399:
using amplifiers along the trunk. The optical node converts the
Radiofrequency (RF) signal in the coaxial cable trunk into light pulses to be sent through optical fibers in the HFC network. At the other end of the network, an optics platform or headend platform converts the light pulses into RF signals in coaxial cables again using transmitter and receiver modules, and the cable modem termination system (CMTS) connects to these coaxial cables. An example of an optics platform is the Arris CH3000. There are two coaxial cables at the CMTS for each node: one for the downstream (download speed signal), and the other for the upstream (upload speed signal). The CMTS then connects to the ISP's IP (Internet Protocol) network.
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A cable modem at the customer is connected via coaxial cable to an optical node, and thus into an HFC network. An optical node serves many modems as the modems are connected with coaxial cable to a coaxial cable "trunk" via distribution "taps" on the trunk, which then connects to the node, possibly
394:
technologies, cable
Internet systems can typically operate where the distance between the modem and the termination system is up to 160 kilometres (99 mi). If the HFC network is large, the cable modem termination system can be grouped into hubs for efficient management. Several standards have
477:
sharing technique which is employed to distribute bandwidth fairly, in order to provide an adequate level of service at an acceptable price. However, the operator has to monitor usage patterns and scale the network appropriately, to ensure that customers receive adequate service even during
413:
to more than 50 Mbit/s, although maximum effective range seems to be unknown. One downstream channel can handle hundreds of cable modems. As the system grows, the CMTS can be upgraded with more downstream and upstream ports, and grouped into hub CMTSs for efficient management.
478:
peak-usage times. If the network operator does not provide enough bandwidth for a particular neighborhood, the connection would become saturated and speeds would drop if many people are using the service at the same time, or drop out completely. Operators have been known to use a
429:, when the modem first establishes a connection to the provider's equipment. Some users have attempted to override the bandwidth cap and gain access to the full bandwidth of the system by uploading their own configuration file to the cable modem - a process called
425:) cable modems restrict upload and download rates, with customizable limits. These limits are set in configuration files which are downloaded to the modem using the
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Data-Over-Cable
Service Interface Specifications DOCSIS® 3.1 CCAP™ Operations Support System Interface Specification CM-SP-CCAP-OSSIv3.1-I25-220819. Cable labs.
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Data-Over-Cable
Service Interface Specifications DOCSIS® 4.0 Physical Layer Specification CM-SP-PHYv4.0-I06-221019. Cablelabs.
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technique; users' download speed is limited during peak times, if they have downloaded a large amount of data that day.
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Broadband cable
Internet access requires a cable modem at the customer's premises and a
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602:"Rogers, Bell and Telus hike Internet speeds, prices with 'gigabit' service"
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523:- single coaxial cable connection for internet, TV and telephone service
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In most residential broadband technologies, such as cable
Internet,
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637:. Using the Internet. MouseTrax Computing Solutions. Archived from
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provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
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405:, the direction toward the user, bit rates can be as high as 1
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409:. Upstream traffic, originating at the user, ranges from 384
395:
been used for cable internet, but the most common is DOCSIS.
1839:
757:
662:"Virgin Media cuts broadband speeds for heavy downloaders"
308:
infrastructure analogously to DSL which uses the existing
442:
331:. Recently, both have seen increased competition from
98:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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419:Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
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568:On The Design of Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks
453:, a population of users share the available
1970:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2006:
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461:, while some including cable internet and
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231:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
158:Learn how and when to remove this message
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14:
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631:"Cable Internet-Are You Being Capped?"
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262:which uses the same infrastructure as
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686:
457:. Some technologies share only their
195:providing more context for the reader
2016:
169:
96:adding citations to reliable sources
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26:
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24:
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25:
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600:Friend, David (October 5, 2015).
243:Form of broadband Internet access
42:This article has multiple issues.
2015:
2005:
1996:
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1605:Free-space optical communication
544:Hands-On Networking Fundamentals
541:Palmer, Michael (21 June 2012).
521:Triple play (telecommunications)
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72:
31:
83:needs additional citations for
50:or discuss these issues on the
660:Aughton, Simon (May 8, 2007).
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427:Trivial File Transfer Protocol
366:cable modem termination system
13:
1:
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1991:Telecommunication portal
1772:Telecommunications equipment
376:. The two are connected via
304:. It is integrated into the
7:
1508:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
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10:
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1212:Telecommunications history
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1979:
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1820:Public Switched Telephone
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1593:Fiber-optic communication
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1338:Francis Blake (telephone)
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1133:Optical telecommunication
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506:Internet service provider
348:satellite internet access
298:Internet service provider
260:broadband internet access
1731:Orbital angular-momentum
1168:Satellite communications
1007:Communications satellite
511:Network service provider
471:statistical multiplexing
374:cable television headend
1610:Molecular communication
1433:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1262:Undersea telegraph line
997:Cable protection system
463:passive optical network
268:digital subscriber line
107:"Cable Internet access"
1752:Communication protocol
1538:Charles Sumner Tainter
1353:Walter Houser Brattain
1298:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1106:Information revolution
372:facility, typically a
354:Hardware and bit rates
1726:Polarization-division
1458:Narinder Singh Kapany
1423:Erna Schneider Hoover
1343:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1323:Alexander Graham Bell
1054:online video platform
465:(PON) also share the
384:(HFC) network. While
320:networks are the two
272:fiber to the premises
252:cable Internet access
1568:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1528:Almon Brown Strowger
1498:Charles Grafton Page
1153:Prepaid mobile phone
1081:Electrical telegraph
641:on February 24, 2012
610:. The Canadian Press
484:bandwidth throttling
388:are referred to as
382:hybrid fibre-coaxial
92:improve this article
1518:Johann Philipp Reis
1277:Wireless revolution
1239:The Telephone Cases
1096:Hydraulic telegraph
860:Long range wireless
191:improve the article
1716:Frequency-division
1693:Telephone exchange
1563:Charles Wheatstone
1493:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1468:Innocenzo Manzetti
1403:Reginald Fessenden
1138:Optical telegraphy
971:Telecommunications
451:wireless broadband
447:satellite internet
318:telecommunications
312:network. Cable TV
248:telecommunications
2029:
2028:
1767:Store and forward
1762:Data transmission
1676:Network switching
1627:Transmission line
1473:Guglielmo Marconi
1438:Internet pioneers
1303:Mohamed M. Atalla
1272:Whistled language
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333:fiber deployments
296:access) from the
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16:(Redirected from
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1860:Notable networks
1850:Wireless network
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1782:Types of network
1757:Computer network
1644:Network topology
1558:Thomas A. Watson
1413:Oliver Heaviside
1398:Philo Farnsworth
1373:Daniel Davis Jr.
1348:Charles Bourseul
1308:John Logie Baird
1017:Data compression
1012:Computer network
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358:Main article:
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203:September 2014
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1388:Thomas Edison
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1185:Semiconductor
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501:Digital cable
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109: –
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103:Find sources:
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81:This article
79:
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69:
64:
62:
55:
54:
49:
48:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
1703:Multiplexing
1578:Transmission
1543:Nikola Tesla
1533:Henry Sutton
1488:Samuel Morse
1418:Robert Hooke
1383:Amos Dolbear
1318:John Bardeen
1237:
1217:Telautograph
1121:Mobile phone
1076:Edholm's law
1059:social media
992:Broadcasting
843:Wireless LAN
833:Wireless USB
815:Wireless PAN
727:
669:. Retrieved
665:
655:
643:. Retrieved
639:the original
634:
629:Ferri, Vic.
624:
612:. Retrieved
607:Toronto Star
605:
595:
586:
563:
543:
536:
459:core network
440:
418:
416:
401:
397:
389:
368:(CMTS) at a
363:
290:connectivity
255:
251:
245:
227:
209:
200:
189:Please help
184:
154:
145:
135:
128:
121:
114:
102:
90:Please help
85:verification
82:
58:
51:
45:
44:Please help
41:
1903:NPL network
1615:Radio waves
1553:Alfred Vail
1463:Hedy Lamarr
1448:Dawon Kahng
1408:Elisha Gray
1368:Yogen Dalal
1293:Nasir Ahmed
1227:Teleprinter
1091:Heliographs
496:Cable modem
482:, or other
360:Cable modem
326:residential
322:predominant
2036:Categories
1949:Antarctica
1908:Toasternet
1830:Television
1313:Paul Baran
1245:Television
1229:(teletype)
1222:Telegraphy
1200:transistor
1178:Phryctoria
1148:Photophone
1126:Smartphone
1116:Mass media
907:Muni Wi-Fi
798:Power-line
528:References
403:Downstream
300:to an end
118:newspapers
47:improve it
1933:Americas
1922:Locations
1893:Internet2
1654:Bandwidth
1358:Vint Cerf
1255:streaming
1233:Telephone
1173:Semaphore
1064:streaming
912:Satellite
823:Bluetooth
803:Broadband
778:IEEE 1901
475:bandwidth
455:bandwidth
431:uncapping
391:last-mile
324:forms of
310:telephone
294:last mile
284:provides
53:talk page
2001:Category
1888:Internet
1878:CYCLADES
1795:Ethernet
1745:Concepts
1669:terminal
1620:wireless
1443:Bob Kahn
1286:Pioneers
1111:Internet
1002:Cable TV
917:UMTS-TDD
768:HomePlug
748:Ethernet
635:TechTrax
490:See also
344:networks
337:wireless
314:networks
279:Internet
277:, cable
275:services
2021:Commons
2011:Outline
1964:Oceania
1883:FidoNet
1868:ARPANET
1681:circuit
1250:digital
979:History
773:HomePNA
733:Dial-up
671:May 12,
645:May 12,
614:May 12,
286:network
266:. Like
132:scholar
1959:Europe
1929:Africa
1913:Usenet
1873:BITNET
1810:Mobile
1686:packet
1195:MOSFET
1190:device
987:Beacon
892:iBurst
763:Nessum
738:DOCSIS
666:PC Pro
551:
423:DOCSIS
411:kbit/s
407:Gbit/s
341:mobile
282:access
134:
127:
120:
113:
105:
1942:South
1937:North
1898:JANET
1835:Telex
1825:Radio
1664:Nodes
1659:Links
1580:media
1158:Radio
1143:Pager
1071:Drums
1037:video
1032:image
1022:audio
927:WiBro
922:WiMAX
867:5G NR
851:Wi-Fi
828:Li-Fi
728:Cable
721:Wired
449:, or
417:Most
380:to a
288:edge
139:JSTOR
125:books
1954:Asia
1840:UUCP
1800:ISDN
902:MMDS
887:HSPA
882:GPRS
877:EVDO
872:DECT
788:MoCA
783:ISDN
758:G.hn
753:FTTx
673:2016
647:2016
616:2016
549:ISBN
473:, a
346:and
316:and
302:user
270:and
111:news
1845:WAN
1815:NGN
1805:LAN
1086:Fax
1027:DCT
897:LTE
793:PON
743:DSL
443:DSL
246:In
193:by
94:by
2038::
664:.
633:.
604:.
574:^
547:.
445:,
433:.
350:.
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136:·
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63:)
59:(
20:)
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