1045:
1269:
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38:
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832:
712:, which housed various governmental departments and the Law Faculty of the University of the Orange Free State, was named the President CR Swart Building in his honour. In 2015, the ANC government renamed the popular CR Swart Building the
665:
the following year, a small majority of White voters endorsed a government proposal to become a republic. In 1961, after signing the new republican constitution passed by
Parliament into law, he asked
597:
acting in silent films, before embarking on his public career. He practised law in
Bloemfontein from 1919–1948, with the exception of the time spent earning a degree in journalism from
1814:
669:
to release him from office, and
Parliament then elected him as State President, the new post which replaced the monarch and the Governor-General as ceremonial head of state.
650:
to suppress anti-apartheid activity. Between 1949 and 1950 he held the portfolio for
Education, Arts and Science and served as Deputy Prime Minister between 1954 and 1959.
680:
Although elected for a seven-year term in office, Swart served as state president for only six years, and retired in 1967. After his retirement, Swart was awarded the
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1889:
1839:
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of non-White workers, but the government preemptively averted most of these plans through an extensive use of police force to persecute the dissenters.
1844:
567:
concentration camp. Out of the three boys, one died while in the concentration camp. His father was wounded and captured by the
British during the
1874:
1869:
1859:
1829:
860:
559:
He was the third of six children, born to
Hermanus Bernardus Swart (1866–1949) and Aletta Catharina Robberts (1871–1927). The Anglo Boer War (
1389:
518:
226:
610:
He was married to
Cornelia Wilhelmina (Nellie) de Klerk and had three children. He was a tall man at 200 centimetres (6 ft 7 in).
1854:
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and other underground Black resistance leaders tried to protest against the change to the new system by planning a three-day
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517:(5 December 1894 – 16 July 1982), nicknamed "Blackie", was a South African politician who served as the last
403:
1722:
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450:
594:
563:) broke out when he was five years old. During the war, his mother and the children were interned at the
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in 1941. After the end of the Second World War, he was appointed
Minister of Justice when the
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came to power in 1948, and was responsible for legislation to strengthen the powers of the
568:
191:
8:
598:
454:
737:– from 1 to 50 Cents dated 1968, which was struck to commemorate him as the first
1437:
919:
1358:
1744:
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1110:
1019:
941:
635:
549:
369:
1227:
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was called State
President Swart Peak, before it was renamed Mascarin Peak in 2003.
578:
Aged seven, Swart went to the government school in
Winburg. He later went to a CNO (
1539:
1483:
1407:
1136:
1063:
582:
or "Christian National Education") school, set up by the Afrikaners in response to
79:
700:
being Afrikaans for "uncle", but used as a sign of respect towards an older male.
1760:
1670:
1550:
1529:
1013:
972:
935:
784:
572:
560:
1718:
1697:
1687:
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1509:
1442:
876:
The Tragedy of Apartheid: A Journalist's Experiences in the South African Riots
674:
670:
627:
275:
257:
1647:
1783:
1534:
1488:
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688:. He died on 16 July 1982, aged 87. Swart was popularly known as "Blackie" (
685:
134:
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1617:
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1427:
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709:
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657:, he was a staunch republican. Despite this, he had earlier kneeled before
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385:
166:
102:
84:
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1219:
128:
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1607:
1524:
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862:
The South African Opposition, 1935-1945: An Essay in Contemporary History
583:
252:
653:
In 1959, Swart was appointed Governor-General, but like his predecessor
1750:
1050:, Susanna Johanna Scott, Paul Van Warmelo, Butterworths, 1982, page 174
603:
445:
1633:
1612:
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693:
623:
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in New York in 1921–22. He reported briefly from Washington for the
1602:
865:, Michael Roberts, A. E. G. Trollip Longmans, Green, 1947, page 214
851:, Gustav Saron, Louis Hotz, Oxford University Press, 1955, page 219
805:
1106:
Falling Into Place: The Story of Modern South African Place Names
639:
564:
541:
365:
540:
Swart was born on 5 December 1894 on the Morgenzon farm, in the
37:
586:'s anglicisation policy at the government-sponsored schools.
552:(which became a British colony in 1902 and a province of the
723:
was destroyed by protesting students in late-February 2016.
879:, Norman Charles Phillips, D. McKay Company, 1960, page 155
626:. until he was defeated in 1938. Swart was a member of the
545:
940:. A Facts on File publication. Facts on File. p. 84.
571:. He became a prisoner-of-war and stayed in Groenpunt and
1815:
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
1060:
Bloemfontein's Fidel Castro building gets mixed response
896:, Leonard Monteath Thompson, Little, Brown, 196, page 60
1388:
1152:
Die Beknopte GeĂŻlustreerde Ensiklopedie van Suid-Afrika
1137:
50 Cents Charles Swart; Afrikaans Legend - SUID AFRIKA
837:, Jannie Kruger, Nasionale Boekhandel Bpk, 196, page 8
1257:
733:
Swart's portrait is depicted on the obverses of the
1150:Schirmer, Peter (1981). "Swart, Charles Robberts".
1580:
1096:
1005:
927:
1154:. Johannesburg: Central News Agency. p. 182.
924:, Rolf Italiaander, Prentice-Hall, 1961, page 119
1781:
780:Obituary: Charles Swart, ex-South African leader
1890:Prisoners and detainees of the British military
1840:Members of the House of Assembly (South Africa)
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1374:
1243:
519:governor-general of the Union of South Africa
1075:
1850:People from Masilonyana Local Municipality
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1559:
1381:
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887:
885:
796:
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36:
1845:National Party (South Africa) politicians
907:Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa
820:New Dictionary of South African Biography
158:11 December 1959 – 30 April 1961
1149:
1069:
1015:Fischer's Choice: A Life of Bram Fischer
1011:
933:
893:Politics in the Republic of South Africa
823:, Volume 1, E. J. Verwey, 1995, page 236
1102:
1018:(in Dutch). Jonathan Ball. p. 36.
882:
791:
770:
426:
295:Minister of Education, Arts and Science
239:4 June 1948 – 11 December 1959
1875:20th-century South African politicians
1782:
767:, H. W. Wilson Company, 1960, page 420
1870:South African prisoners and detainees
1860:South African people of Dutch descent
1830:Herenigde Nasionale Party politicians
1554:
1362:
1231:
758:
756:
754:
593:in 1914. He spent a brief period in
16:South African politician (1894–1982)
1855:Purified National Party politicians
1820:Education ministers of South Africa
1810:University of the Free State alumni
848:The Jews in South Africa: A History
682:Decoration for Meritorious Services
13:
987:"Charles Robberts (Blackie) Swart"
809:, 1961, Volume 57, Part 2, page 46
751:
696:for "black") or as "Oom Blackie",
66:31 May 1961 – 1 June 1967
14:
1901:
1880:20th-century presidents in Africa
1835:Justice ministers of South Africa
1825:Governors-general of South Africa
1772:†Died in office *Acting President
1259:Governors-General of South Africa
1076:Iavan Pijoos (23 February 2016).
1865:State Presidents of South Africa
1347:
1267:
1177:Governor-General of South Africa
622:as the Member of Parliament for
487:
146:Governor-General of South Africa
1210:State President of South Africa
1130:
1053:
1039:
979:
961:
913:
899:
739:State President of South Africa
735:coins of the South African rand
726:The highest peak in the remote
618:In 1923, he was elected to the
422:
54:State President of South Africa
1289:HRH Prince Arthur of Connaught
1188:South Africa became a republic
910:, Cape Town, Volume 9, page 90
868:
854:
840:
826:
812:
613:
580:Christelike Nasionale Onderwys
215:Lucas Cornelius Steyn (acting)
1:
1805:Afrikaner Broederbond members
1498:Post-apartheid (1994–present)
744:
535:
112:Himself (as Governor-General)
1109:. David Philip. p. 57.
1078:"CR Swart statue has fallen"
991:South African History Online
937:South Africa & Apartheid
721:University of the Free State
719:A statue of CR Swart at the
589:He established himself as a
451:University of the Free State
218:Himself (as State President)
7:
10:
1906:
764:Current Biography Yearbook
661:and kissed her hand. In a
630:. He became leader of the
575:until the end of the war.
521:from 1959 to 1961 and the
390:Orange Free State Province
338:Johannes Hendrikus Viljoen
1770:
1706:
1626:
1592:
1497:
1452:Apartheid-era (1948–1994)
1451:
1401:Pre-apartheid (1910–1948)
1400:
1345:
1274:
1265:
1216:
1207:
1195:
1174:
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921:The New Leaders of Africa
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1080:. News24. Archived from
801:"Blackie and the Blacks"
708:The tallest building in
530:Republic of South Africa
1310:Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet
934:Peterson, R.W. (1975).
42:Official portrait, 1960
1885:Ossewabrandwag members
1643:Charles Robberts Swart
1331:Charles Robberts Swart
1279:The Viscount Gladstone
544:district, part of the
510:Charles Robberts Swart
25:Charles Robberts Swart
1739:Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri
1336:Lucas Cornelius Steyn
1326:Lucas Cornelius Steyn
1299:The Earl of Clarendon
1203:Queen of South Africa
1170:Lucas Cornelius Steyn
1012:Meredith, M. (2002).
728:Prince Edward Islands
714:Fidel Castro Building
554:Union of South Africa
197:Lucas Cornelius Steyn
107:Queen of South Africa
1800:Apartheid government
1320:Ernest George Jansen
1315:Gideon Brand van Zyl
1103:Jenkins, E. (2007).
834:President C.R. Swart
648:South African Police
569:Battle of Paardeberg
327:Albert Jacobus Stals
192:Ernest George Jansen
1390:Minister of Justice
1294:The Earl of Athlone
1284:The Viscount Buxton
1084:on 24 February 2016
684:by State President
599:Columbia University
532:from 1961 to 1967.
455:Columbia University
227:Minister of Justice
1304:Sir Patrick Duncan
1185:Position abolished
1162:Political offices
1047:Our Legal Heritage
659:Queen Elizabeth II
1777:
1776:
1745:Kgalema Motlanthe
1548:
1547:
1356:
1355:
1341:†Died in office.
1226:
1225:
1217:Succeeded by
1116:978-0-86486-689-9
1066:, 7 February 2015
1025:978-1-86842-131-2
947:978-0-87196-186-0
636:Orange Free State
620:House of Assembly
550:Orange Free State
507:
506:
415:Cornelia de Klerk
370:Orange Free State
258:Johannes Strijdom
1897:
1712:(post-Apartheid)
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1196:Preceded by
1167:Preceded by
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993:. 23 August 2019
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348:Personal details
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262:Hendrik Verwoerd
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178:Hendrik Verwoerd
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85:Johannes Vorster
80:Hendrik Verwoerd
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1761:Cyril Ramaphosa
1711:
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1671:Nico Diederichs
1631:
1628:State President
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785:Lakeland Ledger
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561:Second Boer War
538:
526:state president
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400:Political party
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363:5 December 1894
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1763:(2018-present)
1758:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1726:
1719:Nelson Mandela
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1698:F. W. de Klerk
1695:
1690:
1688:Marais Viljoen
1685:
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1677:Marais Viljoen
1674:
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1582:Heads of State
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788:, 17 July 1982
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675:general strike
671:Nelson Mandela
644:National Party
632:National Party
628:Ossewabrandwag
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383:(aged 87)
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72:Prime Minister
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1665:Jan de Klerk
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1586:South Africa
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1394:South Africa
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1199:Elizabeth II
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394:South Africa
386:Bloemfontein
381:(1982-07-16)
379:16 July 1982
333:Succeeded by
302:
283:Succeeded by
234:
208:Succeeded by
167:Elizabeth II
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121:Succeeded by
103:Elizabeth II
61:
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1795:1982 deaths
1790:1894 births
1747:(2008-2009)
1729:Thabo Mbeki
1710:(from 1994)
1693:P. W. Botha
1648:Eben Dönges
1630:(1961–1994)
1608:Edward VIII
1596:(1910–1961)
1088:25 February
968:"A War Won"
638:and MP for
614:Public life
607:newspaper.
584:Lord Milner
323:Preceded by
317:D. F. Malan
271:Preceded by
253:D. F. Malan
184:Preceded by
95:Preceded by
1784:Categories
1751:Jacob Zuma
1660:Jim Fouché
1484:Schlebusch
1214:1961–1967
1181:1959–1961
997:5 February
745:References
686:Jim Fouché
663:referendum
655:E.G Jansen
604:Die Burger
556:in 1910).
536:Early life
473:journalist
467:Politician
461:Occupation
446:Alma mater
359:1894-12-05
1755:2009-2018
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1654:Tom Naudé
1634:Apartheid
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1220:Tom Naudé
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1031:30 August
953:30 August
694:Afrikaans
667:the Queen
624:Ladybrand
595:Hollywood
591:barrister
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484:Signature
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303:In office
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