
277:
273:
266:
262:
228:César Chávez
211:
163:
152:
128:
121:
96:
94:
70:June 4, 1975
4190:Jerry Brown
3988:environment
3871:Government
3847:Cotton Belt
3733:Washington
3622:Puerto Rico
3532:New Mexico
3500:New Jersey
3347:aquaculture
3170:Connecticut
3079:aquaculture
560:stablehands
290:Jerry Brown
117:farmworkers
79:Jerry Brown
4144:Categories
4127:Dude ranch
3986:Health and
3852:Fruit Belt
3673:Tennessee
3415:Minnesota
3333:Louisiana
3126:California
2933:Industries
2896:Sheep wars
598:References
535:Republican
533:, the new
474:good faith
441:card check
345:Republican
239:decathlete
235:gold medal
149:Background
109:California
59:Introduced
4112:Corn maze
4081:H-2A visa
3942:Farm bill
3857:Rice Belt
3842:Corn Belt
3825:By region
3759:Wisconsin
3708:Virginia
3584:Oklahoma
3465:Nebraska
3435:Missouri
3395:Michigan
3272:Illinois
3186:Delaware
3110:Arkansas
2891:Range war
578:Footnotes
470:hot cargo
389:Hollywood
237:-winning
88:(amended)
43:Full name
3905:politics
3799:cannabis
3789:cannabis
3775:Wyoming
3737:cannabis
3727:Cannabis
3712:cannabis
3697:cannabis
3693:Vermont
3642:cannabis
3627:Cannabis
3603:cannabis
3536:cannabis
3521:cannabis
3516:New York
3504:cannabis
3479:cannabis
3454:cannabis
3450:Montana
3439:cannabis
3404:cherries
3399:cannabis
3384:cannabis
3369:cannabis
3364:Maryland
3352:cannabis
3322:Kentucky
3276:cannabis
3223:Georgia
3190:cannabis
3175:cannabis
3163:cannabis
3153:Colorado
3136:cannabis
3104:cannabis
3095:Arizona
3084:cannabis
2955:Cannabis
2913:Colonial
2847:Virginia
620:July 25,
303:to act.
183:boycotts
171:pacifism
75:Governor
3903:Law and
3594:Oregon
3475:Nevada
3311:Kansas
3288:Indiana
3202:Florida
3141:walnuts
3131:almonds
3062:Alabama
3027:Tobacco
3012:Spinach
3002:Poultry
2903:Slavery
2790:History
422:Passage
408:Chicano
404:AFL-CIO
317:Modesto
311:to the
250:Senator
232:Olympic
213:by the
175:strikes
101:statute
51:Acronym
4122:Cowboy
3805:Texas
3632:Coffee
3343:Maine
3239:coffee
3234:Hawaii
3212:tomato
3074:Alaska
2982:Cotton
2967:Cherry
2940:Banana
2584:
2525:
2496:
2484:
2426:
1853:
1496:
1467:
1061:
866:
810:
798:
757:
734:
687:
4117:Ranch
4105:Other
4058:Labor
4031:Crime
3785:Guam
3764:dairy
3683:Utah
3574:Ohio
3541:chile
3261:Idaho
3244:sugar
3217:mango
3039:Wheat
3017:Sugar
2992:Dairy
2987:Cider
2464:Time.
2446:Time.
897:Time.
781:2002.
615:(PDF)
54:CALRA
3814:wine
3809:rice
3779:wine
3769:wine
3752:wine
3742:wine
3717:wine
3702:wine
3687:wine
3677:wine
3667:wine
3657:wine
3647:wine
3615:wine
3598:wine
3588:wine
3578:wine
3568:wine
3558:wine
3546:wine
3526:wine
3509:wine
3494:wine
3484:wine
3469:wine
3459:wine
3444:wine
3429:wine
3419:wine
3409:wine
3389:wine
3374:wine
3357:wine
3327:wine
3315:wine
3305:wine
3300:Iowa
3293:wine
3281:wine
3266:wine
3249:wine
3227:wine
3207:wine
3195:wine
3180:wine
3158:wine
3146:wine
3119:wine
3114:rice
3099:wine
3089:wine
3067:wine
3044:Wine
3007:Rice
2977:Corn
2960:Hemp
2886:Wine
2582:ISBN
2523:ISBN
2494:ISBN
2482:ISBN
2424:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1059:ISBN
864:ISBN
808:ISBN
796:ISBN
755:ISBN
732:ISBN
685:ISBN
622:2017
244:and
185:and
115:for
95:The
3022:Tea
2997:Hop
2945:Bee
315:in
103:in
4146::
2634:^
2618:^
2500:;
2454:^
2434:^
2409:^
2391:^
2238:^
2220:^
1475:^
1436:^
1223:^
1044:^
887:^
819:^
742:^
719:^
664:^
648:^
630:^
566:.
521:.
476:.
395:.
181:,
177:,
2774:e
2767:t
2760:v
2508:.
624:.
416:D
414:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
