3112:
3228:
2939:
3469:
2743:
2603:
2559:
778:
3375:
960:
443:
272:
2520:
2451:
2237:
2124:
2041:
1840:
1671:
1576:
1381:
1059:
918:
2820:
2628:
785:
3345:
3532:
3614:
465:
4420:
CartografĂa geolĂłgica de las zonas Andina Sur y GarzĂłn-Quetame (Colombia) - Memoria explicativa de las planchas 411 La Cruz, 412 San Juan de
Villalobos, 430 Mocoa, 431 Piamonte, 448 Monopamba, 449 Orito y 465
3159:
3111:
4371:
3748:
2305:
1533:
1520:
1478:
1472:
1442:
1436:
1404:
1398:
1342:
1336:
1301:
1295:
1270:
1264:
1227:
1221:
1909:
667:
2887:
1486:
2249:
671:
5045:
4333:
Badouin, Cyril; Delanoy, GĂ©rard; Moreno Bedmar, Josep AntĂłn; Pictet, Antoine; Vermeulen, Jean; Conte, Gabriel; Gonnet, Roland; Boselli, Patrick; Bonelli, Marc (2016),
848:
867:
713:
501:
291:
3621:
3047:
874:
709:
497:
287:
3059:
3566:
2190:
1739:
1684:
651:
3006:
2848:
568:
The
Caballos Formation has a maximum thickness of 411 metres (1,348 ft) in the Quebrada Bambucá and is characterized by a lower sequence of fine to coarse
3170:
2642:
2528:
1868:
3387:
2534:
2408:
627:
148:
3705:
1853:
997:
3146:
2770:
2385:
1120:
631:
3501:
3398:
3312:
2951:
2471:
2397:
1802:
3539:
3122:
3071:
2131:
1980:
1591:
1584:
1003:
979:
3445:
2402:
2148:
1173:
1155:
623:
144:
3434:
2694:
2143:
1233:
3420:
2311:
4980:
3254:
3034:
3020:
1796:
1754:
1678:
1492:
1017:
841:
3544:
3027:
2964:
1167:
3134:
1010:
721:
3646:
1411:
717:
4335:"Revision of the Early Cretaceous genera Heminautilus SPATH, 1927, and Josanautilus MARTĂŤNEZ & GRAUGES, 2006 (Nautilida, Cenoceratidae)"
5060:
4970:
777:
5065:
5055:
356:
212:
3863:
4394:"Nuevos registros de helechos y conĂferas del Cretácico Inferior en la cuenca del Valle Superior del Magdalena, Colombia"
5035:
4384:
3744:
4447:
Chronology
Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia
5050:
5025:
1973:
1725:
395:
5030:
4450:
927:
1776:
509:
299:
5040:
5010:
5005:
4995:
1847:
793:
505:
295:
4975:
3715:
349:
205:
3710:
3227:
2946:
3325:
2938:
1075:
1066:
3426:
2827:
5020:
5000:
3591:
4487:
4466:
3734:
based on Duarte et al. (2019), GarcĂa González et al. (2009), and geological report of
Villavicencio
5015:
4379:
GarcĂa González, Mario; Mier Umaña, Ricardo; Cruz
Guevara, Luis Enrique; Vásquez, Mauricio (2009),
881:
690:
3001:
803:
659:
4941:
4920:
4899:
4878:
4857:
4836:
4815:
4794:
4773:
4752:
4731:
4710:
4689:
4668:
4634:
4613:
4592:
4571:
4550:
4529:
4508:
2755:
607:
2185:
4990:
4985:
1128:
547:
The formation was defined and named in 1967 by
Corrigan after Cerro Caballos, to the west of
4368:
Colombian
Sedimentary Basins: Nomenclature, Boundaries and Petroleum Geology, a New Proposal
1729:
247:
2322:
2257:
1935:
1782:
1114:
1081:
124:
2137:
1995:
8:
2464:
2283:
2214:
2101:
1883:
1817:
1607:
1501:
1420:
1349:
1310:
1248:
493:
255:
20:
4381:
Informe
Ejecutivo - evaluaciĂłn del potencial hidrocarburĂfero de las cuencas colombianas
3743:
based on Duarte et al. (2019) and the hydrocarbon potential evaluation performed by the
2476:
1747:
4393:
3572:
3468:
3307:
3284:
3201:
2834:
2742:
2635:
2602:
2391:
1988:
1629:
655:
2359:
985:
2317:
1789:
663:
635:
552:
430:
259:
134:
3382:
4772:
RodrĂguez, Gabriel; Ferreira, Paulina; Velandia, Francisco; Núñez, Alberto (1998),
4392:
Monje Durán, Camila; MartĂnez, Camila; Escapa, Ignacio; Madriñán, Santiago (2016),
4349:
3496:
3276:
3077:
991:
485:
251:
4334:
2558:
3661:
3368:
3268:
2680:
2669:
1861:
1771:
1467:
1331:
675:
4751:
MarquĂnez, Germán; RodrĂguez, Yohana; Terraza, Roberto; MartĂnez, Mario (2003),
3352:
3300:
2813:
2750:
2673:
2552:
2458:
2197:
1720:
1526:
1388:
1374:
1215:
1108:
1103:
1070:
969:
701:
687:
577:
573:
548:
388:
334:
4667:
GĂłmez, Jorge; Morales, Carlos; MarquĂnez, Germán; Velandia, Francisco (1999),
4964:
2882:
2736:
2664:
2621:
2513:
2077:
2070:
1931:
1833:
1623:
1326:
746:
647:
410:
397:
371:
358:
227:
214:
81:
34:
4378:
4366:
Barrero, Dario; Pardo, AndrĂ©s; Vargas, Carlos A.; MartĂnez, Juan F. (2007),
4434:
Mapa GeolĂłgico del
Departamento del Huila - 1:300,000 - Memoria explicativa
2781:
2413:
1664:
1024:
974:
861:
855:
816:
752:
734:
4633:
Fuquen, Jaime; RodrĂguez, Gabriel; Cossio, Ubaldo; Núñez, Alberto (1993),
4353:
3867:
3374:
2708:
2337:
2300:
2270:
2230:
2163:
2088:
2018:
1704:
1569:
1553:
1208:
953:
740:
697:
588:
56:
4507:
Acosta, Jorge E.; Guatame, Rafael; Torres, Oscar; Solano, Frank (1999),
4947:
4926:
4905:
4884:
4863:
4842:
4821:
4800:
4779:
4758:
4737:
4716:
4695:
4674:
4659:
4640:
4619:
4598:
4577:
4556:
4535:
4514:
4493:
4472:
4437:
4424:
2789:
2354:
2244:
2048:
2034:
1904:
1179:
937:
758:
611:
528:
101:
66:
959:
4432:
Velandia P., Francisco; Núñez T., Alberto; MarquĂnez, Germán (2001),
3637:
3221:
2519:
2450:
2375:
2236:
2180:
2123:
2040:
1952:
1925:
1899:
1839:
1700:
1670:
1575:
1549:
1451:
1380:
1358:
1279:
1192:
1098:
1058:
917:
824:
705:
599:
592:
569:
520:
464:
189:
179:
171:
106:
50:
4730:
Velandia, F.; Morales, C.J.; Caicedo, J.C.; Núñez, Alberto (1999),
3196:
3105:
2909:
2444:
1968:
1393:
1147:
1052:
911:
606:
and very fine sandstones. The upper part of the formation contains
581:
513:
448:
277:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
2819:
539:
epochs and has a maximum thickness of 411 metres (1,348 ft).
4750:
4391:
4332:
3607:
3235:
2785:
2712:
2627:
2596:
2417:
1028:
683:
679:
596:
584:
111:
86:
4654:
Acosta, Jorge; Caro, Pablo; Fuquen, Jaime; Osorno, José (2002),
3344:
2996:
2932:
2566:
2380:
2117:
2064:
763:
646:. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the
643:
639:
622:
The
Caballos Formation in some parts concordantly overlies the
536:
532:
42:
38:
4771:
4612:
Cossio, Ubaldo; RodrĂguez, Gabriel; RodrĂguez, Miguel (1995),
4688:
Ferreira, Paulina; Núñez, Alberto; RodrĂguez, Miguel (1998),
4666:
524:
516:
303:
175:
4793:
RodrĂguez, Gabriel; Zapata, Gilberto; Velázquez, M. (2003),
4431:
3613:
617:
4729:
4570:
Acosta, Jorge; Calcedo, Juan Carlos; Ulloa, Carlos (1999),
2489:
603:
193:
4632:
4528:
Nuñez, Alberto; Mosquera, Dario; Vesga, Carlos J. (2009),
4365:
4506:
3531:
4792:
4611:
4401:
BoletĂn de GeologĂa, Universidad Industrial de Santander
4709:
MarquĂnez, Germán; Morales, C.; Núñez, Alberto (1999),
4687:
4653:
724:
of the latter basin produce from Caballos reservoirs.
4708:
4054:
4052:
3706:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia
4591:
Carvajal, Cesar; Fuquen, Jaime; GĂłmez, Luis (1993),
4590:
4159:
4157:
806:, found in Huila, Tolima and Putumayo Departments.
5046:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America
4569:
4527:
4277:
4275:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4220:
4184:
4097:
4049:
3769:
3767:
4464:
4147:
4145:
4133:
4033:
4031:
4003:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3918:
3916:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
797:Type locality of the Caballos Formation in Tolima
4962:
4838:Plancha 412 - San Juan de Villalobos - 1:100,000
4154:
4124:
4549:Calcedo, Juan Carlos; Terraza, Roberto (2000),
4465:MarquĂnez, Germán; Velandia, Francisco (2001),
4272:
4263:
4247:
4088:
3785:
3776:
3764:
587:composition, a middle section of fossiliferous
4548:
4314:
4238:
4211:
4202:
4193:
4175:
4166:
4142:
4115:
4106:
4079:
4070:
4061:
4040:
4028:
4019:
4010:
3998:
3986:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3913:
3893:
3873:
626:and in other parts rests unconformably on the
4289:
4287:
4229:
4485:
4417:
3953:
3925:
4939:
4918:
4897:
4876:
4855:
4834:
4813:
4305:
4296:
4284:
784:
463:
4486:Fuquen, Jaime A.; Nuñez, Alberto (2003),
802:The Caballos Formation is apart from its
712:, and a source and reservoir rock in the
618:Stratigraphy and depositional environment
4981:Lower Cretaceous Series of South America
4444:
809:
678:. The formation has been deposited in a
469:Paleogeography of Northern South America
3716:Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
4963:
4615:Plancha 283 - PurificaciĂłn - 1:100,000
732:The formation has provided fossils of
4940:Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002),
4919:Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002),
4898:Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002),
4877:Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002),
4856:Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002),
4835:Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002),
4814:Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002),
4733:Plancha 345 - Campoalegre - 1:100,000
4670:Plancha 322 - Santa MarĂa - 1:100,000
4489:Mapa GeolĂłgico del Putumayo 1:400,000
2831:
2579:
2538:
2480:
2407:
1929:
1858:
1682:
1589:
1409:
1008:
4163:Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
4139:Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
4130:Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
4943:Plancha 465 - Churiyaco - 1:100,000
4901:Plancha 448 - Monopamba - 1:100,000
4594:Plancha 282 - Chaparral - 1:100,000
4385:Universidad Industrial de Santander
638:. The age has been estimated to be
634:. The formation is overlain by the
13:
4880:Plancha 431 - Piamonte - 1:100,000
4754:Plancha 365 - Coconuco - 1:100,000
4656:Plancha 303 - Colombia - 1:100,000
4573:Plancha 265 - Icononzo - 1:100,000
4510:Plancha 245 - Girardot - 1:100,000
4468:Mapa GeolĂłgico del Huila 1:300,000
4320:GarcĂa González et al., 2009, p.60
4190:Pulido & GĂłmez, 2001, pp.17-21
4076:Correa MartĂnez et al., 2019, p.49
4058:Pulido & GĂłmez, 2001, pp.21-26
3922:GarcĂa González et al., 2009, p.85
3910:GarcĂa González et al., 2009, p.50
3890:GarcĂa González et al., 2009, p.27
3836:GarcĂa González et al., 2009, p.16
3818:GarcĂa González et al., 2009, p.83
3612:
3530:
3467:
3373:
3343:
3226:
3110:
2937:
2818:
2741:
2626:
2601:
2557:
2518:
2449:
2235:
2122:
2039:
1838:
1669:
1574:
1379:
1057:
958:
916:
14:
5077:
4817:Plancha 411 - La Cruz - 1:100,000
4712:Plancha 344 - Tesalia - 1:100,000
4552:Plancha 264 - Espinal - 1:100,000
4121:Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
727:
5061:Geography of Putumayo Department
4796:Plancha 389 - Timaná - 1:100,000
4775:Plancha 366 - GarzĂłn - 1:100,000
4531:Plancha 263 - Ortega - 1:100,000
4269:GĂłmez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
3692:distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)
1974:Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event
783:
776:
441:
270:
158:up to 411 m (1,348 ft)
54:
16:Geological formation in Colombia
4971:Geologic formations of Colombia
4922:Plancha 449 - Orito - 1:100,000
4859:Plancha 430 - Mocoa - 1:100,000
4691:Plancha 323 - Neiva - 1:100,000
4451:Society for Sedimentary Geology
4326:
4172:Arango MejĂa et al., 2012, p.25
3857:
3848:
3737:
3728:
5066:Geography of Tolima Department
4636:Plancha 302 - Aipe - 1:100,000
4067:Pulido & GĂłmez, 2001, p.28
4046:Pulido & GĂłmez, 2001, p.30
4037:Pulido & GĂłmez, 2001, p.32
3839:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3265:Yellow: allochthonous basement
1276:Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2)
563:
558:
1:
5056:Geography of Huila Department
4418:Núñez Tello, Alberto (2003),
3758:
3273:Green: autochthonous basement
2204:Shallow to open marine (Paja)
1448:Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6)
4302:GarcĂa González et al., 2009
4235:Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
4226:Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
3711:Geology of the Eastern Hills
2796:2,400 m (7,900 ft)
2331:2,935 m (9,629 ft)
1498:Proximal deltaic-marine (C7)
1417:Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5)
1307:Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3)
1238:Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1)
696:The Caballos Formation is a
542:
389:Approximate paleocoordinates
7:
4103:Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
3791:Velandia et al., 2001, p.54
3782:Velandia et al., 2001, p.34
3773:Velandia et al., 2001, p.53
3699:
2327:Restricted marine (Macanal)
1873:Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe)
769:
762:, as well as many types of
10:
5082:
4281:Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
4260:Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
4094:Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
3974:Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
3950:Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
3845:Badouin et al., 2016, p.87
3645:
3322:
3283:
3281:
3277:RĂo Negro-Juruena Province
3264:
3239:
2865:600 m (2,000 ft)
2719:900 m (3,000 ft)
2581:
2277:910 m (2,990 ft)
2208:940 m (3,080 ft)
2157:800 m (2,600 ft)
2095:500 m (1,600 ft)
2012:500 m (1,600 ft)
2000:
1877:750 m (2,460 ft)
1355:Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4)
1242:850 m (2,790 ft)
1186:400 m (1,300 ft)
1035:550 m (1,800 ft)
819:and surrounding provinces
458:411 m (1,348 ft)
18:
5036:Reservoir rock formations
3611:
3606:
3570:
3529:
3511:
3495:
3475:
3466:
3444:
3424:
3419:
3372:
3367:
3311:
3299:
3253:
3246:
3207:
3205:
3182:
3180:
3169:
3158:
3156:
3132:
3109:
2950:
2936:
2913:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2886:
2861:Shallow marine (Floresta)
2817:
2769:
2692:
2677:
2641:
2639:
2625:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2533:
2469:
2457:
2429:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2309:
2262:
2243:
2234:
2147:
2142:
2121:
2082:
2075:
2047:
2038:
2017:
2010:
2007:
1993:
1986:
1977:
1908:
1903:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1837:
1801:
1794:
1752:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1668:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1582:
1573:
1524:
1490:
1485:
1440:
1402:
1387:
1378:
1373:
1340:
1299:
1268:
1240:
1232:
1225:
1212:
1207:
1159:
1124:
1119:
1056:
1033:
1023:
1001:
996:
978:
936:
931:
735:Heminautilus etheringtoni
462:
455:Thickness at type section
454:
436:
426:
387:
348:
340:
330:
322:
314:
309:
283:
265:
243:
204:
199:
185:
167:
162:
154:
140:
130:
120:
33:
28:
5051:Paleontology in Colombia
4453:(SEPM), pp. 161–216
4445:Villamil, Tomas (2012),
4311:Pulido & GĂłmez, 2001
3854:Monje et al., 2016, p.38
3721:
3689:proximal Llanos (Medina)
2496:100 m (330 ft)
2424:110 m (360 ft)
1811:225 m (738 ft)
1694:260 m (850 ft)
1601:240 m (790 ft)
19:Not to be confused with
5026:Shallow marine deposits
4458:
4244:Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
4217:Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
4208:Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
4199:Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
4181:Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
4151:Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
4112:Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
4085:Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
4025:Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
4016:Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
4007:Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
3995:Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
3983:Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
3673:fossiliferous formation
3622:Carajas-Imataca orogeny
2008:Restricted marine (all)
527:formation dates to the
5031:Source rock formations
3617:
3535:
3472:
3421:Rondônia-Juruá orogeny
3378:
3348:
3231:
3115:
2942:
2823:
2746:
2631:
2606:
2562:
2523:
2454:
2240:
2127:
2044:
1843:
1674:
1579:
1384:
1062:
963:
921:
710:Upper Magdalena Valley
498:Upper Magdalena Valley
489:
372:3.821917°N 75.356222°W
228:3.821917°N 75.356222°W
3800:Villamil, 2012, p.166
3616:
3567:Transamazonic orogeny
3534:
3471:
3377:
3347:
3308:Cariri Velhos orogeny
3230:
3114:
2947:Rich fauna in Bolivia
2941:
2822:
2745:
2630:
2605:
2561:
2522:
2453:
2239:
2153:Open marine (FĂłmeque)
2126:
2043:
1842:
1690:Deltaic (Los Cuervos)
1673:
1578:
1383:
1061:
967:Pleistocene volcanism
962:
920:
810:Regional correlations
714:Caguán-Putumayo Basin
502:Caguán-Putumayo Basin
292:Caguán-Putumayo Basin
5041:Seal rock formations
5011:Limestone formations
5006:Siltstone formations
4996:Sandstone formations
815:Stratigraphy of the
794:class=notpageimage|
494:geological formation
377:3.821917; -75.356222
233:3.821917; -75.356222
125:Geological formation
4976:Cretaceous Colombia
4293:Duarte et al., 2019
3668:important formation
3236:Break-up of Rodinia
3119:Regional intrusions
2665:Early Carboniferous
1546:Marine-deltaic (C8)
1213:Miocene inundations
820:
407: /
368: /
224: /
35:Stratigraphic range
21:Caballos Novaculite
4354:10.4267/2042/58977
4342:Carnets Geologicás
3618:
3536:
3473:
3379:
3349:
3232:
3202:Cambrian explosion
3116:
2943:
2824:
2747:
2636:Famatinian orogeny
2632:
2622:Late Carboniferous
2607:
2563:
2524:
2455:
2445:Early-Mid Jurassic
2381:Break-up of Pangea
2241:
2128:
2045:
1844:
1675:
1580:
1385:
1067:Pliocene volcanism
1063:
964:
925:Holocene volcanism
922:
814:
595:, intercalated by
490:FormaciĂłn Caballos
482:Caballos Formation
260:Tolima Departments
149:Saldaña Formations
29:Caballos Formation
3679:
3652:
3651:
2828:High biodiversity
2186:High biodiversity
1597:Coastal (Mirador)
1152:Regional flooding
893:Petroleum geology
888:Maximum thickness
747:Brachyphyllum sp.
636:Hondita Formation
628:Saldaña Formation
529:Middle Cretaceous
478:
477:
135:Hondita Formation
5073:
5021:Fluvial deposits
5001:Shale formations
4957:
4956:
4955:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4663:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4454:
4441:
4440:, pp. 1–152
4428:
4427:, pp. 1–298
4414:
4413:
4412:
4398:
4388:
4387:, pp. 1–219
4375:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4339:
4321:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4282:
4279:
4270:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4245:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4152:
4149:
4140:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4047:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4026:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4005:
3996:
3993:
3984:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3951:
3948:
3923:
3920:
3911:
3908:
3891:
3888:
3871:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3752:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3685:
3677:
3633:
3603:
3587:
3577:
3562:
3552:
3526:
3516:
3509:
3497:Paleoproterozoic
3492:
3480:
3463:
3453:
3442:
3431:
3416:
3406:
3395:
3364:
3339:
3329:
3320:
3296:
3262:
3251:
3244:
3217:
3192:
3178:
3167:
3154:
3143:
3130:
3101:
3086:
3067:
3055:
3042:
3030:
3023:
3016:
2997:Early Ordovician
2992:
2972:
2959:
2928:
2917:
2905:
2888:Silurian mystery
2878:
2868:
2851:
2844:
2809:
2799:
2778:
2763:
2751:Passive margin 1
2732:
2722:
2703:
2690:
2660:
2650:
2617:
2592:
2576:
2548:
2531:
2509:
2499:
2484:
2459:Passive margin 2
2440:
2427:
2371:
2350:
2334:
2296:
2280:
2266:
2226:
2211:
2176:
2160:
2113:
2098:
2060:
2030:
2015:
2004:
1964:
1948:
1921:
1895:
1880:
1856:
1829:
1814:
1767:
1716:
1697:
1660:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1619:
1604:
1565:
1543:
1529:
1513:
1463:
1432:
1370:
1322:
1291:
1260:
1245:
1204:
1189:
1163:
1143:
1117:
1094:
1084:
1048:
1038:
1020:
949:
928:Seismic activity
907:
899:
894:
889:
884:
877:
870:
851:
844:
837:
821:
813:
787:
786:
780:
753:Cladophlebis sp.
676:Pacho Formations
632:Ibagué Batholith
474:
467:
447:
445:
444:
422:
421:
419:
418:
417:
412:
408:
405:
404:
403:
400:
383:
382:
380:
379:
378:
373:
369:
366:
365:
364:
361:
276:
274:
273:
239:
238:
236:
235:
234:
229:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
116:
53:
26:
25:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5016:Coal formations
4961:
4960:
4953:
4951:
4932:
4930:
4911:
4909:
4890:
4888:
4869:
4867:
4848:
4846:
4827:
4825:
4806:
4804:
4785:
4783:
4764:
4762:
4743:
4741:
4722:
4720:
4701:
4699:
4680:
4678:
4646:
4644:
4625:
4623:
4604:
4602:
4583:
4581:
4562:
4560:
4541:
4539:
4520:
4518:
4499:
4497:
4478:
4476:
4461:
4410:
4408:
4396:
4374:, pp. 1–92
4358:
4356:
4337:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4285:
4280:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4155:
4150:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3954:
3949:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3894:
3889:
3874:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3827:ANH, 2007, p.57
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:ANH, 2007, p.84
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3702:
3696:
3683:
3678:minor formation
3664:
3631:
3601:
3585:
3571:
3560:
3548:
3547:
3540:TapajĂłs orogeny
3524:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3490:
3478:pre-Bucaramanga
3476:
3461:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3390:
3369:Mesoproterozoic
3362:
3337:
3323:
3316:
3315:
3294:
3274:
3272:
3269:Chibcha Terrane
3266:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3240:
3215:
3190:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3162:
3160:SJ del Guaviare
3150:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3099:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3009:
2990:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2933:Late Ordovician
2926:
2915:
2903:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2774:
2773:
2759:
2758:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2686:
2685:
2672:
2658:
2646:
2645:
2615:
2590:
2574:
2546:
2527:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2438:
2425:
2423:
2405:
2400:
2369:
2348:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2294:
2278:
2276:
2264:
2251:
2224:
2209:
2207:
2174:
2158:
2156:
2111:
2096:
2094:
2058:
2028:
2013:
2011:
2002:
1962:
1946:
1938:
1919:
1910:ColĂłn-Mito Juan
1893:
1878:
1876:
1865:
1852:
1827:
1812:
1810:
1807:Fluvial (Barco)
1772:Early Paleocene
1765:
1757:
1733:
1728:
1714:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1628:
1617:
1602:
1600:
1563:
1552:
1539:
1525:
1511:
1495:
1468:Early Oligocene
1461:
1430:
1414:
1392:
1368:
1320:
1289:
1258:
1243:
1241:
1214:
1202:
1187:
1185:
1161:
1141:
1133:
1113:
1107:
1092:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1013:
989:
973:
968:
947:
926:
905:
897:
892:
887:
880:
873:
866:
847:
840:
836:Regional events
835:
812:
800:
799:
798:
796:
790:
789:
788:
772:
741:Araucarites sp.
730:
620:
566:
561:
545:
472:
470:
468:
442:
440:
415:
413:
409:
406:
401:
398:
396:
394:
393:
376:
374:
370:
367:
362:
359:
357:
355:
354:
294:
271:
269:
232:
230:
226:
223:
218:
215:
213:
211:
210:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5079:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4959:
4958:
4937:
4916:
4895:
4874:
4853:
4832:
4811:
4790:
4769:
4748:
4727:
4706:
4685:
4664:
4651:
4630:
4609:
4588:
4567:
4546:
4525:
4504:
4483:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4442:
4429:
4415:
4389:
4376:
4363:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4313:
4304:
4295:
4283:
4271:
4262:
4246:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4192:
4183:
4174:
4165:
4153:
4141:
4132:
4123:
4114:
4105:
4096:
4087:
4078:
4069:
4060:
4048:
4039:
4027:
4018:
4009:
3997:
3985:
3976:
3952:
3924:
3912:
3892:
3872:
3856:
3847:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3775:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3736:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3635:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3619:
3610:
3605:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3564:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3542:
3537:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3510:
3499:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3474:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3443:
3432:
3423:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3396:
3385:
3383:Sunsás orogeny
3380:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:Snowball Earth
3350:
3341:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3321:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3301:Neoproterozoic
3298:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3263:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3224:
3219:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3199:
3197:Early Cambrian
3194:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3168:
3157:
3155:
3144:
3133:
3131:
3120:
3117:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3070:
3069:
3058:
3056:
3045:
3043:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2962:
2960:
2949:
2944:
2935:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2912:
2910:Early Silurian
2907:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2846:
2830:
2825:
2816:
2814:Early Devonian
2811:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2793:
2779:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2753:
2748:
2739:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2693:
2691:
2676:
2667:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2555:
2553:Early Triassic
2550:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2516:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2447:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2421:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2242:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1905:End of rifting
1902:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1721:Late Paleocene
1718:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1389:Andean orogeny
1386:
1377:
1375:Late Oligocene
1372:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1332:Pebas wetlands
1329:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1216:Andean orogeny
1211:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1104:Andean orogeny
1101:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1078:
1071:Andean orogeny
1064:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1022:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1000:
995:
982:
977:
970:Andean orogeny
965:
956:
951:
943:
942:
940:
935:
933:
930:
923:
914:
909:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
878:
871:
864:
858:
852:
845:
838:
833:
830:
827:
811:
808:
792:
791:
782:
781:
775:
774:
773:
771:
768:
759:Weichselia sp.
729:
728:Fossil content
726:
722:Moqueta Fields
688:shallow marine
624:YavĂ Formation
619:
616:
578:quartz arenite
574:lithic arenite
565:
562:
560:
557:
544:
541:
510:Eastern Ranges
476:
475:
460:
459:
456:
452:
451:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
423:
391:
385:
384:
352:
346:
345:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:
324:
320:
319:
318:Cerro Caballos
316:
312:
311:
307:
306:
300:Eastern Ranges
285:
281:
280:
267:
263:
262:
245:
241:
240:
208:
202:
201:
197:
196:
187:
183:
182:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5078:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4938:
4928:
4924:
4923:
4917:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4875:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4854:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4833:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4791:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4770:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4749:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4728:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4707:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4686:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4631:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4610:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4589:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4547:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4505:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4484:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4452:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4406:
4402:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4355:
4351:
4348:(5): 61–212,
4347:
4343:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4317:
4308:
4299:
4290:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4266:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4241:
4232:
4223:
4214:
4205:
4196:
4187:
4178:
4169:
4160:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4136:
4127:
4118:
4109:
4100:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4055:
4053:
4043:
4034:
4032:
4022:
4013:
4004:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3980:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3768:
3763:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3470:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3249:post-Parguaza
3243:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3161:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3106:Late Cambrian
3104:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3002:First fossils
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2883:Late Silurian
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:Late Devonian
2735:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:Late Triassic
2512:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1848:KT extinction
1846:
1841:
1835:
1834:Maastrichtian
1832:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:(Los Cuervos)
1687:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1624:Middle Eocene
1620:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Early Miocene
1325:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1005:
999:
994:
993:
988:
987:
983:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
957:
955:
952:
950:
945:
944:
941:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
915:
913:
910:
908:
903:
902:
896:
891:
886:
883:
879:
876:
872:
869:
865:
863:
859:
857:
853:
850:
846:
843:
839:
834:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
818:
807:
805:
804:type locality
795:
779:
767:
765:
761:
760:
755:
754:
749:
748:
743:
742:
737:
736:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:TibĂş-Mercedes
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
615:
613:
609:
608:conglomerates
605:
601:
598:
594:
590:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
556:
554:
550:
549:Olaya Herrera
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
473:by Ron Blakey
466:
461:
457:
453:
450:
439:
435:
432:
429:
425:
420:
392:
390:
386:
381:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
335:Olaya Herrera
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
282:
279:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
237:
209:
207:
203:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
49:120–100
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
4991:Aptian Stage
4986:Albian Stage
4952:, retrieved
4942:
4931:, retrieved
4921:
4910:, retrieved
4900:
4889:, retrieved
4879:
4868:, retrieved
4858:
4847:, retrieved
4837:
4826:, retrieved
4816:
4805:, retrieved
4795:
4784:, retrieved
4774:
4763:, retrieved
4753:
4742:, retrieved
4732:
4721:, retrieved
4711:
4700:, retrieved
4690:
4679:, retrieved
4669:
4655:
4645:, retrieved
4635:
4624:, retrieved
4614:
4603:, retrieved
4593:
4582:, retrieved
4572:
4561:, retrieved
4551:
4540:, retrieved
4530:
4519:, retrieved
4509:
4498:, retrieved
4488:
4477:, retrieved
4467:
4446:
4433:
4419:
4409:, retrieved
4404:
4400:
4380:
4367:
4357:, retrieved
4345:
4341:
4327:Bibliography
4316:
4307:
4298:
4265:
4240:
4231:
4222:
4213:
4204:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4168:
4135:
4126:
4117:
4108:
4099:
4090:
4081:
4072:
4063:
4042:
4021:
4012:
3979:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3796:
3787:
3778:
3739:
3730:
3695:
3682:
3672:
3667:
3630:
3600:
3584:
3573:
3559:
3549:
3523:
3513:
3506:
3489:
3477:
3460:
3450:
3439:
3427:
3413:
3403:
3392:
3361:
3336:
3326:pre-Guaviare
3324:
3317:
3293:
3259:
3248:
3241:
3214:
3189:
3175:
3164:
3151:
3140:
3127:
3098:
3083:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3039:
3012:
2989:
2969:
2956:
2925:
2914:
2902:
2875:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2806:
2798:(Farallones)
2792:(Farallones)
2775:
2760:
2729:
2700:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2657:
2647:
2614:
2589:
2573:
2545:
2506:
2481:
2463:
2437:
2426:(Buenavista)
2420:(Buenavista)
2390:
2368:
2347:
2316:
2293:
2279:(Las Juntas)
2273:(Las Juntas)
2263:
2256:
2223:
2196:
2195:
2173:
2136:
2110:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2057:
2027:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1961:
1945:
1918:
1892:
1860:
1826:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1764:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1713:
1683:
1665:Early Eocene
1657:
1646:
1635:
1616:
1590:
1583:
1562:
1540:
1532:
1517:Oligo-Eocene
1510:
1477:
1460:
1443:Carbonera C6
1441:
1429:
1405:Carbonera C5
1403:
1367:
1348:
1343:Carbonera C4
1341:
1319:
1302:Carbonera C3
1300:
1288:
1271:Carbonera C2
1269:
1257:
1228:Carbonera C1
1226:
1201:
1172:
1160:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1091:
1045:
1002:
990:
984:
946:
904:
882:Environments
817:Llanos Basin
801:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
731:
695:
621:
614:sandstones.
589:black shales
567:
546:
481:
479:
411:2.9°S 47.4°W
363:75°21′22.4″W
341:Year defined
310:Type section
219:75°21′22.4″W
4950:, p. 1
4929:, p. 1
4908:, p. 1
4887:, p. 1
4866:, p. 1
4845:, p. 1
4824:, p. 1
4803:, p. 1
4782:, p. 1
4761:, p. 1
4740:, p. 1
4719:, p. 1
4698:, p. 1
4677:, p. 1
4662:, p. 1
4643:, p. 1
4622:, p. 1
4601:, p. 1
4580:, p. 1
4559:, p. 1
4538:, p. 1
4517:, p. 1
4496:, p. 1
4475:, p. 1
3868:Fossilworks
3684:(age in Ma)
3507:(1500-1700)
3451:(1180-1550)
3440:(1300-1400)
3404:(1030-1100)
3313:Bucaramanga
3242:pre-Quetame
3072:Agua Blanca
2756:RĂo CachirĂ
2674:Romer's gap
2670:Fossil fish
2643:Cerro Neiva
2582:"Paleozoic"
2498:(La Quinta)
2492:(La Quinta)
2301:Valanginian
2231:Hauterivian
2191:Aguardiente
1879:(Guadalupe)
1740:Los Cuervos
1730:2000 ppm CO
1685:Los Cuervos
1570:Late Eocene
1244:(Carbonera)
1209:Burdigalian
975:Glaciations
954:Pleistocene
691:environment
652:Aguardiente
612:glauconitic
564:Lithologies
559:Description
492:, KI) is a
416:-2.9; -47.4
414: /
375: /
360:3°49′18.9″N
350:Coordinates
231: /
216:3°49′18.9″N
206:Coordinates
4965:Categories
4954:2017-06-06
4948:INGEOMINAS
4933:2017-06-06
4927:INGEOMINAS
4912:2017-06-06
4906:INGEOMINAS
4891:2017-06-06
4885:INGEOMINAS
4870:2017-06-06
4864:INGEOMINAS
4849:2017-06-06
4843:INGEOMINAS
4828:2017-06-06
4822:INGEOMINAS
4807:2017-06-06
4801:INGEOMINAS
4786:2017-06-06
4780:INGEOMINAS
4765:2017-06-06
4759:INGEOMINAS
4744:2017-06-06
4738:INGEOMINAS
4723:2017-06-06
4717:INGEOMINAS
4702:2017-06-06
4696:INGEOMINAS
4681:2017-06-06
4675:INGEOMINAS
4660:INGEOMINAS
4647:2017-06-06
4641:INGEOMINAS
4626:2017-06-06
4620:INGEOMINAS
4605:2017-06-06
4599:INGEOMINAS
4584:2017-06-06
4578:INGEOMINAS
4563:2017-06-06
4557:INGEOMINAS
4542:2017-06-06
4536:INGEOMINAS
4521:2017-06-06
4515:INGEOMINAS
4500:2017-09-21
4494:INGEOMINAS
4479:2017-09-21
4473:INGEOMINAS
4438:INGEOMINAS
4425:INGEOMINAS
4411:2017-03-31
4359:2017-01-20
3864:Los Mangos
3759:References
3514:pre-GarzĂłn
3428:pre-AriarĂ
3318:(600-1400)
3171:San Isidro
3123:Chicamocha
3048:RĂo Nevado
3013:>470±22
2867:(Floresta)
2695:Farallones
2529:Mucuchachi
2430:"Jurassic"
2398:Buenavista
2355:Berriasian
2323:Rosablanca
2258:Las Juntas
2035:Cenomanian
1869:Monserrate
1180:Lacustrine
1115:Marichuela
1082:Subachoque
938:Overburden
849:Cordillera
600:limestones
593:siltstones
570:sandstones
4421:Churuyaco
3638:Kenorland
3399:La Urraca
3222:Ediacaran
3165:(490-590)
3128:(490-515)
3084:(470-475)
3021:Chuscales
2957:(450-490)
2952:San Pedro
2842:(387-400)
2761:(360-419)
2713:estuarine
2688:(355-385)
2465:La Quinta
2376:Tithonian
2333:(Macanal)
2306:RĂo Negro
2284:Reservoir
2215:Reservoir
2181:Barremian
2159:(FĂłmeque)
2102:Reservoir
2014:(Gachetá)
1953:Coniacian
1936:GĂĽagĂĽaquĂ
1926:Santonian
1900:Campanian
1884:Reservoir
1862:Guadalupe
1854:Catatumbo
1818:Reservoir
1755:Gualanday
1608:Reservoir
1603:(Mirador)
1502:Reservoir
1493:Gualanday
1421:Reservoir
1350:Barzalosa
1311:Reservoir
1249:Reservoir
1099:Messinian
1037:(Guayabo)
1031:(Guayabo)
998:Necesidad
854:proximal
842:Catatumbo
706:seal rock
702:reservoir
684:estuarine
543:Etymology
521:sandstone
514:Colombian
315:Named for
190:Limestone
180:siltstone
172:Sandstone
163:Lithology
155:Thickness
131:Underlies
3700:See also
3592:Columbia
3574:pre-MitĂş
3502:Maimachi
3435:Parguaza
3285:Basement
3255:El Barro
3007:Busbanzá
2849:El TĂbet
2835:Floresta
2782:Alluvial
2488:Coastal
2472:Montebel
2414:Alluvial
2392:Arcabuco
2252:Mercedes
2084:Caballos
1989:Chipaque
1969:Turonian
1803:Rumiyaco
1630:Regadera
1394:Foredeep
1148:Langhian
1109:Foreland
1053:Pliocene
1025:Alluvial
932:alluvium
912:Holocene
868:Putumayo
832:Paleomap
770:Outcrops
660:El Peñón
656:Simijaca
597:micritic
582:feldspar
531:period;
471:105 Ma,
449:Colombia
331:Location
326:Corrigan
323:Named by
278:Colombia
256:Putumayo
200:Location
141:Overlies
4407:: 29–42
3751:in 2009
3647:Sources
3608:Archean
3135:Quetame
2786:fluvial
2721:(Cuche)
2715:(Cuche)
2709:Deltaic
2597:Permian
2535:Payandé
2418:fluvial
2409:Saldaña
2318:Macanal
2312:Cáqueza
2271:Deltaic
2138:FĂłmeque
2132:Capacho
2089:Deltaic
1996:Gachetá
1981:La Luna
1932:Villeta
1813:(Barco)
1790:Guaduas
1592:Mirador
1585:Mirador
1029:fluvial
1011:Gigante
1004:Guayabo
980:Guayabo
860:distal
708:in the
680:fluvial
668:Tablazo
664:Capotes
585:arenite
512:of the
506:Central
500:(VSM),
496:of the
486:Spanish
437:Country
402:47°24′W
296:Central
266:Country
248:Caquetá
168:Primary
3655:Legend
3550:(1800)
3446:GarzĂłn
3393:(1000)
3388:AriarĂ
3147:AriarĂ
3078:Venado
3060:HĂgado
3028:Otengá
2916:hiatus
2771:Ambicá
2575:hiatus
2567:Pangea
2483:hiatus
2477:Noreán
2386:Jordán
2338:Source
2286:(LJun)
2265:hiatus
2245:Rift 1
2210:(Paja)
2164:Source
2144:Motema
2118:Aptian
2065:Albian
2049:Rift 2
2019:Source
2003:hiatus
1748:Bogotá
1705:Source
1637:hiatus
1554:Source
1487:Pepino
1234:Ospina
1188:(LeĂłn)
1182:(LeĂłn)
1162:hiatus
1121:Caimán
992:Sabana
862:Llanos
856:Llanos
764:pollen
756:, and
716:. The
698:source
644:Albian
640:Aptian
553:Tolima
537:Albian
533:Aptian
519:. The
446:
431:Tolima
427:Region
399:2°54′S
298:&
290:&
284:Extent
275:
258:&
244:Region
147:&
43:Albian
39:Aptian
4397:(PDF)
4338:(PDF)
3722:Notes
3662:group
3035:Guape
2681:Cuche
2360:GirĂłn
2340:(Mac)
2250:TibĂş-
2166:(FĂłm)
2097:(Une)
2091:(Une)
1797:Barco
1783:Barco
1777:SALMA
1679:Socha
1541:onlap
1412:Orito
1129:Honda
1018:Neiva
986:Soatá
898:Notes
718:Orito
604:coals
572:, of
525:shale
517:Andes
304:Andes
252:Huila
186:Other
176:shale
4459:Maps
3870:.org
3747:and
3632:3100
3602:2530
3586:2200
3561:1950
3545:MitĂş
3525:1800
3491:1600
3462:1400
3415:1300
3363:1000
2965:Duda
2790:reef
2490:tuff
2403:Batá
2198:Paja
2149:YavĂ
1726:PETM
1701:Seal
1550:Seal
1527:Usme
1452:Seal
1359:Seal
1280:Seal
1259:17.3
1203:16.2
1193:Seal
1174:LeĂłn
1168:Caja
1156:LeĂłn
1142:13.5
1076:GABI
906:0.01
720:and
704:and
686:and
674:and
630:and
610:and
602:and
591:and
580:and
523:and
508:and
480:The
344:1967
194:coal
145:YavĂ
121:Type
57:Preęž’
4372:ANH
4350:doi
3866:at
3749:ANH
3745:UIS
3338:800
3295:600
3216:542
3191:515
3100:488
2991:470
2927:440
2904:425
2877:410
2808:390
2731:360
2659:340
2616:300
2591:250
2547:235
2508:201
2439:150
2370:145
2349:140
2295:133
2225:129
2175:125
2112:113
2078:Une
2071:Une
2059:100
1093:5.3
1047:2.6
1027:to
875:VSM
829:Age
682:to
648:Une
642:to
535:to
288:VSM
4967::
4946:,
4925:,
4904:,
4883:,
4862:,
4841:,
4820:,
4799:,
4778:,
4757:,
4736:,
4715:,
4694:,
4673:,
4658:,
4639:,
4618:,
4597:,
4576:,
4555:,
4534:,
4513:,
4492:,
4471:,
4449:,
4436:,
4423:,
4405:38
4403:,
4399:,
4383:,
4370:,
4346:16
4344:,
4340:,
4286:^
4274:^
4249:^
4156:^
4144:^
4051:^
4030:^
4000:^
3988:^
3955:^
3927:^
3915:^
3895:^
3875:^
3766:^
3260:()
3176:()
3152:()
3141:()
3065:()
3053:()
3040:()
2970:()
2776:()
2711:,
2701:()
2648:()
2416:,
2029:93
1963:89
1947:86
1920:83
1894:72
1828:65
1766:60
1715:55
1659:50
1648:45
1618:40
1564:35
1534:C8
1521:C8
1512:32
1479:C7
1473:C7
1462:28
1437:C6
1431:25
1399:C5
1369:23
1337:C4
1321:21
1296:C3
1290:19
1265:C2
1222:C1
825:Ma
766:.
750:,
744:,
738:,
700:,
693:.
670:,
666:,
662:,
658:,
654:,
650:,
576:,
555:.
551:,
504:,
488::
302:,
254:,
250:,
192:,
178:,
174:,
107:Pg
51:Ma
37::
4352::
3279:)
3275:(
3271:)
3267:(
3015:)
3011:(
2788:-
2784:-
1934:/
1732:2
1391:1
1218:2
1106:3
1073:3
972:3
948:1
484:(
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:ęž’
46:~
41:-
23:.
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