152:
34:
359:"An Act to Preserve and Encourage the Woollen and Silk Manufactures of this Kingdom, and for more Effectual Employing the Poor, by Prohibiting the Use and Wear of all Printed, Painted, Stained or Dyed Callicoes in Apparel, Household Stuff, Furniture, or otherwise, after the twenty fifth Day of December one thousand seven hundred and twenty two"
290:. Seeing the East India Company and their textile importation as a threat to domestic textile businesses, Parliament passed the Encouragement of Manufactures Act 1698, blocking the importation of cotton cloth. As there was no punishment for continuing to sell cotton cloth, smuggling of the popular material became commonplace.
306:, which slowly expanded till by the beginning of the 1770s seven thousand bales of cotton were imported annually, and pressure was put on Parliament, by the new mill owners, to remove the prohibition on the production and sale of pure cotton cloth, as they wished to compete with the EIC for the British cotton market.
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The acts were repealed in 1774, triggering a wave of investment in mill based cotton spinning and production, doubling the demand for raw cotton within a couple of years, and doubling it again every decade, till the 1840s. According to the Indian historian
Prasannan Parthasarathi, mechanization and
338:
that from
Michaelmas 1701, all wrought silks, Bengals and stuffs, mixed with silk or herba, of the manufacture of Persia, China or East India; and also all printed calicoes, and all painted, dyed or stained there, shall be locked up in warehouses appointed by the commissioners of the customs, till
281:
The impacted weavers, spinners, dyers, shepherds and farmers objected, with
Parliament petitioned, the EIC offices stormed by a mob, the fashion conscious assaulted for wearing imported cloth, making the calico question one of the major issues of National politics between the 1680s and the 1730s.
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cloth after the restoration of the monarchy in the 1660s. Initially imported as a novelty side line, from its spice trading posts in Asia, the cheap colourful cloth proved popular and overtook the EIC's spice trade by value in the late 17th century. The EIC embraced the demand, particularly for
169:
An Act to preserve and encourage the woollen and silk manufacturers of this kingdom, and for more effectual employing the poor, by prohibiting the use and wear of all printed, painted, stained or dyed callicoes in apparel, household stuff, furniture, or otherwise, after the twenty fifth day of
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for the domestic market, though more importantly triggering the development of a series of mechanised spinning and weaving technologies, to process the material. This mechanised production was concentrated in new
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re-exported; so none of the said goods should be worn or used, in either apparel or furniture, in
England, on forfeiture thereof, and also of two hundred pound penalty on th persons having or selling any of them
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and raw cotton). The exemption of raw cotton from the prohibition initially saw 2,000 bales of raw cotton imported annually, to become the basis of a new indigenous industry, initially producing
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So, dissatisfied with the outcome of the first act, in 1721 Parliament passed a stricter addition, this time, prohibiting the sale of most cottons, imported and domestic (exempting only thread
608:
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allowed the
British cotton producers "to out-produce not just the quantity, but the quality of Indian textiles", while the textile work in England was paid with a higher
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1690 – The Impost of 1690 - upon East India Goods, wrought silk, and other foreign commodities, in all 55 in number - 20% tariff on import of East Indian goods
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calico, by expanding its factories in Asia and producing and importing cloth in bulk, creating competition for domestic woollen and linen textile producers.
254:
494:
Eacott, Jonathan P (2012). "Making an
Imperial Compromise: The Calico Acts, the Atlantic Colonies, and the Structure of the British Empire".
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1700 (11 Will. 3)- An act for the more effectual employing the poor, by encouraging the
Manufacturers of this Kingdom. - banned most imports
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Parliament began to see a decline in domestic textile sales, and an increase in imported textiles from places like
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409:"Cotton textiles and the great divergence: Lancashare, India and shifting of competitive advantage, 1600-1850"
588:
114:
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394:"The Early British Industrial Revolution and Infant Industry Protectionism: The Case of Cotton Textiles"
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An Act for the more effectuall imploying the Poor by incourageing the
Manufactures of this Kingdom.
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An
Historical and Chronological Deduction of the Origin of Commerce, from the Earliest Accounts
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249:), which dominated world cotton textile markets at the time. The Acts were a precursor to the
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December one thousand seven hundred and twenty two (except as therein is excepted).
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1.) Woodruff Smith, Consumption and the Making of
Respectability, 1600–1800
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1730s - modified, with an exemption to the sale of British printed fabrics
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442:"Skill, craft and histories of industrialization of Europe and Asia"
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1700 - 15% duty on Muslins, a duty on East India Goods, laid on in.
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253:, when Britain eventually surpassed India as the world's leading
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1721 - Calico Act - banned the sale of most cotton textiles.
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1700 - export duty on English woolen produce abolished.
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History of the textile industry in the United Kingdom
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418:. Department of Economics, University of Warwick
327:1685 – 10% tariff on import of East Indian goods
233:, followed by the restriction of sale of most
225:(1700, 1721) banned the import of most cotton
446:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
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416:International Institute of Social History
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533:. Logographic Press. pp. 646–647.
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475:from the original on 23 September 2017
22:Encouragement of Manufactures Act 1698
129:Text of statute as originally enacted
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140:Woollen, etc., Manufactures Act 1720
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483:– via University of Warwick.
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564:Acts of the Parliament of England
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352:1707 - 50% tariff on Indian goods
584:Industrial Revolution in England
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452:. Royal Historical Society: 4.
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516:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.4.0731
508:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.4.0731
496:The William and Mary Quarterly
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430:
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115:Statute Law Revision Act 1867
269:introduced Britain to cheap
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237:textiles. It was a form of
157:Parliament of Great Britain
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579:British East India Company
267:English East India Company
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136:United Kingdom legislation
71:11 & 12 Will. 3. c. 10
18:United Kingdom legislation
458:10.1017/S0080440114000061
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257:in the 19th century.
251:Industrial Revolution
39:Parliament of England
589:1700s in British law
407:Gupta, Bishnupriya.
255:textile manufacturer
546:English legislation
440:(24 October 2014).
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529:Walter, J (1787).
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304:cotton mills
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204:Commencement
194:Royal assent
99:15 July 1867
87:Commencement
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438:Maxine Berg
223:Calico Acts
110:Repealed by
69:(Ruffhead:
553:Categories
422:5 December
373:References
165:Long title
62:11 Will. 3
47:Long title
466:154017526
569:Spinning
470:Archived
227:textiles
176:Citation
96:Repealed
57:Citation
574:Weaving
299:Fustian
295:Fustian
261:Context
231:England
64:. c. 10
559:Cotton
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479:28 May
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316:salary
275:chintz
271:calico
247:Bengal
235:cotton
183:. c. 7
512:JSTOR
473:(PDF)
462:S2CID
412:(PDF)
288:India
284:China
243:India
229:into
188:Dates
81:Dates
481:2021
424:2016
322:Acts
310:the
286:and
273:and
265:The
221:The
504:doi
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