788:
155:
218:(1154), which some authors take to represent the language of Goguryeo, but others believe reflect a mix of languages spoken by peoples conquered by Goguryeo. Scholars who take these words as representing the language of Goguryeo have come to a range of conclusions about the language, some holding that it was
1242:
1327:
1298:
1215:
1237:
614:
1332:
1232:
526:
507:
488:
469:
212:
1021:
1337:
1291:
536:
Whitman, John (2011), "Northeast Asian
Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan",
1097:
823:
809:
607:
172:
131:
1284:
1102:
196:
was only slightly different from them. Based on this text, Lee Ki-Moon grouped the four languages as the
1322:
640:
1060:
967:
931:
600:
1087:
1070:
457:
999:
1247:
1225:
1074:
281:
1092:
1156:
1146:
545:
184:
in 244. The report states that the languages of Buyeo and those of its southern neighbours
8:
1055:
852:
242:
1272:
898:
549:
1210:
1026:
981:
875:
219:
79:
1171:
1136:
1131:
690:
631:
522:
503:
484:
465:
223:
653:
197:
85:
1125:
903:
870:
710:
580:
553:
59:
1194:
1151:
1141:
908:
857:
835:
757:
675:
623:
285:
71:
20:
1317:
1268:
1116:
1011:
880:
700:
695:
269:
558:
1311:
1179:
989:
913:
720:
685:
648:
201:
167:
124:
42:
1161:
1082:
941:
295:
584:
115:
890:
844:
817:
803:
290:
1048:
705:
663:
189:
257:
254:
250:
234:
233:
transcribes a Buyeo word for noblemen subordinate only to the king as
226:, and others that it was somehow intermediate between these families.
1043:
949:
140:
108:
52:
1220:
787:
185:
181:
592:
1184:
1038:
177:
1016:
434:
205:
1267:
This article about a
Koreanic language or related topic is a
1033:
959:
923:
193:
170:. Chapter 30 "Description of the Eastern Barbarians" in the
1189:
211:
The most widely cited evidence for this group is a body of
410:
422:
398:
362:
350:
338:
386:
154:
462:
Koguryo, the
Language of Japan's Continental Relatives
326:
314:
374:
176:
records a survey carried out by the
Chinese state of
1309:
1243:North–South differences in the Korean language
1292:
608:
166:Very little is known of the language of the
481:The Ancient State of PuyĹŹ in Northeast Asia
1299:
1285:
1216:International Circle of Korean Linguistics
615:
601:
519:ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese
516:
502:, Cambridge University Press, p. 34,
428:
153:
1238:National Institute of the Korean Language
557:
497:
404:
356:
344:
332:
320:
521:, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
498:Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert (2011),
478:
456:
440:
416:
392:
566:
535:
380:
368:
245:. Beckwith identified this word with a
192:were similar, and that the language of
1310:
1233:List of English words of Korean origin
596:
571:, by Ki-Moon Lee and Robert Ramsey",
1328:Languages extinct in the 7th century
1262:
288:word for 'ruler' transcribed in the
16:Language spoken in the Buyeo kingdom
622:
13:
14:
1349:
208:confederacies in southern Korea.
786:
569:A History of the Korean Language
500:A History of the Korean Language
237:. This character was pronounced
567:——— (2013), "
1333:Unclassified languages of Asia
1:
308:
231:Records of the Three Kingdoms
173:Records of the Three Kingdoms
1271:. You can help Knowledge by
483:, Harvard University Press,
7:
200:, contemporaneous with the
10:
1354:
1261:
1022:Consonant and vowel tables
479:Byington, Mark E. (2016),
18:
1203:
1170:
1115:
1069:
1061:Transcription into Korean
1007:
998:
980:
958:
940:
922:
889:
843:
834:
816:
802:
795:
784:
756:
742:
719:
662:
639:
630:
559:10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0
517:Schuessler, Axel (2007),
213:placename glosses in the
152:
138:
122:
106:
101:
68:
58:
48:
38:
33:
28:
458:Beckwith, Christopher I.
229:The same chapter of the
159:Buyeo in the 3rd century
19:Not to be confused with
1338:Koreanic language stubs
1088:Cyrillization of Korean
443:, pp. 42, 124–125.
405:Lee & Ramsey (2011)
357:Lee & Ramsey (2011)
345:Lee & Ramsey (2011)
333:Lee & Ramsey (2011)
321:Lee & Ramsey (2011)
1248:Sino-Korean vocabulary
1226:List of Konglish terms
871:Gyeonggi/Seoul dialect
762:(19th century–present)
284:) for 'king', and the
180:after their defeat of
585:10.1075/kl.15.2.05whi
222:, others that it was
853:Chungcheong dialect
743:Early modern Korean
550:2011Rice....4..149W
419:, pp. 188–189.
371:, pp. 251–252.
243:Eastern Han Chinese
1211:Koreanic languages
982:Koreanic languages
876:Gyeongsang dialect
573:Korean Linguistics
1280:
1279:
1256:
1255:
1111:
1110:
1093:McCune-Reischauer
976:
975:
862:Yeongdong dialect
830:
829:
782:
781:
763:
747:
746:(17–18th century)
726:
725:(10–16th century)
669:
528:978-0-8248-2975-9
509:978-1-139-49448-9
490:978-0-674-73719-8
471:978-90-04-13949-7
429:Schuessler (2007)
407:, pp. 43–44.
395:, pp. 27–28.
359:, pp. 40–41.
347:, pp. 34–36.
164:
163:
1345:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1263:
1005:
1004:
904:Hwanghae dialect
899:HamgyĹŹng dialect
865:Yeongseo dialect
841:
840:
800:
799:
790:
761:
745:
724:
668:(?–10th century)
667:
637:
636:
617:
610:
603:
594:
593:
588:
563:
561:
544:(3–4): 149–158,
532:
513:
494:
475:
444:
438:
432:
426:
420:
414:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
378:
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
342:
336:
330:
324:
318:
157:
134:
118:
111:
74:
26:
25:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1199:
1195:Yongbieocheonga
1166:
1107:
1065:
994:
972:
968:Zainichi Korean
954:
936:
918:
909:Pyongan dialect
885:
858:Gangwon dialect
826:
812:
791:
778:
760:
752:
744:
738:
723:
715:
666:
658:
626:
624:Korean language
621:
591:
529:
510:
491:
472:
447:
441:Beckwith (2004)
439:
435:
427:
423:
417:Byington (2016)
415:
411:
403:
399:
393:Beckwith (2004)
391:
387:
379:
375:
367:
363:
355:
351:
343:
339:
331:
327:
319:
315:
311:
302:
286:Baekje language
160:
130:
127:
114:
107:
97:
75:
72:Language family
70:
24:
21:Buyeo languages
17:
12:
11:
5:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1323:PuyĹŹ languages
1320:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1012:Korean Braille
1008:
1002:
1000:Writing system
996:
995:
993:
992:
986:
984:
978:
977:
974:
973:
971:
970:
964:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
946:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
932:Chinese Korean
928:
926:
920:
919:
917:
916:
914:Yukjin dialect
911:
906:
901:
895:
893:
887:
886:
884:
883:
881:Jeolla dialect
878:
873:
868:
867:
866:
863:
855:
849:
847:
838:
832:
831:
828:
827:
822:
820:
814:
813:
808:
806:
797:
793:
792:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
776:
773:
770:
766:
764:
754:
753:
750:
748:
740:
739:
737:
736:
733:
729:
727:
717:
716:
714:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
672:
670:
660:
659:
657:
656:
651:
645:
643:
641:Proto-Koreanic
634:
628:
627:
620:
619:
612:
605:
597:
590:
589:
579:(2): 246–260,
564:
533:
527:
514:
508:
495:
489:
476:
470:
453:
446:
445:
433:
431:, p. 300.
421:
409:
397:
385:
383:, p. 154.
381:Whitman (2011)
373:
369:Whitman (2013)
361:
349:
337:
325:
312:
310:
307:
300:
270:Middle Chinese
198:PuyĹŹ languages
162:
161:
158:
150:
149:
144:
136:
135:
128:
123:
120:
119:
112:
104:
103:
102:Language codes
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
93:
78:
76:
69:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
40:
39:Native to
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1350:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Speech levels
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1147:Postpositions
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:Cyrillization
1068:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
990:Jeju language
988:
987:
985:
983:
979:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
957:
951:
948:
947:
945:
943:
939:
933:
930:
929:
927:
925:
921:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
892:
888:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
864:
861:
860:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
846:
842:
839:
837:
833:
825:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
805:
801:
798:
794:
789:
774:
771:
768:
767:
765:
759:
758:Modern Korean
755:
749:
741:
734:
731:
730:
728:
722:
721:Middle Korean
718:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
671:
665:
661:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
644:
642:
638:
635:
633:
629:
625:
618:
613:
611:
606:
604:
599:
598:
595:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
530:
524:
520:
515:
511:
505:
501:
496:
492:
486:
482:
477:
473:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:
452:
451:
442:
437:
430:
425:
418:
413:
406:
401:
394:
389:
382:
377:
370:
365:
358:
353:
346:
341:
335:, p. 34.
334:
329:
323:, p. 37.
322:
317:
313:
306:
304:
297:
293:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:
209:
207:
203:
202:Han languages
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:
169:
168:Buyeo kingdom
156:
151:
148:
145:
143:
142:
137:
133:
129:
126:
125:Linguist List
121:
117:
113:
110:
105:
100:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
43:Buyeo Kingdom
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1273:expanding it
1266:
1258:
1204:Other topics
1124:
1083:ISO/TR 11941
1075:Romanization
1056:Mixed script
942:Central Asia
680:
576:
572:
568:
541:
537:
518:
499:
480:
461:
449:
448:
436:
424:
412:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
328:
316:
298:
296:Old Japanese
289:
277:
273:
265:
261:
260:(pronounced
246:
238:
230:
228:
214:
210:
171:
165:
146:
139:
90:
1027:Punctuation
891:North Korea
845:South Korea
818:North Korea
804:South Korea
775:South Korea
772:North Korea
450:Works cited
291:Nihon Shoki
282:Sino-Korean
247:Samguk sagi
215:Samguk sagi
64:7th century
1312:Categories
1172:Literature
1137:Honorifics
1132:Count word
664:Old Korean
309:References
1126:Phonology
1044:Hyangchal
950:Koryo-mar
464:, Brill,
141:Glottolog
109:ISO 639-3
53:Manchuria
1221:Konglish
1152:Pronouns
1142:Numerals
836:Dialects
810:Pyojuneo
796:Standard
691:Goguryeo
460:(2004),
266:kɛjtshij
220:Koreanic
186:Goguryeo
182:Goguryeo
82: ?
80:Koreanic
1185:Hyangga
1117:Grammar
1098:Revised
1039:Gugyeol
824:MunhwaĹŹ
711:Ye-Maek
632:History
546:Bibcode
224:Japonic
204:of the
60:Extinct
1017:Hangul
769:Joseon
751:Joseon
735:Joseon
732:Goryeo
676:Baekje
525:
506:
487:
468:
278:kaycha
249:gloss
206:Samhan
49:Region
1318:Buyeo
1162:Verbs
1034:Hanja
960:Japan
924:China
706:Silla
701:Okjeo
696:Mahan
681:Buyeo
194:Okjeo
91:Buyeo
29:Buyeo
1269:stub
1190:Sijo
1180:Gasa
1103:Yale
1073:and
686:Gaya
654:PuyĹŹ
538:Rice
523:ISBN
504:ISBN
485:ISBN
466:ISBN
188:and
147:None
86:PuyĹŹ
34:PuyĹŹ
1049:Idu
649:Han
581:doi
554:doi
294:as
280:in
274:kay
268:in
262:kɛj
241:in
239:kai
178:Wei
132:xpy
116:xpy
1314::
577:15
575:,
552:,
540:,
305:.
303:si
299:ki
272:,
190:Ye
1300:e
1293:t
1286:v
1275:.
616:e
609:t
602:v
587:.
583::
562:.
556::
548::
542:4
531:.
512:.
493:.
474:.
301:1
276:/
264:/
258:次
255:皆
253:/
251:皆
235:ĺŠ
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
