Commonwealth of Independent States

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1994 (Протокол о внесении изменений и дополнений в Соглашение о создании зоны свободной торговли от 15 апреля 1994 года). Turkmenistan did not participate. The Protocol entered into force on 24 November 1999 for those countries that had completed ratification. As of 2023, the Protocol has entered into force for all countries, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine, except Russia, which remains a signatory but has not notified entry into force or provisional application. According to the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, no one has ceased participation in the Protocol or suspended the application, while one reservation was made by Azerbaijan on non-application in relation to Armenia and two specific opinions were expressed by Georgia and Ukraine.

4075: 4282:(CAC). The organisation continued in 1994 as the Central Asian Economic Union (CAEU), in which Tajikistan and Turkmenistan did not participate. In 1998 it became the Central Asian Economic Cooperation (CAEC), which marked the return of Tajikistan. On 28 February 2002, it was renamed to its current name. Russia joined on 28 May 2004. On 7 October 2005, it was decided between the member states that Uzbekistan will join the Eurasian Economic Community and that the organisations will merge. The organisations joined on 25 January 2006. It is not clear what will happen to the status of current CACO observers that are not observers to EurAsEC ( 4037: 1471: 4053: 4025: 8956: 3071:

restrictions on the import and export of goods in mutual trade of the FTA participating states, established a procedure for dispute resolution, etc. The 1999 version refers to the principles of the World Trade Organisation, envisages cooperation in economic policy, payments, customs cooperation, taxes, science, provides for a ratchet effect prohibiting the imposition of new tariffs and restrictions, provides for treatment no worse than that of any third country, and provides for the transit of goods on the basis of the principle of freedom of transit without discrimination.

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Under the 1994 version, the free trade regime enters into force when conditions are met, but, for example, the freedom of transit enters into force immediately between participants. According to the text, transit transportation should not be subject to unreasonable delays or restrictions, and the conditions of transit, including tariffs for transportation by any mode of transport and the provision of services, should not be worse than for domestic shippers, recipients, and owners of goods, as well as no worse than the conditions for any third country.

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Petersburg. Initially, the treaty was only ratified by Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine, However, by the end of 2012, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Moldova had also completed ratification. In December 2013, Uzbekistan, signed and then ratified the treaty, while the remaining two signatories, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan later both ratified the treaty in January 2014 and December 2015 respectively.

1726:) was adopted. The charter formalized the concept of membership: a member country is defined as a country that ratifies the CIS Charter (sec. 2, art. 7). Additional members can join with the consent of all current members. Parties that ratified the Creation Agreement before the adoption of the Charter are considered to be "Founding states", but not members. 1623:

amendments to existing legislation. More than 130 documents have been adopted that ensure the convergence of laws in the CIS at the level of national legislation. The Assembly is actively involved in the development of integration processes in the CIS and also sends observers to the national elections. The Assembly held its 32nd Plenary meeting in

2494:, but lacking the strong implementation mechanisms of the latter. In the CIS treaty, the Human Rights Commission has very vaguely defined authority. The Statute of the Human Rights Commission, however, also adopted by the CIS Member States as a decision, gives the commission the right to receive inter-state as well as individual communications. 3054:

Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine, while Russia and Turkmenistan have notified the application of the Agreement on a provisional basis. According to the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, no one has ceased participation in the Agreement, made reservations or suspended the application.

2096:, stated the country will withdraw from the agreement establishing the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly; he argued that being in the CIS "did not protect the Republic of Moldova from energy blackmail in the middle of winter, from threats and official statements hostile to the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Moldova". 1429:(Alma-Ata) Protocol would be considered to be founding states of the CIS, with only those countries ratifying the Charter being considered to be member states of the CIS (art. 7). Other states can participate as associate members or observers if accepted as such by a decision of the Council of Heads of State to the CIS (art. 8). 1607: 5845:, "Ukraine does not recognize the legal personality of this organization, we are not members of the CIS Economic Court, we did not ratify the CIS Statute, thus, we cannot be considered a member of this organisation from an international legal point of view. Ukraine is a country-participant, but not a member country." 2330:

intends to review its participation in all CIS agreements and only continue in those that are in its interests. On 3 May 2023 Ukraine formally withdrew from the 1992 agreement that set up the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly. In 2023 and 2024 Ukraine also withdrew from a number of agreements including the 2001

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The CIS has also been a relevant forum to support cultural relations between former Soviet republics. In 2006, the Council of the Heads of Governments of the CIS launched the Intergovernmental Foundation for Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Cooperation (IFESCCO). IFESSCO has substantially relied

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As of 1 June 2018, the CIS secretariat had not received formal notice from Ukraine of its withdrawal from the CIS, a process that would take one year to complete, following notice being given. The CIS secretariat stated that it will continue inviting Ukraine to participate. Ukraine has stated that it

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in February 2014, relations between Ukraine and Russia deteriorated, leading Ukraine to consider ending its participation in the CIS. As Ukraine never ratified the Charter, it could cease its informal participation in the CIS. However, to fully terminate its relationship with the CIS, it would need

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Since its inception, one of the primary goals of the CIS has been to provide a forum for discussing issues related to the social and economic development of the newly independent states. To achieve this goal member states have agreed to promote and protect human rights. Initially, efforts to achieve

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Two states, Ukraine and Turkmenistan ratified the CIS Creation Agreement before the adoption of the CIS Charter in January 1993, making them "founding states of the CIS", but did not ratify the Charter itself that would make them full members. These states, while not being formal members of the CIS,

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The Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 21 December 1991. The information from the depository of the international agreement published on the Unified Register of Legal Acts and Other Documents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (under the

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in 1991, and is its legal successor. It covers an area of 20,368,759 km (7,864,422 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. The CIS encourages cooperation in economic, political, and military affairs and has certain powers relating to the coordination of trade, finance,

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On 2 April 1999, in Moscow, the presidents of 11 countries, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine signed a Protocol on Amendments and Additions to the Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area of 15 April

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Bilateral FTAs concluded on the basis of CIS 1994 as a framework agreement. According to the analytical material of the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the 1994 version has not yet provided for multilateral free trade, but the conclusion of many bilateral agreements.

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and acts as the consultative parliamentary wing of the CIS, created to discuss problems of parliamentary cooperation, review draft documents of common interest, and pass model laws to the national legislatures in the CIS (as well as recommendations) for their use in the preparation of new laws and

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The free trade agreement eliminates export and import duties on several goods but also contains a number of exemptions that will ultimately be phased out. An agreement was also signed on the basic principles of currency regulation and currency controls in the CIS at the same October 2011 meeting.

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says the 1994 Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area signed by 12 CIS countries still continues to be used by Azerbaijan and Georgia in trade with other CIS countries except with Russia and Turkmenistan. Reportedly it is also used bilaterally between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan pending

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One of the CST's original objectives was to resolve conflicts between CIS members, however military conflicts such as Russia's open assistance and support to the two secessionist areas in Georgia, Russia seizing Crimea and support to secessionist areas in Ukraine, the conflict between Armenia and

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In May 1992, six post-Soviet states belonging to the CIS signed the Collective Security Treaty (also referred to as the Tashkent Pact or Tashkent Treaty). Three other post-Soviet states signed in 1993 and the treaty took effect in 1994 and lasted 5 years. When the treaty was subsequently renewed,

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Turkmenistan changed its CIS standing to associate member as of 26 August 2005. The cited reason was to be consistent with its 1995-proclaimed, UN-recognised, international neutrality status, but experts have cited the country no longer needing Russia to provide natural gas access, as well as the

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On 30 November 2022, Popescu stated that Moldova will suspend its participation in CIS meetings, and on 23 February 2023 stated that Moldova has started withdrawing from multiple treaties that the country had signed with the CIS, as his country aims to join the European Union. On 15 May 2023, the

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On 22 January 1993, the Charter (Statutes) of the CIS was signed, setting up the different institutions of the CIS, their functions, and the rules and statutes of the CIS. The Charter also defined that all countries that have ratified the Agreement on the Establishment of the CIS and its relevant

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The CIS announced that the new organization would be open to all republics of the former Soviet Union and to other nations sharing the same goals. The CIS charter stated that all the members were sovereign and independent nations and thereby effectively abolished the Soviet Union. On 21 December

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In 2009, a new agreement was begun to create an FTA, the CIS Free Trade Agreement (CISFTA). In October 2011, the new free trade agreement was signed by eight of the eleven CIS prime ministers; Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Ukraine at a meeting in St.

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on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area (Соглашение о создании зоны свободной торговли). The Agreement entered into force on 30 December 1994 for those countries that had completed ratification. As of 2023, the Agreement is fully in force for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan,

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has resulted in a steady decline in the modest progress of previous years in Russia. In turn, this has led to little to no scrutiny by Russia when it comes to the situation of human rights in other CIS member states. The Commonwealth of Independent States continues to face serious challenges in

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On 15 April 1994, at a meeting of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Council of Heads of State in Moscow, the presidents of 12 countries, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine signed an

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As part of the process to severing connections with the CIS, in July 2023 Moldova passed a law on denunciation of the agreement on Moldova's membership in the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS countries. 70 agreements were denounced by October 2023, from the total of around 282 signed by

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that Georgia would leave the CIS and the Georgian Parliament voted unanimously on 14 August 2008 to withdraw from the regional organization. On 18 August 2008 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia sent a note to the CIS Executive Committee notifying it of the aforesaid resolutions of the

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According to the analytical material of the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the 1999 Protocol replaced the existing bilateral free trade regime with a multilateral regime, eliminated all fees, as well as taxes and levies with equivalent effect, and quantitative

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The Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 8 December 1991. The information from the depository of the international agreement published on the Unified Register of Legal Acts and Other Documents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (under the executive

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GOST standards were originally developed by the government of the Soviet Union as part of its national standardization strategy. After the disintegration of the USSR, the GOST standards acquired a new status of the regional standards. They are now administered by the Euro-Asian Council for

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was becoming a more competent organization to unify the largest countries of the CIS. Following the withdrawal of Georgia, the presidents of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan skipped the October 2009 meeting of the CIS, each having their own issues and disagreements with the Russian

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In February 2006, Georgia withdrew from the Council of Defense Ministers, with the statement that "Georgia has taken a course to join NATO and it cannot be part of two military structures simultaneously", but it remained a full member of the CIS until August 2009, one year after officially

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and became member states of it. Nevertheless, Ukraine and Turkmenistan kept participating in the CIS, without being member states of it. Turkmenistan became an associate member of the CIS in August 2005. Georgia left the CIS altogether in 2009 and Ukraine stopped participating in 2018.

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as "well-organized, free, and fair", as large-scale and often violent demonstrations broke out throughout the country protesting what the opposition called a rigged parliamentary election. In contrast, the OSCE reported that the elections fell short of international standards in many

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The terms of the CIS FTA agreements allow member states to enter into the FTA agreements with other countries, as well as to join/create custom unions. Like other Commonwealth of Independent States agreements, this agreement does not regulate relations with third countries and allows

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The 2011 CIS FTA Treaty envisages that the 1994 agreement and the 1999 protocol no longer apply among its eight participants (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Armenia, and Moldova), however, among the rest of the countries, they continue to be applied.

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to the Soviet Union. Thus it has never been a full member of the CIS. However, Ukraine had kept participating in the CIS, with the consent of the Council of Heads of States, even though it was not a member. Ukraine has never applied for, or been granted, Associate member status.

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A country can become an associate member under the CIS Charter (sec. 2, art. 8) if approved by the Council of Heads of States. Participation of associate members and of the observers in the work of the Commonwealth organs shall be governed by their rules of procedures.

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in Georgia, Georgia officially withdrew from the Council of Defense Ministers in February 2006, stating that "Georgia has taken a course to join NATO and it cannot be part of two military structures simultaneously". However, it remained a full member of the CIS.

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The CIS praised the Uzbekistan parliamentary elections, 2005 as "legitimate, free and transparent" while the OSCE had referred to the Uzbek elections as having fallen "significantly short of OSCE commitments and other international standards for democratic

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was signed by the heads of a number of CIS states. Its aim was the forming of conditions of stable development of economies of Contracting Parties to benefit from increases in living standards of their population. This led to other specific agreements.

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In December 1993, the CIS Armed Forces Headquarters was abolished. Instead, "the CIS Council of Defence Ministers created a CIS Military Cooperation Coordination Headquarters (MCCH) in Moscow, with 50 percent of the funding provided by Russia." General

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to legally withdraw from the Creation Agreement, as Georgia did previously. On 14 March 2014, a bill was introduced to Ukraine's parliament to denounce their ratification of the CIS Creation Agreement, but it was never approved. Following the

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were allowed to participate in CIS. They were also allowed to participate in various CIS initiatives, e.g. the Free Trade Area, which were, however, formulated mostly as independent multilateral agreements, and not as internal CIS agreements.

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was a significant blow against the project: Yushchenko had shown renewed interest in Ukrainian membership in the European Union and such membership would be incompatible with the envisioned common economic space. Yushchenko's successor

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CIS observers monitored the Tajikistan parliamentary elections, in 2005 and in the end declared them "legal, free and transparent." The same elections were pronounced by the OSCE to have failed international standards for democratic

4199:, and would not be subordinate to the governments of the four nations. The ultimate goal would be a regional organization that would be open for other countries to join as well, and could eventually lead even to a single currency. 4095: 1529: 1488: 8021: 3035: 2297:

Although Ukraine was one of the states which ratified the Creation Agreement in December 1991, making it a Founding State of the CIS, it chose not to ratify the CIS Charter as it disagrees with Russia being the only legal

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Note: The territories of the Crimean peninsula, comprising Sevastopol City and the Republic of Crimea, remained internationally recognised as constituting part of Ukraine, following their annexation by Russia in March

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Agreement between the State Parties of the Commonwealth of Independent States on social and legal guarantees of the military personnel, persons discharged from military service, and members of their families

2069:), legislative initiatives to denounce the agreement on the creation of CIS were tabled in Moldova's parliament on 25 March 2014, though they were not approved. A similar bill was proposed in January 2018. 7342: 3195:(OSCE) found no significant problems. This was the first time that the CIS observation teams challenged the validity of an election, saying that it should be considered illegitimate. On 15 March 2005, the 1610:

eventually ratified by nine parliaments, the only CIS member not signing was Georgia. Under the terms of the convention, the InterParliamentary Assembly (IPA) was invested with international legitimacy.

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Alexander Yakovenko, the Spokesman of Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Answers a Russian Media Question Regarding International Observers' Conclusions on Election Results in Ukraine and Uzbekistan

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On 8 June 2023 in Sochi Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan signed an Agreement on Free Trade in Services, Establishment, Operations, and Investment.

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Ukraine withdrew its representatives from the CIS in May 2018 and stopped actively participating in the CIS, but remained a party to a number of agreements, such as the free trade area.

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Parliament of Georgia and Georgia's withdrawal from CIS. In accordance with the CIS Charter (sec. 1, art. 9), Georgia's withdrawal came into effect 12 months later, on 18 August 2009.

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which can either be interpreted as expanding the CIS to these states or the proper foundation or foundation date of the CIS, thus bringing the number of participating countries to 11.

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on Russia's financial support since its creation and supported several multilateral cultural events, including the ‘CIS Capital of Culture’ initiative. In 2017, the Armenian city of

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Turkmenistan has not ratified the Charter and therefore is not formally a member of the CIS. Nevertheless, it has consistently participated in the CIS as if it were a member state.

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this goal consisted merely of statements of goodwill, but on 26 May 1995, the CIS adopted a Commonwealth of Independent States Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

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in Uzbekistan to show that there has been almost no improvement in human rights since the collapse of the Soviet Union in Central Asia. The consolidation of power by President

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confirmed Ukraine will continue taking part in the CIS "on a selective basis". Since that month, Ukraine has had no representatives in the CIS Executive Committee building.

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stated on 27 April 2010 "Ukraine's entry into the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan is not possible today, since the economic principles and the laws of the

6782:"FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN, ARMENIA, BELARUS, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, KAZAKHSTAN, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, UKRAINE, UZBEKISTAN, TAJIKISTAN AND THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC" 6669:"Free Trade Agreement Between Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, The Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan And The Kyrgyz Republic" 5595:"FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN, ARMENIA, BELARUS, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, KAZAKHSTAN, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, UKRAINE, UZBEKISTAN, TAJIKISTAN AND THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC" 11240: 8879: 7510: 6190: 4036: 7211: 1168: 6060: 4124: 7164: 6966: 6008: 8554: 8016: 7791: 7346: 4333: 2065:

In light of Russia's support for the independence of occupied regions within Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine as well as its violation of the Istanbul Agreement (see

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indicated that Ukraine would formally leave the CIS. On 19 May 2018, Poroshenko signed a decree formally ending Ukraine's participation in CIS statutory bodies.

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quoted Dmytro Svystkov (a spokesman of the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry) that Ukraine had suspended its participation in the CIS election monitoring organization.

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An important manifestation of integration processes in the area of military and defence collaboration of the CIS member states is the creation, in 1995, of the

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Ukraine did not apply to become an Associate member, nor was it granted by the Council of Heads of States, accordingly Ukraine remained just a Founding state.

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joined two years later, in December 1993. At this point, 12 of the 15 former Soviet Republics participated in the CIS, the three non-participants being the

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After the end of the dissolution process of the Soviet Union, Russia and the Central Asian republics were weakened economically and faced declines in

11437: 7608: 7237: 4641: 4086: 5765: 4728: 1412:. The process of Eurasian integration began immediately after the break-up of the Soviet Union to salvage economic ties with Post-Soviet republics. 11963: 9979: 9913: 8669: 8494: 8351: 7676: 6332:, press conference of the Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov after the meeting of the CIS Council of Foreign Ministers, Bishkek, 9 October 2008 5400: 308: 17: 3166:

Convention on the Standards of Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights, and Freedoms in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States

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formally ended its participation in CIS statutory bodies in 2018, although it had stopped participating in the organization in 2014 following the

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In 2017, a festival for national sports and games, known as the Festival of National Sports and Games of the Commonwealth of Independent States (

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Interfax, 22 December 1993, via Zbigniew Brzezinski, Paige Sullivan, 'Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States' CSIS, 1997, p.464 via

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CIS election monitoring has been characterized by scholars as low-quality, as the CIS tends to validate elections that are obviously flawed.

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Azerbaijan, and Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan border issues have demonstrated how ineffective the CST and later the CSTO, is in this role.

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on 8 December 1991, declaring that the Union had effectively ceased to exist and proclaimed the CIS in its place. On 21 December, the

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Content is copied from this source, which is (c) European Union, 1995–2018. Reuse is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged.

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Standardization, Metrology, and Certification (EASC), a standards organization chartered by the Commonwealth of Independent States.

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Agreement on the Creation of the Interstate System of Documentary Encrypted Communications of the Commonwealth of Independent States

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formally dissolved the Soviet Union. This was followed by Ivan Korotchenya becoming Executive Secretary of the CIS on the same day.

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Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev proposed that CIS members take up a digitization agenda to modernize CIS economies.

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The Creation Agreement remained the main constituent document of the CIS until January 1993, when the CIS Charter (Russian:

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body that was formed in October 2002, following a Commonwealth of Independent States heads of states meeting which adopted the

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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) agreement on cooperation in the provision of safety of hazardous industrial facilities

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by the Soviet Union. The CIS and Soviet Union also legally co-existed briefly with each other until 26 December 1991, when the

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receive official status in all of the CIS member states. So far Russian is an official language in only four states: Russia,

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had said the country would not leave for the time being. An August 2021 poll conducted in Moldova (prior to the start of

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had been invited to or qualified for various 1992 sports events. A joint CIS team took its place in some of these. The "

3210:, an action Russia criticised. Many dozens of such observers from Belarus and Russia were stopped from reaching Moldova. 11560: 11555: 11275: 11223: 10610: 10366: 9989: 9762: 8694: 7536: 6745: 6314: 4875: 4103: 2548:, which is vested with the task of coordinating military cooperation of the CIS member states who wish to participate. 1209: 7281: 6947: 3179:

The election monitoring body has approved many elections which have been heavily criticised by independent observers.

11812: 11763: 11696: 11507: 11235: 10837: 10741: 10615: 10135: 10056: 9984: 9974: 9954: 9484: 8888: 8836: 8831: 8664: 8529: 8414: 6462: 5813: 5775: 5742: 5702: 5564: 5480:"R. Moldova a inițiat procedura de retragere din Adunarea Interparlamentară a CSI, anunță președintele Parlamentului" 4844: 2501:, continue to have among the world's poorest human rights records. Many activists point to examples such as the 2005 302: 288: 128: 7063: 4102: 4084: 2293:

Representatives of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and other states at the 20–22 June 2000 CIS Summit in Moscow

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Ukraine did participate in the CIS and became an associate member of the CIS Economic Union in 1994, and signed the

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said the Moldovan government was considering the prospect of leaving the CIS, although at the end of May President

6836: 6531: 6361: 5913: 2269:

Founding state. Signatory of both the Belovezha Accords and the Alma-Ata Protocol. Has never been a full member.

11847: 11835: 11691: 11676: 11590: 11492: 11074: 10894: 10688: 10571: 10422: 10361: 9933: 9928: 9898: 9500: 8704: 8624: 8424: 8337: 8131: 8116: 7939: 7222: 7110: 6918: 6893: 6874: 5422: 5396: 4428: 4091: 3331: 1390: 1027: 6492: 4179:, agreement in principle about the creation of this space was announced after a meeting in the Moscow suburb of 3237:

uncovered a number of problems in relation to a new electorate law approved just prior to the elections and the

3135:

Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement on Free Trade in Services, Establishment, Operations and Investment

102: 11788: 11768: 11465: 11079: 10904: 10832: 10432: 8778: 8489: 4965: 4110:

showing the relationships among various supranational organisations in the territory of the former Soviet Union

3230: 2552:

three countries withdrew, leaving Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan as members.

1507: 395: 66: 6985: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4083: 11859: 11686: 11550: 11502: 11263: 11057: 10931: 10914: 10693: 10442: 10066: 9694: 8841: 8699: 8047: 7137: 6913: 6281: 6029:

Yatsenyuk says Ukraine will drop Commonwealth of Independent States criminal search database system on Aug 24

5669: 5533: 3334:

for 1991–1992 was rebranded as a CIS championship, this lasted just one year before it became Russian bandy.

936: 6108: 4225:

do not allow it, we develop our policy following WTO principles". Ukraine has been a WTO member since 2008.

4080: 11455: 11130: 11025: 10826: 10734: 10678: 10542: 10532: 10371: 10015: 9813: 9757: 9689: 9512: 9477: 8569: 8564: 8539: 8419: 8081: 7990: 7934: 7234: 6514: 6250: 5363:"Proiectul hotărîrii cu privire la denunțarea Acordului de constituire a Comunității Statelor Independente" 5303:"Proiectul hotărîrii cu privire la denunțarea Acordului de constituire a Comunității Statelor Independente" 4597: 4453: 3299: 2564: 2560:

was appointed as Chief of Staff. The headquarters has now moved to 101000, Москва, Сверчков переулок, 3/2.

2531: 1446: 1244: 926: 335: 7601: 7311: 4633: 11928: 11736: 11718: 11484: 11342: 11303: 11270: 10960: 10948: 10864: 10766: 10663: 10437: 10103: 9856: 9752: 9699: 8071: 6218: 5594: 4139: 4097: 3226: 2590: 1667: 1608:

Convention on the Interparliamentary Assembly of Member Nations of the Commonwealth of Independent States

1599: 1582: 1317:

in Belarus, and signed the "Agreement Establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States", known as the

1158: 1087: 590: 576: 7282:"Виды спорта – I Фестиваль национальных видов спорта и игр государств – участников СНГ – Ульяновск 2017" 6837:

CIS Free Trade Agreement comes into force; Baker & McKenzi, Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, 18 October 2012

6341: 5392: 4101: 3241:

criticised the conduct of the elections, saying they "did not meet standards for openness and fairness".

2281:

Has not formally withdrawn from the Creation Agreement, thus it continues to be recognised as a founder.

2181:

country's declining faith in the confederation's ability to maintain internal stability in light of the

2103:

In December 2023, Moldova announced its intention to withdraw from the CIS entirely by the end of 2024.

11731: 11708: 11681: 10296: 10145: 9742: 8589: 8076: 7949: 4934: 4279: 3327: 3311: 3078: 3019: 911: 6603: 5944:"Проект Постанови про припинення членства та участі України в органах Співдружності Незалежних Держав" 11773: 11746: 11649: 9949: 9730: 9613: 8579: 8444: 8399: 8175: 7089: 5506:"PARLIAMENT ADOPTS IN FINAL READING LAW ON MOLDOVA'S WITHDRAWAL FROM CIS INTERPARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY" 4729:"Ministrul de Externe: Republica Moldova și-a SUSPENDAT participarea la reuniunile periodice ale CSI" 4099: 4092: 4090: 4082: 11741: 8160: 3343:Фестиваль национальных видов спорта и игр государств — участников Содружества Независимых Государств 2994: 11854: 10155: 9877: 9792: 9436: 8654: 8559: 4619: 4081: 3425: 6463:"Информация о Совете министров обороны государств – участников Содружества Независимых Государств" 6404:"Russia and the West: The 21st Century Security Environment (Eurasia in the 21st Century, Vol. I)" 4093: 3168:. The CIS-EMO has been sending election observers to member countries of the CIS since this time. 11933: 11103: 10658: 10584: 10388: 10176: 10061: 9772: 8824: 8796: 8534: 8479: 8096: 7245: 7212:

Interview: Top U.S. Diplomat Discusses Regional Developments, Abuses, Stalemates, And Cooperation

6083:"Poroshenko signs decree on final termination of Ukraine's participation in CIS statutory bodies" 5692: 4990: 4481: 4438: 4158: 4098: 4043: 1955:

Active participation in CIS ceased in November 2022. Plans to fully withdraw by the end of 2024.

1716: 1635:

Between 2003 and 2005, three CIS member states experienced a change of government in a series of

1394: 1331: 1114: 1106: 785: 719: 55: 31: 10537: 6781: 1293:, many republics of the USSR declared their independence fearing another coup. A week after the 1121:. While the first and the second are military and economic alliances, the third aims to reach a 11783: 11375: 11313: 10625: 8519: 8409: 6135:"Kyrgyz envoy: CIS to consider Ukraine's withdrawal as soon as Kyiv files official application" 3323: 2985: 751: 713: 10527: 4839:

Plokhy, Serhii, The Last Empire: The final days of the Soviet Union, Oneworld, London (2014),

4515: 11902: 10874: 10708: 10620: 10579: 10393: 10289: 10246: 10150: 9832: 8689: 8644: 8360: 8306: 8246: 7343:"Russia's Cultural Diplomacy in the South Caucasus: Instruments, Assets and Challenges Ahead" 6552: 5973: 5943: 5803: 4590:"Commonwealth of Independent States – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus" 2089: 1310: 1019: 5159: 3082:

Tajikistan's ratification of Uzbekistan's accession to the 2011 CIS Free Trade Area Treaty.

3029: 11664: 11527: 11347: 11145: 10859: 10556: 10231: 9623: 9441: 9282: 8735: 8719: 8234: 8168: 7661: 6546:"Petro Jacyk Program – Centre for Russian and East European Studies, University of Toronto" 3307: 3303: 3238: 3000: 178: 11751: 8857: 3061: 8: 11891: 11620: 11425: 11354: 11162: 11011: 10889: 10811: 10784: 10673: 10652: 10646: 10226: 9903: 9787: 9782: 8806: 8714: 8454: 7640: 7415: 7393: 6675: 4797: 4786: 4511: 4184: 3350: 3161: 2437: 2307: 1675: 1640: 1225: 1193: 1122: 895: 186: 9965:

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)

6358:"Commonwealth of Independent States Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms" 6282:

Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia on Georgia's withdrawal from CIS

2336:

CIS agreement on cooperation in evacuating nationals from third countries in emergencies

11758: 11669: 10986: 10899: 10789: 10779: 10683: 10566: 8771: 8756: 8318: 6423: 4694:"There is no "debt" of Ukraine to the CIS — the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine" 4448: 4069: 3378: 3283: 3023: 2536: 2445: 2427: 1683: 1656: 1405: 1197: 1075: 869: 7371: 7002: 6233: 3036:

Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area

11866: 11806: 11585: 11371: 11067: 10869: 10854: 10796: 10668: 10010: 9777: 9737: 9530: 8649: 8509: 7913: 7737: 7727: 7709: 7703: 7188: 7035: 7003:"Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств" 6799:"Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств" 6798: 6768:"Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств" 6701:"Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств" 6700: 5974:"Проект Закону про зупинення дії Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав" 5809: 5771: 5730: 5698: 5069:"Eastern Partnership – EEAS – European External Action Service – European Commission" 4856: 4840: 4527: 4283: 4218: 4209: 3234: 3188: 3130: 2396: 2182: 1644: 1636: 1565: 1382: 1378: 1236: 1142: 1094:

voiced its intention to progressively withdraw from the CIS institutional framework.

1071: 1055: 1051: 841: 829: 623: 609: 228: 164: 10030: 8709: 7456: 7257: 5641: 1674:

In May 2009, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine joined the

10346: 9767: 9720: 9646: 9469: 9456: 9451: 9446: 8639: 8121: 7480: 7025: 6415: 6204: 6191:"Ukraine's parliament withdraws from agreement on CIS Inter-Parliamentary Assembly" 6138: 4472: 3429: 3338: 3251: 3153: 3104: 2502: 2323: 2315:, a new bill to denounce the CIS agreement was introduced. In September 2015, the 1988:

Founding state. Signatory of both the Belovezha Accords and the Alma-Ata Protocol.

1850:

Founding state. Signatory of both the Belovezha Accords and the Alma-Ata Protocol.

1624: 1322: 1318: 1298: 1248: 1189: 1181: 1173: 1150: 1039: 876: 835: 385: 236: 6165:"Executive Committee Chairman: CIS states interested in keeping Ukraine as member" 4664:"Ukraine Announces Plans To Quit CIS, Terminate Parts Of Russia Friendship Treaty" 4063: 3191:

and brought into power the former opposition, was questioned by the CIS while the

2167:

Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol. Has never been a full member.

11778: 10991: 10943: 10849: 10561: 10522: 10383: 9747: 9673: 9661: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8584: 8222: 7463: 7264: 7241: 7218: 7199: 7195: 7117: 6989: 6970: 6951: 6900: 6881: 6862: 6843: 6655:"For Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia Free Trade with Europe and Russia is Possible" 6389: 6318: 6288: 6257: 6035: 6012: 5842: 5835: 5648: 5285: 5193: 5022: 4895: 4443: 4380: 4346: 4305: 3004: 2995:

Supranational integration initiatives, trade, and economic cooperation within CIS

2557: 2299: 847: 214: 200: 7569: 6269: 5015: 3322:

played some friendlies in January 1992 and made its last appearance at the 1992

2344:

Agreement on the Establishment of the Council of Commanders of the Border Troops

11798: 11726: 11006: 10996: 10703: 10698: 10262: 10201: 10186: 10082: 10025: 10020: 9666: 9608: 9603: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9525: 9321: 8599: 8544: 8449: 8389: 8294: 8282: 8106: 7030: 7017: 5977: 5947: 4236:

had been envisioned for 2012, but instead the customs union was renamed as the

4204: 3397: 3393: 3366: 3315: 3096: 2506: 2289: 2194: 2084:) found that 48.1% of respondents supported Moldova's withdrawal from the CIS. 1679: 1615: 1420: 1314: 1185: 1146: 264: 250: 8435:

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

7440: 6654: 5914:"Draft documents on Ukraine's withdrawal from CIS submitted to Verkhovna Rada" 5160:"Сведения о ратификации документов, принятых в рамках СНГ в 1991 – 2014 годах" 11917: 11659: 10713: 10547: 9851: 9656: 9650: 8764: 8514: 8374: 8258: 7058: 7039: 6767: 5625: 5505: 4863: 4810: 4413: 4394: 4366: 4313: 4233: 4164: 4107: 3358: 3124: 3117:

is the only full CIS member state not to participate in the free trade area.

3085: 2197:

never ratified the agreement on membership of the CIS in accordance with the

1702: 1619: 1409: 1386: 1306: 1047: 863: 823: 7086:"Foreign observers differ in their evaluation of the election in Uzbekistan" 6753: 6308: 6109:"CIS Executive Secretary hopes Ukraine will remain member nation of the CIS" 2595:

Corruption and bureaucracy are serious problems for trade in CIS countries.

2540:

The members of the Council of Ministers of Defense meeting in Moscow in 2017

11542: 11363: 10757: 10427: 10324: 10312: 9598: 9316: 9243: 8404: 8301: 8210: 8111: 7876: 7786: 7289: 6944: 6441: 6219:"Ukraine pulls out of CIS deal on cooperation between border troops chiefs" 5252: 4564:"Russia's Federation Council ratifies annexation of four Ukrainian regions" 4433: 4327: 4317: 4271: 4180: 3370: 3267: 2498: 2146: 2073: 1648: 1366: 1240: 1205: 1154: 1043: 1031: 1000: 857: 552: 8440:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty

8053:

GOST (Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification)

6728: 6466: 5888:"Результати пошуку законопроектiв, зареєстрованих Верховною Радою України" 4167:

between the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries of Russia,

1285:

executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States) as of 2024.

11405: 11367: 11359: 10981: 10965: 10879: 10821: 10476: 10221: 10216: 9970:

Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)

9872: 9638: 9618: 9593: 9572: 9567: 9561: 9431: 8609: 8384: 8329: 8101: 7959: 7867: 7807: 7715: 7053: 6578:"Nazarbayev proposes CIS modernisation, meets EUAU counterparts in Sochi" 5836:

September 2008 Statement by Foreign Minister of Ukraine Volodymyr Ohryzko

4758:"Moldova looking into quitting CIS amid Russia-Ukraine war – foreign min" 4408: 4352: 4249: 3464: 3030:

1994 Framework for Bilateral Free Trade Agreements and Freedom of Transit

2449: 2198: 1663: 1433: 1432:

All the founding states apart from Ukraine and Turkmenistan ratified the

1232: 1118: 636: 7907:

Former "participant" that renounced 1991 agreements and 1993 Charter (1)

6427: 6403: 5225: 4888: 4374: 11395: 10191: 9628: 9577: 9540: 9535: 9358: 9126: 9065: 9052: 9013: 9000: 8313: 8289: 8270: 8253: 8241: 8205: 7856: 7851: 7836: 7831: 7821: 7796: 7781: 7766: 7761: 7751: 7018:"Zombies ahead: Explaining the rise of low-quality election monitoring" 5921: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4196: 4176: 3374: 3354: 3263: 3259: 3114: 3062:

1999 Protocol introducing a multilateral free trade among ten countries

2093: 2077: 2034: 2001: 1898: 1864: 1797: 1603: 1548: 1374: 1370: 1358: 1354: 1350: 528: 515: 475: 462: 436: 10726: 6633: 5547: 5016:

Russia questions further existence of the CIS post-soviet organisation

11615: 11610: 11432: 11325: 11155: 10816: 10466: 10329: 9256: 8500:

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

8190: 7467: 7268: 6419: 6039: 5860: 5426: 5289: 5248:"Russia Erecting Monument to 'Little Green Men' Who Took Over Crimea" 4523: 3346: 1067: 4961: 3282:, President Yanukovych stated "Ukraine will continue to promote the 44: 11605: 11150: 10884: 10844: 9918: 9191: 9152: 9089: 9026: 8594: 6982: 5628:, CIS Executive Committee meeting in Kazan, Russia, 26 August 2005 4309: 3506: 3472: 3447: 3271: 3266:. Russian is also considered an official language in the region of 2465: 7886:

1991 agreements parties that do not participate in the summits (2)

7129: 6823: 5661: 5565:"Ukraine's withdrawal from CIS to take one year – Vestnik Kavkaza" 5393:"Moldova Says It Would Leave CIS Only After Becoming EU Candidate" 3413:

was declared the CIS Cultural Capital of the year, in 2022 it was

2577:

In 2007, CSTO members agreed to create a CSTO peacekeeping force.

1035:

lawmaking, and security, including cross-border crime prevention.

11497: 11001: 10512: 10471: 9345: 9204: 9139: 9113: 8948: 8265: 8229: 8217: 7897: 7892: 7841: 7826: 7816: 7771: 7756: 7746: 7575:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 6488: 6112: 4418: 4172: 4168: 3414: 3386: 3362: 3275: 3255: 2470: 2453: 2250: 1932: 1830: 1764: 1519: 1478: 1470: 1362: 1346: 1130: 1091: 1079: 1059: 1023: 918: 488: 449: 423: 4293: 3389:. A few demonstration sports were also a part of the programme. 3294:

At the time of the Soviet Union's dissolution in December 1991,

3040: 1686:

of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine.

1276:

committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States) as of 2024.

10281: 9384: 9269: 9178: 9039: 8277: 7846: 7776: 7319: 7016:

Bush, Sarah Sunn; Cottiero, Christina; Prather, Lauren (2024).

5279:

In Moldova propose to denounce the agreement on creation of CIS

4959: 4287: 4188: 4183:

on 23 February 2003. The Common Economic Space would involve a

4064:

Post-Soviet organisations and initiatives outside CIS framework

2487: 1968: 1682:(EU). The EaP framework governs the EU's relationship with the 1577: 1560: 1543: 1502: 1345:

1991, the leaders of eight additional former Soviet Republics (

1260: 1126: 1063: 914: 502: 364: 7441:"Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country" 6515:"The Collective Security Treaty Organization:A Brief Overview" 5548:"Moldova Plans to Fully Withdraw from Moscow-led Bloc by 2024" 5188:"Georgia calls on west to condemn Abkhazia treaty with Russia" 5039:"Russia Facing Resistance With Allies On CIS's Southern Flank" 11420: 11298: 10237:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

10206: 10171: 10140: 9959: 9410: 9298: 9230: 9217: 9165: 8974: 8961: 8429: 8394: 6056: 6016: 5808:. International Business Publications, USA. 7 February 2007. 3410: 3382: 2524:

United Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States

359: 7691: 7651: 5662:"Історія членства України в Співдружності Незалежних Держав" 5520:"Moldovan Authorities Denounce Another Seven CIS Agreements" 4254: 3206:

Moldovan authorities refused to invite CIS observers in the

1184:

social, cultural, and economic space has its origins in the

11532: 11308: 10236: 10141:

Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)

10087: 9923: 9397: 9371: 8987: 8887: 8846: 8684: 8604: 8439: 8052: 7481:"Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus plan on common economic space" 4192: 4147: 3396:

took place in Kazan with 9 nations and 2,000 athletes. The

2981: 7656: 4889:

Ratification status of CIS documents as of 15 January 2008

4324:

which aims to forge closer integration among the members.

3125:

2023 Agreement on Free Trade in Services among 7 countries

3100:

Stamp of 1991–2011, the Commonwealth of Independent States

3086:

2011 multilateral Free Trade Area Treaty among 9 countries

1101:. Three organizations originated from the CIS, namely the 11517: 11337: 10211: 9878:

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)

6234:"Georgia opts out of ex-Soviet military cooperation body" 4991:"Georgia opts out of ex-Soviet military cooperation body" 4222: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2261: 2256: 2156: 2151: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2016: 2011: 2006: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1451:

The work of CIS is coordinated by the General Secretary.

1401: 975: 971: 967: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 9980:

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

9914:

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)

8786: 8555:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

7657:

Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS (in Russian)

4334:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

4328:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

4240:

and expanded to include Armenia and Kyrgyzstan in 2015.

1313:

Natural Reserve, about 50 km (31 mi) north of

191: 10196: 8550:

Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America

7258:

Yanukovych: Ukraine will not have second state language

6532:"How to intervene symbolically: The CSTO in Kazakhstan" 6402:

Legvold, Robert; Arbatov, Alexei; Kaiser, Karl (2000).

5694:

Economic Interdependence in Ukrainian-Russian Relations

4622:

of each member state, the total area is 28 509 317 km².

4030:

Life expectancy at birth in countries of CIS since 1960

1097:

Eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the

9831: 7594: 4798:

https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/print/documentCard?ids=6

4787:

https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/print/documentCard?ids=1

4618:

Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the

2072:

On 14 June 2022, Moldovan Minister of Foreign Affairs

169: 7866:

Self-proclaimed "associate member" as defined in the

7646: 7130:"CIS Observers Outraged by Deportation of Colleagues" 5559: 5557: 5534:"Moldova, önümüzdeki yılın sonunda BDT'den ayrılacak" 5453:"Молдова виходить із десятків договорів у рамках СНД" 4486: 2452:

announced during a public speech in the capital city

1721: 1336: 1309:, when the leaders of the three republics met at the 988: 241: 10242:

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)

9499: 8620:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

7535:. Centralasia.foreignpolicyblogs.com. Archived from 6401: 4866:: 11 countries accede to the CIS, 21 December 1991 ( 4510: 4342: 4243: 3193:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

2570:

In 2002, the six member states agreed to create the

2054:

Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol.

1918:

Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol.

1885:

Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol.

219: 205: 7015: 5642:

Turkmenistan reduces CIS ties to "Associate Member"

4195:, would initially be headed by a representative of 1784:Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol 269: 255: 69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 10006:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 8802:Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program 8635:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 7602:"Eurasian economic integration: figures and facts" 7189:EU will not condemn the local elections in Ukraine 6964:Dushanbe ratifies agreement on CIS free trade area 6330:Georgia's CIS membership terminates in August 2009 5651:, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 29 August 2005. 5554: 5186: 3428:in the countries of CIS in 2021, according to the 3092:Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area 2209:Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area 2067:Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty 6983:Tajikistan ratifies CIS Free Trade Zone Agreement 2486:In 1991, four years before the 1995 human rights 11915: 11606:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 8670:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 8495:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States 6875:Kazakhstan ratified agreement on Free Trade zone 6383:"Democracy Deficit Grows in Former Soviet Union" 3183:The democratic nature of the final round of the 10227:India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA) 6746:"Соглашение о создании зоны свободной торговли" 6342:"Georgia Withdraws from Bloc", by Ellen Barry, 5626:Decision on Turkmenistan's associate membership 4884: 4882: 4811:"How three men signed the USSR's death warrant" 4230:Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia 4077: 1251:. The new treaty signing never happened as the 1133:with a common government, currency, and so on. 10172:Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS) 10052:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 9960:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 8395:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 6894:Armenia ratifies CIS free trade zone agreement 6856:Russia’s Duma ratifies Eurasian Economic Union 6346:, 18 August 2009. Retrieved on 22 August 2009. 6270:Georgian parliament votes to withdraw from CIS 6205:"Ukraine continues to denounce CIS agreements" 5856:"Bill introduced to withdraw Ukraine from CIS" 5735:"Ukraine withdraws all envoys from CIS bodies" 5423:"Poll: Over 70% Moldovans favor EU membership" 4520:The Territories of the Russian Federation 2020 1655:withdrawing in the immediate aftermath of the 1593: 1235:and a rising political crisis in the country, 674:20,368,759 km (7,864,422 sq mi) 10742: 10297: 9485: 8873: 8772: 8485:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 8345: 8176: 7677: 7443:. World Health Organization. 4 December 2022. 7366: 7364: 6053:"Ukraine to officially quit CIS – Poroshenko" 5154: 5152: 4424:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 4322:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 4300:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 4294:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 4119: 1709: 1606:. On 26 May 1995, the CIS leaders signed the 8092:Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union 7457:Yanukovych: Ukraine won't join Customs Union 7184: 7182: 5690: 4879: 4144:Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union 2510:meeting even basic international standards. 1202:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 8660:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 7981:Collective Security Treaty (1992-1999/2002) 7408: 6604:"GDP per capita (current US$ ) | Data" 5729: 4850: 4163:After a discussion about the creation of a 1705:of the Commonwealth of Independent States. 1678:(EaP), a project that was initiated by the 10749: 10735: 10304: 10290: 10182:Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries 9909:Central American Integration System (SICA) 9492: 9478: 8880: 8866: 8779: 8765: 8359: 8352: 8338: 8183: 8169: 7996:Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS 7738:1991 agreements parties and "participants" 7684: 7670: 7361: 7054:"Election fraud: How to steal an election" 6973:, Vestnik Kavkaza. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 6634:"Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)" 6006:Ukraine to selectively work as part of CIS 5149: 4125: 4113: 3245: 3152:The CIS-Election Monitoring Organisation ( 2528:Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS 1295:Ukrainian independence referendum was held 1074:withdrew its membership in 2008 following 11944:United Nations General Assembly observers 10120:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone 10088:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 9924:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 9883:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) 8675:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone 8605:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 8525:Economic Community of West African States 7647:Official CIS internet portal (in Russian) 7386: 7179: 7029: 7022:The Review of International Organizations 6865:, odessatalk.com. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 5134: 5132: 4914:: 3 founding countries, 8 December 1991 ( 4912:Agreement on the Establishment of the CIS 4905: 4582: 4488:Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv, SNG 4255:Organisation of Central Asian Cooperation 2278:Denounced various CIS treaties as of 2023 217:: Көз карандысыз Мамлекеттер Шериктештиги 129:Learn how and when to remove this message 10448:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 10136:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 10047:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 9990:Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS) 9955:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 9934:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) 8615:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 7693:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7643:Web Archives (archived 20 July 2006) 7507:"Central Asian Cooperation Organisation" 6740: 6738: 6723: 6721: 6294: 5805:Russia and Nis Mineral Industry Handbook 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 4985: 4983: 4935:"Russia Economic Conditions in Mid-1996" 4152: 4073: 3197:Ukrainian Independent Information Agency 3103: 3095: 3039: 2535: 2464: 2288: 2275:Withdrew its representatives in May 2018 1419: 1279: 1270: 1167: 1136: 171:Hamagortsakts’ut’yun Ankakh petut’yunner 167:: Համագործակցություն Անկախ պետություններ 11964:1991 establishments in the Soviet Union 10756: 10057:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) 9985:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 9975:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) 8889:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 8820:Collective Security Treaty Organization 8470:Collective Security Treaty Organization 8127:Collective Security Treaty Organization 7704:Belovezh Agreement establishing the CIS 7452: 7450: 7435: 7433: 7161:"CIS: Monitoring The Election Monitors" 6570: 6275: 6001: 5999: 5219: 5184: 5087: 5073:EEAS – European External Action Service 5036: 4632:Лащенко, Олександр (26 November 2020). 4631: 4612: 4477:Содружество Независимых Государств, СНГ 4403:Collective Security Treaty Organization 4214:Ukrainian presidential election of 2004 3326:, where it also played against the new 2572:Collective Security Treaty Organisation 2520:Collective Security Treaty Organization 2353: 2272:Largely ceased to participate from 2014 1630: 1214:Declaration of the Creation of the USSR 1208:(USSR) upon its creation with the 1922 1103:Collective Security Treaty Organization 1020:regional intergovernmental organization 221:Köz karandısız Mamleketter Şerikteştigi 27:Eurasian intergovernmental organization 14: 11916: 10775:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 10552:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 9809:Composite Index of National Capability 8680:Southern African Development Community 8575:Latin American Integration Association 8380:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization 7710:Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the CIS 7158: 7140:from the original on 27 September 2007 6954:, azernews.az. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 6914:"Uzbekistan Joins CIS Free-Trade Zone" 6884:www.kaztag.kz. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 6075: 5918:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia 5763: 5635: 5619: 5222:"Donbas: A new 'black hole' in Europe" 5162:. Commonwealth of Independent States. 4808: 3219:Kyrgyz parliamentary elections of 2005 3147: 2975: 10730: 10518:1949 East German State Railway strike 10490:World Federation of Democratic Youth 10285: 9929:Organization of American States (OAS) 9899:Association of Caribbean States (ACS) 9830: 9473: 8861: 8760: 8746:Regionalism (international relations) 8630:Organization of Ibero-American States 8465:Central European Free Trade Agreement 8333: 8164: 7665: 7582:from the original on 26 February 2008 7513:from the original on 23 February 2013 6830: 6774: 6735: 6718: 6392:2011. date retrieved 12 February 2014 5954:from the original on 11 December 2014 5477: 5367:Parliament of the Republic of Moldova 5337:Parliament of the Republic of Moldova 5307:Parliament of the Republic of Moldova 5201:from the original on 10 December 2022 5109: 4980: 4960:Information and Publish. Department. 4752: 4750: 4735:from the original on 30 November 2022 4634:"Is Ukraine still in the CIS or not?" 3208:2005 Moldovan parliamentary elections 3158:Миссия наблюдателей от СНГ на выборах 2628: 2625: 2620: 2611: 2317:Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1243:, proposed a federation by holding a 10389:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan 8787:Central Asian regional organizations 8741:Regional organizations by population 7652:CIS Executive Committee (in Russian) 7447: 7430: 7418:. The World Bank Group. 29 June 2023 7396:. The World Bank Group. 29 June 2023 7374:. The World Bank Group. 29 June 2023 6945:Uzbekistan joins CIS free trade zone 6926:from the original on 29 October 2021 6231: 6145:from the original on 9 November 2020 6089:from the original on 24 January 2023 5996: 5784:from the original on 24 January 2023 5684: 5403:from the original on 29 January 2018 5373:from the original on 31 January 2018 5166:from the original on 2 November 2012 4821:from the original on 7 December 2022 4723: 4721: 4719: 4540:from the original on 24 January 2023 3217:Soon after CIS observers hailed the 3185:2004 Ukrainian presidential election 2021:Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol. 1817:Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol. 1602:was established on 27 March 1992 in 1440: 1188:, which was replaced in 1917 by the 243:Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv 239:: Содружество Независимых Государств 78:"Commonwealth of Independent States" 67:adding citations to reliable sources 38: 9705:International relations (1814–1919) 8460:Central American Integration System 7340: 7088:. Enews.ferghana.ru. Archived from 6614:from the original on 10 August 2020 6263: 6244: 6232:Team, Editorial (3 February 2006). 5575:from the original on 13 August 2018 4644:from the original on 17 August 2021 4133: 3142: 3108:2011 treaty signatories and parties 2492:European Convention on Human Rights 2322:In April 2018, Ukrainian President 2106: 1953:Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol. 1204:became the leading republic in the 1038:As the Soviet Union disintegrated, 231:: Comunitatea Statelor Independente 24: 11924:Commonwealth of Independent States 10611:Sovietization of the Baltic states 10016:European Political Community (EPC) 9304:Commonwealth of Independent States 8815:Commonwealth of Independent States 8695:Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat 8475:Commonwealth of Independent States 8193:Commonwealth of Independent States 7416:"Life expectancy at birth, female" 7235:Ukraine's Ballot Flawed, U.S. Says 6992:, AKIpress. Retrieved 22 June 2018 6903:, arka.am. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 6495:from the original on 5 August 2022 6481: 6171:from the original on 19 April 2019 6063:from the original on 13 April 2018 5984:from the original on 29 April 2015 5868:from the original on 27 March 2014 5764:Sussex, Matthew (4 October 2012). 5654: 5607:from the original on 30 March 2019 5471: 5433:from the original on 4 August 2021 5260:from the original on 28 April 2015 5185:Buckley, Neil (25 November 2014). 4962:"CIS Inter-Parliamentary Assembly" 4747: 3420: 3403: 2201:so Ukraine never became a member. 1693: 1012:Commonwealth of Independent States 25: 11975: 11949:Organizations established in 1991 10482:World Federation of Trade Unions 8837:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 8832:Economic Cooperation Organization 8665:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 8530:Economic Cooperation Organization 8415:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 7630: 7614:from the original on 14 July 2014 7533:"Collective Security: A Timeline" 7487:from the original on 1 April 2013 7372:"Life expectancy at birth, total" 7167:from the original on 14 June 2008 5894:from the original on 4 March 2016 5037:Pannier, Bruce (9 October 2009). 4997:from the original on 9 March 2014 4941:from the original on 26 July 2013 4809:Newman, Dina (24 December 2016). 4768:from the original on 14 June 2022 4716: 4704:from the original on 10 July 2022 4656: 4244:Union State of Russia and Belarus 2188: 1536:4 March 1999 – 2 April 1999 1196:earlier that year. Following the 203:: Тәуелсіз Мемлекеттер Достастығы 193:Sadružnasć Niezaliežnych Dziaržaŭ 11898: 11897: 11885: 10699:January 1991 events in Lithuania 10357:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 10311: 10146:Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) 9501:Power in international relations 9403: 9390: 9377: 9364: 9351: 9338: 9309: 9275: 9262: 9249: 9236: 9223: 9210: 9197: 9184: 9171: 9158: 9145: 9132: 9119: 9106: 9082: 9058: 9045: 9032: 9019: 9006: 8993: 8980: 8967: 8954: 8941: 8505:Council of the Baltic Sea States 8312: 8300: 8288: 8276: 8264: 8252: 8240: 8228: 8216: 8204: 8145: 8144: 7525: 7499: 7473: 7394:"Life expectancy at birth, male" 7334: 7304: 7274: 7251: 7228: 7205: 7152: 7122: 7104: 7078: 7066:from the original on 14 May 2012 7046: 7009: 6995: 6976: 6957: 6938: 6906: 6887: 6868: 6580:. Astana Calling. Archived from 6251:Georgia intends to leave the CIS 5711:from the original on 27 May 2023 5672:from the original on 9 July 2022 5459:(in Ukrainian). 23 February 2023 4993:. Pravda.Ru. 11 September 2001. 4674:from the original on 8 July 2022 4387: 4373: 4359: 4345: 4051: 4035: 4023: 3289: 2544:The CIS Charter establishes the 2389: 2243: 2139: 2027: 1994: 1961: 1925: 1891: 1857: 1823: 1790: 1757: 1729: 1576: 1559: 1542: 1518: 1501: 1477: 1469: 690: 689: 545: 521: 508: 495: 481: 468: 455: 442: 429: 416: 318: 301: 287: 267:: Мустақил Давлатлар Ҳамдўстлиги 189:: Садружнасць Незалежных Дзяржаў 43: 18:CIS election observation mission 11939:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 10423:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 9950:Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) 8705:Union of South American Nations 8625:Organization of American States 8425:Association of Caribbean States 8132:Collective Rapid Reaction Force 8117:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 7940:Unified Team at the Paralympics 7562: 7223:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 6919:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 6849: 6816: 6791: 6760: 6693: 6661: 6647: 6626: 6596: 6538: 6524: 6507: 6455: 6446: 6434: 6395: 6376: 6350: 6335: 6323: 6225: 6211: 6197: 6183: 6157: 6127: 6101: 6045: 6022: 5966: 5936: 5906: 5880: 5848: 5829: 5796: 5757: 5723: 5691:d'Anieri, Paul J. (July 1999). 5587: 5540: 5526: 5512: 5498: 5478:Fetco, Verônica (15 May 2023). 5445: 5415: 5397:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 5385: 5355: 5325: 5295: 5272: 5240: 5213: 5178: 5061: 5049:from the original on 9 May 2013 5043:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 5030: 5009: 4968:from the original on 8 May 2013 4953: 4927: 4833: 4802: 4791: 4780: 4700:(in Ukrainian). 8 August 2019. 4668:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4429:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 3400:took place in 2023 in Belarus. 3332:Soviet Union bandy championship 3233:were organised well. While the 3231:2010 local elections in Ukraine 3225:International observers of the 3011:Agreement on the Economic Union 2574:(CSTO) as a military alliance. 2546:Council of Ministers of Defence 2477: 1408:underwent economic reforms and 271:Mustaqil Davlatlar Hamdoʻstligi 207:Täuelsız Memleketter Dostastyğy 54:needs additional citations for 10156:Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG) 10062:Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU) 8490:Community of Democratic Choice 6465:. Cis.minsk.by. Archived from 6305:unofficial English translation 5770:. Cambridge University Press. 5220:Rettman, Andrew (7 May 2015). 5098:unofficial English translation 4916:unofficial English translation 4686: 4625: 4556: 4504: 4466: 1570:14 July 2004 – 5 October 2007 1424:The 20–22 June 2000 CIS Summit 1415: 1026:. It was formed following the 13: 1: 11959:1991 establishments in Europe 11438:Political abuse of psychiatry 11230:Congress of People's Deputies 10704:January 1991 events in Latvia 10694:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 10443:Socialist Republic of Romania 10418:People's Republic of Bulgaria 10410:People's Republic of Albania 10379:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 10067:Organization of Turkic States 9904:Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 9695:List of medieval great powers 8842:Organization of Turkic States 8700:Organization of Turkic States 8455:Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 8048:Interstate Aviation Committee 7960:CIS national rugby union team 6489:"From Treaty to Organization" 6111:. 1 June 2018. Archived from 5920:. 27 May 2014. Archived from 4497: 3312:CIS association football team 3286:as its only state language." 3270:and the autonomous region of 2357: 2216: 2114: 1733: 1689: 1512:29 April 1998 – 4 March 1999 1163: 1109:(alongside subdivisions, the 253:: Иттиходи Давлатҳои Мустақил 156:(in other regional languages) 10689:Collapse of the Soviet Union 10679:Fall of communism in Albania 9814:Comprehensive National Power 9690:List of ancient great powers 8565:Indian Ocean Rim Association 8540:European Political Community 8420:Assembly of European Regions 8082:Eurasian Patent Organization 7991:Joint CIS Air Defense System 7955:CIS national ice hockey team 7935:Unified Team at the Olympics 4232:was thus created in 2010, A 2565:joint CIS Air Defense System 2532:Joint CIS Air Defense System 2426:Withdrew as a result of the 2082:Russia's invasion of Ukraine 1647:was elected in Ukraine; and 1553:2 April 1999 – 14 July 2004 1495:14 May 1993 – 29 April 1998 1447:General Secretary of the CIS 1289:Following the events of the 1249:union of sovereign republics 1084:Russian annexation of Crimea 1003:(руб) used from 1991 to 1994 336:Russian-occupied territories 181:: Müstəqil Dövlətlər Birliyi 7: 11954:1991 establishments in Asia 11601:Academy of Medical Sciences 10664:End of communism in Hungary 10433:Hungarian People's Republic 10151:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) 10104:Union for the Mediterranean 9857:Union for the Mediterranean 9700:List of modern great powers 8072:Eurasian Economic Community 8032:2023 Free Trade in Services 7555: 6272:on BBC News, 14 August 2008 6260:on CNN.com, 12 August 2008. 5767:Conflict in the Former USSR 4487: 4338: 4278:formed the OCAC in 1991 as 4140:Eurasian Economic Community 4046:in countries of CIS in 2019 3227:Interparliamentary Assembly 2591:Economy of the Soviet Union 2513: 2497:CIS members, especially in 2460: 2436:Following the overthrow of 2313:2014 parliamentary election 2306:Following the start of the 1722: 1668:Eurasian Economic Community 1651:was toppled in Kyrgyzstan. 1643:was overthrown in Georgia; 1600:Interparliamentary Assembly 1594:Interparliamentary Assembly 1337: 1266: 1247:to preserve the Union as a 1088:Russian invasion of Ukraine 591:Interparliamentary Assembly 270: 257:Ittixodi Davlathoi Mustaqil 256: 242: 220: 206: 192: 170: 10: 11980: 10428:German Democratic Republic 10232:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 9743:Hegemonic stability theory 8590:Melanesian Spearhead Group 8077:Eurasian Patent Convention 7986:United Armed Forces (1992) 7950:CIS national football team 7345:. Ayape.EU. Archived from 7031:10.1007/s11558-024-09554-3 4331: 4297: 4280:Central Asian Commonwealth 4247: 4156: 4137: 4067: 3969: 3919: 3869: 3819: 3769: 3719: 3669: 3619: 3569: 3519: 3328:Russia national bandy team 3250:Russia has urged that the 3128: 3089: 3079:International Trade Centre 3044:1994 agreement signatories 3033: 3020:differentiated integration 2998: 2979: 2588: 2584: 2517: 2469:Meeting of CIS leaders in 2060: 1444: 1338:Belovezhskiye soglasheniya 1140: 1070:chose not to participate. 708:11.77/km (30.5/sq mi) 491:(suspended participation) 29: 11879: 11823: 11797: 11717: 11640: 11631: 11576: 11483: 11446: 11386: 11289: 11251: 11171: 11033: 11024: 10974: 10922: 10913: 10765: 10639: 10616:Information dissemination 10593: 10543:1956 Hungarian Revolution 10533:1953 East German uprising 10501: 10459: 10402: 10339: 10319: 10255: 10164: 10128: 10112: 10096: 10075: 10039: 9998: 9942: 9891: 9865: 9844: 9840: 9826: 9801: 9713: 9682: 9637: 9586: 9511: 9507: 9419: 9330: 9291: 9098: 9074: 8931: 8895: 8792: 8728: 8580:Latin American Parliament 8400:Asia Cooperation Dialogue 8367: 8199: 8140: 8062:Outside the CIS framework 8061: 8040: 8004: 7973: 7927: 7906: 7885: 7865: 7810:parties and "members" (9) 7805: 7736: 7725: 7699: 6034:18 September 2015 at the 5841:28 September 2008 at the 4476: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3342: 3157: 2938: 2903: 2868: 2833: 2798: 2763: 2728: 2693: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2617: 2614: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2137: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2025: 1992: 1959: 1922: 1889: 1854: 1821: 1788: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1710: 1587:5 October 2007 – Present 1326: 998: 981: 935: 925: 906: 804: 784: 774: 764: 750: 740: 730: 712: 702: 683: 678: 668: 663: 659: 646: 633: 620: 605: 601: 596: 586: 582: 572:• General Secretary 570: 566: 561: 401: 391: 381: 373: 350: 317: 283: 143: 10601:Emigration and defection 10438:Polish People's Republic 9833:Organizations and groups 9793:Superpower disengagement 9437:SCO Interbank Consortium 8655:Polynesian Leaders Group 8570:Liptako–Gourma Authority 8560:Gulf Cooperation Council 7217:24 November 2010 at the 6842:25 February 2014 at the 6388:22 February 2014 at the 5647:11 December 2008 at the 4620:Exclusive Economic Zones 4459: 4187:commission on trade and 3426:Life expectancy at birth 3009:On 24 September 1993 an 2444:In the aftermath of the 342: 332: 326: 30:Not to be confused with 11892:Soviet Union portal 10659:Fall of the Berlin Wall 10585:1981 protests in Kosovo 10523:Rebellion of Cazin 1950 10177:Commonwealth of Nations 10011:Council of Europe (CoE) 9773:Power transition theory 8825:Eurasian Economic Union 8797:Central Asia plus Japan 8535:Eurasian Economic Union 8480:Commonwealth of Nations 8097:Eurasian Economic Union 7945:CIS national bandy team 7246:The Wall Street Journal 7116:23 January 2009 at the 6452:SIPRI 1998 Annual, p.18 6011:28 January 2016 at the 4937:. Library of Congress. 4894:30 October 2008 at the 4439:Eurasian Economic Union 4320:are all members of the 4191:that would be based in 4159:Eurasian Economic Space 4044:healthy life expectancy 3349:. The main sports were 3280:Ukrainian 2010 election 3246:Russian language status 1395:Soviet of the Republics 1239:, the president of the 1115:Eurasian Economic Space 1107:Eurasian Economic Union 32:Commonwealth of Nations 11784:Stalinist architecture 11538:Science and technology 11448:Ideological repression 11376:Soviet Airborne Forces 11314:Destruction battalions 8520:East African Community 8410:Asia-Europe Foundation 8361:Regional organizations 7806:Additionally the 1993 7194:7 January 2017 at the 6360:. 1995. Archived from 4238:Eurasian Customs Union 4130: 3324:Russian Government Cup 3109: 3101: 3045: 2986:List of GOST standards 2541: 2474: 2294: 1698: 1425: 1327:Беловежские соглашения 1286: 1277: 1231:In March 1991, amidst 1177: 1111:Eurasian Customs Union 11566:List of metro systems 11119:Collective leadership 10709:Breakup of Yugoslavia 10247:Uniting for Consensus 8690:Three Seas Initiative 8645:Pacific Islands Forum 8445:British–Irish Council 8012:Common Economic Space 7240:10 March 2016 at the 5021:23 March 2007 at the 4165:common economic space 4153:Common Economic Space 4105: 4058:Elaboration by gender 3107: 3099: 3043: 2539: 2468: 2292: 2090:Parliament of Moldova 1697: 1423: 1311:Belovezhskaya Pushcha 1283: 1274: 1255:hardliners staged an 1171: 1137:History and structure 1086:. Following the 2022 344: Associate state 11528:Net material product 11471:Censorship of images 11388:Political repression 11348:Soviet Border Troops 11281:First Deputy Premier 10865:1965 economic reform 10860:Soviet space program 10557:1970 Polish protests 10538:1956 Poznań protests 10403:Soviet-allied states 10113:Africa–South America 10076:North America–Europe 9442:Eurasian Land Bridge 9283:United Arab Emirates 8736:Regional integration 8720:Western Balkans Quad 7570:"Russian Federation" 6988:22 June 2018 at the 6969:22 June 2018 at the 6950:1 April 2016 at the 6922:. 28 December 2013. 6899:22 June 2018 at the 6880:22 June 2018 at the 6861:22 June 2018 at the 6469:on 23 September 2015 4862:13 December 2012 at 4857:Alma-Ata Declaration 4731:. 30 November 2022. 4516:"Republic of Crimea" 4512:Taylor & Francis 4202:On 22 May 2003, the 4042:Life expectancy and 3308:1992 Summer Olympics 3304:1992 Winter Olympics 3239:Obama administration 3022:(aka à la carte and 3001:free trade agreement 2354:Former member states 1701:There are nine full 1631:Further developments 1614:It is housed in the 1455:General Secretaries 1180:The CIS as a shared 685:• 2024 estimate 352:Administrative seats 63:improve this article 11596:Academy of Sciences 11411:Population transfer 11355:Soviet Armed Forces 11218:Congress of Soviets 11199:Presidium/Politburo 11163:Soviet anti-Zionism 11012:West Siberian Plain 10890:Revolutions of 1989 10827:Great Patriotic War 10812:New Economic Policy 10674:Romanian revolution 10647:Revolutions of 1989 10528:1953 Plzeň uprising 10263:United Nations (UN) 10031:Visegrád Group (V4) 10021:European Union (EU) 9788:Superpower collapse 9783:Sphere of influence 9758:Philosophy of power 8807:Central Asian Union 8715:West Nordic Council 7641:Library of Congress 7462:14 May 2011 at the 7349:on 24 February 2021 7341:Valenza, Domenico. 7263:5 June 2011 at the 7159:Kupchinsky, Roman. 6729:"Market Access Map" 6558:on 11 December 2013 6303:, 22 January 1993 ( 6207:. 13 December 2023. 6167:. 11 October 2018. 6019:(21 September 2015) 5550:. 21 December 2023. 5536:. 21 December 2023. 5522:. 22 November 2023. 5399:. 25 January 2018. 5284:5 July 2015 at the 5096:, 22 January 1993 ( 4868:English translation 3187:which followed the 3162:election monitoring 3148:Election monitoring 2976:Standards and rules 2448:in 2008, President 2438:Eduard Shevardnadze 2308:Russo-Ukrainian war 2124:Agreement ratified 1676:Eastern Partnership 1641:Eduard Shevardnadze 1456: 1226:Transcaucasian SFSR 1194:February Revolution 1123:supranational union 1099:CIS Free Trade Area 896:Turkmenistani manat 328: Member states 11929:Post-Soviet states 11241:Military Collegium 11109:Capital punishment 10987:Caucasus Mountains 10900:Post-Soviet states 10780:Russian Revolution 10684:Singing Revolution 10567:June 1976 protests 10352:Soviet occupations 10097:Africa–Asia–Europe 8022:1994 FTA Agreement 7965:CIS Cup (football) 7637:Charter of the CIS 7292:on 1 December 2017 6756:on 4 October 2023. 6608:data.worldbank.org 6584:on 14 October 2017 6317:2009-02-07 at the 6287:2008-09-03 at the 6256:2008-08-13 at the 5731:Ponomarenko, Illia 5569:vestnikkavkaza.net 5369:. 2 January 2018. 5343:on 5 November 2014 5313:on 5 November 2014 4449:Post-Soviet states 4212:'s victory in the 4131: 4070:Post-Soviet states 3379:kettlebell lifting 3302:" competed in the 3284:Ukrainian language 3110: 3102: 3046: 3024:multi-speed Europe 2618:GDP (USD million) 2615:Population (2021) 2542: 2475: 2446:Russo-Georgian War 2428:Russo-Georgian War 2368:Agreement ratified 2295: 2227:Agreement ratified 2183:Colour Revolutions 1744:Agreement ratified 1699: 1684:post-Soviet states 1657:Russo-Georgian War 1637:colour revolutions 1454: 1434:Charter of the CIS 1426: 1406:Post-Soviet states 1287: 1278: 1263:August that year. 1198:October Revolution 1178: 870:Tajikistani somoni 810:No common currency 760:2022 estimate 746:$ 22,500 (approx.) 726:2022 estimate 697:(including Crimea) 147:Independent States 11911: 11910: 11875: 11874: 11867:Hammer and sickle 11809:and their groups 11807:Soviet dissidents 11586:Communist Academy 11503:Economic planning 11479: 11478: 11372:Soviet Air Forces 11291:Security services 11211:General Secretary 11194:Central Committee 11136:Political parties 11068:Brezhnev Doctrine 11063:Foreign relations 11020: 11019: 10961:Autonomous okrugs 10875:Soviet–Afghan War 10855:Sino-Soviet split 10797:Russian Civil War 10724: 10723: 10669:Velvet Revolution 10631:Telephone tapping 10605:list of defectors 10394:Tito–Stalin split 10279: 10278: 10275: 10274: 10271: 10270: 9822: 9821: 9778:Second Superpower 9738:Deterrence theory 9467: 9466: 9447:Working languages 9099:Dialogue partners 8855: 8854: 8811: 8754: 8753: 8650:Paneuropean Union 8510:Council of Europe 8327: 8326: 8158: 8157: 7923: 7922: 7248:(4 November 2010) 7225:(5 November 2010) 7202:(3 November 2010) 6846:, 18 October 2011 6291:, 18 August 2008. 6221:. 2 January 2024. 5864:. 15 March 2014. 5429:. 2 August 2021. 5256:. 26 April 2015. 4670:. 12 April 2018. 4600:on 23 August 2017 4533:978-1-003-00706-7 4485: 4219:Viktor Yanukovych 4210:Viktor Yushchenko 4019: 4018: 3235:Council of Europe 3189:Orange Revolution 3131:Trade in services 2973: 2972: 2629:Human Development 2434: 2433: 2287: 2286: 2171: 2170: 2127:Charter ratified 2088:President of the 2058: 2057: 1808:24 September 1993 1748:Charter ratified 1720: 1645:Viktor Yushchenko 1591: 1590: 1566:Vladimir Rushailo 1441:General Secretary 1379:Alma-Ata Protocol 1335: 1237:Mikhail Gorbachev 1176:, 8 December 1991 1143:History of Russia 1076:a war with Russia 1056:Alma-Ata Protocol 1052:Belovezha Accords 1008: 1007: 842:Kazakhstani tenge 830:Azerbaijani manat 780:$ 9,000 (approx.) 776:• Per capita 742:• Per capita 655:20 September 2012 624:Alma-Ata Protocol 610:Belavezha Accords 538:1 associate state 396:Intergovernmental 139: 138: 131: 113: 16:(Redirected from 11971: 11901: 11900: 11890: 11889: 11888: 11638: 11637: 11546: 11401:Collectivization 11146:Marxism–Leninism 11031: 11030: 10920: 10919: 10751: 10744: 10737: 10728: 10727: 10513:Goryani Movement 10493: 10485: 10451: 10413: 10347:Yalta Conference 10306: 10299: 10292: 10283: 10282: 9842: 9841: 9828: 9827: 9768:Power projection 9753:Internationalism 9726:Balance of power 9721:American decline 9509: 9508: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9471: 9470: 9409: 9407: 9406: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9383: 9381: 9380: 9370: 9368: 9367: 9357: 9355: 9354: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9281: 9279: 9278: 9268: 9266: 9265: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9242: 9240: 9239: 9229: 9227: 9226: 9216: 9214: 9213: 9203: 9201: 9200: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9177: 9175: 9174: 9164: 9162: 9161: 9151: 9149: 9148: 9138: 9136: 9135: 9125: 9123: 9122: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9064: 9062: 9061: 9051: 9049: 9048: 9038: 9036: 9035: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9012: 9010: 9009: 8999: 8997: 8996: 8986: 8984: 8983: 8973: 8971: 8970: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8947: 8945: 8944: 8882: 8875: 8868: 8859: 8858: 8809: 8781: 8774: 8767: 8758: 8757: 8640:Pacific Alliance 8354: 8347: 8340: 8331: 8330: 8317: 8316: 8305: 8304: 8293: 8292: 8281: 8280: 8269: 8268: 8257: 8256: 8245: 8244: 8233: 8232: 8221: 8220: 8209: 8208: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8162: 8161: 8148: 8147: 8122:New Union Treaty 8087:EU Technical Aid 7734: 7733: 7686: 7679: 7672: 7663: 7662: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7613: 7606: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7581: 7574: 7566: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7529: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7477: 7471: 7454: 7445: 7444: 7437: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7368: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7318:. Archived from 7316:www.mfgs-sng.org 7308: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7288:. Archived from 7278: 7272: 7255: 7249: 7232: 7226: 7209: 7203: 7186: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7126: 7120: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7062:. 3 March 2012. 7050: 7044: 7043: 7033: 7013: 7007: 7006: 6999: 6993: 6980: 6974: 6961: 6955: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6910: 6904: 6891: 6885: 6872: 6866: 6853: 6847: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6820: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6752:. Archived from 6742: 6733: 6732: 6725: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6680: 6674:. Archived from 6673: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6574: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6557: 6551:. Archived from 6550: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6459: 6453: 6450: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6420:10.2307/20049696 6399: 6393: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6364:on 16 April 2013 6354: 6348: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6298: 6292: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6201: 6195: 6194: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6139:Interfax-Ukraine 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6049: 6043: 6042:(20 August 2015) 6026: 6020: 6003: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5852: 5846: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5741:. Archived from 5727: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5658: 5652: 5639: 5633: 5631: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5599: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5561: 5552: 5551: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5457:www.ukrinform.ua 5449: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5339:. Archived from 5329: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5309:. Archived from 5299: 5293: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5224:. Archived from 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5190: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5145:. 3 August 1994. 5144: 5136: 5107: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5034: 5028: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4987: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4931: 4925: 4909: 4903: 4886: 4877: 4854: 4848: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4806: 4800: 4795: 4789: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4764:. 14 June 2022. 4754: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4725: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4698:www.ukrinform.ua 4690: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4640:(in Ukrainian). 4629: 4623: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4596:. Archived from 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4570:. 4 October 2022 4560: 4554: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4508: 4491: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4470: 4397: 4392: 4391: 4390: 4383: 4378: 4377: 4369: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4304:The post-Soviet 4134:EurAsEc and EAEU 4129: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4076: 4055: 4039: 4027: 3510: 3476: 3466: 3444:Historical data 3435: 3434: 3430:World Bank Group 3344: 3296:its sports teams 3252:Russian language 3159: 3143:Other activities 2609: 2608: 2503:Andijan massacre 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2374: 2373:Charter ratified 2369: 2358: 2324:Petro Poroshenko 2263: 2262:10 December 1991 2258: 2253: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2233: 2232:Charter ratified 2228: 2217: 2158: 2157:26 December 1991 2153: 2152:21 December 1991 2145: 2143: 2142: 2115: 2107:Associate member 2051: 2046: 2041: 2040:21 December 1991 2033: 2031: 2030: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2007:21 December 1991 2000: 1998: 1997: 1985: 1980: 1979:12 December 1991 1975: 1967: 1965: 1964: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1939:21 December 1991 1935: 1931: 1929: 1928: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1904:21 December 1991 1897: 1895: 1894: 1882: 1877: 1876:23 December 1991 1872: 1871:21 December 1991 1867: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1847: 1842: 1841:10 December 1991 1837: 1829: 1827: 1826: 1814: 1813:14 December 1993 1809: 1804: 1803:21 December 1991 1796: 1794: 1793: 1781: 1776: 1775:18 February 1992 1771: 1770:21 December 1991 1763: 1761: 1760: 1745: 1734: 1725: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1627:on 14 May 2009. 1625:Saint Petersburg 1581: 1580: 1564: 1563: 1547: 1546: 1533: 1525:Ivan Korotchenya 1523: 1522: 1508:Boris Berezovsky 1506: 1505: 1492: 1484:Ivan Korotchenya 1482: 1481: 1474: 1473: 1457: 1453: 1340: 1330: 1328: 1319:Belovezh Accords 1299:Byelorussian SSR 1291:failed 1991 coup 1218:Byelorussian SSR 1190:Russian Republic 1174:Belovezh Accords 1151:Russian Republic 993: 990: 966: 921: 899: 889: 880: 877:Uzbekistani soum 836:Belarusian ruble 818: 812: 800: 799: 791: 757: 723: 698: 693: 692: 629:21 December 1991 612: 551: 549: 548: 539: 527: 525: 524: 514: 512: 511: 501: 499: 498: 487: 485: 484: 474: 472: 471: 461: 459: 458: 448: 446: 445: 435: 433: 432: 422: 420: 419: 410: 382:Working language 353: 345: 343: 338: 333: 329: 327: 322: 305: 291: 274: 273: 260: 259: 246: 245: 232: 224: 223: 210: 209: 196: 195: 182: 174: 173: 158: 141: 140: 134: 127: 123: 120: 114: 112: 71: 47: 39: 21: 11979: 11978: 11974: 11973: 11972: 11970: 11969: 11968: 11914: 11913: 11912: 11907: 11886: 11884: 11871: 11819: 11793: 11713: 11627: 11572: 11544: 11518:Internet domain 11513:Five-year plans 11475: 11442: 11382: 11285: 11247: 11179:Communist Party 11167: 11126:Passport system 11016: 10992:European Russia 10970: 10909: 10850:Khrushchev Thaw 10829:(World War II) 10807:Creation treaty 10761: 10755: 10725: 10720: 10635: 10589: 10576:Soviet reaction 10562:Croatian Spring 10506: 10504: 10497: 10491: 10483: 10455: 10449: 10411: 10398: 10384:Berlin Blockade 10335: 10334: 10315: 10310: 10280: 10267: 10251: 10160: 10129:Oceania–Pacific 10124: 10108: 10092: 10071: 10035: 9994: 9938: 9887: 9861: 9836: 9818: 9797: 9748:Multilateralism 9709: 9678: 9633: 9582: 9503: 9498: 9468: 9463: 9415: 9404: 9402: 9391: 9389: 9378: 9376: 9365: 9363: 9352: 9350: 9339: 9337: 9326: 9310: 9308: 9287: 9276: 9274: 9263: 9261: 9250: 9248: 9237: 9235: 9224: 9222: 9211: 9209: 9198: 9196: 9185: 9183: 9172: 9170: 9159: 9157: 9146: 9144: 9133: 9131: 9120: 9118: 9107: 9105: 9094: 9083: 9081: 9075:Observer states 9070: 9059: 9057: 9046: 9044: 9033: 9031: 9020: 9018: 9007: 9005: 8994: 8992: 8981: 8979: 8968: 8966: 8955: 8953: 8942: 8940: 8927: 8891: 8886: 8856: 8851: 8788: 8785: 8755: 8750: 8724: 8585:Lublin Triangle 8363: 8358: 8328: 8323: 8311: 8299: 8287: 8275: 8263: 8251: 8239: 8227: 8215: 8203: 8195: 8191:Leaders of the 8189: 8159: 8154: 8136: 8057: 8036: 8027:2011 FTA Treaty 8000: 7969: 7919: 7902: 7881: 7861: 7801: 7721: 7695: 7690: 7633: 7628: 7627: 7617: 7615: 7611: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7595: 7585: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7568: 7567: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7552: 7542: 7540: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7516: 7514: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7490: 7488: 7483:. Rbcnews.com. 7479: 7478: 7474: 7470:(27 April 2010) 7464:Wayback Machine 7455: 7448: 7439: 7438: 7431: 7421: 7419: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7399: 7397: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7370: 7369: 7362: 7352: 7350: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7322:on 27 June 2020 7310: 7309: 7305: 7295: 7293: 7280: 7279: 7275: 7265:Wayback Machine 7256: 7252: 7242:Wayback Machine 7233: 7229: 7219:Wayback Machine 7210: 7206: 7200:Razumkov Centre 7196:Wayback Machine 7187: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7157: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7128: 7127: 7123: 7118:Wayback Machine 7109: 7105: 7095: 7093: 7092:on 10 July 2012 7084: 7083: 7079: 7069: 7067: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7014: 7010: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6990:Wayback Machine 6981: 6977: 6971:Wayback Machine 6962: 6958: 6952:Wayback Machine 6943: 6939: 6929: 6927: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6901:Wayback Machine 6892: 6888: 6882:Wayback Machine 6873: 6869: 6863:Wayback Machine 6854: 6850: 6844:Wayback Machine 6835: 6831: 6822: 6821: 6817: 6807: 6805: 6797: 6796: 6792: 6784: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6766: 6765: 6761: 6744: 6743: 6736: 6727: 6726: 6719: 6709: 6707: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6548: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6534:. 27 June 2023. 6530: 6529: 6525: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6498: 6496: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6461: 6460: 6456: 6451: 6447: 6439: 6435: 6408:Foreign Affairs 6400: 6396: 6390:Wayback Machine 6381: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6340: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6319:Wayback Machine 6299: 6295: 6289:Wayback Machine 6280: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6258:Wayback Machine 6249: 6245: 6230: 6226: 6217: 6216: 6212: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6174: 6172: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6148: 6146: 6141:. 2 June 2018. 6133: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6115:on 21 July 2018 6107: 6106: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6081: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6036:Wayback Machine 6027: 6023: 6013:Wayback Machine 6004: 5997: 5987: 5985: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5957: 5955: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5927: 5925: 5924:on 14 July 2014 5912: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5843:Wayback Machine 5834: 5830: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5778: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5733:(19 May 2018). 5728: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5705: 5689: 5685: 5675: 5673: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5649:Wayback Machine 5640: 5636: 5629: 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5563: 5562: 5555: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5508:. 20 July 2023. 5504: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5487: 5484:Ziarul de Gardă 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5436: 5434: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5376: 5374: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5316: 5314: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5292:. 25 March 2014 5286:Wayback Machine 5277: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5229: 5218: 5214: 5204: 5202: 5194:Financial Times 5183: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5158: 5157: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5137: 5110: 5092: 5088: 5077: 5075: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5035: 5031: 5023:Wayback Machine 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4989: 4988: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4964:. Cisstat.com. 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4910: 4906: 4896:Wayback Machine 4887: 4880: 4855: 4851: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4807: 4803: 4796: 4792: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4756: 4755: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4727: 4726: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4630: 4626: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4543: 4541: 4534: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4494: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4444:Lublin Triangle 4393: 4388: 4386: 4381:Politics portal 4379: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4358: 4351: 4344: 4341: 4336: 4330: 4306:disputed states 4302: 4296: 4257: 4252: 4246: 4161: 4155: 4150: 4138:Main articles: 4136: 4111: 4104: 4074: 4072: 4066: 4059: 4056: 4047: 4040: 4031: 4028: 3514: 3508: 3499: 3491: 3483: 3474: 3423: 3421:Life expectancy 3406: 3404:Cultural events 3394:first CIS games 3292: 3248: 3150: 3145: 3137: 3129:Main articles: 3127: 3094: 3088: 3064: 3038: 3032: 3007: 3005:free trade area 2999:Main articles: 2997: 2988: 2980:Main articles: 2978: 2630: 2626:GDP per capita 2622: 2606: 2593: 2587: 2558:Viktor Samsonov 2534: 2518:Main articles: 2516: 2480: 2463: 2407:3 December 1993 2402:3 December 1993 2390: 2388: 2372: 2367: 2356: 2300:successor state 2257:8 December 1991 2244: 2242: 2241: 2231: 2226: 2191: 2140: 2138: 2130:Associate from 2109: 2063: 2050:9 February 1994 2028: 2026: 1995: 1993: 1974:8 December 1991 1962: 1960: 1954: 1926: 1924: 1923: 1892: 1890: 1858: 1856: 1855: 1846:18 January 1994 1836:8 December 1991 1824: 1822: 1791: 1789: 1758: 1756: 1743: 1732: 1692: 1662:In March 2007, 1633: 1596: 1575: 1558: 1541: 1527: 1517: 1500: 1486: 1476: 1468: 1449: 1443: 1418: 1269: 1253:Communist Party 1172:Signing of the 1166: 1161: 1141:Main articles: 1139: 1004: 994: 987: 986: 941: 910: 902: 894: 891: 890: 888:Associate state 887: 883: 875: 848:Kyrgyzstani som 820: 819: 816: 808: 797: 796: 795: 789: 777: 767: 755: 743: 733: 717: 705: 696: 695: 686: 671: 652: 650:Free Trade Area 642:22 January 1993 639: 637:Charter adopted 626: 616:8 December 1991 613: 608: 573: 557: 546: 544: 541: 540: 537: 533: 522: 520: 509: 507: 496: 494: 482: 480: 469: 467: 456: 454: 443: 441: 430: 428: 417: 415: 412: 411: 409:9 member states 408: 369: 351: 346: 341: 340: 339: 331: 330: 325: 324: 313: 312: 311: 306: 298: 297: 292: 279: 278: 277: 268: 263: 254: 249: 240: 235: 227: 218: 213: 204: 199: 190: 185: 177: 168: 163: 160: 159: 154: 148: 146: 145:Commonwealth of 135: 124: 118: 115: 72: 70: 60: 48: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11977: 11967: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11934:Confederations 11931: 11926: 11909: 11908: 11906: 11905: 11895: 11880: 11877: 11876: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11869: 11864: 11863: 11862: 11852: 11851: 11850: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11827: 11825: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11817: 11816: 11815: 11803: 11801: 11795: 11794: 11792: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11755: 11754: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11723: 11721: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11700: 11699: 11694: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11673: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11652: 11647: 11641: 11635: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11625: 11624: 11623: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11582: 11580: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11570: 11569: 11568: 11563: 11561:Rail transport 11558: 11556:Railway system 11548: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11489: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11477: 11476: 11474: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11452: 11450: 11444: 11443: 11441: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11429: 11428: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11392: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11380: 11379: 11378: 11352: 11351: 11350: 11345: 11335: 11330: 11329: 11328: 11318: 11317: 11316: 11306: 11301: 11295: 11293: 11287: 11286: 11284: 11283: 11278: 11276:Deputy Premier 11273: 11268: 11267: 11266: 11259:Heads of state 11255: 11253: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11233: 11227: 11224:Supreme Soviet 11221: 11215: 11214: 11213: 11208: 11207: 11206: 11201: 11191: 11186: 11175: 11173: 11169: 11168: 11166: 11165: 11160: 11159: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11141:State ideology 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11122: 11121: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11100: 11099: 11089: 11088: 11087: 11077: 11072: 11071: 11070: 11060: 11055: 11054: 11053: 11048: 11037: 11035: 11028: 11022: 11021: 11018: 11017: 11015: 11014: 11009: 11007:Ural Mountains 11004: 10999: 10997:North Caucasus 10994: 10989: 10984: 10978: 10976: 10972: 10971: 10969: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10957: 10956: 10946: 10941: 10940: 10939: 10928: 10926: 10917: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10841: 10840: 10835: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10777: 10771: 10769: 10763: 10762: 10754: 10753: 10746: 10739: 10731: 10722: 10721: 10719: 10718: 10717: 10716: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10649: 10643: 10641: 10637: 10636: 10634: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10597: 10595: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10587: 10582: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10509: 10507: 10502: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10495: 10487: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10463: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10453: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10406: 10404: 10400: 10399: 10397: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10375: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10349: 10343: 10341: 10337: 10336: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10316: 10309: 10308: 10301: 10294: 10286: 10277: 10276: 10273: 10272: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10265: 10259: 10257: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10168: 10166: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10132: 10130: 10126: 10125: 10123: 10122: 10116: 10114: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10106: 10100: 10098: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10090: 10085: 10083:Arctic Council 10079: 10077: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10043: 10041: 10037: 10036: 10034: 10033: 10028: 10026:Nordic Council 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10002: 10000: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9946: 9944: 9940: 9939: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9895: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9886: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9869: 9867: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9859: 9854: 9848: 9846: 9838: 9837: 9824: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9805: 9803: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9734: 9733: 9723: 9717: 9715: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9686: 9684: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9670: 9669: 9664: 9654: 9643: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9590: 9588: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9517: 9515: 9505: 9504: 9497: 9496: 9489: 9482: 9474: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9461: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9423: 9421: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9400: 9387: 9374: 9361: 9348: 9334: 9332: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9324: 9322:United Nations 9319: 9306: 9301: 9295: 9293: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9285: 9272: 9259: 9246: 9233: 9220: 9207: 9194: 9181: 9168: 9155: 9142: 9129: 9116: 9102: 9100: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9092: 9078: 9076: 9072: 9071: 9069: 9068: 9055: 9042: 9029: 9016: 9003: 8990: 8977: 8964: 8951: 8937: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8918:Samarkand 2022 8915: 8910: 8905: 8899: 8897: 8893: 8892: 8885: 8884: 8877: 8870: 8862: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8828: 8827: 8822: 8812: 8804: 8799: 8793: 8790: 8789: 8784: 8783: 8776: 8769: 8761: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8732: 8730: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8710:Visegrád Group 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8600:Nordic Council 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8545:European Union 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8450:Bucharest Nine 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8390:Arctic Council 8387: 8382: 8377: 8371: 8369: 8365: 8364: 8357: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8334: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8309: 8307:Berdimuhamedow 8297: 8285: 8273: 8261: 8249: 8237: 8225: 8213: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8188: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8165: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8152: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8107:Russian Empire 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8065: 8063: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8055: 8050: 8044: 8042: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8017:Economic Court 8014: 8008: 8006: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7977: 7975: 7971: 7970: 7968: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7879: 7873: 7871: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7813: 7811: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7731: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7689: 7688: 7681: 7674: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7632: 7631:External links 7629: 7626: 7625: 7593: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7551: 7550: 7539:on 10 May 2011 7524: 7498: 7472: 7446: 7429: 7407: 7385: 7360: 7333: 7303: 7273: 7271:(9 March 2010) 7250: 7227: 7204: 7178: 7151: 7121: 7103: 7077: 7045: 7008: 6994: 6975: 6956: 6937: 6905: 6886: 6867: 6848: 6829: 6815: 6790: 6773: 6759: 6750:economy.gov.by 6734: 6717: 6692: 6681:on 16 May 2011 6660: 6646: 6625: 6595: 6569: 6537: 6523: 6506: 6480: 6454: 6445: 6433: 6394: 6375: 6349: 6344:New York Times 6334: 6322: 6293: 6274: 6262: 6243: 6224: 6210: 6196: 6182: 6156: 6126: 6100: 6074: 6044: 6021: 5995: 5978:Verkhovna Rada 5965: 5948:Verkhovna Rada 5935: 5905: 5879: 5847: 5828: 5814: 5795: 5776: 5756: 5745:on 20 May 2018 5722: 5703: 5697:. SUNY Press. 5683: 5668:(in Russian). 5666:minjust.gov.ua 5653: 5634: 5618: 5586: 5553: 5539: 5525: 5511: 5497: 5470: 5444: 5414: 5384: 5354: 5324: 5294: 5271: 5239: 5228:on 18 May 2015 5212: 5177: 5148: 5108: 5086: 5060: 5029: 5008: 4979: 4952: 4926: 4904: 4878: 4849: 4847:, pp 356 – 365 4832: 4801: 4790: 4779: 4746: 4715: 4685: 4655: 4624: 4611: 4581: 4555: 4532: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4399: 4398: 4384: 4370: 4356: 4340: 4337: 4332:Main article: 4329: 4326: 4298:Main article: 4295: 4292: 4256: 4253: 4248:Main article: 4245: 4242: 4205:Verkhovna Rada 4157:Main article: 4154: 4151: 4135: 4132: 4068:Main article: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4050: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4022: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3501: 3496: 3493: 3488: 3485: 3480: 3477: 3470: 3467: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3422: 3419: 3405: 3402: 3367:belt wrestling 3345:) was held in 3320:CIS bandy team 3316:UEFA Euro 1992 3291: 3288: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3200: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3126: 3123: 3090:Main article: 3087: 3084: 3063: 3060: 3034:Main article: 3031: 3028: 2996: 2993: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2586: 2583: 2515: 2512: 2507:Vladimir Putin 2479: 2476: 2462: 2459: 2432: 2431: 2424: 2422:18 August 2009 2419: 2417:18 August 2008 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2362: 2355: 2352: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2195:Verkhovna Rada 2190: 2189:Founding state 2187: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2108: 2105: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2047: 2045:4 January 1992 2042: 2037: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2017:14 August 1993 2014: 2009: 2004: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1741: 1738: 1731: 1728: 1691: 1688: 1680:European Union 1632: 1629: 1616:Tauride Palace 1595: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1583:Sergei Lebedev 1572: 1571: 1568: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1445:Main article: 1442: 1439: 1417: 1414: 1268: 1265: 1257:attempted coup 1186:Russian Empire 1165: 1162: 1147:Russian Empire 1138: 1135: 1006: 1005: 999: 996: 995: 982: 979: 978: 939: 933: 932: 929: 923: 922: 908: 904: 903: 901: 900: 886: 885: 884: 882: 881: 873: 867: 861: 855: 845: 839: 833: 827: 815: 814: 813: 806: 802: 801: 792: 782: 781: 778: 775: 772: 771: 770:$ 2.5 trillion 768: 765: 762: 761: 758: 748: 747: 744: 741: 738: 737: 736:$ 5.5 trillion 734: 731: 728: 727: 724: 710: 709: 706: 704:• Density 703: 700: 699: 687: 684: 681: 680: 676: 675: 672: 669: 666: 665: 661: 660: 657: 656: 653: 647: 644: 643: 640: 634: 631: 630: 627: 621: 618: 617: 614: 606: 603: 602: 599: 598: 594: 593: 588: 584: 583: 580: 579: 577:Sergey Lebedev 574: 571: 568: 567: 564: 563: 559: 558: 556: 555: 536: 535: 534: 532: 531: 518: 505: 492: 478: 465: 452: 439: 426: 407: 406: 405: 403: 399: 398: 393: 389: 388: 383: 379: 378: 375: 371: 370: 368: 367: 362: 356: 354: 348: 347: 323: 315: 314: 307: 300: 299: 293: 286: 285: 284: 281: 280: 276: 275: 261: 247: 233: 225: 211: 197: 183: 175: 153: 152: 151: 150: 149: 144: 137: 136: 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11976: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11904: 11896: 11894: 11893: 11882: 11881: 11878: 11868: 11865: 11861: 11858: 11857: 11856: 11853: 11849: 11846: 11845: 11844: 11841: 11837: 11834: 11833: 11832: 11829: 11828: 11826: 11822: 11814: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11800: 11796: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11764:Printed media 11762: 11760: 11757: 11753: 11750: 11749: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11724: 11722: 11720: 11716: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11698: 11697:Cyrillisation 11695: 11693: 11690: 11689: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11665:Working class 11663: 11661: 11660:Soviet people 11658: 11657: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11642: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11630: 11622: 11619: 11618: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11583: 11581: 11579: 11575: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11553: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11508:Energy policy 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11482: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11453: 11451: 11449: 11445: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11427: 11424: 11423: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11389: 11385: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11356: 11353: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11340: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11322: 11319: 11315: 11312: 11311: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11288: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11265: 11262: 11261: 11260: 11257: 11256: 11254: 11250: 11242: 11239: 11238: 11237: 11236:Supreme Court 11234: 11231: 11228: 11225: 11222: 11219: 11216: 11212: 11209: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11196: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11181: 11180: 11177: 11176: 11174: 11170: 11164: 11161: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11143: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11120: 11117: 11116: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11098: 11095: 11094: 11093: 11090: 11086: 11083: 11082: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11069: 11066: 11065: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11043: 11042: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11023: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10979: 10977: 10973: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10955: 10952: 10951: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10933: 10930: 10929: 10927: 10925: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10912: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10839: 10838:The Holocaust 10836: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10782: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10764: 10759: 10752: 10747: 10745: 10740: 10738: 10733: 10732: 10729: 10715: 10714:Yugoslav Wars 10712: 10711: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10654: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10638: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10606: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10592: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10549: 10548:Prague Spring 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10500: 10494: 10488: 10486: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10460:Organizations 10458: 10452: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10401: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10362:Baltic states 10360: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10344: 10342: 10338: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10318: 10314: 10307: 10302: 10300: 10295: 10293: 10288: 10287: 10284: 10264: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10254: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10163: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10127: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10111: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10095: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10074: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10038: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9941: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9890: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9864: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9852:African Union 9850: 9849: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9825: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9728: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9681: 9675: 9672: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9636: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9585: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9563: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9495: 9490: 9488: 9483: 9481: 9476: 9475: 9472: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9427:Member states 9425: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9412: 9401: 9399: 9388: 9386: 9375: 9373: 9362: 9360: 9349: 9347: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9284: 9273: 9271: 9260: 9258: 9247: 9245: 9234: 9232: 9221: 9219: 9208: 9206: 9195: 9193: 9182: 9180: 9169: 9167: 9156: 9154: 9143: 9141: 9130: 9128: 9117: 9115: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9097: 9091: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9073: 9067: 9056: 9054: 9043: 9041: 9030: 9028: 9017: 9015: 9004: 9002: 8991: 8989: 8978: 8976: 8965: 8963: 8952: 8950: 8939: 8938: 8936: 8934: 8933:Member states 8930: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8908:Dushanbe 2014 8906: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8894: 8890: 8883: 8878: 8876: 8871: 8869: 8864: 8863: 8860: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8813: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8794: 8791: 8782: 8777: 8775: 8770: 8768: 8763: 8762: 8759: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8727: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8515:Craiova Group 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8375:African Union 8373: 8372: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8355: 8350: 8348: 8343: 8341: 8336: 8335: 8332: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8201: 8198: 8194: 8186: 8181: 8179: 8174: 8172: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8151: 8143: 8142: 8139: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8039: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8003: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7926: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7905: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7878: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7864: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7804: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7724: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7698: 7694: 7687: 7682: 7680: 7675: 7673: 7668: 7667: 7664: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7610: 7603: 7597: 7578: 7571: 7565: 7561: 7538: 7534: 7528: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7458: 7453: 7451: 7442: 7436: 7434: 7417: 7411: 7395: 7389: 7373: 7367: 7365: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7277: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7259: 7254: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7231: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7208: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7190: 7185: 7183: 7166: 7163:. Rferl.org. 7162: 7155: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7107: 7091: 7087: 7081: 7065: 7061: 7060: 7059:The Economist 7055: 7049: 7041: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7012: 7004: 6998: 6991: 6987: 6984: 6979: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6960: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6941: 6925: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6909: 6902: 6898: 6895: 6890: 6883: 6879: 6876: 6871: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6852: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6833: 6825: 6819: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6783: 6777: 6769: 6763: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6739: 6730: 6724: 6722: 6706: 6702: 6696: 6677: 6670: 6664: 6656: 6650: 6635: 6629: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6583: 6579: 6573: 6554: 6547: 6541: 6533: 6527: 6516: 6510: 6494: 6490: 6484: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6387: 6384: 6379: 6363: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6345: 6338: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6306: 6302: 6297: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6228: 6220: 6214: 6206: 6200: 6193:. 3 May 2023. 6192: 6186: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6025: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6002: 6000: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5969: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5851: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5832: 5817: 5815:9781433041181 5811: 5807: 5806: 5799: 5783: 5779: 5777:9780521763103 5773: 5769: 5768: 5760: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5710: 5706: 5704:9780791442463 5700: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5657: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5638: 5627: 5622: 5603: 5596: 5590: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5558: 5549: 5543: 5535: 5529: 5521: 5515: 5507: 5501: 5486:(in Romanian) 5485: 5481: 5474: 5458: 5454: 5448: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5275: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5189: 5181: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5141: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5106: 5104: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5048: 5045:. Rferl.org. 5044: 5040: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5012: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4885: 4883: 4876: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4864:archive.today 4861: 4858: 4853: 4846: 4845:9781780746463 4842: 4836: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4799: 4794: 4788: 4783: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4751: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4643: 4639: 4638:Радіо Свобода 4635: 4628: 4621: 4615: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4552: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4503: 4489: 4483: 4474: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4414:Russian world 4412: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4395:Russia portal 4385: 4382: 4376: 4371: 4368: 4367:Europe portal 4357: 4354: 4348: 4343: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4314:South Ossetia 4311: 4307: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4234:single market 4231: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4185:supranational 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4109: 4108:Euler diagram 4071: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4033: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3505: 3502: 3497: 3494: 3489: 3486: 3481: 3478: 3471: 3468: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3359:mas-wrestling 3356: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3290:Sports events 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3175:Controversies 3172: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3155: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3106: 3098: 3093: 3083: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3059: 3055: 3052: 3042: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3002: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2634: 2631:Index (2019) 2610: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2602:Economic data 2599: 2596: 2592: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2568: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2553: 2549: 2547: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2472: 2467: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2412:19 April 1994 2410: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2386: 2359: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2291: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2266:Not ratified 2265: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2239: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2178: 2175: 2166: 2163: 2161:Not ratified 2160: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2136: 2116: 2113: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2068: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2003: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1958: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1934: 1921: 1917: 1914:12 April 1994 1912: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1888: 1884: 1881:20 April 1994 1879: 1874: 1869: 1866: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1787: 1783: 1780:16 March 1994 1778: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1754: 1735: 1730:Member states 1727: 1724: 1718: 1706: 1704: 1703:member states 1696: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1628: 1626: 1621: 1620:St Petersburg 1617: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1586: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1435: 1430: 1422: 1413: 1411: 1410:privatisation 1407: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1389:, which were 1388: 1387:Baltic states 1384: 1380: 1377:) signed the 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1333: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307:Ukrainian SSR 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1282: 1273: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1222:Ukrainian SSR 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1175: 1170: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1002: 997: 992: 985: 980: 977: 973: 969: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 938: 934: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 913: 909: 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11655:Demographics 11645:Antisemitism 11498:Central Bank 11416:Forced labor 11364:Spetsnaz GRU 11184:organisation 11092:Human rights 11041:Constitution 10924:Subdivisions 10802:Russian SFSR 10758:Soviet Union 10651: 10325:Soviet Union 10313:Eastern Bloc 10165:Non–regional 10046: 9560: 9317:Turkmenistan 9303: 9244:Saudi Arabia 8903:Beijing 2012 8814: 8474: 8405:Asia Council 8192: 8112:Soviet Union 8041:Organization 7877:Turkmenistan 7787:Turkmenistan 7728:Participants 7692: 7616:. 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